B mn H thng in

Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

BI TH NGHIM S 1

PHI HP TC NG CA CC BO V QU DNG IN
TRONG MNG IN HNH TIA MT NGUN CUNG CP
I. MC CH TH NGHIM
1. Phi hp cc bo v lm vic theo nguyn l qu dng in.
2. Khai thc mt s chc nng ca rle s MiCOM P122 v MiCOM P142.
II. NI DUNG TH NGHIM
2.1. M hnh th nghim trn b m phng h thng in (PSS)
GS

DTX1

GTX
Relay A

Line 2

TP2

Relay B

Relay C

TP17

TP20
ET

Hnh 1.1. M hnh th nghim bo v qu dng in

Trong :
GS Thanh ci h thng

GTX My bin p li

TP: im th nghim

DTX1 My bin p phn phi

Line 2 ng dy s 2

ET My bin p ni t

Ti A (v tr RGTB) t rle MiCOM P122, in p dy 220 V, BI c t s bin i nBI = 10/1.

Ti B (v tr RD1 A) t rle MiCOM P142, in p dy 220 V, BI c t s nBI = 7/1.
Ti C (RD1 B) t rle MiCOM P142, in p dy 110 V, BI c t s bin i nBI = 14/1.
Thng s ca cc phn t:

GS:

127 V/phase

GTX: 220V/220V, 5 kVA, /Y-11

Z1=Z2=Z0= 1,38
ET:

Line 2:

Z1=Z2=Z0= 3,70

DTX1:

220V/110V, 2 kVA, Y/-1

Z1=Z2=Z0= 3,60

220V/110V, 2 kVA, t u dy zig

zag vi trung tnh ni t.
Z1=Z2=Z0= 0,44

Khi th nghim cc dng ngn mch pha th ta khng s dng my bin p ni t ET.
Khi th nghim cc dng ngn mch chm t th ta ni thm ET to ng i cho dng in
th t khng pha sau DTX1. Dng in ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20 s tng i
ln, v vy ta cn ni trung tnh ca ET vi in tr R = 1 gim dng in ngn mch.

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

My bin p ni t ET c tng tr nh nn ta c th b qua khi tnh ton dng in ngn

mch. y tng tr ca cc phn t trong s ch c thnh phn cm khng X, cc thng s
c quy i v cp in p 220 V.
2.2. Tnh ton dng in khi xy ra cc s c ngn mch
Vic tnh ton c th do sinh vin chun b trc khi th nghim. Kt qu tnh ton ghi trong
Bng 1.1.
Dng ngn mch
Ngn mch ba pha

Dng in s cp ca cc BI, A

TP20

TP17

TP2

V tr A

Dng in pha

14,60

25

92

V tr B

Dng in pha

14,60

25

V tr C

Dng in pha

29,20

Dng in pha a

10

25,7

97

Dng in pha b

6,3

5,3

Dng in pha c

10

6,3

5,3

Dng in th t khng

13

86

Dng in pha a

10

6,3

5,3

Dng in pha b

6,3

5,3

Dng in pha c

10

6,3

5,3

Dng in th t khng

18,9

16

Dng in pha a

30

Dng in pha b

Dng in pha c

Dng in th t khng

30

Dng in pha a
V tr A

Dng in pha b
Dng in pha c
Dng in pha a

Ngn mch hai pha b c

V tr B

Dng in pha b
Dng in pha c
Dng in pha a

V tr C

Dng in pha b
Dng in pha c

V tr A

Ngn mch pha a chm t

V tr B

V tr C

Bng 1.1. Kt qu tnh ton dng in trn m hnh th nghim

2. 3. Ci t chc nng bo v qu dng in cho cc rle
2.3.1. Chc nng bo v qu dng in pha (I>)

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

i vi rle qu dng in, dng in khi ng Ik ca bo v c chn theo cng thc

kinh nghim:

k at .k m
I lv max .
kv

I k
Trong :

kat - h s an ton, thng ly trong khong 1,1 n 1,2.

km - h s m my ca cc ph ti ng c c dng in chy qua ch t bo v.
kv - h s tr v, bng 0,85 0,9 vi rle c v bng 0,95 vi rle s.
Ilvmax - dng lm vic ln nht cho php i vi phn t c bo v.
Trong bi th nghim ny ta ch kim tra hot ng ca cc bo v khi xy ra ngn mch
nn dng in khi ng c t thng nht l 1 A cho cc rle (y chnh l dng in th cp
ca cc BI).
Di y ta ch ci t thi gian tc ng ca cc rle. i vi rle MiCOM, ta c th la
chn c tnh thi gian ct trong nhiu loi c tnh khc nhau, y ta chn thng nht c tnh
thi gian ct cho rle theo chun IEC, loi c tnh SI (Standard Inverse).
Phng trnh c tnh ct ca rle:

0.14

t
(
Trong :

I
I k

0.02

TMS
1

Dng in khi ng ca rle l Ik = 1 A.

Dng in th cp ca BI chy qua rle l I, A.
TMS (Time Multiplier Setting) l bi s thi gian t.
I/Ik l bi s dng in t.

TMS l gi tr th hin t l gim thi gian tc ng theo tnh ton. V d thi gian tc ng theo
tnh ton l:

0.14

t
(

I
I k

0.02

t tt

(TMS 1)

Khi t TMS = 0,5 th thi gian tc ng ch cn mt na so vi gi tr tnh ton: t t = 0,5ttt.

Bi vy TMS l cng c hu ch ta thc hin ci t thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v m
bo s phn cp thoi gian tc ng. Cc ng cong hnh 1.2. gip ta tra c thi gian tc
ng ng vi bi s dng in t v gi tr TMS cho trc.

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 1.2. c tnh thi gian ct loi IEC SI

a. Ci t cho rle ti v tr C
V rle C bo v cho phn t cui cng nn ta c th chn thi gian tc ng nh nht
c th cho rle. Ta chn gi tr TMS nh nht i vi vi rle MiCOM P142 l TMS = 0,025.
Theo Bng 1.1. ta c dng in ngn mch s cp ca BI rle C khi ngn mch ba
pha ti TP20 l I = 29,20 A. Gi tr dng in i vo rle l: 29,20/14 = 2,09 A (v BI c t s
14/1).
4

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Thi gian tc ng ca rle ti C l:

0,14

2,09

.0,025

0,02

0,24 s

(Ta cng c th tra th Hnh 1.2 vi Multiple of I s = 2,09, TMS = 0,025).

b. Ci t cho rle ti v tr B
Rle ti B lm nhim v bo v chnh cho my bin p DTX1 v bo v d phng cho
rle C. Do khi ngn mch ti TP20 th thi gian tc ng ca rle B phi tha mn:

t RB

t RC

0,24 0,3

0,54 s

Khi s c ti TP20, dng in s cp ca BI ca rle B l 14,60 A, dng in i vo

rle B l 14,60/7 = 2,09 A (BI c t s nBI = 7/1).
Gi tr TMS tm nh iu kin v thi gian tc ng nh ni trn:

0,14

0,54

2,09

TMS

0,02

TMS 0,057

Gi tr TMS gn nht c th t vo rle l TMS = 0,05. Khi thi gian tc ng ca

rle ti B khi ngn mch ti TP20 l:

0,14
2,090,02 1

0,05

0,48 s

Khi ngn mch ti TP17, dng in ngn mch pha s cp ca BI ca rle B l 25 A

(Bng 1.1), dng in i vo rle l 25/7 = 3,57 A. Nh vy, thi gian tc ng ca rle B khi
ngn mch ba pha ti TP17 l:

0,14
3,57 0,02 1

0,05

0,28 s

c. Ci t cho rle ti v tr A
Rle ti A lm nhim v bo v chnh cho ng dy 2 (line 2) v bo v d phng cho
rle B. Do khi ngn mch ti TP17 th thi gian tc ng ca rle A phi tha mn:

t RA

t RB

0,28 0,3

0,58 s

Khi s c ti TP17, dng in s cp ca BI ca rle A l 25 A, dng in i vo rle

A l 25/10 = 2,50 A (BI c t s nBI = 10/1).
Gi tr TMS tm nh iu kin v thi gian tc ng nh ni trn:

0,58

0,14
2,50,02 1

TMS

TMS 0,077

Gi tr TMS gn nht c th t vo rle l TMS = 0,075. Khi thi gian tc ng ca

rle ti A l:

0,14
2,50,02 1

0,075

0,57 s
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

2.3.2. Chc nng bo v qu dng in th t khng (I0 >)

Dng in th t khng y c tnh ton nh vo cc dng in pha (tng ca ba
dng in pha). Gi tr dng in khi ng cho chc nng ny ta cng thng nht t l I k = 1
A (pha th cp ca BI). Cc c tnh thi gian tc ng cng c chn thng nht l IEC SI.
Di y ta s i xc nh cc gi tr TMS phi hp thi gian tc ng gia cc rle.
a. Ci t cho rle ti C
Khi xt s c ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20 vi iu kin trung tnh my bin p ET
ni qua in tr R = 1 ta tnh c dng in th t khng pha s cp ca BI ca rle C l
30 A. Gi tr dng in pha th cp l 30/14 = 2,1 A.
Do rle C bo v cho phn on cui cng nn ta chn thi gian tc ng nh nht ng
vi TMS = 0,025. Thi gian tc ng ca rle C (chc nng I 0>) khi ngn mch mt pha chm
t ti TP20 l:

0,14

0,025

0,02

2,1

0,23 s

b. Ci t cho rle ti B
Theo Bng 1.1, khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20, rle ti B tnh c dng
in th t khng (tng cc vector dng in pha) l 0, ng thi rle B cng nhn c cc
dng in pha a v pha c c gi tr pha s cp l 10 A (gi tr pha th cp l 10/7 = 1,43 A).
V vy, chc nng bo v qu dng in th t khng ca rle B khng th d phng cho rle
C c. Nu rle ti C khng tc ng (v d nh b kha tc ng), chc nng bo v qu
dng in pha ca rle B s tc ng vi thi gian:

0,14
1,430,02 1

0,05

0,97 s

Rle A nhn c dng in s cp tng t nh rle B nhng v t s bin i ca BI

l 10/1 nn dng in pha s cp l 1 A (gi tr ny thc t nh hn v dng in ngn mch
c tnh ton th ch xt n cm khng ca cc phn t). Nh vy, rle A c th s khng
nhn bit c s c ang xy ra ti TP20.
Nh vy ci t chc nng I0> cho rle B, ta phi da vo s c ti TP17. Khi ngn
mch mt pha chm t ti TP17, dng in th t khng m rle B tnh ton c l 18,9 A,
gi tr pha th cp ca BI l 18,9/7 = 2,7 A. Thi gian tc ng ca rle B c th c tnh vi
TMS = 0,05:

0,14
2,7 0,02 1

0,05

0,35 s

c. Ci t cho rle ti A
Rle ti A lm nhim v d phng cho rle ti B nn khi ngn mch mt pha chm t
ti TP17, thi gian tc ng ca rle A l:

t RA

t RB

0,35 0,3

0,65 s
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Dng in th t khng i qua s cp ca BI ca rle A l 13 A (Bng 1.1), gi tr pha

th cp l 13/10 = 1,3 A. Gi tr TMS c tm t iu kin thi gian ct:

0,14

0,65

0,02

1,3

TMS

TMS 0,024

Gi tr gn nht c th chn l TMS = 0,025. Khi thi gian tc ng ca rle A khi

ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP17 l:

0,14

0,02

1,3

0,025

0,66 s

Khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP2 th dng in th t khng pha s cp BI ca rle A
l 97 A, gi tr pha th cp l 97/10 = 9,7 A. Thi gian tc ng:

0,14
9,7 0,02 1

0,025

0,07 s

Ta nhn thy dng in ngn mch khi ngn mch chm t gn thanh ci h thng l
rt ln v vy cn thit phi ni t cc im trung tnh qua in tr hoc in khng gim
dng in ngn mch.
2.4. Tin hnh th nghim
2.4.1. Ci t thng s cho rle MiCOM P122 v MiCOM P142
a. Ci t cho cc rle MiCOM P142

Configuration Settings
Active Settings

Group 1

Settings Group 1

Enabled

Earth Fault 1

Disabled

Earth Fault 2

Enabled

Trong chc nng Earth Fault 1, dng in th t khng c o trc tip

t h thng qua mt my bin dng trn dy trung tnh ni t. Trong Earth Fault
2, dng th t khng c tnh bng tng dng in ba pha. Do khng c my
bin dng ni dy trung tnh ni t ca my bin p trn b th nghim nn ta
ch s dng Earth Fault 2 (Enable).

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

CT and VT Ratios
Relay C - RD1B

Relay B - RD1A

Main VT Primary

110V

220V

Main VT Secondary

110V

110V

Phase CT Primary

14A

7A

Phase CT Secondary

1A

1A

Function

IEC S Inverse

IEC S Inverse

I> Direction

Non Directional

Non Directional

I>1 Current Set (Prim)

14A

7A

I>1 TMS

0,025

0,05

Function

IEC S Inverse

IEC S Inverse

IN>1 Current

1A

1A

IN>1 TMS

0,025

0,05

Group 1- Overcurrent

Earth Fault 2

b. Ci t cho rle MiCOM P122

Configuration Settings
Group Select
CT Ratio

Group 1
Line CT primary

10A

Line CT Sec

1A

Check phase rotation is ABC

I>? Yes, I>1,0Tn
Earth Fault 2
Function Ie>

Yes

Ie>

1,0Ien

Delay Type

IDMT

IDMT

IEC SI

TMS

0,025
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

2.4.2. Kim tra hot ng ca cc bo v

a. S ni dy
Tin hnh ni dy theo s hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.3. S ni dy cho th nghim bo v qu dng in

b. Trnh t th nghim
Th nghim vi cc s c pha pha (chc nng I>)
1. Ni ng h m thi gian ct vo im TP20 v t thi gian ti a cho ng h l 1,5
sec
2. Kho cc chc nng qu dng ct nhanh ca rle D1A v D1B.
3. M cc my ct: CB22, CB24, CB26.
4. ng cc my ct CB23 v CB25.
5. Ni s to s c 3 pha ti im TP20 v ng my ct to s c (gn v tr ng h
m thi gian).
6. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1B (ti C)
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

7. Truy cp rle D1B v ghi li cc thng s:

a. Chc nng bo v g tc ng.
b. ln dng in s c.
c. Thi gian tn ti s c.
d. Thi gian lm vic ca rle.
e. Thi gian tc ng ca my ct.
8. Kho tm thi rle D1B v to s c nh bc 5.
9. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A (ti B).
10. Truy nhp rle D1A v ghi li cc thng s nh bc 7.
11. To s c ti TP17
12. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A.
13. Kho tm thi rle D1A v to s c mt ln na ti TP17
14. Quan st phn ng ca rle GTB ti A.
15. Lp li cc thao tc t bc 5 vi cc dng s c ngn mch 2 pha, ghi li cc thng s
v nu nhn xt v thi gian tc ng cng nh s phn cp thi gian lm vic gia cc
bo v trong trng hp ny c g thay i S lm vic chn lc gia cc bo v cn
c m bo hay khng?
Th nghim vi cc s c pha t (chc nng I0>)
1. To s c 1 pha ti im TP20
2. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1B.
3. Truy cp rle D1B v ghi li cc thng s:
a. Chc nng bo v g tc ng.
b. ln dng in s c.
c. Thi gian tn ti s c.
d. Thi gian lm vic ca rle.
e. Thi gian tc ng ca my ct.
4. Kho tm thi rle D1B v to s c 1 pha ti TP20
5. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A.
6. Truy nhp rle D1A v ghi li cc thng s nh bc 3.
7. To s c ti TP17
8. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A.
9. Kho tm thi rle D1A v to s c mt ln na ti TP17
10. Quan st phn ng ca rle GTB ti A.
III. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM
Bo co th nghim phi bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

1. Mc ch th nghim
2. S ni dy ca mng in th nghim
3. Tnh ton dng in ngn mch khi xy ra ngn mch ti cc im TP20, TP17 v TP2
trong mng in (ngn mch ba pha, ngn mch mt pha chm t, ngn mch hai pha).
4. Qu trnh ci t cho cc rle.
5. Kt qu cc dng in ngn mch do rle ghi li.
6. Kt qu kim tra thi gian tc ng ca cc rle.
7. Nhn xt v gii thch v phn ng ca cc rle.

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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

BI TH NGHIM S 2

NGHIN CU BO V SO LCH MY BIN P

I. MC CH TH NGHIM
1. Tm hiu nguyn l bo v so lch cho my bin p.
2. Ci t v kim tra hot ng ca rle s MiCOM P633 vi chc nng bo v so lch
v bo v qu dng in cho my bin p.
II. C S L THUYT
i vi cc my bin p (MBA) cng sut ln, m bo tnh tc ng nhanh, nhy
v chn lc cao, ngi ta s dng chc nng bo v so lch (differential protection - 87) lm
bo v chnh, chc nng bo v qu dng in c s dng lm bo v d phng. Ngoi ra
chc nng bo v chng qu ti nhit (49), cc chc nng bo v khng da vo i lng in
nh qu nhit thng du, rle kh (Buchholz), rle cnh bo mc du thp lun c s
dng i vi cc MBA du cng sut ln. Trong khun kh thc hin th nghim v nghin
cu trn b m phng h thng in (PSS Power System Simulator) chng ta ch xem xt chi
tit vic ng dng hai chc nng bo v so lch v qu dng d phng cho MBA.
2.1. Nguyn l bo v so lch
Bo v so lch da trn nguyn tc so snh bin dng in gia hai u ca mt
phn t. Tn hiu dng in em ra so snh c ly t th cp ca cc BI ni vo cc u ca
phn t c bo v.

Hnh 2.1. Minh ha nguyn l bo v so lch

Dng in i qua rle bng: IR = IT1- IT2
Trong :
IR - Dng in chy qua rle hay cn gi l dng in so lch.
IT1 - Dng in th cp BI1.
IT2 - Dng in th cp BI2.
Vng tc ng ca bo v so lch c gii hn bng v tr t ca cc t my bin
dng cc u phn t c bo v.
Trong ch lm vic bnh thng hoc s c ngoi vng, tr s dng in chy vo
vng bo v bng tr s dng in chy ra khi vng bo v. Trn hnh v m t 18.1 ta thy
rng dng in chy qua rle s bng hiu hai dng th cp BI v bng khng, rle khng lm
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

vic. Ngc li nu c s c trong vng bo v (hnh v 18.2), dng in chy qua rle bng
tng hai dng th cp BI v khc khng, rle s tc ng ct my ct. Bo v so lch dng
in thuc dng chn lc tuyt i (Unit Protection), chng ta c th t thi gian tr bng 0.

Hnh 2.2. ng i ca dng in khi ngn mch trong vng bo v so lch

Trong thc t do c sai s ca cc thit b trong h thng bo v so lch, c bit l cc
my bin dng in (BI), lm cho vic so snh tr s dng in vo v ra khng th chnh
xc tuyt i c. Ngay c trong ch lm vic bnh thng, hay c bit l khi c s c
ngn mch ngoi, cc BI c kh nng b bo ho mch t, s tn ti mt dng in khng cn
bng chy qua rle v dn n kh nng tc ng nhm ca h thng bo v. Chnh v l do
trn ngi ta phi tin hnh hm khng cho rle tc ng nhm.
C nhiu phng php cng nh cch thc ngn chn tc ng nhm ca cc rle so
lch. i vi h thng bo v so lch s dng rle c-in ngi ta dng thm cun hm, s
dng s tng tr cao ... Trong cc rle s ngi ta s dng phn mm to ra cc c tnh
tc ng c ngha tng t nh rle c-in trc y. c tnh tc ng ca chc nng bo
v so lch s c xem xt thng qua vic tm hiu rle Areva P632 c trnh by pha sau.
Cng c th ni thm rng c tnh tc ng ca cc loi rle s u kh ging nhau mc d
c trnh by v s dng cng ngh khc nhau.
2.2. Cc vn t ra khi ng dng bo v so lch cho MBA
Khi p dng nguyn l so lch dng in bo v cc my bin p v bin p t ngu,
cn lu cc vn nh sau:
2.2.1. S khc bit v tr s ca dng s cp BI
Dng in s cp BI hai (hoc nhiu pha) ca my bin p thng khc nhau v tr
s theo t s bin i gia in p cc pha. cn bng dng in th cp ca cc BI trong
ch lm vic bnh thng, ngi ta la chn t s bin i ca BI cc pha hoc ni tip qua
cc BI trung gian BIG sao cho tr s cc dng in a vo so snh trong rle phi gn bng
nhau.

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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 2.3. iu chnh bin trong bo v so lch MBA 2 cun dy.

Theo hnh 2.3, gi s my bin p c in p cc pha U1/U2 , t s bin i ca my bin p l
n=

U1
, t s bin i ca cc bin dng cc pha ln lt l n1, n2 th t s bin i ca my
U2

bin dng trung gian BIG l:

ntg=

n1
n
n2

Nu ntg qu ln, ngi ta c th ni tip nhiu bin dng trung gian t c t s

bin i mong mun.
2.2.2. S khc bit v gc pha ca dng s cp BI
My bin p thng c t u dy khc nhau, v d Y/ , Y0/Y0/ . Dng in s cp
BI cc pha my bin p c th lch pha tu theo t u dy MBA. c c dng th cp
a vo rle so snh c cng gc pha, bin dng cc pha my bin p v bin dng trung
gian cn phi c t u dy ph hp tu thuc vo t u dy ca my bin p. i vi h
thng bo v s dng rle c-in, ngi ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Nu t u dy pha th cp ca tt c BI l ni sao, t u dy ca bin dng trung
gian hng v pha ni sao ca my bin p s ni sao v ngc li, nh minh ho trn hnh v
2.3.
Vic a thm bin dng trung gian ng thi cng x l c dng khng cn bng
gy ra do thnh phn dng th t khng khi trung tnh ca cun dy my bin p ni t m c
ngn mch chm t xy ra trong h thng.
2.2.3. Hm bo v so lch khi ng my bin p khng ti
Tu vo thi im ng my bin p khng ti vi ngun in m tr s ban u ca
dng in t ho my bin p c th ln gp nhiu ln dng in danh nh ca my bin p.
Trng hp xu nht tng ng vi dng t ho ln nht s xy ra khi ng my ct vo thi
im in p ngun c gi tr tc thi qua im 0. Khi qu trnh qu chm dt, dng in t
ho tr li tr s xc lp khong vi phn trm dng danh nh. V dng in t ho qu
(Iinrush) ch chy qua cun dy my bin p ni vi ngun v bin p ang ch khng ti,
nn dng in cun dy cc pha cn li u bng khng. Trong trng hp ny, nu khng
c bin php hm thch hp, bo v so lch c th tc ng nhm do nhn nhn hin tng
14

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

ng my bin p khng ti nh c ngn mch bn trong my bin p. Khi phn tch, ngi ta
thy rng dng t ho li thp MBA khng c dng sin vi thnh phn sng hi bc hai chim
t l ln. Nu thnh phn bc hai c tch ra v a vo tng cng cho dng hm ca bo v
so lch th s ngn chn c tc ng nhm.
2.2.4. Hm bo v so lch khi xy ra bo ho mch t my bin p
Khi lm vic trong h thng, my bin p thng chu nhng in p xung kch, cn
gi l qu in p, c gi tr gp nhiu ln tr s in p nh mc, gy hin tng qu kch.
Nu mch t b bo ho th dng chy qua rle ca bo v so lch s khc khng, rle c nguy
c tc ng nhm. Tng t nh dng in t ho xung kch khi ng MBA khng ti, dng
in chy qua MBA lc b bo ho mch t khng sin, vi t l thnh phn hi bc 5 rt ln.
Ngi ta da vo t l thnh phn dng in hi bc 5 trn dng in tn s c bn (I 5*f/I1*f)
hm, ngn chn tc ng nhm.
2.2.5. Rle tng tr cao
Khi xy ra ngn mch ngoi vng bo v, dng ngn mch qu ln v duy tr c th gy
nn bo ho bin dng, dn n s tc ng nhm ca bo v. m bo tc ng chn lc
ca bo v so lch khi c ngn mch ngoi, ngi ta s dng nguyn l bo v so lch tng tr
cao v trong mt s trng hp ng dng, phng thc ny c nhiu u im hn vic s dng
cun hm. Nguyn l bo v so lch tng tr cao c s dng ch yu i vi thanh gp v
bo v chng chm t hn ch MBA.
xem xt n gin hn vn sai s do bo ho BI, xt trng hp s ch c hai
phn t vi my bin dng c thng s hon ton ging nhau.
Dng s thay th hnh

ca my bin dng, ta c mch ng tr nh sau:

Hnh 2.4. ng tr mch in bo v so lch khi khng co my bin dng b bo ha

15

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 2.5. ng tr mch in bo v so lch khi c my bin dng b bo ha

Trong :

Ri l in tr cun dy ca my bin dng v dy ni trong bo v.

Z l in khng ca mch t ho.

ch bnh thng v ngn mch ngoi, nu cc my bin dng khng b bo ho th

X c tr s kh ln, dng in trong mch t ho nh nn c th b qua. Dng in th cp
khp qua vng 1 v 4. in p t trn rle rt nh. Dng qua rle khi bng khng, rle
khng tc ng.
Nu dng ngn mch ngoi qu ln, bin dng t trn phn t s c b bo ho hon
ton: c th xem khi X 2 = 0, mch th cp ca BI2 coi nh b ni tt, in p t trn rle
rt ln, rle s tc ng sai. khc phc hin tng ny c th thc hin hm bng cch ni
tip vi rle mt in tr b sung Rbs (hay cn gi l in tr n nh) gim dng qua rle.
Khi c thm in tr b sung, dng qua rle lc cha ti ngng, rle s khng tc
ng.

Hnh 2.6.Minh ha rle so lch tng tr cao

Gi tr ca in tr b sung phi c tr s hp l sao cho in p ging trn rle khng
vt qu in p khi ng ca rle. Nu Rbs qu ln, khi ngn mch trong vng bo v,
dng qua rle qu nh, c th di ngng tc ng, rle li khng tc ng.
Dng tc ng ca rle c chn t 5%-20% dng th cp BI, mc d rle c th
khng n nh ngng thp. Nu yu cu ngng cao, mt
in tr Shunt (in tr phi tuyn) c ni song song vi rle v in tr b sung bo v
qu p cho rle.
Cch tnh in tr b sung nh sau :
T hnh 2.5:
VAB= I2.( RD2 + RBI2)
Khi c thm in tr ph nh hnh 2.6:
VR= IR.R
Trong :

R=Rbs+RR
RR - in tr ca rle.
16

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

IR.R

I2.( RD2 + RBI2)

IR - Dng in chy qua rle.

Suy ra R

I2/IR ( RD2 + RBI2)

M Rbs= R- RR v IR.RR = SR/IR, nn:

Rbs = [ VAB - SR/IR] .IR
2.2.6. S c chm t cun dy my bin p
My bin p ni tam gic - sao nh hnh v 18.3. im trung tnh cun dy u sao ni
t qua in tr R. Khi xy ra s c chm t trn mt pha ca cun dy ni sao khong cch
x tnh t im trung tnh, in p ti im s c so vi im trung tnh l :

x.VS
3
Trong VS l in p dy ca pha cun dy c ni sao ca my bin p.
ln dng ngn mch c th tnh theo:

x.VS
R 3
Quy i dng in ny sang pha ni tam gic ca my bin p, Id c gi tr:
Id=

x.VS

x.VS

R 3 Vd 3

Trong Vd l in p dy ca cun dy u tam gic.

Dng Id chy qua cc bin dng pha cun tam gic, trong khi do im ngn mch
nm pha trc ca cc BI pha cun u sao (hay ni cch khc cc BI ny khng nhn ra s
c) nn cc BI pha cun u sao khng h cung cp dng cho rle.
Dng qua rle trong trung hp ny ch do BI pha cun tam gic cung cp I r =

x 2 .V 2 S
, nu
3RVd

ta xt pha th cp th gi tr ny cn qui i theo t s bin dng tng ng

Ir =

x 2 .V 2S
3RVd

1
, vi k l t s bin dng pha ni tam gic.
k

Nh vy dng qua rle ph thuc gi tr in tr R, nu R c gi tr kh ln v d 1pu

v vi gi thit t dng khi ng ca rle l 0,2In th rle ch c th nhy bo v
khong 40% cun dy my bin p (nhng s c ri vo vng t 0-40% ca cun dy tnh t
trung tnh s c dng s c qu nh, rle khng nhy pht hin).
2.3. Rle s bo v so lch
Thay v s dng bin dng trung gian hoc u ni cc BI cho ph hp, trong cc rle
s, vic iu chnh bin , iu chnh gc lch pha, iu chnh t s bin i, u thc hin
bng phn mm. Chnh v vy t hp cch ni dy ca my bin p lc v cc bin dng c th
tu .
17

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Tuy nhin, trang 3-39 Areva P632 Technical Manual a ra mt cu hnh chun: tt c
cc BI c ni sao khng ph thuc vo t u dy ca cc cun dy s cp v th cp my
bin p lc. Cch iu chnh bin v gc pha (trang 3-95, 3-115) c p dng cho cu hnh
chun ny. Nu thay i cch ni ca bin dng, th cch iu chnh vct cng phi thay i.
2.3.1. iu chnh bin
Cch iu chnh bin v xc nh h s iu chnh bin c a ra trong trang
3-97 Areva P632 Technical Manual . Vic iu chnh bin c th gii thch n gin qua v
d sau:

Hnh 2.7. iu chnh bin

Gi s my bin p c cng sut nh mc danh nh l S ref, in p danh nh cc pha U1/U2.
Dng in c s (c rle tnh ton) cc pha l:
I1 =

S ref
3U 1

, I2 =

S ref
3U 2

Dng th cp ca bin dng:

IT1 =

I1
I
, IT2 = 2
I S1
IS2

Trong : IS1, IS2, l dng danh nh s cp ca cc my bin dng tng ng. Khi h thng
cn bng IT1= IT2 . Nu nhn ITi vi cc h s k1, k2 trong :
k1 =
khi :

I S1
I
, k2 = S 2
I1
I2

IT1. k1 = IT2 .k2 =1

k1, k2 gi l h s iu chnh bin cc pha ca my bin p. Rle ch vic nhn h s ny

vi dng th cp ca bin dng v em kt qu thu c ra so snh. H s iu chnh ny
phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y:
k 5

k max
k min

3 kmin 0,7

2.3.2 iu chnh gc lch pha

18

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

iu chnh gc lch pha nhm a dng in hai pha s v th cp my bin p i vo rle

trng pha nhau. Vic ny c thc hin bng cch quay vect dng in th cp theo vect
dng in s cp, tu theo t ni dy ca bin p c bo v.

Hnh 2.8 iu chnh bin .

Phn mm ca rle tnh ton Is2a bng qu trnh nh minh ho trn hnh 18.8. Thng tin ci t
duy nht c a vo rle l t ni dy ca my bin p, vi quy nh pha c hai pha my
bin p cng c ni theo cu hnh chun. C 11 nhm vect, c a ra t trang 3-101 ti
3-103 trong Areva P632 Technical Manual. Vic thc hin iu chnh gc pha hon ton khng
c thc hin pha s cp (pha in p cao).
2.3.3 X l dng in th t khng

HT

I1
I2
I0

I1
I2

I1
I2
I0

I0
R

R le

Hnh 2.9. Lc thnh phn th t khng

Gi s cun dy s cp my bin p c ni sao, im trung tnh c ni t. Khi c
s c chm t ngoi vng bo v, thnh phn dng th t khng s khp mch thng qua ni
t trung tnh. Pha cn li ca my bin p ni tam gic nn dng th t khng ch chy qun
bn trong m khng i qua cc BI. iu ny gy nn dng khng cn bng (dng so lch) trong
rle. Kt qu l rle s tc ng sai. Do cn phi loi tr dng th t khng bn pha s cp
bng cch dng b lc. Thnh phn dng th t khng c xc nh t tng cc dng pha
c iu chnh v bin .
19

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Nu pha th cp ni sao, nh my bin p trong b m phng, b lc thnh phn dng

th t khng cng phi c s dng. Minh ho nh trn hnh 2.9.
Khi ngn mch chm t trong vng pha ni sao, cc thnh phn I 1, I2, I0 ca dng s c i
vo t. Bn pha s cp dng I1, I2 tn ti t ngun n i qua cc bin dng. V khng c
dng in qua cc bin dng pha th cp my bin p, nn rle tc ng ct.
Khi ngn mch chm t ngoi vng pha ni sao, c ba thnh phn I 1, I2, I0 u i
qua bin dng pha th cp, nhng ch c thnh phn I 1, I2 qua bin dng pha s cp. Do
tn ti dng khng cn bng tn ti trong rle, kt qu l rle tc ng sai. trnh rle tc
ng nhm trong trng hp ny, cn phi lc dng th t khng bn pha th cp ca my
bin p. Nu pha th cp my bin p c ni tam gic, dng th t khng t ng c loi
b.
2.3.4. c tnh tc ng ca rle s
Sau khi c iu chnh v bin v gc pha, tng dng in tt c cc pha my bin p
a vo rle u bng khng trong ch vn hnh bnh thng v cc iu kin khc l l
tng. Khi c ngn mch trong vng ca bo v so lch, tng dng in cc pha khc khng,
dng ny c gi l dng so lch Id .
Tuy nhin, trong thc t, dng so lch tn ti ngay c trong trng hp vn hnh bnh thng
ch yu do nh hng ca cc yu t nh dng t ho my bin p lc (dng in khng ti),
sai s ca my bin dng v vic thay i u phn p trong qu trnh iu chnh in p.
Trong khi dng t ho c xc nh bi mc in p ca h thng v do c th xem nh
bng hng s, khng ph thuc vo ti, sai s bin i ca cc my bin dng in li l hm
s ca dng in i qua pha
s cp bin dng. Gi tr ngng ca bo v so lch my bin p do khng c thc hin
nh ngng dng so lch c nh, n c nh dng nh mt hm s ca dng hm I R. Dng
hm thay i theo gi tr dng in qua my bin p c bo v. Hm Id=f(I R) m t c tnh
tc ng ca bo v.
c tnh tc ng ca bo v so lch c minh ho trong hnh 2.10.

20

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Id
I ref

8.00

6.00
Vng tc
ng

4.00

0,7
m

2.00

m1
Id
I ref

0,3
I R ,m 2
I ref

0,2
0.00

2.00

4.00

Vng khng
tc ng

4,0
6.00

8.00

IR
I ref

Hnh 2.10. c tnh tc ng ca bo v so lch

Dng so lch c nh ngha bng tng vect dng in ( c iu chnh) pha s
cp v th cp ca my bin p.
Dng hm c nh ngha bng mt na tng i s cc dng in pha s v th cp
ca my bin p.
Khi dng i n im s c t c hai pha (cao v h) bng nhau c v bin v pha,
hai dng ny s trit tiu ln nhau, v dng in hm bng khng, hiu ng hm do b trit
tiu. y l mt kt qu mong mun v trong trng hp ny nhy ca bo v so lch l ln
nht.
Phn u ca c tnh tc ng l vng c nhy ln nht vi gi tr ngng so lch
c th chn thp nht. Ngng 0,2 c la chn da theo dng t ho ca my bin p, dng
ny tn ti trong ch khng ti v thng nh hn 5% dng danh nh my bin p. Phn
u ca c tnh tc ng i ngang n khi gp c tnh s c trong trng hp h thng c
ngun cp t mt pha.
Phn th hai ca c tnh tc ng khng ch da vo dng t ho my bin p m cn
da vo dng so lch do sai s bin i ca cc my bin dng.
im gp th hai ca c tnh tc ng xc nh kt thc vng qu ti cho php theo hng
tng ca dng hm khi khng c s c. N c th bng 4 ln dng danh nh trong trng hp
vn hnh no , v d nh khi mt my bin p vn hnh song song b s c. Do , im gp
th hai c th c t (Ir, m2) mc nh bng 4I c s.
2.3.5. Bo v chng chm t hn ch
Nh nu trn, bnh thng ngi ta khng th bo v c ton b cun dy my bin p
bng chc nng bo v so lch 87T. gim vng cht khi xut hin cc s c chm t ti
21

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

cc vng dy gn im trung tnh cun dy ni Y0, ngi ta b sung thm chc nng bo v
chng chm t hn ch nh c m t trn hnh 2.11.
Vng bo v

REF

Hnh 2.11. Bo v chng chm t hn ch.

Khi xy ra ngn mch chm t ngoi vng bo v, dng in tng ca 3 bin dng trn 3 pha
s cn bng vi dng in ca bin dng ti dy trung tnh ni t. Do , tt c cc bin dng
phi c cng t s bin i. Khi xy ra ngn mch chm t trong vng bo v,
s xut hin dng in th t khng khp mch qua trung tnh ni t ca my bin p v dng
in th t khng cc pha khp mch qua trung tnh ni t ca my bin p pha sau my
bin p c bo v, do tn ti dng in khng cn bng trong rle. Rle c th ci t
ngng thp, bng 10% dng nh mc MBA, v h thng ny khng b nh hng bi cc yu
t bt li nh i vi chc nng 87T bo v chnh ca my bin p. C th s dng rle tng
tr cao ngn chn dng khng cn bng gy ra do cc bin dng b bo ho.
Bn pha cun tam gic cng c th s dng bo v chng chm t hn ch nh bn cun sao,
khi ni t c thc hin qua my to trung tnh. S dng in d (dng in TTK) n
gin c ni vo cc ng dy bn pha cun tam gic nh hnh 2.12.
Vng bo v

Ngun

REF

Hnh 2.12. Bo v chng chm t hn ch bn cun dy ni tam gic.

Dng in d (dng th t khng) s i qua cc ng dy ngun cp ti cun tam gic
khi c s c trong cun dy ny.

22

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

d phng cho bo v chng chm t hn ch, bo v d phng chm t c t

dy trung tnh ni t. y l rle qu dng (IDMT) vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc phi
c phi hp vi cc rle IDMT khc trong h thng.
2.2.6. ng dng rle Areva P632 cho chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch
Rle s nh P632, c th c s dng bo v chng chm t hn ch nh minh
ho trn hnh 18.11. Do c thc hin hm bng phn mn nn s so lch c s dng
khng yu cu c in tr b sung. Hm ca c tnh bo v c xc nh bng cch so snh
tng dng in cc pha IN ca cc dng in pha cun dy my bin p vi dng in im
trung tnh IY.
P632 tnh ton trong phn mm ca n tng vect ca cc dng in cc pha. Dng hai pha
a vo bo v so lch phi c iu chnh bin , nhng khng cn phi iu chnh vct.
H s iu chnh bin cng c tnh ton nh nu trong bo v so lch bng cng thc:
kamNb=Inom.b/IrefNb v kamYb=Inom.Yb/IrefNb
H s b phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y:
k 5;

k max
k min

3; kmin 0,5

c tnh tc ng c minh ha trn hnh 18.13. Ngng dng in I dN bng vi bin

ca tng vect cc dng in nhn c sau khi iu chnh bin I amNb , IamYb. Dng in
hm, IRNb bng vi bin ca dng in tnh ton I amNb.
Id , N
I ref

8.00

6.00
Vng tc
ng

05
1,0

4.00

2.00
Vng khng
tc ng

Id , N
I ref

0,2
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

IR ,N
I ref

Hnh 2.13. c tnh tc ng ca bo v chng chm t hn ch.

III. NI DUNG TH NGHIM
3.1 Gii thiu s lc v rle P632
23

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

P632 c thit k bo v cho my bin p, ng c v my pht in. Cc chc

nng khc c tch hp trong P632 lm nhim v d phng nh bo v qu dng, qu ti
nhit, qu kch thch, chng h hng my ct. Rle s P632 c cc chc nng chnh nh sau:
-

Bo v so lch 3 pha vi i tng bo v 2 cun dy.

iu chnh gc pha v iu chnh bin .

Lc dng th t khng cho mi cun dy, c th khng hot ng.

c tnh hm dc ba on.

Hm b sung theo hi bc hai, tu theo ng dng, c th khng hot ng.

Hm qu t thng theo hi bc nm, c th khng hot ng.

Tng n nh vi b pht hin bo ho.

Bo v chng chm t hn ch.

Bo v qu dng thi gian c lp.

Bo v qu dng thi gian ph thuc.

Bo v qu ti nhit.

Bo v tn s.

Bo v in p.

Gim st gi tr ti hn.

Lp trnh logic.

Ngi s dng c th chn tng chc nng ring bit trong cu hnh ca thit b hoc
khng s dng theo yu cu. Tu theo cu hnh, ngi s dng c th thay i thit b mt
cch linh ng cho ph hp yu cu bo v trong mi ng dng ring bit.
Ngoi ra, P632 cn c mt s chc nng khc na.
3.2 S ni dy

24

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 2.14. S ni dy trong bi th nghim

3.3 Gii thiu v my bin p c bo v v h thng bo v
GTX l my bin p 3 pha 5kVA, 415/220V c t u Dy11. im sao ca cun th
cp my bin p c th c ni t.
S u ni ca my bin p v rle c minh ho trn hnh 18.15. Cc ca bin
dng c nh du bng chm nh. Khng c my bin dng trung gian iu chnh v bin
v gc lch pha ca dng in tun hon gia cc bin dng. Rle t cn bng thng qua
cc tnh ton da trn t s bin i ca cc bin dng, in p v t ni dy ca my bin p.
iu ny lm h thng tr nn n gin hn, nhng yu cu thng tin khai bo cho rle phi
chnh xc.
Rle c mt s phn t b sung cho bo v so lch chnh trong trng hp s c pha v
s c chm t. Nhng phn t ny dng lm bo v d phng. Mc d phng th nht l REF
(Restricted Earth Fault Protecton) - bo v chng chm t hn ch bn pha ni sao (pha in
p thp) ca my bin p. Bo v chng chm t hn ch khng bo v c ton b cun dy
bn pha ni sao khi c s c cc vng dy gn im trung tnh. Mc d phng th hai l bo
v d phng chm t Standby Earth Fault. y l mt rle qu dng vi thi gian tc ng
tng i ln. Ngoi ra cn c mt rle qu dn g khc pha trc rle so lch d phng
cho trng hp c s c pha h thng, dng s c trong trng hp ny c th khp mch
qua my bin p.
Mt rle qu dng P122 c t pha th cp my bin p, ngoi vng bo v ca
bo v so lch chnh. T s bin ca rle P122 l 10/1. Rle ny phi hp thi gian vi cc
rle P142 trong h thng phn phi v s dng.
Rle qu dng P122 l rle n gin nht trong thit b m phng. Sch hng dn k
thut ca loi rle qu dng ny rt r rng. V s n gin so vi cc rle khc, nn tm hiu
25

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

trc tin v P122. Trong khi tt nht l truy cp cc rle khc qua cng trc v thay i cc
thng s trong PC vi phn mm S1, Menu ca P122 kh n gin v c th truy cp d dng
bng cc phm pha trc mt.
Tt c cc rle ni trn khi tc ng u ct my ct CB1 v CB2.
BI1

BI2

HT

P632
51N

51

87T, 87N

Hnh 2.15. My bin p v h thng bo v ca n.

3.4 Ci t
Rle so lch l loi rle c Setting Menu phc tp nht trong thit b m phng.
REF2, IMDT2 dng cho pha ni tam gic (a), IDMT1 dng cho pha ni sao (b) ca MBA.
IDMT2 dng cho chm t d phng. IDMT1 cho qu dng d phng pha s cp my bin p.
Cc chc nng c truy cp nh sau:

Rle s t tnh h s iu chnh bin nhng cc h s ny cng phi c tnh trc

m bo chng nm trong gii hn cho php. V rle P632 c sn xut s dng thc t
trong cng nghip nn gi tr khai bo cng sut c s S ref nh nht bng 100kVA, chnh v
26

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

vy chng ta khng th ci t cng sut tht ca MBA trn b m phng (5kVA) vo rle
c m s la chn cc gi tr sau:
Sref = 0,40 MVA
Vnom.a = 0,40 kV
Vnom.b = 0,20 kV
T ta c :
Ia = 400000/( 3

400 ) = 577 A

Ib = 400000/( 3

200 ) = 1154 A

Nu t s bin dng l 1000/1 v 700/1 thay v 10/1 v 7/1 ca thc t:

ka = 1000/1154 = 0,8665
kb = 700/577 = 1,2124
Nhng gi tr ny nm trong di gi tr cho php.
Dng ct : Itrip = 20% 1 A/1,2124 = 0,165 A khi khng lc thnh phn dng in th t khng.
Cc rle c ci t nh sau:
3.4.1. Ci t cho bo v so lch DIFF
Config.parameters/DIFF/Function Group DIFF and enable by entering with
Parameters/Function Parameters/Global/MAIN
Protection enabled

Yes

Inom C.T.prim.,end a

700 A

Inom C.T.prim.,end b

1000 A

Inom C.T.Yprim.,end b

700 A

Inom device,end a

1A

Inom device,end b

1A

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh

Function Parameters/ General Functions/MAIN

Vnom prim.,end a

0.40kV

Vnom prim.,end b

0.20kV

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh

Function Parameters/General Functions/DIFF

General enable USER

Yes

Reference power Sref

0.40 MVA

Ref.curr.Iref,a

Not measured (0.577 kA) (******)

Ref.curr.Iref,b

Not measured (1.154 kA) (******)

27

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Matching fact.Kam,a

Not measured (1.2124 kA) (******)

Matching fact.Kam,b

Not measured (0.8665 kA) (******)

Vector grp.ends a-b

11

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh

(******) l gi tr c rle t tnh

Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ DIFF

Enable

Yes

Idiff>

PS1

0.20 Iref

m1

PS1

0.3

m2

PS1

0.7

Ir, m2

PS1

4.0 Iref

0-seq.filt.B.enable.

Yes

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh

3.4.2. Ci t cho bo v chng chm t hn ch REF2

T s bin dng pha ni t l 700/1
Function Parameters/General Functions/REF2
General enable USER

Yes

Select.Meas.Input

End b

Reference power Sref

0.40 MVA

Ref.curr.Iref,a

Not measured (1.154 kA) (******)

Matching fact.Kam,a

Not measured (0.8665 kA) (******)

Matching fact.Kam,b

Not measured (0.6066kA) (******)

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
(******) l gi tr c rle t tnh
3.4.3. Bo v chm t d phng
Thi gian tc ng ca bo v chm t d phng c vi giy.
Function Parameters/General Functions/IDM2
General enable USER

Yes

Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ IDMT2

Enable

Yes

Ireff, P

Blocked

Ireff, P dynamic

Blocked
28

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Ireff, N

0.2 Inom

Ireff, N dynamic

0.2 Inom

Characteristic N

Standard Inverse

Factor kt, N

1.2s

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
3.4.4. Ci t cho bo v qu dng pha s cp MBA, IDMT1
Bo v qu dng pha s cp MBA lm nhim v d phng cho bo v so lch.
Function Parameters/General Functions/IDMT1
General enable USER

Yes

Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ IDMT1

Enable

Yes

Rush restr.enable

Yes

Iref, P

1.0 Inom

Ireff, P dynamic

1.0 Inom

Characteristic P

Standard Inverse

Factor kt, P

0.07s

Min Trip Time

0.05 seconds

Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
3.5. Trnh t th nghim
Trong qu trnh th nghim, m bo an ton chng ta lun to s c ngn mch thng qua
my ct c hn ch thi gian (Timer CB) v cn t l 0,25s.
3.5.1. S c pha
To s c pha - pha v pha - t ti im TP1 trong vng ca bo v so lch. S dng tr
khng 9,6 khi to s c hn ch dng ngn mch. Kim tra cc ci t i hi vn hnh
cc rle trn 3 pha.
Thng s ci t ca rle khng nn gim di 20% dng in nh mc ca rle gi c
s n nh trong thi gian s c. Trong thi gian s c, c th kim tra n nh bng cch to
s c ngoi vng bo v so lch, line 2, nhng phi m bo bo v Grid Bus Protection
c t chnh xc.
3.5.2. S c chm t trong cun dy ca my bin p
A - Kho rle chng chm t hn ch, kho rle d phng. Rle qu dng bn pha s cp
my bin p c thi gian tc ng 0,3s. N c chc nng d phng cho so lch. To s c
chm t TP1 qua tr khng 9,6 . Rle so lch s tc ng.
29

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

B - Cun sao c hai im th nghim ni t: chng c ly ra t im 20% v 40% s

vng dy ca cun sao tnh t im trung tnh. To s c chm t hai im ny thng qua
tr khng 9,6 . Rle so lch s khng tc ng.
Nu mun rle tc ng ta phi thay tr khng 9,6 bng mt gi tri khc, c th tnh ton
c. Vi im 20% R= 1,35 , vi im 40% R= 5,41 .
Nu mun, ta c th tng hoc gim gi tr in tr kim tra l thuyt trn. S dng tr
khng 3 , vi im 33%. Khi gi tr in tr qu nh, s rt kh xc nh bin gia tc
ng v khng tc ng. Th nghim tng t c th thc hin i vi bo v chng chm t
hn ch vi mt gi tr in tr cao hn c th s thuyt phc hn. Lu rng tr khng 9,6
khng c s dng trong trng hp ny.
C - Bo v chng chm t hn ch
V rle so lch khng th tc ng hiu qu i vi chm t 20% cc vng dy u tin, rle
chng chm t hn ch c ci t khc phc iu ny.
Tn hiu dng cung cp cho phn t chng chm t hn ch ly t dy ni t ca cun sao
pha th cp bin p.
Ngng dng in c tnh nh sau:
I= Id*Inom/kama= 0,2*1A/0.6066 = 0,33A hay = 2,2A bn pha s cp
Suy ra gi tr ca in tr ni t l:
2,3 A= 124V/R*20% hoc 40% tu im chm t.
Gi tr thc t ca in p th cp thng thp hn gi tr danh nh khong 3% do s st p
khi xy ra s c. iu ny gy nn s tng in tr i vi c bo v so lch v hn ch.
R=11

vi Tap A 20%.

R=22

vi Tap B 40%.

Nu c so lch v hn ch khng tc ng, rle qu dng d phng s tc ng, nhng s tc

ng sau RGT khi s c TP1. Thi gian vn hnh d phng hay khng hn ch khong 10s.
3.5.3. Khai bo sai vi rle
- Khai bo t u dy 2 pha my bin p sai cho rle: pha s cp ni sao, pha th cp ni tam
gic. To s c TP1. Rle s tc ng sai.
- Gim vng hm xung nh nht c th. Cho ngn mch ngoi vng ti TP2. Bo v s tc
ng.
- Nu khai t u dy ca BI sai: Opposite (khng phi Standard) th vi iu kin bnh thng
bo v so lch tc ng.
- Khng loi tr dng th t khng v cho ngn mch chm t pha 110kV (hay pha ni sao).
IV. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM
1. Mc ch th nghim
2. Cc thng s ci t c bn trong th nghim
3. Nhn xt v hot ng ca rle
30

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

BI TH NGHIM S 3

NGUYN L BO V KHONG CCH

CHO NG DY TI IN
I. MC CH TH NGHIM
1. Tm hiu v nguyn l bo v khong cch
2. ng dng ci t cho rle s MiCOM P442
II. C S L THUYT
Bo v khong cch ca cc ng dy ti in c th coi l bo v c chn lc
tuyt i hoc bo v c chn lc tng i. Tc ng ca bo v khong cch gn nh
ng thi vi thi im pht hin s c nhng ging nh bo v qu dng ngng tc ng
ca n c th m rng sang cc vng khc. Ni chung bo v khong cch c xem nh bo
v c chn lc tng i bi v khng c s so snh cc i lng cc u ca phn t
c bo v.
2.1. Nguyn l tng tr
Nguyn l o tng tr c dng pht hin s c trn h thng ti in hoc my
pht in b mt ng b hay mt kch thch. i vi cc h thng truyn ti, tng tr o c
ti ch t bo v trong ch lm vic bnh thng bng tng tr ton b ng dy pha sau
cng vi ph ti:
Zo = Zdy + Zph ti
Gi tr tng tr ny cao hn nhiu so vi tng tr o c trong ch s c. Bnh
thng Zpti thng ln hn nhiu so vi Zdy, nn tng tr o c ph thuc vo gc pha v
tr s ca dng in ph ti. Trn mt phng phc, khi ph ti thay i, vect tng tr o c
s thay i gc nghing ca n.
Khi c ngn mch trn ng dy, tng tr o c bng tng tr ng dy t rle
n ch s c. Nh vy tng tr o c nh i so vi lc bnh thng, v nghing ca
vect tng tr s gim i.
Khi ngn mch qua in tr trung gian (thng l do in tr ca h quang pht sinh ti
ch ngn mch), gc nghing ca vect tng tr gim i nhng tng tr o c c tr s ln
hn.
Dng n gin nht ca rle khong cch gm mt b phn thc hin vic o tng tr
ti ch t bo v (bng thng ca in p ti ch t bo v vi dng in ph ti sau khi
c a qua cc BU, BI). Hnh 17.1 minh ho chc nng ny bng vic s dng loi rle in
c. Thanh cn bng s chuyn ng sang pha tay phi ng tip im a n ct my ct,
lc :

V
ZR

I hoc

V
I

ZR

Nh vy, rle khong cch ch tc ng khi tng tr ca ng dy t ch t rle ti

ch s c nh hn gi tr tng tr khi ng. Ngi ta mong mun t gi tr tng tr khi
31

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

ng bng vi tng tr ca ng dy c bo v. Tuy nhin, do sai s ca cc mch o

lng, ca bn thn rle nn iu ny khng th thc hin c.
Xt ng dy c chiu di 20km vi tng tr trn mt n v chiu di l 0,37 .
Tng tr t ch t rle ti cui ng dy l: ZL=20.0,37=7,4 . Sai s 1% s tng ng vi
chiu di: 1/100.20=200m. Do , khi c s c trong phm vi 200m u tin ca ng dy s
gy nn hin tng tc ng vt phm vi bo v. iu ny l khng th chp nhn c. Do
, thng thng gi tr tng tr khi ng ca vng th nht ch bao trm khong 80% chiu
di ng dy c bo v.
Tuy nhin, cc b so snh kiu bin khng c c tnh hng. Khi dng in i t
thanh gp vo ng dy hoc t ng dy ti thanh gp th rle u hot ng. Do , cn
phi thm b phn nh hng cng sut. Rle khong cch vi c tuyn khi ng MHO
kt hp ng thi c b phn o khong cch v b phn nh hng cng sut. Rle MHO
khng n gin so snh V/I vi ZR m so snh (V/I-ZR) hay (ZF-ZR) vi ZR. ZR l tng tr t
ca rle. ZF l tng tr s c. Ngng khi ng ca rle xy ra khi (Z F-ZR)=ZR v qu tch
ngng khi ng l mt ng trn bn knh ZR (Hnh 17.2).
im ngng
Rle khong cch

ng dy 20 km
V.T.
DR
80%

u ng dy
My bin dng
ng dy c bo v

X
My bin in p

Tng tr ng dy

Rle khong cch

R

c tnh rle
trn mt phng Z

Hnh 3.1. Chc nng ca rle khong cch

32

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
X

ZFR
-Z
ZR
ZF

Hnh 3.2. Qu tch ngng khi ng

Gc pha gia hai i lng ZF v (2ZR-ZF) c so snh nh hnh 17.3. Ngng khi
ng tng ng vi =90 o. Rle s hot ng khi > 90o .
Rle tnh v rle s thc hin vic so snh pha. Trong nhng rle ny, c hai i lng u
vo l S1 v S2, trong :
S1

S2

I.Zn

I l dng in s c. Zn l tng tr t ca rle v bng 2ZR.

X

2ZR-ZF

2Z R

ZF

= Gc c tnh ca rle
= Gc ng dy
R

Hnh 3.3. So snh gc pha gia hai i lng.

Mt s trng hp ngn mch khng phi trc tip m thng qua in tr trung gian
(thng di dng h quang). in tr qu ti ch ngn mch lm tng tr s tng tr o c
v gim gc pha ca vect tng tr. Yu t tng tng tr o c lm cho rle khong cch cm

33

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

nhn im ngn mch xa hn thc t v c th lm tng thi gian lm vic ca bo v. Ngi ta

khc phc iu ny bng cch dng rle in khng ch o in khng ca ng dy.
Ngy nay, rle in khng c thay th bng rle c c tuyn hnh t gic (Hnh
17.4). Hu ht cc rle s th h mi u s dng dng c tuyn ny. Vi c tuyn ny,
ngi ta c th t ngng in tr v in khng mt cch c lp. Ngoi ra, c tuyn in
khng ca vng 1 v 2 c th dao ng v im ngng b nh hng ca dng ti trc s
c v lm chnh xc cc kt qu o vng 1. Rle khong cch thng c ba vng tc ng cho
pha trc v mt vng cho pha sau (Hnh 17.5).
2.2. S ba vng tc ng
Nhng rle khong cch kinh t nht ch bao gm cc b phn o vng 1. Nhng b
phn ny s tc ng tc thi (t 0).
V l do sai s ca cc phn t trong h thng bo v nn vng th nht ca bo v
khong cch bao trm khong 80% - 85% chiu di ng dy c bo v. bo v nt
20% chiu di cn li ca ng dy, trong cc rle khong cch c thm b phn khi ng
m rng vng tc ng ti cui ng dy tip theo. B phn khi ng khng tc ng ct
ngay m s khi ng b nh thi gian v thng ch tc ng sau 0,4s vi ngng m rng
ca b phn o, nu cc rle pha sau vn cha lm vic.
Qu trnh m rng vng tc ng s lm tng ngng ca b phn o ti 120-150%
chiu di ng dy. Vng 2 ny s bao trm 20% chiu di cn li ca ng dy v phn
u ca ng dy tip theo. Khi xy ra ngn mch trn phn u ca ng dy B trong vng
1 ca rle khong cch RZB, bo v s ct my ct MCB vi thi gian t 0. Nu vng 1 ca rle
RZB t chi tc ng th vng 2 ca rle RZ A tc ng ct my ct MCA vi thi gian t A . Nh
vy, RZA lm nhim v d phng cho RZB.

34

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 3.4. c tuyn hnh t gic.

Vng 3

400 ms

200 ms
Vng 2
120%
A

0-60 ms

80%

Vng 1

Hnh 3.5. Bo v khong cch ba vng tc ng.

Nguyn l tng tr c th c s dng bo v li in phc tp c nhiu ngun
vi hnh dng bt k. Tuy nhin mt s yu t c th nh hng n s o ca b phn khong
cch nh sai s ca my bin dng in, bin in p, in tr qu ti ch ngn mch, h s
phn b dng in trong nhnh b s c vi dng in qua ch t bo v v c bit l qu
trnh dao ng in.
2.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti s lm vic ca rle khong cch
2.3.1. Sai s ca my bin dng in, my bin p
Gi thit b phn o tng tr c u vo in p pha v dng in pha (hoc in p
dy v hiu s dng in cc pha tng ng):
Tng tr o c trn cc ca rle bng:
ZR= UR/IR= (U/nU)/(I/nI)= (nU/nI).(U/I)
Trong : U, I tng ng l in p v dng in pha s cp.
nI, nU t s bin i ca my bin dong in v my bin in p.
Trong trng hp my bin dng v bin p l l tng, cc h s bin i nU, nI l hng s v
nU/nI = nZ = const.
Trong nZ l t s bin i ca tng tr:
nZ=(U/I)/ZR= Z/ZR
Z - tng tr pha s cp ca rle.
Trong trng hp my bin dng v my bin p c sai s nI, nU, nZ const, ngha l tng tr
(hay khong cch) m rle o c khng phn nh trung thc tng tr pha s cp, tc l tng
tr ca ng dy b s c.
2.3.2. in tr qu ti ch ngn mch
Mt s trng hp khng phi ngn mch trc tip m thng qua in tr trung gian
(thng dng h quang). in tr qu ti ch ngn mch lm tng tr s tng tr o c
v gim gc pha ca vect tng tr. Yu t tng tng tr o c lm cho rle khong cch
cm nhn im ngn mch xa hn thc t v c th lm tng thi gian lm vic ca bo v gy
hin tng co vng tc ng. Chng hn khi ngn mch xy ra gn cui vng 1 nhng v rle
35

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

khong cch o c tng tr ln hn, c th cm nhn nh s c xy ra u vng II v tc

ng vi thi gian cp II.
in tr h quang in mang tnh tc dng v c th c xc nh theo cng thc Warrington:
Rhq= 2870.Lhq/IN1,4
hoc theo cng thc gn ng:
Rhq= 2.Lhq/INmin
2.3.3. H s phn b dng in
S o tng tr vng II v vng III ca rle khong cch c th chu nh hng ca h
s phn b dng (ngha l s khc nhau gia dng in chy qua ch t bo v v dng in
trn nhnh ng dy b s c).
IAB

IBN

IFB

RZ
ZAB
IAB

ZBN
B

IBN

IBN

RZ

Hnh v 3.6. nh hng ca h s phn b dng in KI .

a - KI > 1: ZR > Zthc t ; b - KI < 1: ZR < Zthc t
Tng tr ca rle khong cch t u A ca ng dy AB o c khi ngn mch 3 pha
trc tip xy ra trn ng dy BC tip theo bng :
ZR=

U R U A U AB U BN I AB .Z AB I BN .Z BN
=
=
=
= Z AB
I R I AB
I AB
I AB

I BN
Z BN
I AB

ZR= ZAB+kI.ZBN
Trong : kI =

I BN
I AB

Khi h s phn b dng kI 1, tng tr ZR m rle khong cch o c khc vi tng tr thc
t t ch t bo v n ch ngn mch (Z AN=ZAB+ZBN).
36

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

i vi s hnh v 17.6a, ngun in ni vo thanh ci B lm cho I BN > IAB v kI > 1,

ngha l rle s o c mt tng tr ln hn tng tr thc t ZAN.
i vi s hnh v 17.6b, s c mt ca ng dy th hai song song vi
ng dy s c lm r mch dng in t ngun n ch ngn mch (I BN= IAB IBN) nn kI
< 1, ngha l rle s o c mt tng tr b hn tng tr thc t ZAN.
Vi li in c cu hnh phc tp, h s phn b dng c th thay i theo ch lm vic
ca li in, khi im ngn mch nm cng xa ch t bo v khong cch nh hng ca h
s phn b dng in cng ln. V vy thng thng bo v khong cch ch c chnh nh
vi 3 vng tc ng. Vng th II v c bit l vng th III chu nh hng mnh ca h s
phn b dng in.
2.3.4. Dao ng in
Khi xy ra nhng bin ng ln v cng sut trong h thng, cc vect sc in ng c th c
tc quay khc nhau v khc vi tc ng b gy ra hin tng dao ng dng in v
in p trong h thng, hin tng ny c gi l dao ng in.

R
Qu o ca UR

Qu o ca UT
EA

UTmin=0

URmin

wA

wB

Tm dao ng
Qu o ca EB

Hnh 3.7. Dao ng in trong h thng.

Khi xy ra dao ng w A wB wb, gc lch pha gia hai vect EA v EB s bin i
theo thi gian, khi > 1200 thng khng kh nng gi ng b, s thay i thnh nhiu
chu trnh 3600.
Nu ly EA lm chun nhn s chuyn ng tng i ca EB so vi E A, EB s v nn
qu o mt vng trn vi tm gc E B v bn knh bng EB .
Khi c dao ng in, rle o c in p v dng in thay i lin tc. Khi hai sc
in ng lch nhau n 1800, in p gim rt thp m dng in li rt ln (c th cao hn
dng ngn mch), rle c th s tc ng v cm nhn nh c ngn mch trn ng dy. Do
phi phn bit s khc bit gia dao ng in v ngn mch.
pht hin dao ng ( kho bo v khong cch khi c dao ng in) c th cn
c vo tc bin thin tng tr o c. Khi dao ng in, dng in v in p ti ch t
bo v bin thin vi tc gii hn, cn khi ngn mch hu nh cc i lng ny bin thin
37

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

dZ
, trong trng hp ngn mch tr s
dt
ny tin ti v cng cn khi dao ng in cc o hm ny c tr s hu hn.
tc thi. Nu ly o hm theo thi gian ca tng tr

Khi ngn mch, tng tr s c lt ngay vo vng tc ng, cn khi dao ng tng tr
o c chuyn ng theo qu o dao ng v i vo cc vng tc ng.
2.3.5. Cm ng gia cc dy khi b s c
Khi s c ngn mch chm t xy ra trn ng dy nhiu mch nh mch kp, vn hnh
song song, do tc ng tng h th t khng ca cc ng dy, bo v khong cch c th
o sai gi tr ca in tr. Tc ng tng h th t thun v nghch khng nh hng ln n
mch o tng tr ca bo v.
2.3.6. B vi s c chm t
i vi cc s c ba pha hoc hai pha chm nhau, b phn o khong cch c th thc
hin vic o tng tr mt cch d dng. Tng tr ny cng c coi l tng tr th t thun Z 1

Z seen

Va
Ia

Vb
Ib

Z1

i vi cc s c chm t, vic xc nh Z seen khc so vi s c pha-pha. Dng in

trong mch s c ph thuc vo tng tr ca mch s c, phng thc ni t, s im ni t
v cc tng tr th t ca mch s c.
in p ti im t rle c xc nh theo cng thc:

Va

I1 .Z L1

I2 .ZL2

Io .ZLo

Dng in trong mch vng s c c xc nh nh sau:

Ia

I1

I2

Io

V dng in d IN ti im t rle c cho bi:

IN

Ia

Ib

Ic

3Io

Trong : Ia, Ib, Ic l dng in pha ti im t rle.

T cc biu thc trn, ta c phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia in p V a v cc dng
in Ia, Ib, Ic nh sau:

Va
Trong : K=

ZL1 Ia

(Ia

Ib

Ic ).

K 1
3

ZLo
ZL1

Biu thc trn cho thy nu t l K N

ca dng in d IN c cng vo dng

in Ia th tng tr o c s khng ph thuc vo ng dy v s ni t. Hu ht cc rle

khong cch thc hin b i vi cc s c chm t bng vic a thm vo mt tng tr m
hnh (Hnh 17.8).
38

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
A
B
C

Z1 Z2 Z3

for A-N fault

IN
ZN

Relay
comparator
circuits
VA

Relay replica circuits

Hnh 3.8. Mch in p v dng in vi s c chm t

2.4. Tin hnh th nghim
2.4.1. Gii thiu s lc v rle P442
Cc rle s ngy nay thng c ch to theo hng hp b, kt hp nhiu chc nng
bo v trong mt rle, cho mt i tng bo v. Rle bo v ng dy P442 t hp cc chc
nng bo v sau:
-

Bo v khong cch.

Bo v khong cch dng tn hiu lin ng.

Bo v qu dng ct nhanh.

Bo v chng s c chm t qua in tr cao (chng chm t c nhy cao).

Bo v in p.

Bo v chng h hng my ct.

Bo v qu dng d phng.

T ng li.

Kim tra ng b.

Ngoi ra P442 cn c nhiu chc nng khc na.

Trong cc rle khong cch hin i nh MICOM P442, mi vng c 6 b phn o: 3
b phn cho cc s c pha-pha, 3 b phn cho cc s c chm t. V vy rle khong cch c
18 b phn o khong cch. N cho ta c c rt nhiu c tuyn khc nhau, thng tin v cc
tham s s c v khong cch ti im s c. iu ny em li tnh linh ng v tc tc
ng cao.
2.4.2. S ni dy
S ni dy nh trong Hnh 3.9.

39

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 3.9. S ni dy bo v khong cch trong th nghim

40

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

2.4.3. Tnh ton cc thng s ci t

a. S c pha-pha
Ci t tng tr khi ng
G

Line 6

Line 4
GTX
0.1 pu

0.1 pu

0.1 pu

0.1 pu

0.1 pu
S35

Grid Supply

Relay
P442

TP6

TP7

TP8

TP9

Hnh 3.10. S li in.

Xt hai phn ca ng dy 6 vi chiu di 100 km. Tng tr ca ng dy bng
4,8 . Gc ng dy bng 80o.
Tng tr khi ng ca vng 1 (l tng tr pha s cp):
Z1

(80%.4, 8

3, 84 80o

Rle s tnh ton gi tr tng tr pha th cp bng cch nhn gi tr tng tr s cp vi t l

(CT/VT).
T s bin i CT ca my bin dng bng 10/1.
T s bin i VT ca my bin in p bng 220V/110V.
V vy, t l CT/VT=5.
C th s dng gi tr pha s cp hoc th cp ci t cho rle. Nu s dng gi tr pha s
cp th rle s t tnh ton gi tr pha th cp t cc t s CT v VT. y ta s s dng gi
tr pha s cp ci t cho rle.
Tng tr khi ng ca vng 2 l:
Z2

(150%.4, 8

7, 20 80o

(220%.4, 8

10,56 80 o

Tng tr khi ng ca vng 3 l:

Z3

Tnh ton ngng in tr

Tt c cc b phn tc ng ca bo v khong cch u phi trnh hin tng mang ti qu
nng. Khi gi tr dng ti ln nht pha th cp ca CT bng 1 A, tng tr ti nh nht i vi
rle s l:

Vn (ph n) / In
Thng thng cc vng i vi s c pha-pha phi trnh tng tr ti nh nht vi d tr
40%. Cc vng i vi s c chm t s c d tr 20%. iu ny dn n ngng in tr
ln nht l 38 v 50,8 . Nhng n lin quan n phn ci t na, nn khng b c. Nu
c ci t pha s cp, cc gi tr trn c chia theo t l CT/VT=5. Do , gi tr in tr
41

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

s cp ln nht c yu cu l 7,6
quang.

v 10,16

. Gi tr nh nht tu thuc vo in tr h

V vy, gi tr in tr c la chn nh bng di y:

Nh nht Ln nht Vng 1 Vng 2 Vng 3
Rph

7,6

R1Ph=3

R2Ph=5

R3Ph=7

RG

10,2

R1G=1

R2G=2

R3G=3

Bng 3.1.
Trong :
RPh l in tr tng ng vi s c pha-pha.
RG l in tr tng ng vi s c chm t.
b. S c chm t
Nh trnh by phn trn, i vi cc s c chm t cn thc hin vic b d. H s b d
bng:
KZO

1
3

vi K

Zo
Z1

Khi Zo=Z1 th KZO=0. Tuy nhin trong thc t, i vi cc ng dy trn khng, K

thng thng bng 2,5. c th thc hin m phng iu ny trn b PSS, chng ta mc
thm vo mt tng tr ph, ZE, vo mch gia im s c v t.
ZE c th xc nh theo cch di y:
Ta c: Zo=K.Z1=(K-1)Z1+Z1
V vy tng tr cn thm vo l: (K-1)Z1. Do Io chy qua Z1 cn 3Io chy qua ZE nn (K1)Z1=3ZE.
Suy ra: ZE

1
3

.Z1

T biu thc trn, nu K=2,5 th ZE=Z1/2. V vy, vi ng dy c ang xt c Z1=0,2 pu th

ZE=0,1 pu. Thc hin iu ny trn b m phng bng cch chn ng dy 1 (Line 1) vo
gia im s c v im t ti TP17. Ch rng i vi s c mt pha chm t, ch mt pha
ca ng dy 1 c ni ti t.
thc hin ci t b d, cn phi a vo Menu ca rle h s: K ZO=0,50 (gc 0 )
(K=2,5).
c. Kho khi c dao ng cng sut
Phng php chung xc nh hin tng dao ng cng sut l o thi gian tn ti
bin thin ca tng tr m rle o c thng qua R v X. V d nh khi thi gian ny
vt qu 5ms th rle s kha chc nng bo v khong cch tm thi. Thng thng th R
v X c ly bng 10 30 % R3ph.
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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Hnh 3.11. c tnh pht hin dao ng cng sut.

2.4.4. Ci t

Configuration
Active Setting

Group 1

Setting Group 1

Enable

Disable 2, 3 v 4
Power swing

Enable

Setting values

Primary

Cc h s CT v VT
Main VT Primary

220 V

Main VT Secondary

110 V

Phase CT Primary

10,0 A

Phase CT Secondary

1,0 A

C/S Input

AB

Main Vt Location

line

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B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

Group 1 Distance
Group 1 Line Setting
Line length

100,0 km

Line Impedance

4,800

Line Angle

80,00 deg
Group 1 Zone Setting

Zone Status

01010

kZ1 Res Comp

0,5

kZ1 Angle

0 deg

Z1

3,840 Ohm

R1G

1,0 Ohm

R1ph

3,0 Ohm

tZ1

0,060 s

kZ2 Res Comp

0,5

kZ2 Angle

0 deg

Z2

7,200 Ohm

R2G

2,0 Ohm

R2ph

5,0 Ohm

tZ2

0,20 s

kZ3/4 Res Comp

0,5

kZ3/4 Angle

0 deg

Z3

10,56 Ohm

R3G R4G

3,0 Ohm

R3ph P4ph

7,0 Ohm

tZ3

0,4 s

2.4.5. Trnh t th nghim

1. To s c TP6
2. Xc nh v tr ca im s c (khong 50 km)
3. To cc s c 3 pha TP7 v TP8. Rle s tc ng vng 2 vi s c TP7, vng
2/vng 3 vi s c TP8 v vng 3 vi s c TP9 nhng khng th tc ng ti S35 v
n nm ngoi vng vi.

44

B mn H thng in
Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116

4. Vi s c chm t TP7, rle s xc nh v tr im s c c khong 100km trn

ng dy 6.
III. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM
Bo co phi bao gm nhng ni dung chnh sau:
1. Mc ch th nghim
2. Tnh ton cc thng s ci t cho bo v khong cch trong bi th nghim
3. Nhn xt v hot ng ca cc bo v

45