6.

1
(insulator or dielectric)
(bound)

6.2 (The Nature of Dielectric Materials)

(insulator or dielectric)



(dielectric strength)
3x106 N/C



(atomic force)
2
6.2.1 (Polar)
6.1()
(permanent dipole) E 6.1()
+

+
+

()

()
6.1 ()
()

 81

+
-

+
-

+
-

+
-

+
-

()

+
-

()
6.2 ()
()

6.2.2 (Non - Polar)

6.2() 6.2()
(induced dipoles)
6.2()
6.1()
6.2()

6.3 (Polarization and Relative Permittivity)

P D E
(6.1)
D = 0E + P
(6.1)
2

P = , C/m
(isotropic material) E P

P = e0E

e = (electric susceptibility) ,

(6.1) (6.2) (isotropic)

D = 0E + e0E = 0(1+e)E
D = 0rE

(6.2)

(6.3)
(6.4)

r 1 + e

(6.4) D E
D = E

(6.5)

82

= 0r

(6.6)

r = , ( )

6.1 D P E = 0.15 MV/m e = 4.25

r = 1 + e = 1 + 4.25 = 5.25

D = 0r = (8.854 10-12)(5.25)(0.15 106) = 6.96 C/m2

P = e0E = (8.854 10-12)(4.25)(0.15 106) = 5.64 C/m2
6.96 C/m2
5.64 C/m2

6.4 (Capacitance)
(dielectric)
(conductor)
6.3
Q
()
(6.7)
C
V

Q = ,
V = ,
,

, +s
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
d

, E

, -s

6.3

 83

(6.7) 1 1
1
6.3
Q = SS
(6.8)

(6.9)
V S d

(6.8) (6.9) (6.7)

S S
C 0 r
d
d

(6.10)

6.2 r = 6
6.45 10-3 2.54 10-4

(6.10)
6 8.854 10 -12 6.45 10 -3
1.35 nF
2.54 10 -4
1.35
C

50 100

1
1 S d S2
1 S2
1 S S2 d 2
2
WE vol E dv 0 0 2 dz dS
Sd
2
2
2
2 d 2

1
1
1 Q2
WE CV 2 QV
2
2
2 C

(6.11)

6.5
6.4()
6.4()
(6.10)
S
S
C1 0 r1 1 C 2 0 r2 2
d
d
CT = C1 + C2

C T 0 r1S1 r2 S 2
(6.12)
d

84

6.5()
6.5()

S1

S2

0r1

C2

C1

0r2

()
()
6.4 2 () ()

S
d1

0r1

d2

0r2

C1
C2

()
()
6.5 2 () ()

(6.10)

S
S
C1 0 r1 C 2 0 r2
d1
d2
CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2
d d
C T r2 1 r1 2
.
0 r1 r2 S

(6.12)

6.3 0.3
5.5 3 E D r1 = 3, d1
= 1 r2 = 4, d2 = 2 r3 = 6, d3 = 2.5

1 3 C1

S (3)(0.3)
C1 0 r1 = 0 -3 7.96 nF
d1
10
C2 = 5.31 nF C3 = 6.37 nF

 85

1
1
1
1

C T 7.96 10 -9 5.31 10 -9 6.37 10 -9

CT = 2.12 nF

6.4 6.7 200

C1 C2
1 m2
2
3 mm

1 mm

r1= 5

6.7 6.4

Er
a

b +

6.6

5(1)
1000 0
C1 0 -3 5000 0 , C 2
3
10
C1 C 2
CT
312.5 0 2.77 10 -9 F
C1 C 2

D Dn = s

Q CV (2.77 10 -9 )(200)
s
5.54 10 -7 C/m 2
A A
1

D
D
1.25 10 4 V/m E 2 6.25 10 4 V/m
0 r1
0
V = EL = Ed
V1 = E1d1 = 12.5 V
V2 = E2d2 = 187.5 V
E1

86

6.6
6.6.1
6.6 a
b L +Q

Q
(a < r < b)
Er
4 r
(line
integral)
a

Vab b E r dr

Vab

Q b
ln
2 a

(6.14)

(6.7) C = Q/V
2 L
C b
ln
a

(6.15)

6.5 6.8 8

(6.14)

2 L 2 (3.5)(10 -9 /36 )(8 10 3 )

= 3.8 F
C b
ln(15/10)
ln
a
3.8

6.6.2
( 4.7 4 )
a b b > a
5 mm
V = 1kV
10 mm
r =3.5

6.8 6.4

 87

Er

Q
4 r 2

(line integral)
Q 1 1
Vab

4 a b
(6.7) C = Q/V
C

(6.16)

4
1 1

a b

C = 4a

(6.17)

(6.18)

6.6.2
6.9


6.9 RO
R
V l ln O
2 R
z
l

l
R2
R1

(-a, 0, 0)

(a, 0, 0)

2a
x

6.9
x = a, y = 0 x = - a, y = 0 P(x, y, 0)
xy R1 R2
(equipotential)

88

R1 R2

R R R
l R 10
ln
ln 20 l ln 10 2
2 R 1
R 2 2 R 20 R 1
R10 = R20
x = 0 R1 R2 x y
V

x a2 y2
l
l x a 2 y 2
V
ln

ln
2
x a 2 y 2 4 x a 2 y 2

(6.19)

V = V1
K1 V1
K 1 e 4 V1 / l

(6.20)

K1

x a2 y2

(6.21)

x a2 y2

(6.21)
(K 1) 2 2
x 2 2ax 1
y a 0
(K 1 1)

(6.22)

(6.22)
2

2a K 1
K 1
x a 1 y 2
K1 1

K1 1

V = V1 z ( )
xy b
2a K 1
b
K1 1
x = h, y = 0
K 1
ha 1
K1 1
x = 0
b V0 h a
K1 b h
a h2 b2

(6.23)

 89

h h2 b2
K1
b

(6.24)

V0 (6.20)
K 1 e 2 V0 / l

y
V=0

b=5

h = 13
, x =13
y = 0, V = 100

6.10
5

4V0
ln K 1

(6.25)

h, b, V0, a, l K1
L Z
L 4 L 2 L
C l

V0 ln K 1 ln K 1

C

2 L
ln h h 2 b 2 / b

2 L
cosh -1 h/b

(6.26)

6.6 6.10 5
100 0 13

b = 5 m, h = 13 m V0 = 100 V

90

a h 2 b 2 13 2 5 2 = 12

2
2 8.854 10 -12
C

34.6 pF/m
cosh -1 (h/b)
cosh -1 (13/5)
34.6 /

(6.26) b << h ln[h + (h2 b2)1/2]/b = ln (h+h)/b = ln(2h/b)

, sc
a

(sc,e ,m)
d

6.11

2 L
ln (2h/b)

(b << h)

(6.27)

2h
(6.26) (6.27) (
6.11)

C
C
(a << d)
(6.28)
-1
ln(d/a)
cosh (d/2a)

= ( ),

a = ,
d = ,

6
1
1. ............... ............................. ( )
2. ...............
3. .............................................
4. ...............

 91

5. ............ (/)
..............................
6. ..............................
7. ............................. .............................
.............................
8. .............................
........... (/)
9.

............................
............... ............................. .............................
10.
......................................................... .......................... ............................
.............................
2
1. r = 3.6, D = 285 nC/m2 E, P, e
2. (polarization) P r = 2.5 D = 5 10 7 a C/m2
3. r = 3 0.92
4.5
4. 8 1.51
10

5. 6.7 3 r1 = 1, d1 = 0.2 r2 = 2, d2

6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

= 0.3 r3 = 3, d3 = 0.4 20 () C ()

58C/U 20 0.0295
0.116 r = 2.26
4 0.5
r = 5.2
20 50 100
= 100 E = (106/r)ar /

1
1 ( r = 2.26)
2 3 ( ) 1.5
r = 4 50