Phân tích định lượng

Chng trnh ging dy kinh t Fulbright
Nm hc 2010-2011
Cc Phng Php Phn Tch nh Lng
Bi tp 1

Hc k Thu, 2010
CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH NH LNG
GI LI GII BI TP 1
THNG K M T
v ph lc thc hnh thng k m t vi phn mm SPSS
Bi 1 (25 im)
S liu thu nhp hng tun (n v: ngn ng) ca hai nhm cng nhn nh sau:
Nhm 1: 510, 580, 600, 640, 670
Nhm 2: 580, 595, 600, 605, 620
a. Da vo nh ngha v cng thc, hy tnh cc gi tr trung bnh v trung v ca thu
nhp trong mi nhm
Khi cha r s liu l ca mu hay ca tng th, bn c th gi nh!
Gi s, chng ta hiu rng y l d liu ca mu. Chng ta s tnh trung bnh, trung v ca
thu nhp cho mi nhm. Nu bn hiu rng tng th l 10 cng nhn trong 2 nhm trn th
cng khng sai, khi bn cn p dng cc cng thc tnh cc tham s thng k ca tng th.
S trung bnh
Thu nhp trung bnh ca mi cng nhn nhm 1 c tnh theo cng thc
5
i 1
x Nhm1
nhm1
510 580 600 640 670

5
3000
5
600 ngn ng
Thu nhp trung bnh ca mi cng nhn nhm 2 c tnh theo cng thc
5
i 1
nhm 2
x Nhm2
580 595 600 605 620

5
3000
5
600 ngn ng
S trung v
S lng s liu c trong mi nhm l s l, v chng c sp xp t nh nht n ln
nht. V vy, vi mi nhm, s trung v chnh l gi tr nm v tr chnh gia (trong trng
hp ny l v tr th (n+1)/2=(5+1)/2=3)
Trung v ca thu nhp i vi Nhm 1 l 600 ngn ng
Trung v ca thu nhp i vi Nhm 2 cng l 600 ngn ng
Cao Ho Thi / Nguyn Khnh Duy

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
b. Da vo nh ngha v cng thc, hy tnh cc gi tr Min, Max, Range, phng sai

v lch chun ca thu nhp trong mi nhm
Min, Max, v khong bin thin
Nhn vo dy d liu c sp xp t nh n ln ca mi nhm, chng ta d dng xc
nh c Min, Max ca mi nhm, v t p dng cng thc Range=Max-Min tnh ra
khong bin thin ca mi nhm
Vi Nhm 1, gi tr nh nht ca thu nhp l 510 ngn ng (Min=510 ngn ng), gi tr
ln nht ca thu nhp l 670 ngn ng (Max=670 ngn ng), khong bin thin ca thu
nhp l 160 ngn ng (bng 670-510).
Vi Nhm2, gi tr nh nht ca thu nhp l 580 ngn ng (Min=580 ngn ng), gi tr ln
nht ca thu nhp l 620 ngn ng (Max=620 ngn ng), khong bin thin ca thu nhp l
40 ngn ng (bng 620-580)
Phng sai v lch chun ca mi nhm
Nhm 1:
Chng ta c th p dng cng thc, lp ra bng sau tnh phng sai, lch
i
xi
1
2
3
4
5
Tng
Trung bnh
Phng sai
lch
2
Nhm1
xi- x
510
580
600
640
670
3000
600
3750
61.24
( xi x ) (510 600) (580 600)

n 1
5 1
(xi- x )2
-90
-20
0
40
70
8100
400
0
1600
4900
15000
...
(670 600)
15000
4
3750
ngn ng2
Nhm1
2
Nhm1
3750
61 .24 ngn ng

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Nhm 2:
Tng
Trung bnh
Phng sai
lch
2
580
595
600
605
620
3000
600
212.5
14.58
( x i x ) (580 600) (595 600)
2
Nhm 2
n 1
(xi- x )2
xi - x
xi
i
1
2
3
4
5
5 1
-20
-5
0
5
20
...
400
25
0
25
400
850
(620 600)
850
4
212.5
ngn ng2
Nhm 2
2
Nhm 2
212 .5
14 .58 ngn ng
c. Da vo cc hm trong Excel, hy tnh cc i lng thng k cu a v cu b

Bn c th s dng cc hm thng k (Xem Hnh 1.1); hoc cng c Tools\Data
Analysis\Descriptive Statistics ca Excel, sau khai bo tng t nh Hnh 1.2 tnh
ton cc ch tiu cho tng nhm
Hnh 1.1 S dng hm s
Vi cc hm nh trn, v thao tc nh Hnh 1.2 bn s c c kt qu nh Hnh 1.3

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Hnh 1.2
Hnh 1.3 Kt qu tnh ton t hm thng k, v cng c Data Analysis

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
d. Anh/Ch c nhn xt g v thu nhp ca hai nhm cng nhn ny.

Trong mu, thu nhp trung bnh ca hai nhm cng nhn l bng nhau, v u bng 600 ngn
ng. Tuy nhin, thu nhp ca nhng cng nhn nhm 2 t bin thin hn so vi nhm 1;
tht vy, thu nhp ca cng nhn nhm 1 dao ng t 510 ngn ng n 670 ngn ng
vi khong bin thin l 160; trong khi thu nhp ca cng nhn nhm 2 c khong bin
thin nh hn, v bng 40 (dao ng t 580 ngn ng n 620 ngn ng).
Bn cng c th s dng thm ch tiu lch, phng sai, hay tnh ton thm h s bin
thin ni ln rng thu nhp ca cng nhn nhm 2 n nh hn so vi thu nhp ca
cc cng nhn nhm 1. V c mu ca hai nhm u bng 5, thm vo , trung bnh ca
hai nhm u nh nhau, nn c th so snh lch chun ca mi nhm. lch chun ca
nhm 2 l 14.58 ngn ng nh hn so vi lch chun ca nhm 1 ( lch chun ca
nhm mt l 61.24 ngn ng). iu ny cng cho thy mc bin thin v thu nhp ca
nhm 2 t hn so vi nhm 1.
Bi 2 (25 im)
Tp tin DataRestaurant300.xls ghi nhn d liu v cht lng ba n v gi ba n ti 300
nh hng. T bng d liu ny, hy tr li nhng cu hi sau:
a. Phn bit loi bin v loi thang o cho 2 bin s cht lng ba n v gi ba n
Hnh 2.1

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
-Bin Cht lng ba n (Quality Rating) hin ch c 3 biu hin l Good, Very Good, v
Excellent th hin tnh cht ca ba n. V vy, c th c xem l bin nh tnh. Bin
ny c thang o th t (hay th bc)
-Bin gi ba n (Meal Price) l bin nh lng, v c thang o t l (nu bn tr li l
thang o khong th cng khng sai!)
M rng (khng tnh vo im bi tp): Vi bin nh lng bn c th nhn nh
thm xem n l bin nh lng ri rc hay lin tc. V cng ch rng, nh lng hay
nh tnh cng ch mang tnh cht tng i!
b. Hy phn nhm nh hng theo cht lng ba n. V biu tn s theo cht lng
ba n
S dng k thut Data\Pivot Table trong Excel, bn d dng to ra c bng Kt qu
Hnh 2.2
T d liu c, S dng Excel bn c th v c biu tn s nh sau

Hnh 2.3 Biu tn s v cht lng ba n
160
150
140
S nh hng
120
100
84
80
66
60
40
20
0
Tt
Rt tt
Tuyt vi
Cht lng ba n

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
c. Tm cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu, trung bnh, trung v v yu v ca gi tin ba n

Vi k thut Tools\Data Analysis\Descriptive Statistics bn c th d dng tm c
cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu, trung bnh, trung v, v yu v ca gi tin ba n
Hnh 2.4
Bng 2.1
Meal Price ($)
Mean (Trung bnh)
25.90
Standard Error (Sai s chun ca gi tr trung bnh)
0.54
Median (Trung v)
25.00
Mode (Yu v)
20.00
Standard Deviation ( lch chun)
9.29
Sample Variance (Phng sai)
86.26
Kurtosis (ch tiu Kurtosis o lng nhn ca phn phi; Trong Excel &
Eviews, Kurtosis=3 th phn phi bnh thng, Kurtosis>3 th phn phi nhn)
-0.58
Skewness (ch tiu Skewness o lng cn xng ca phn phi; Phn phi cn
xng khi Skewness=0, Phn phi lch phi khi Skewness>0),
0.31
Range (Khong bin thin)
38.00
Minimum (Gi tr nh nht)
10.00
Maximum (Gi tr ln nht)
48.00
Sum (Tng)
7769.00
Count (S quan st)
300.00

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
M rng (khng tnh vo im bi tp): nhn nh v cn xng ca phn phi

trong tng th, mt cch thun tin, theo kinh nghim, nu Skewness nm trong on
[-1,1] th c th nhn nh rng phn phi cn xng.
d. C bao nhiu nh hng c cht lng ba n c xp loi cht lng very good v
gi ba n vo khong t $30 n $39
Bn c th s dng cng c lc d liu, k thut Data\Pivot Table trong Excel; hm
countif; s dng cc hm n gin if v sum; hay s dng hm c s d liu DCOUNT
tnh ra kt qu ny.
Hnh 2.5
Vi hm DCOUNT bn c th lm nh sau: (1)To ra vng iu kin nh E2:G3, (2) Ti mt

no , v d E6, g lnh =DCOUNT(A1:C301,A1,E2:G3), bn s ra kt qu l 46. Ni
cch khc c 46 nh hng c cht lng ba n l Very Good v gi nm trong khong t
$30 n $39.
Bi 3 (25 im)
Tp tin DataExamscores.xls ghi nhn d liu v im thi (tnh trn thang im 100) ca hai
trung tm o to A v B. Mi trung tm c 30 sinh vin c thm d. T bng d liu ny,
hy tr li nhng cu hi sau:
a. Hy tm trung bnh v trung v ca im thi trung tm A
S dng cng c Tools\Data Analysis\Descriptive Statistics ca Excel, chng ta d dng
c c bng kt qu nh Bng 31.
T bng ny, ta thy:
-Trung bnh im thi ca sinh vin trung tm A l 82 im
-Trung v im thi ca sinh vin trung tm A l 83 im

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bng 3.1
Center A
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
82.00
1.68
83.00
79.00
9.22
85.03
-0.12
-0.43
37.00
60.00
97.00
2460.00
30.00
b. So snh cc gi tr tnh c trong cu a, Anh/Ch c kt lun rng phn phi ca

im thi trung tm A c b lch xin khng. Nu lch xin th lch v tri hay phi.
Hy gii thch ngn gn cu tr li ca Anh/Ch
V tr gia trung bnh, trung v c th cho chng ta bit hnh dng phn phi ca bin l
lch tri, lch phi hay cn xng. im thi ca sinh vin trung tm A c s trung bnh
nh hn trung v nn phn phi im thi ca sinh vin trung tm A b lch xin v pha
tri.
c. S dng hm trong trong Excel, xc nh lch xin cu b. Kt qu cu c c ph
hp vi cu b hay khng
Hnh 3.1
H s Skewness c tnh t hm Skew trong Excel c kt qu l -.433. Skew nh hn 0

nn h s ny cng ch ra rng phn phi im ca sinh vin trung tm A b lch tri.

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M rng (khng tnh vo im bi tp): Ch rng, nhng nhn nh v hnh dng
ca phn phi cu b, cu c l xt cho mu c kho st. Khi mun kt lun v hnh
dng phn phi xt trn tng th, chng ta cn thc hin nhng kim nh phc tp hn.
Bn c th c thm v kim nh Jarque-Bera, kim nh Kolmogorov-Smirnov
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
diemttA
N
Normal Parametersa
30
Mean
82.0000
Std. Deviation
9.22141
Most Extreme
Absolute
.100
Differences
Positive
.052
Negative
-.100
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
.548
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.925
a. Test distribution is Normal.
P-value ca thng k Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z bng 0.128 (>0.05) nn tin cy 95% c

th chp nhn gi thuyt cho rng bin im thi ca trung tm A c phn phi chun. Ni
cch khc, s lch xin ca phn phi l khng ng k.
Nu dng SPSS, bn s d dng v biu sau c ci nhn trc quan v phn phi ca
bin ny
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
d. Tm gi tr chun ha Z cho gi tr quan st ln nht v nh nht ca im thi trung

tm B. Cc gi tr ny c ln hay nh bt thng khng
Bng 3.2
Center B
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard
Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
78.23
1.92
78.00
78.00
10.50
110.25
-0.61
0.06
42.00
57.00
99.00
2347.00
30.00
Trc tin, bn tnh lch, trung bnh, v xc nh gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca im

thi trung tm B.
im thi ca trung tm B c Max=99 im , Min=57 im , lch chun s=10.5 im,
x =78.23 im.
Gi tr chun ho Z-score ca x quan st th i c tnh bi cng thc z i
Gi tr ln nht c gi tr chun ho l z
99 78.23
1.98 . Gi tr ln nht, s 99, c
10.05
|z|<2 nn l gi tr bnh thng, khng phi l d bit.

Gi tr ln nh nht c gi tr chun ho l z
57 78.23
10.05
2.02 . Gi tr nh nht, s 57,
c 2<|z|<3 nn c th l gi tr bt thng.
11

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bi 4 (25 im)
Bng d liu di y trnh by tn, tc v gi ca 10 loi my in
STT
Tc
Tn my in
Gi (USD)
Minolta-QMS PagePro 1250W
12
199
Brother HL-1850
10
499
Lexmark E320
12.2
299
Minolta-QMS PagePro 1250E
10.3
299
HP Laserjet 1200
11.7
399
Xerox Phaser 4400/N
17.8
1850
Brother HL-2460N
16.1
1000
IBM Infoprint 1120n
11.8
1387
Lexmark W812
19.8
2089
10
Oki Data B8300n
28.2
2200
a. Tnh cc gi tr trung bnh, trung v, yu v, phng sai, lch chun ca 2 bin X l tc

v Y l gi
S dng cng c Tools\Data Analysis bn s tnh c gi tr trung bnh, trung v, yu v,
phng sai, lch chun ca 2 bin X v Y c tnh ton nh sau:
Bng 4.1
X
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Count
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Yu v
lch chun
Phng sai
14.99
1.80
12.10
#N/A
5.69
32.38
10
Y
1022.10
252.32
749.50
299.00
797.91
636656.77
10
Ghi ch: bin X khng xc nh c yu v do cc gi tr ca X u c cng mt tn s
12

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
b. Theo nhn nh ca Anh/Ch mi quan h gia 2 bin X v Y l ng bin hay nghch

bin v mnh ca mi quan h ny. Gii thch ngn gn v nhn nh ca Anh/Ch.
Nhn nh ny mang tnh suy lun ca bn, c th c nhiu cch gii thch khc nhau. V d
nh: X (tc my in) v Y (gi) thng c mi quan h ng bin, bi v ngi tiu dng
lun mong mun cht lng my in tt (tc in nhanh, t tn mc, in p ), v h sn
lng tr gi cao hn cho nhng my in c cht lng tt hn. Bn cnh , ngi sn xut
lun phi ci tin cng ngh c th p ng tt hn nhu cu ny ca khch hng, v d
nhin vi nhng iu kin khc khng i, nhng my in tt hn thng tn chi ph sn xut
cao hn v v vy ngi sn xut cng mong bn nhng sn phm ny vi gi cao hn.
Theo kin ch quan, c th gia hai bin X v Y c mi quan h cht, bi tc in cng l
iu m nhiu ngi tiu dng quan tm, v h sn lng tr gi cao hn cho nhng my in c
tc in nhanh.
M rng (Khng tnh vo im bi tp): Nu bn tm c c s l thuyt, cc nghin cu
thc nghim trc y v vn ny, th nhng nhn nh ca bn cng thuyt phc hn
c. V biu phn tn (Scatter) th hin mi quan h gia 2 bin X v Y v nhn xt v
mi quan h gia 2 bin ny. Nhn xt ny c ph hp vi nhn nh ca Anh/Ch cu
b hay khng.
Hnh 2.1
3000
2500
Gi (USD)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
tc my in
th phn tn Hnh 2.1 cho thy gia X v Y c mi quan h ng bin, nhng my in c

tc cao thng c gi cao, v nhng my in c gi thp cng thng l nhng my in c
tc in thp.
13

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Thm , trn th phn tn, cc im nm kh gn ng xu th (c Add Trendline vo

th) nn c th ni rng mi quan h tuyn tnh gia hai bin X v Y l cht ch (tng
quan cao). Nhng nhn xt ny ph hp vi nhng nhn nh ban u cu b.
d. Tnh cc gi tr ng phng sai v h s tng quan gia 2 bin X v Y ny. C nhn
xt g v mi quan h ca 2 bin ny t cc h s tnh c v so snh n vi nhn xt
cu b v c.
Hnh 4.2
C th tnh h s hip phng sai, h s tng quan bng hm hay bng cng c Tools\Data
Analysis ca Excel. (Xem Hnh 4.2)
H s hip phng sai (ng phng sai) gia X v Y bng 3817.76 ( ln hn 0) cho thy
gia X v Y c mi quan h ng bin. Tuy nhin, h s hip phng sai cha cho bit c
mnh ca mi quan h gia hai bin ny. H s tng quan gia X v Y, rX,Y=0.84 (ln
hn 0) nn X v Y c mi lin h tuyn tnh. Thm vo | rX,Y| gn v pha 1 nn mi quan
h gia hai bin ny l cht ch, hay mnh. Nh vy, Cc s liu khng nh mnh hn
nhng nhn nh cu b v c.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M rng (khng tnh vo im bi tp): Bn c th p dng mt quy tc kinh nghim no
ch ra mi quan h ny l rt cht (rt mnh), hay cht (mnh) Ch rng c nhiu
quy tc kinh nghim v vic ny, tu thuc vo kiu d liu (chui thi gian, cho, hay
bng), hay lnh vc khoa hc (khoa hc x hi, khoa hc t nhin, k thut cng ngh, y hc
), hay i tng kho st (h, doanh nghip, quc gia). Khi s dng quy tc no, bn c
th trch dn ngun quy tc y. Sau y l mt v d.
Tr tuyt i ca h s tng quan Pearson
Mc tng quan
<=0.2
Rt yu, tng quan khng ng k
0.2 n 0.4
Yu, tng quan thp
0.4 n 0.7
Va phi
0.7 n 0.9
Mnh, tng quan cao
>0.9
Rt mnh
Ngun: http://www.bized.co.uk/timeweb/crunching/crunch_relate_expl.htm, truy cp ngy 5/10/2010
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Ph lc. Bi c thm v thao tc trn SPSS tm tt v trnh by d liu

Trong mn hc Cc phng php nh lng, v mt k nng s dng phn mm trong thng
k, kinh t lng, nhm ging vin k vng bn c th s dng c Excel, Eviews, SPSS.
Phn mm Excel, Eviews s c hng dn nhiu trn lp hc; Bi c thm ny s h bn
s dng SPSS trong vic lm nhng bi tp n gin lin quan n ch m t cc tp d
liu; v cc thao tc, kt qu tnh ton cng s tng t nh vy cho nhng d liu ln hn
m bn s gp sau ny.
Khai bo bin
tnh cc thng k m t trong Bi tp 1, Bi 1, bn cng c th tnh ton bng SPSS.
Trc tin, bn hy khi ng SPSS, Ti ca s Qun l d liu Data Editor, Chn Th
Variable View, sau khai bo cc thuc tnh ca bin bng cch g tn bin vo ct
Name (tn bin cn vit lin, khng c khong trng, khng c k t c bit, bt u bng
ch, v mi bin c mt tn khc nhau ), g nhn bin vo ct Label. Nu cn thn hn,
bn hy chn Values quy c nhn cc gi tr ca bin nh tnh (v d bin Nhm, vi 1
l Nhm 1, 2 l Nhm 2), v khai bo ng thang o ca bin ct Measure (trong ct ny,
mc nh l Scale cho nhng bin nh lng: nhng bin c thang o khong, hoc t l;
Nominal cho nhng bin c thang o nh danh, v Ordinal cho nhng bin c thang o th
t)
Ca s Qun l d
liu
Hnh 1.1
Kiu d liu dng

s (mc nh)
G nhn ca bin vo y, nhn c th c

khong trng, c th g du ting Vit
G tn bin vo y
Bm vo y quy c nhn cho cc gi
tr ca bin nh tnh. V d: 1 tng ng
vi Nhm 1, 2 tng ng vi Nhm 2
Data View dng xem d liu,

nhp liu, chnh sa d liu
Variable View ny khai

bo cc thuc tnh ca bin
Measure: Khai bo
thang o cho bin
15

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Nhp d liu
Hnh 1.2
2. Nhp d liu vo cc ct tng ng

(hoc copy t Excel sang)
1. Chn Data View chuyn

sang khung nhp liu
Sau khi khai bo tn bin, nhn bin trong Variable View, Bn hy chn Data View
nhp d liu.
Tnh cc thng k m t cho bin nh lng
V d, bn mun tnh cc thng k m t cho bin thu nhp ca 10 cng nhn, c nhiu cch,
cch n gin nht nh sau:
Bc 1, T thanh Menu ca SPSS, chn
Analyze
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives
16

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Hnh 1.3
Sau , Hp thoi Descriptives xut hin, Bc 2, chn bin nh lng thunhap Bm

vo nt mi tn gia hp thoi a bin thunhap sang khung Variable(s); Bc 3, chn
Options la chn thm mt s thng k khc cn tnh (mc nh l Mean, Std.deviation,
Minimum, Maximum); Cui cng, chn Continue, v OK
Hnh 1.4
2. Chn bin
thunhap, bm nt
mi tn a sang
bin thunhap sang
khung Variable(s)
3. Chn Options,
nh du chn
thm vo nhng
thng k cn tnh.
Nu bn mun lu li ct gi
tr chun ho ca bin th hy
nh du vo y
Kt qu s nh sau:
17

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bng 1.1
Descriptive Statistics
Thunhap Thu
nhap cua
cong nhan
Valid N
(nghin dong)
(listwise)
Statistic
10
Range
Statistic
160.00
Minimum
Statistic
510.00
Maximum
Statistic
670.00
Mean
Statistic
600.0000
Std. Deviation
Statistic
41.96559
Variance
Statistic
1761.111
Skewness
Statistic
-.620
Std. Error
Kurtosis
10
.687
Statistic
2.181
Std. Error
1.334
Tnh cc thng k m t ca bin nh lng phn theo mt bin nh tnh

C nhiu cch trong SPSS thc hin iu ny, nhng cch sau y l n gin nht:
Bc 1. Chn Analyze\Compare Means\Means
Hnh 1.5
Bc 2. a bin nh lng (bin thunhap) vo Dependent List & a bin nh tnh

(bin nhom) vo Independent List
18

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Hnh 1.6
Bc 3. Trong Hp thoi Means, Chn nt Options v chn nhng thng k cn tnh (Xem
Hnh 1.7)
Hnh 1.7
Cui cng, chn Continue ( Hp thoai Means: Options), v OK ( hp thoi Means), Kt

qu nh sau
19

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bng 1.2
Report
Thunhap Thu nhap cua cong nhan (nghin dong)
Std.
Mean
Deviation
Median
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Nhom 1
600.0000
61.23724
600.0000
510.00
670.00
160.00
Nhom 2
600.0000
14.57738
600.0000
580.00
620.00
40.00
Total
600.0000
10
41.96559
600.0000
510.00
670.00
160.00
Cch khc: Bn c th tm hiu thm v th tc Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Explore

Hoc Analyze\Tables\Custom Tables
To bng tn s
Nhiu khi, bn mun to bng tn s cho mt bin nh tnh no , v d nh bin Nhom
chng hn. Thao tc nh sau:
Bc 1. T thanh Menu, Chn Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies
Hnh 1.8
Bc 2. a bin nh tnh vo khung Variable(s), sau chn OK

Hnh 1.9
20

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Kt qu tnh ton nh bng sau

Bng 1.3
Nhom
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid
Cumulative
Percent
Percent
Nhom 1
50.0
50.0
50.0
Nhom 2
50.0
50.0
100.0
10
100.0
100.0
Total
Ghi ch:
Trong hp thoi Frequencies, bn c th tnh cc thng k m t cho bin nh lng bng
cch a bin nh lng ny vo khung Variable(s), chn Statistics v nh du chn vo
cc thng k cn tnh
Hnh 1.9
B du chn
y khng cn
to bng tn s
nu bn mun
21

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bi 2 Bi tp 1 vi SPSS s dng n nhng thao tc di y

To bng tn s, kt hp vi v th tn sut
Hnh 2.1 D liu
Bin QualityRating c th c nhp theo kiu k t (String), v c thang o l Ordinal

Bin MealPrice c thang o l Scale
Hnh 2.2
Sau khi khai bo bin nh Hnh 2.1, nhp d liu nh Hnh 2.2, bn hy thc hin thao tc
to bng tn s bng cch:
22

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bc 1. T thanh Menu, Chn Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies

Bc 2. Trong hp thoi Frequencies, a bin QualityRating vo Variables
Bc 3. v th tn s, hy chn nt Charts v nh du chn vo loi th cn thit
nh Hnh 2.3
Hnh 2.3
Chn Nt
Charts v
th cho
bin
Nu mun
v biu
theo t l %
(tn sut)
Chn mc ny
nu mun v biu
tn s
Ti ca s Viewer bn s thy cc kt qu bng tn s, v th sau

Bng 2.1
QualityRating
Frequency
Valid
Very Good
Percent
Valid
Cumulative
Percent
Percent
150
50.0
50.0
50.0
Good
84
28.0
28.0
78.0
Excellent
66
22.0
22.0
100.0
300
100.0
100.0
Total
23

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Hnh 2.4
Bi 3 lin quan n vic pht hin ra cc quan st bt thng. C nhiu k thut khc nhau,
tuy nhin p dng z-score (gi tr z) l cch n gin nht. Bn c th tnh z-score cho mt
bin bng cch sau: Analyze\ Descriptive Statistics\ Descriptives Chn bin cn tnh.
Hnh 2.4
nh du vo mc ny
lu z-score
Hnh 2.5
My tnh s to ra mt ct d liu mi lu gi tr z-score.
24

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bi 4 Bi tp 1 s cn n thao tc v th phn tn, tnh h s tng quan

V th phn tn
Hnh 4.1
D liu sau khi c nhp vo SPSS nh Hnh 4.1, bn c th v th phn tn (Hnh 4.4)
bng cch: Bc 1. chn Graphs\Legacy Dialogs\Scatter/Dot
Hnh 4.2
25

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bc 2. a bin vo cc trc thch hp, sau bm OK

Hnh 4.3
Hnh 4.4
Tnh h s tng quan

Hnh 4.5
26

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Bc 1. Analyze\Correlate\Bivariate
Bc 2. a cc bin cn tnh h s tng quan vo Variables
Hnh 4.6
Chn Option, nh
du chn ny nu
mun tnh hip
phng sai
Kt qu s nh sau
Bng 4.1
Correlations
X
X
Pearson Correlation
Y
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Y
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.841**
.002
10
10
.841**
.002
10
10
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level

(2-tailed).
27

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1
Correlations
X
X
Pearson Correlation
Y
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
Sum of Squares and Cross-products
Covariance
N
Y
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
Sum of Squares and Cross-products
Covariance
N
.841**
.002
291.389
34359.810
32.377
3817.757
10
10
.841**
.002
34359.810
5729910.900
3817.757
636656.767
10
10
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
28

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Chng trnh ging dy kinh t Fulbright

Cc Phng Php Phn Tch nh Lng

Chng trnh ging dy kinh t Fulbright

510 580 600 640 670

580 595 600 605 620

Cao Ho Thi / Nguyn Khnh Duy

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Cc Phng Php Phn Tch nh Lng

b. Da vo nh ngha v cng thc, hy tnh cc gi tr Min, Max, Range, phng sai

( xi x ) (510 600) (580 600)

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( x i x ) (580 600) (595 600)

c. Da vo cc hm trong Excel, hy tnh cc i lng thng k cu a v cu b

Vi cc hm nh trn, v thao tc nh Hnh 1.2 bn s c c kt qu nh Hnh 1.3

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Cc Phng Php Phn Tch nh Lng

Hnh 1.3 Kt qu tnh ton t hm thng k, v cng c Data Analysis

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d. Anh/Ch c nhn xt g v thu nhp ca hai nhm cng nhn ny.

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T d liu c, S dng Excel bn c th v c biu tn s nh sau

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c. Tm cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu, trung bnh, trung v v yu v ca gi tin ba n

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M rng (khng tnh vo im bi tp): nhn nh v cn xng ca phn phi

Vi hm DCOUNT bn c th lm nh sau: (1)To ra vng iu kin nh E2:G3, (2) Ti mt

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b. So snh cc gi tr tnh c trong cu a, Anh/Ch c kt lun rng phn phi ca

H s Skewness c tnh t hm Skew trong Excel c kt qu l -.433. Skew nh hn 0

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Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

a. Test distribution is Normal.

P-value ca thng k Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z bng 0.128 (>0.05) nn tin cy 95% c

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d. Tm gi tr chun ha Z cho gi tr quan st ln nht v nh nht ca im thi trung

Trc tin, bn tnh lch, trung bnh, v xc nh gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca im

|z|<2 nn l gi tr bnh thng, khng phi l d bit.

2.02 . Gi tr nh nht, s 57,

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Minolta-QMS PagePro 1250W

Minolta-QMS PagePro 1250E

Xerox Phaser 4400/N

IBM Infoprint 1120n

Oki Data B8300n

a. Tnh cc gi tr trung bnh, trung v, yu v, phng sai, lch chun ca 2 bin X l tc