Vai Trò Của E.coli Và Salmonella Spp Trong Hội Chứng Tiêu Chảy Trên Bê Hướng Sữa Tại Công Ty Cổ Phần Thực Phẩm Sữa TH

B GIO DC V O TO
B NNG NGHIP V PTNT
HC VIN NNG NGHIP VIT NAM
V TH L NA
VAI TR CA E.COLI V SALMONELLA SPP

TRONG HI CHNG TIU CHY TRN B HNG SA
TI CNG TY C PHN THC PHM SA TH
CHUYN NGNH : TH Y
M S : 60.64.01.01
NGI HNG DN KHOA HC

TS. LI TH LAN HNG
H NI - 2014
LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan y l lun vn do ti thc hin. Cc s liu, kt qu nu
trong lun vn l trung thc v cha c ai cng b trong cng trnh nghin cu no
khc.Cc ti liu trch dn u c ghi tn tc gi v tn ti liu trch dn trong
phn ti liu tham kho.
Tc gi lun vn
V Th L Na
Hc vin Nng nghip Vit Nam Lun vn Thc s Khoa hc Nng nghip
Page i
LI CM N
Trong sut qu trnh hc tp, thc tp v hon thnh lun vn ny ti nhn
s gip tn tnh v chu o ca cc c quan c nhn trong v ngoi nh trng.
Trc tin ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n ton th qu thy c khoa
Th y Hc vin Nng nghip Vit Nam trang b cho ti nhng kin thc qu
bu trong sut 2 nm hc va qua. c bit, ti xin bit n su sc n c gio,
Tin s Li Th Lan Hng, ngi trc tip hng dn v gip ti hon thnh
lun vn ny.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o, ton b cng nhn vin cng ty CP
thc phm sa TH, Vin Th y to iu kin thun li gip ti trong sut qu
trnh thc tp gp phn vo s thnh cng ca ti ny.
Cui cng ti xin chn thnh cm n ti nhng ngi thn yu trong gia
nh, bn b, ng nghip ng vin chia s v gip ti vt qua nhng kh
khn hon thnh tt t thc tp cng nh qu trnh vit bi lun vn ny.
Mc d c nhiu c gng song do kin thc v nng lc cn nhiu hn
ch, kinh nghim thc t cha nhiu nn trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh hon
thnh ni dung lun vn ny kh trnh khi nhng sai st, knh mong qu thy c,
ng nghip v bn b thng cm, gp kin ti c hon thin hn.
H Ni, ngy 30 thng 8 nm 2014

Tc gi lun vn
V Th L Na
Page ii
MC LC
Li cam oan
Li cm n
ii
Mc lc
iii
Danh mc cc ch vit tt
Danh mc bng
vi
Danh mc hnh
vii
M U
t vn
Mc tiu nghin cu
ngha khoa hc ca ti
Chng 1 TNG QUAN TI LIU
1.1
Nhng nghin cu v hi chng tiu chy
1.2
Nguyn nhn gy ra hi chng tiu chy.
1.2.1
Do vi sinh vt
1.2.2
Nhng nguyn nhn khc
1.3
Tnh hnh nghin cu v vi khun gy hi chng tiu chy b, ngh
1.3.1
Tnh hnh nghin cu trn th gii
1.3.2
Nghin cu ti Vit Nam
12
1.4
Mt s vi khun ng rut quan trng
13
1.4.1
Vi khun E.coli
13
1.4.2
Vi khun Salmonella spp
28
Chng 2 I TNG, VT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU
31
2.1
i tng v phm vi nghin cu.
31
2.1.1
i tng nghin cu.
31
2.1.2
a im, thi gian nghin cu.
31
2.2
Vt liu dng trong nghin cu
31
2.2.1
Mu bnh phm
31
Page iii
2.2.2
Mi trng, ho cht, dng c th nghim.
31
2.3
Ni dung nghin cu
32
2.4
Phng php nghin cu
32
2.4.1
Phng php ly mu
32
2.4.2
Phng php phn lp v gim nh vi khun
33
2.4.3
Phng php xc nh tng s vi khun hiu kh, s lng E.coli v

Salmonella spp trong 1g phn.
34
2.4.4
Phng php xc nh c tnh sinh vt ha hc ca vi khun E.coli
34
2.4.5
Phng php kim tra tnh mn cm vi khng sinh ca vi khun.
36
Chng 3 KT QU V THO LUN
38
3.1
T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.
38
3.2
T l b mc hi chng tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui.
39
3.3
S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b mc hi chng tiu chy.
40
3.4
S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b khng tiu chy v

tiu chy.
44
3.5
c tnh sinh ha hc ca vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp.
48
3.5.1
c tnh sinh hc cc chng E.coli phn lp c.
48
3.5.2
c tnh sinh hc cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.
50
3.6
Xc nh serotype cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c
53
3.7
Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli v

Salmonella spp phn lp c.
54
3.7.1
Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c.
54
3.7.2
Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.
55
3.8
Kt qu iu tr tiu chy trn b.
57
KT LUN V NGH
59
Kt lun
59
ngh
60
TI LIU THAM KHO
61
PH LC
67
Page iv
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
BHI
Brain Heart Infusion
EMB
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
TSI
Triple Sugar Iron
CFU
Colinial Forming Unit
HCTC
Hi chng tiu chy
E.coli
Escherichia coli
AEEC
Adherencia Enteropathogenic E.coli
ETEC
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
LT
Labile Heat Toxin
ST
Stable Heat Toxin
Cl. perfringens :
Clostridium perfringens
LSP
lypopolysacharide
vk
vi khun
cs
cng s
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rough
Smooth
Mucoid
Page v
DANH MC BNG
STT
Tn bng
Trang
2.1
Bng tiu chun phn tch kt qu ng knh vng v khun
37
3.1
Kt qu nghin cu t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.
38
3.2
Kt qu theo di t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui
39
3.3
S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng v b tiu chy.
43
3.4
S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b thng v phn b

tiu chy.
45
3.5
Mt s c tnh sinh hoc cc chng E.coli phn lp c
49
3.6
Type khng nguyn O theo nhm cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp

t phn b tiu chy
53
3.7
Xc nh serotype ca vi khun Salmonella spp phn lp c t b
53
3.8
Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng E.coli phn lp c
54
3.9
Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun Salmonella spp
3.10
phn lp c
56
Kt qu iu tr hi chng tiu chy b
57
Page vi
DANH MC HNH
STT
1.1
Tn hnh
Trang
Vi khun E.coli tn cng h thng lng nhung ca thnh rut

(Gyles, 1992)
25
3.1
So snh t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui
40
3.2
Bin ng s lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng v b

b tiu chy theo tui.
42
3.3
T l phn lp vi khun E.coli b sa
42
3.4
T l phn lp Salmonella b ging sa
47
3.5
So snh bin ng s lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b
47
3.6
Khun lc E.coli trn mt s mi trng nui cy
50
3.7
Khun lc Salmonella spp trn mt s mi trng nui cy
52
3.8
Khng sinh ca vi khun E.coli phn lp t phn b
55
3.9
Khng sinh ca vi khun Salmonella spp phn lp t phn b
56
Page vii
M U
1. t vn
Tng n b sa ca nc ta tng t 41000 con nm 2001 ln trn 158
366 000 con nm 2012. Tng sn lng sa ti sn xut hng nm tng trn 6 ln
t 64 000 tn nm 2001 ln trn 381 000 tn nm 2012 (Tng Xun Chinh, 2012).
Chn nui b sa Vit Nam v ang c u t pht trin t cc chng trnh
quc gia. T cc d n ging, ngun gien b sa cao sn c nhp ni gp
phn nng cao nng sut v cht lng n b.
Chn nui b sa l mt ngh c hiu qu kinh t cao nhng l mt ngh
mi Vit Nam, ngi chn nui vn cn t kinh nghim nn cn nhiu kh khn,
nng sut thp v cht lng sa cha cao. Quy m chn nui b sa cn nh,
phng thc chn nui cn hn ch, ngun thc n ch yu tn dng, nng dn
cha c iu kin p dng khoa hc cng ngh cao vo pht trin chn nui.
Thi tit v kh hu nhit i nng m Vit Nam l iu kin thun li cho dch
bnh pht trin. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh nh hng ch yu n
hiu qu kinh t ca chn nui b sa.
Hi chng tiu chy l mt hin tng bnh l phc tp do nhiu nguyn
nhn, hu qu ca n bao gi cng gy ra vim nhim, tn thng thc th ng
tiu ha v cui cng l mt qu trnh nhim trng (Roeder, 1987; H Vn Nam,
1985). Theo L Minh Ch (1995) hi chng tiu chy trm trng gia sc non, ph
bin khp cc vng sinh thi nc ta, c bit l b ngh 70-80% tn tht nm
trong thi k nui dng bng sa v 80-90% trong s l hu qu ca hi chng
tiu chy.
n nay, hi chng tiu chy gia sc cn c khng nh xut hin gn
lin vi cc bnh nhim trng ng tiu ha, gy ra bi vi khun: Hi chng tiu
chy do E.coli, Salmonella spp, vim rut hoi t do Clostridium penrfringens,
bnh ph thng hn gia sc non sau cai sa Trong , E.coli v Salmonella
spp l hai thnh vin ng vai tr quan trng gy nn cc qu trnh bnh l ng
Page 1
tiu ha hu ht cc loi gia sc c bit l gia sc non. Bnh do chng gy ra c

phm vi rng trn ton th gii Wray v Sojka (1977). Vit Nam, c mt s
tc gi nghin cu vai tr gy bnh ca khun E.coli, Salmonella spp tru, b, b,
ngh a phng, ln: Nguyn Quang Tuyn (1996), Phm Ngc Thch (1998),
Nguyn B Hin (2001) Cc cng trnh nghin cu phn tch, gi vai tr ca
vi khun gy hi chng tiu chy tru, b, b, ngh.
Tuy vy, cho n nay cn rt t nhng nghin cu v vai tr ca E.coli v
Salmonella spp trong hi chng tiu chy ca b ging sa c nui quy m cng
nghip ti Vit Nam. Xut pht t nhng vn thc t chng ti tin hnh
ti nghin cu:
Vai tr ca E.coli v Salmonella spp trong hi chng tiu chy trn b hng
sa ti cng ty c phn thc phm sa TH.
2. Mc tiu nghin cu
Xc nh vai tr ca vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp trong hi chng tiu
chy ca b ging sa t sau khi sinh n giai on b t lm c s cho cc nghin
cu phng v iu tr hi chng tiu chy do E.coli, Salmonella spp gy ra b sa.
3. ngha khoa hc ca ti
- Kt qu nghin cu ca ti b sung, lm phong ph thm l lun c s
v cn bnh do E.coli v Salmonella spp gy ra.
- Lm c s cho cc nghin cu vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp gy hi
chng tiu chy trn b sa ti Vit Nam.
- L c s cho vic xy dng bin php phng v iu tr hi chng tiu
chy trn b do vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp gy ra.
Page 2
Chng 1
TNG QUAN TI LIU
1.1 Nhng nghin cu v hi chng tiu chy
Hi chng tiu chy b l mt bnh ph bin v ang gy thit hi ln
cho ngnh chn nui. Hi chng tiu chy gy cht vi t l thp nhng tc hi ca
n lm bin i cu trc nim mc rut non dn n gim kh nng hp thu thc n
lm cho b ci cc, tng tiu tn thc n cho 1 kg tng trng. Nguy him hn,
nguyn nhn ca hi chng tiu chy rt phc tp gy ra s nhm ln trong chn
on v iu tr. Qua nhiu nghin cu cho thy, hi chng tiu chy l mt hin
tng bnh l ng tiu ha c lin quan n rt nhiu cc yu t, c yu t l
nguyn nhn nguyn pht, c yu t l nguyn nhn th pht. Xut pht t nguyn
nhn hay triu chng lm sng cn c vo c im, thi gian hoc tnh cht ca
bnh m c cc tn gi khc nhau: hi chng tiu chy, bnh tiu chy khng nhim
trng, bnh tiu chy gia sc s sinh, bnh phn sa
Cc nghin cu bnh l tiu chy gia sc cho thy biu hin bnh l ch
yu l mt nc v cht in gii, cui cng con vt b trng c, kit sc v cht.
V vy, trong iu tr hi chng tiu chy vic b sung nc v cht in gii l yu
t cn thit.
i vi gia sc non, t l cht do hi chng tiu chy tng i cao. Theo
L Minh Ch (1995) hi chng tiu chy lm cho b, ngh gim kh nng sinh
trng, ci cc, t l t vong cao. Theo Nguyn Vn Lng (1963), Trnh Vn
Thnh (1985), L Minh Ch (1995) ln b tiu chy thng mt nc, mt in gii
v kit sc. Nhng gia sc khi bnh thng ci cc, thiu mu, chm ln, t l
nui sng thp. cng l nguyn nhn lm cho hiu qu chn nui khng cao.
Do iu kin kh hu nc ta thay i phc tp, hi chng tiu chy xy ra
quanh nm c bit khi thi tit thay i t ngt lnh m, m khng kh cao.
Theo Wieler (2009), tiu chy xy ra nhiu vo ma ma, nguyn nhn c th do
ma ma thc n thng m v xu hn, vi khun t b tiu dit bi nh nng mt
Page 3
tri, ma ma lm tng m trong mi trng nn vi khun d dng pht trin,

pht tn v gy bnh. Theo on Th Bng Tm (1987), S An Ninh (1993), L
Vn To v cs (1993), Phan Thanh Phng (1995), nc ta, tiu chy trn gia sc
xy ra quanh nm, c bit vo v ng xun, khi thi tit thay i t ngt v thi
im chuyn ma quanh nm.
1.2. Nguyn nhn gy ra hi chng tiu chy.
Trong lch s nghin cu hi chng tiu chy nhiu tc gi a ra kt qu
cho thy nguyn nhn gy hi chng tiu chy rt phc tp v thm ch cn khc
nhau theo thi gian, a im v giai on pht trin ca con vt. Tuy nhin, hi
chng tiu chy l mt bnh l ng tiu ha, lin quan n nhiu yu t: c yu
t l nguyn nhn nguyn pht, c yu t l nguyn nhn th pht. V vy, vic
phn bit gia cc nguyn nhn gy ra tiu chy l rt kh khn (Phm Ngc Thch,
1996). Cc nh khoa hc tng hp nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hi chng
tiu chy gia sc nh sau:
1.2.1. Do vi sinh vt
Vi khun
Nguyn nhn tiu chy do vi sinh vt l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ph
bin c nhiu nh khoa hc cng nhn. Trong ng rut ca gia sc c rt
nhiu loi vi khun nh: E.coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella khu tr dng mt h
sinh thi. H sinh thi vi sinh vt ng rut trng thi cn bng ng theo hng
c li cho c th vt ch. Hot ng sinh l ca gia sc ch din ra bnh thng khi
m h sinh thi ng rut lun trng thi cn bng. Di tc ng ca cc yu t
gy bnh, trng thi cn bng b ph v dn n lon khun v hu qu l gia sc b
tiu chy.
Nhiu tc gi nghin cu v hi chng tiu chy chng minh: khi gp
iu kin thun li, nhng vi khun thng gp ng tiu ha s tng c tnh,
pht trin vi s lng ln tr thnh c hi v gy bnh.
Trnh Vn Thnh (1964), V Vn Ng (1979) v Trng Quang (2005) cho
rng do mt s tc nhn no , trng thi cn bng ca h sinh thi ng rut b
Page 4
ph v, tt c hoc ch mt loi no sinh sn ln qu nhiu s sinh ra hin tng

lon khun. Lon khun ng rut l nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra bnh ng tiu
ha v c bit l hi chng tiu chy.
Vi khun ng rut nh E.coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella lun l nhng
nguyn nhn gy ra ri lon v tiu ha, vim rut v tiu chy ngi v nhiu
loi ng vt.
Theo o Trng t v cs (1996), E.coli chim t l cao nht (45,6%) trong
s cc vi khun ng rut gy tiu chy. Trong khi vi khun ym kh Cl.
perfringens gy bnh khi c iu kin thun li v khi n tr thnh vai tr chnh.
H Vn Nam v cs (1997), Archie (2001) khng nh rng vi khun ng
rut c vai tr khng th thiu c trong hi chng tiu chy.
Theo Nguyn Ng v cs (2000), thnh phn vi khun trong phn b, ngh b
tiu chy tp trung c 4 loi chnh: E.coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella, Klebsiella,
trong ch yu l E.coli v Salmonella spp c t l nhim tng ng l (72,48%
v 51,32%).
Nghin cu ca V t v on Th Bng Tm (1995) cho thy tru, ngh
khe mnh c t l nhim Salmonella spp t 23,3%-30,07% nhng trong trng
hp tiu chy t l ny tng ln 37,5% ( tru) v 71,43% ( ngh).
Nguyn Vn Quang (2004), nghin cu vai tr ca Salmonella spp v E.coli
trong hi chng tiu chy ca b, b cho thy E.coli v Salmonella spp bi nhim
vi t l cao, s lng E.coli tng gp 3 ln, Salmonella spp tng 1,98 ln.
Nguyn Vn Su (2005) nghin cu ba tnh min ni pha Bc kt lun:
vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp v Cl. perfringens thy b, ngh b tiu chy cao
hn b, ngh trng thi bnh thng.
Theo tc gi C Hu Ph v cs (1999), 70% mu bnh phm tiu chy ca
ln mc bnh tiu chy cc tui khc nhau, phn lp c 60 chng E.coli
chim 85,75% v Salmonella spp chim 80%. T kt qu gp phn khng vi khun
E.coli v Salmonella spp ng vai tr chnh gy hi chng tiu chy.
V Bnh Minh v C Hu Ph (1999) nghin cu v E.coli v Salmonella
Page 5
spp gy tiu chy trn ln cho bit t l pht hin E.coli c trong phn l 80-90%
trong s mu xt nghim. Nh vy, E.coli, Salmonella spp, Clostridium perfringens
l nhng vi khun thng gp trong cc loi vi khun gy tiu chy cho gia sc ni
chung v b, ngh ni ring.
Virus
Virus cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra hi chng tiu chy gia
sc. c nhiu nghin cu kt lun mt s virus nh: Rotavirus, TGE,
Enterovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus cng c vai tr nht nh gy ra hi chng tiu
chy. Virus l tn thng nim mc ng tiu ha, suy gim sc khng ca c
th v gy tiu chy th cp tnh.
Theo Phm S Lng v cs (1997), virus TGE c s lin h c bit vi cc
t bo rut non. Khi xm nhp vo t bo v ph hy t bo trong vng n 5 ting.
Trong sa khng c tiu ha, nc khng c hp thu dn n tiu chy,
mt dch, cht in gii v con vt c th b cht.
Rotavirus thng gy ra hi chng tiu chy cho ln, b v ngi. Ln con
t 1 n 6 tun tui thng hay mc vi cc biu hin lm sng km n, b n, tiu
chy nhiu ln trong ngy gy st do mt nc v nm bp mt ch. Giai on
cui con vt biu hin thiu mu, try tim mch v cht.
Lecce (1976), Nilson (1984) xc nh vai tr ca Rotavirus trong hi
chng tiu ha ln. Khoon Teng Huat (1995) thng k c 11 loi virus c
tc ng lm tn thng ng tiu ha gy vim rut a chy nh Adenovirus type
IV, Enterovirus, Rotavirus...
Theo Bergenland (1992) trong s nhng mm bnh thng gp ln trc
v sau cai sa b bnh tiu chy c rt nhiu loi virus: 29% phn ln tiu chy
phn lp c Rotavirus trong khi TGE, Enterovirus v Parvovirus c t l phn lp
ln lt l 11,2%; 2% v 0,7%.
K sinh trng
K sinh trng k sinh trong ng tiu ha l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn
gy ra hi chng tiu chy. Ngoi tc ng ly i cht dinh dng ca vt ch, k
Page 6
sinh trng cn lm tn thng nim mc ng tiu ha. y l c hi cho cc vi

sinh vt c hi gy nhim trng.
Gia sc b mc bnh do giun trn gy ra c biu hin gy yu, n ung km,
da v nim mc nht nht do thiu mu, tiu chy mc trung bnh, khng lin
tc (Phm Ngc Thch, 1998).
Phan ch Ln (1994, 2004), theo di 37 tru b sn l gan nng thy c
triu chng gy rc, suy nhc c th, phn lng khng thnh khun, c khi a lng
(32/37); bng ng, a chy ko di (13/37).
Theo Nguyn Th Kim Lan v cs (2006), cc loi k sinh trng gy tiu chy
cho tru b thng gp l Nematode, Strongyloides, Ascarissuum, Fasciola
herpatica. Qua vic nghin cu tnh hnh nhim giun sn ca tru b: Nguyn Th
Lan Anh v cs (2000) cho bit: Tru b thng b nhim giun sn ng tiu ha t
rt sm v nhim mi la tui, c bit l t 1 n 4 thng tui, t l nhim giun
trn l 82,1%.
Theo kt qu ca Phm S Lng v cs (2006) c 16 loi giun k sinh trong
ng tiu ha ca tru b c Lc, trong c mt 1 loi k sinh gan, 11 loi
d c, 1 d mi kh, 2 loi rut non v 1 loi rut gi. Loi gy tc hi nng
nht l Fasciola ssp k sinh ng dn mt, lm ri lon chc nng sinh l ca gan
lm cho gia sc gy yu, ri lon tiu ha.
Giun a Toxocara vitulorum thng gy a chy phn trng cho b, ngh
non t 1 n 3 thng tui. Sn l gan Fasciola gigantica trong qu trnh k sinh tit
c t gy a chy cho b non. K sinh trng thng l nguyn nhn tin pht cho
nhim trng v a chy nng b (Phm S Lng v cs, 2002).
Theo L Vn Nm (2004), ln con, b, ngh nhim cu trng thng c
chn on khng chnh xc nn 30-50% gia sc non b cht, s cn li ci cc v
chm ln.
Phm S Lng v cs (2002) cho bit: giun a Ascaris suum trng thnh c tr
rut non gy vim nim mc rut, gy lot nim mc, lm gia sc au bng v a chy.
Page 7
1.2.2. Nhng nguyn nhn khc

Thi tit kh hu
Ngoi cnh l yu t quan trng nh hng n sc khng ca c th
ng vt ni chung v i vi vt nui ni ring, c bit l gia sc non. Theo
nghin cu Nguyn Vnh Phc (1978) v o Trng t (1996), nc ta nm
trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, thi tit c chia lm 4 ma r rt, trong
mi ma u c s bin i thi tit, nhit , m, nh sng v cc thay i v
chm sc nui dng. Nhng s thay i l iu kin thun li cho cc mm
bnh gy hi pht trin, gy cht nhiu gia sc trong ph bin l cc bnh v
ng tiu ha.
Trong cc yu t thi tit th s thay i v nhit v m cao l hai yu
t gy nh hng nhiu nht ti sc khe n vt nui. Lnh v m gy ri lon h
thng iu ha thn nhit nh hng n qu trnh trao i cht, lm gim sc
khng, khi h vi sinh vt ng tiu ha c iu kin thun li tng s lng,
c lc v gy bnh.
Theo cc tc gi Niconxki (1986), S An Ninh (1993), H Vn Nam v cs
(1997), khi gia sc chu lnh m ko di h min dch suy gim do gia sc d b
vi khun cng c gy bnh.
Cc yu t nng, lnh, ma, nng, hanh, m thay i bt thng v iu kin
chm sc nui dng nh hng trc tip n c th ln, nht l c th ln con cha
pht trin hon chnh, cc phn ng nghi cn yu (on Th Kim Dung, 2004).
K thut chm sc nui dng
Chm sc nui dng c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong chn nui. Vic
thc hin ng quy trnh chm sc nui dng s em li sc khe v s tng
trng cho gia sc. Khi cht lng thc n thp km, chung tri khng m bo,
k thut nui chm sc khng ph hp l nguyn nhn lm gim sc khng gia
sc d mc bnh.
Theo nghin cu Trnh Vn Thnh (1885) v H Vn Nam (1997), khu
phn n cho vt nui khng thch hp, trng thi thc n khng tt, thc n km
Page 8
cht lng nh: mc, thi v nhim cc tp cht, cc vi sinh vt c hi dn n ri

lon tiu ha km theo vim rut a chy gia sc.
Thay i thc n t ngt, c bit l tng hm lng m v cht bo
thng lm cho b, ngh ri lon tiu ha dn n vim rut (Phm S Lng v cs,
2002; Laval, 1997); thc n thiu cc cht khong, vitamin cn thit cho c th gia
sc, ng thi phng thc cho n khng ph hp s lm gim sc khng ca
gia sc v to c hi cho cc vi khun gy hi chng tiu chy.
Nh vy, c th ni hi chng tiu chy ca b, ngh l mt hi chng bnh
l rt phc tp ng tiu ha, do nhiu nguyn nhn, nhiu yu t tc ng.
Trong phm vi nghin cu ca ti, chng ti xin trnh by vai tr ca vi khun
E.coli, Salmonella spp gy hi chng tiu chy trn n b sa.
1.3. Tnh hnh nghin cu v vi khun gy hi chng tiu chy b, ngh
1.3.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu trn th gii
T lu, trn th gii c rt nhiu nghin cu v vi khun E.coli v
Salmonella spp. Vi khun E.coli c cc bc s ngi c Theodor Escherich
(1857-1911) m t ln u tin vo nm 1885, E.coli thuc h Enterrobacteriace.
Escherichia coli thng xut hin sm rut ngi v ng vt s sinh sau khi
2 gi chng thng c tr phn sau ca rut, t khi thy d dy hay rut non, v
hot sng trong rut gi ca ngi v ng vt. Smith (1963) cho thy hai loi
c t l thnh phn chnh ca Enterotoxin c pht hin cc vi khun E. coli
gy bnh. Hai loi c s khc bit v kh nng chu nhit. c t chu nhit ST
(Heat-Stable Toxin) chu nhit 100oC trong vng 15 pht. c t khng chu
nhit LT (Heat-Labile Toxin) b v hot nhit 60oC trong vng 15 pht.
Theo Smith v cs (1968), trong nc nhim cc loi vi khun gy bnh
mang plasmid khng thuc c th sng rt lu. Nc nhim E.coli v Salmonella
spp ch yu do ng vt thi trc tip hay gin tip. Minchew v cs (1978) pht
hin c 48% s chng vi khun E.coli phn lp ngoi ng rut c kh nng
dung huyt, trong khi vi khun phn lp t phn ch c t 8-10% cc chng gy
dung huyt.
Page 9
Evan v cng s (1981) xc nh c 48% chng E.coli phn lp ngoi

ng rut, 8-10% phn lp c t phn, 42% phn lp c t bng quang v
29% phn lp t mu v c kh nng dung huyt.
Theo Sokol (1981), vi khun E.coli thng trc trong ng rut tr thnh vi
khun gy bnh v trong qu trnh sng vi khun c th tip nhn cc yu t gy
bnh, bao gm cc yu t dung huyt (Hly), yu t cnh tranh (Colv) v cc yu t
bm dnh. C 5 yu t bm dnh gm F4 hay cn gi l K88 (K88ac, K88ab,
K88ad); F5 hay cn gi l K99; F6 hay cn gi l 987P. Loi khng nguyn F4 cho
php vi khun c kh nng bm dnh vo t bo biu m ca ton b rut
non. Khng nguyn F5, F6 ch kt dnh t bo biu m phn gia v phn sau ca
rut non. Cc khng nguyn F4 v F6 ch c vi khun E.coli gy bnh trn ln, F5
ch yu vi khun E.coli gy bnh trn b. Cc yu t gy bnh ny khng c di
truyn bng ADN ca nhim sc th m di truyn bng ADN nm ngoi nhim sc
th c gi l plasmid. Qua hin tng di truyn bng tip hp, chnh yu t gy
bnh ny gip cho vi khun bm dnh vo t bo nhung mao ca rut non, xm
nhp vo thnh rut. T y, vi khun thc hin cc qu trnh gy bnh v sn sinh
c t, gy ph hy t bo nim mc rut, gy dung huyt, nhim c huyt. Felix
B (1983) cho rng plasmid mang m thng tin ngoi nhim sc th ca vi khun.
M di truyn ny c cu trc ADN hnh trn hai nhnh xon, c kh nng ti sinh.
Thng qua plasmid, vi khun c kh nng khng khng sinh, khng tia t ngoi v
c kh nng to colicin.
Ti Iraq, Abdul-rudha v cng s (1984) cho bit khi nghin cu 103 b b
tiu chy thy 41 chng E.coli gy bnh phn lp c thuc 12 nhm khng
huyt thanh khc nhau, trong d ch yu l O9 v O20 v khng nguyn K99. Acres
(1985) nghin cu nhim khun E.coli b s sinh khng nh: hi chng tiu
chy do Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) l bnh nhim khun ca b xy ra t ngy
u sau sinh. ETEC gy bnh c c lc gip chng pht trin rut v to ra
Enterotoxin.
Gunther v cng s (1985) nghin cu nh hng ca tui gia sc i vi
tiu chy ca b do vi khun E.coli gy ra, khng nh sc khng ca b i
Page 10
vi vi khun E.coli tng nhanh theo la tui.

AL-Dabbas v Willinger (1986) qua nghin cu tnh cht ca cc chng
E.coli b b tiu chy t nm 1970-1983 cho bit: 274 chng E.coli phn lp c
th type O101 chim 59,1%; O9 chim 25,9%; O8 chim 6,6% v O35 chim 2,6%.
C 12% s chng phn lp c khng xc nh type v 25,8% chng c c t.
Theo Janke v cs (1989), tui ca b ngh cm nhim Adherencia
Enteropathogenic E.coli (AEEC) t 2 n 4 thng tui, s cm nhim vi AEEC
dng nh l nguyn nhn duy nht ca bnh tiu chy v nguyn nhn t vong ca
mt s gia sc. Hin tng xut huyt ng rut ko theo cc tn thng bin i
t cc m nh lc c trn cc vt thng ln lan rng khp mng nhy rut l do
qu trnh bm dnh ca vi khun gy ra.
Fialova (1989) phn lp c 400 chng E.coli t b mc bnh v hu ht

cc b tiu chy trm trng, vim tnh mch rn, vim khp hoc mt s trng hp
nhim trng mu.
Tominaga (1989) xc nh c c im sinh ha v kh nng gy bnh ca
E.coli phn lp c t b b tiu chy. Cc c im sinh ha c bit ca vi khun
ny l k kh, di ng v sn sinh enzym, phn hy ur. Cc serotype huyt thanh
ca chng l O5:K. cc chng E.coli khng in hnh phn lp t b c sn sinh
Verotoxin, nhng khng sn sinh ST v LT.
Otoi (1990) nghin cu s cm nhim E.coli c cu trc khng nguyn
K99 b v kt qu iu tr khng huyt thanh hc cho thy c 11 chng E.coli
mang K99. Cc chng E.coli phn lp c t phn ca 50 b b tiu chy xc
nh c kh nng sn sinh c t chu nhit ST v khng sn sinh c t khng
chu nhit LT v c 9 chng mang khng nguyn O9, 2 chng c khng nguyn O8.
Nghin cu huyt thanh hc ca 100 gia sc t 92 trang tri cho kt qu 34 gia sc
c kim tra sau 6-9 thng c hiu gi khng th vi khng nguyn K99 cao gp 4
ln. Bljer v cs (1990), Janke v cs (1990) kt lun: E.coli gy hi chng tiu chy
b ch yu u c tr on kt trng gp, chng gy ra cc tn thng c bit
bao gm vim kt trng, xut huyt manh trng. Kt qu quan st cho thy 40%
Page 11
b v gn 90% gia sc cm nhim l s sinh, tui trung bnh l 11,8 ngy xut hin
hin tng vim ny.
Faibrother (1992) phn loi E.coli theo nhng yu t gy bnh m chng c
sn sinh bao gm: Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), Enterotoxinnic E.coli (ETEEC),
Enterotopathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Verotoxigenic E.coli(VTEC), Adherence
Enterotopathogenic E.coli (AEEC) t xc nh cc serotype mang cc yu t gy
bnh c trng cho tng loi vi khun trn tng nhm gia sc khc nhau.
Blanco (1993) nh gi vai tr ca: ETEC, VTEC, Necrotoxigenic (NTEC)
ca vi khun E.coli trn b mc tiu chy v cho rng b l ngun mang VTEC v
gy bnh cho con ngi. Nghin cu ca Cray (1995) cho thy s thi hi ca c
t E.coli O157:H7 c th c tm thy phn.
Martins v cs (2000) pht hin cc chng vi khun E.coli khng thuc vi t
l v mc cao, c n 50,5% s chng khng li t nht mt loi khng sinh
v 20,87% s chng khng li hai hay nhiu hn cc loi khng sinh khc nhau.
1.3.2. Nghin cu ti Vit Nam
Vit Nam, hi chng tiu chy do vi sinh vt c bit l E.coli v
Salmonella spp gy ra b, ngh xy ra hu ht cc tnh, thnh ph trong c
nc. Bnh v ang gy thit hi nghim trng cho chn nui tru b tt c cc
phng thc v quy m chn nui. V vy, c nhiu nghin cu bnh tiu chy
b, ngh do vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp. Nguyn Nh Thanh v cng s
(1997); C Hu Ph v cs (1996-2000) nghin cu phn lp vi khun t nhng gia
sc mc hi chng tiu chy cho thy t l phn lp vi khun E.coli cao 85-100%,
tip theo vi khun Salmonella spp v Streptococus.
Theo Phm Quang Phc (2003), khi nghin cu t l cht ca b, ngh mc
tiu chy t l nghch vi tui ca b, ngh. T l cht cao hn vo v ng xun.
Ngoi ra, yu t a l cng nh hng n t l cht. Tc gi cng xc nh cc
serotype O101, O9, O20 v O8 trong 213 chng E.coli phn lp c .
Nguyn Vn Quang (2004) cho bit khi b, b tiu chy c hin tng bi
nhim ca E.coli. Cc chng E.coli phn lp c t b, b b tiu chy sn sinh
c t ST l 83,3%; LT l 41,6%. 30% c kh nng dung huyt, 50% sn sinh F4
Page 12
(K88) v 55% sn sinh F5 (K99). Nghin cu ca tc gi c tin hnh cc tnh

Nam Trung B cng cho thy t l mc hi chng tiu chy b ngh cao nht vo
ma xun, thp nht vo ma thu. T l cht cao nht vo ma ng, thp nht vo
ma thu. T l cht cng gim theo tui.
S lng vi khun E.coli gy bnh tng ln cao hn so vi b khng b tiu
chy tng trung bnh 81,04% b v 184,62% ngh.
Trng Quang v cs (2006) nghin cu vai tr gy bnh ca E.coli trong hi
chng tiu chy ca b, ngh cho bit: khi b, ngh b tiu chy th s lng v t l
cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c mang cc yu t gy bnh v sn sinh c
lc (yu t bm dnh, kh nng dung huyt, c t ng rut, c t khng chu
nhit) tng gp nhiu ln so vi b, ngh khe.
1.4. Mt s vi khun ng rut quan trng
1.4.1. Vi khun E.coli
Vi khun E.coli c Theodor Escherich phn lp nm 1885 t phn tr em.
E.coli thng xut hin rt sm trong h tiu ha ca ngi v ng vt sau khi
c sinh ra v tn ti n khi con vt cht. Trong ng rut ng vt E.coli
chim khong 80% tng s cc vi khun hiu kh.
Cc chng vi khun E.coli thuc nhiu serotype khc nhau. Cho n nay
pht hin c 279 serotype, trong c 25 serotype c c lc v c vai tr quan
trng trong mt s bnh ca gia sc.
1.4.1.1. Mt s c tnh ca vi khun E.coli.
Vi khun E.coli thuc h Enterobacteriaceae, tc Escherichae, ging
Escherichia, loi Escherichia coli. Trong cc vi khun ng rut, E.coli ph bin
cn c tn Bacterium coli commune, Bacilus coli communis. iu kin bnh
thng, cc chng vi khun E.coli khng gy bnh, khi iu kin chm sc nui
dng, v sinh th y km, iu kin ngoi cnh bt li, dn n sc khng ca
con vt gim th vi khun E.coli tr nn cng c v c kh nng gy bnh.
c im hnh thi
Theo Bergeys (1957), vi khun E.coli l mt trc khun ngn, kch thc 2-
Page 13
3x0,6 m, c hai u trn, c lng nn a s di ng c, mt s khng c kh

nng di ng. Vi khun E.coli khng hnh thnh nha bo, c th c gip m, bt
mu gram m. Trong c th gia sc, vi khun c hnh cu ring r, i khi xp
thnh chui ngn. Di knh hin vi in t, thy nhng Pili yu t mang khng
nguyn bm dnh ca vi khun E.coli.
c tnh nui cy
E.coli l trc khun hiu kh ty tin, c th sinh trng nhit 5-40oC,
nhit thch hp l 37oC trong 24 gi, pH thch hp l 7,2-7,4 nhng c th pht
trin pH 5,5-8. Vi khun pht trin mnh trn mi trng nui cy thng thng.
Mt s chng c th pht trin c mi trng tng hp n gin:
- Trn mi trng nc tht: sau thi gian nui cy 37oC trong vng 24
gi, vi khun E.coli pht trin rt nhanh, mi trng rt c, c cn mu tro trng
nht lng xung y, i khi hnh thnh mng mng xm nht trn b mt mi
trng, mi trng c mi phn thi.
- Trn mi trng thch thng, bi dng 37oC trong 24 gi, vi khun
pht trin hnh thnh nhng khun lc trn t, bng lng, khng trong sut, mu
tro nht, hi li ng knh 2-3mm. Nui lu hn, khun lc chuyn mu gn nh
mu nu nht v mc rng ra. C th quan st thy c nhng khun lc dng M
(Mucoid) v dng R (Rough).
- Trn mi trng thch mu: sau 24 gi nui cy 37oC, vi khun E.coli
hnh thnh nhng khun lc to, t, li, vin khng gn, mu sng, kch thc t 12 mm, c th dung huyt hay khng ty thuc vo chng.
- Trn mi trng thch MacConkey: sau khi nui cy 24 gi trong t m
37oC, hnh thnh cc khun lc mu hng, trn nh, hi li, khng nhy, ra gn,
khng lm chuyn mu mi trng.
- Trn mi trng Indol: sau 24 gi nui cy 37oC vi khun hnh thnh
khun lc mu mn chn.
- Trn mi trng EMB: sau 24 gi 37oC vi khun hnh thnh khun lc
mu tm en c nh kim.
Page 14
- Trn mi trng thch SS: sau 24 gi nui cy 37oC vi khun hnh thnh
khun lc mu .
- Trn mi trng thch Brilliant Green Agar: sau 24 gi nui cy 37oC vi
khun hnh thnh khun lc dng S (Smooth), mu vng chanh.
Vi khun khng mc ln cc mi trng Malasit, Mulerkauffmann, kh
mc trong mi trng Wilson Blair.
c tnh sinh ha
E.coli c kh nng ln men sinh hi cc loi ng Glucose, Fructose,
Glactose, Lactose, Maniton, Mannit, Levulose, Xylose. C th ln men vi cc loi
ng Dulciton, Sacarose trong khi vi khun Salmonella spp th khng c c
tnh ny, y l im quan trng phn bit vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp
Nguyn Nh Thanh v cng s (1997).
Cc phn ng sinh ha: Lm ng vn sa sau 24 gi n 72 gi nhit
37oC. Khng lm tan chy Gelatin, huyt thanh ng, lng trng ng; H2S m tnh,
VP m tnh, MR dng tnh, Indol dng tnh.
Hon nguyn nitrat thnh nitrit, kh cacboxyl trong mi trng lysine
decacboxylase, c cc men cacboxylaza vi lyzin, dinitin, acginin, glutanic.
Sc khng
Vi khun E.coli khng hnh thnh nha bo nn c sc khng yu, cht
nhit 55oC trong vng mt gi, 100oC th cht ngay. Nhng chng vi khun
E.coli trong phn c xu hng khng cao hn nhng chng c phn lp t mi
trng bn ngoi. mi trng bn ngoi, cc chng vi khun E.coli gy bnh c
th tn ti n 2 thng (Nguyn Nh Thanh v cs, 1997).
Cu trc khng nguyn ca vi khun E. coli
E.coli c khng nguyn thn O (Somatic), khng nguyn lng H (flagellar),
khng nguyn v K (Caspular) v khng nguyn F (Fimbriae).
Hin nay, ngi ta xc nh c 170 nhm khng nguyn O, 70 type khng
nguyn K, 56 type khng nguyn H v mt nhm khng nguyn F Bertschinger v
cs (1992). Bng cc phn ng ngng kt, cc nh khoa hc pht hin c cc
Page 15
tnh cht phc tp, cc yu t khng nguyn ca vi khun E.coli, bao gm cc loi:
Khng nguyn O (Somatic khng nguyn thn)
Theo Zinner v Peter (1983), y l thnh phn chnh ca vi khun v cng
c coi l yu t c lc ca vi khun. Khng nguyn O c coi nh ngoi c t,
c th tm thy mng ngoi v ca vi khun v thng xuyn c gii phng vo
mi trng nui cy. Khng nguyn l lypopolysarcharide bao gm hai nhm sau:
Polysacharide c nhm hydro thnh ngoi vi khun, mang tnh cht c
trng cho khng nguyn tng ging.
Polysacharide khng c nhm hydro nm pha trong, khng mang c tnh
c trng m ch to s khc bit v khun lc (t dng S sang dng R).
Tnh cht ca khng nguyn O: Chu nhit (khng b ph hy khi b un
nng 100oC trong vng 2 gi); tn ti trong cn, axit HCl 1M trong 20 gi. Khng
nguyn O rt c, ch cn 1/20mg git cht chut nht trng sau 24 gi,
nhng b ph hy bi Fomol 0,5%.
Khng nguyn O bao gm cc thnh phn
Protein: lm cho phc hp mang tnh khng nguyn.
Polyosit: to ra tnh c hiu ca khng nguyn.
Lipit: kt hp vi Polyosit v l c s ca c tnh.
Theo Medearis (1968), khi lm mt dn tng phn t ng ca chui
polysacharide hay thay i v tr ca cc phn t ny s dn n thay i c lc
ca vi khun. Tt c khng nguyn O u hin din b mt, do vy c th kt hp
trc tip vi h thng min dch. Khi gp khng huyt thanh tng ng s xy ra
phn ng nhng kt gi l Hin tng ngng kt O. Thn vi khun ngng kt vi
nhau di dng nhng ht kh, rt kh tan khi lc.
Khng nguyn H (flagellar khng nguyn lng).
Khng nguyn H c cu to bi thnh phn lng vi khun, c bn cht
protein ging nh cht myosin ca c v mang cc c tnh sau:
B ph hy 60oC trong 1 gi. D b cn, acid yu v cc enzym phn gii
protein ph hy. Khng nguyn H vn tn ti khi s dng formol 0,5% x l.
Khi gp khng th tng ng s xy ra hin tng ngng kt, trong lng
Page 16
ca cc vi khun dnh li vi nhau. Cc khng th khng H c nh trn lng v l

cu ni vi cc lng bn cnh. Kt qu to ra cc ht ngng kt ging nh ht bng
nh. Cc ht ngng kt rt d tan khi lc v cc lng rt nh v di, d t. Cc vi
khun di ng khi gp khng th tng ng v s tr thnh khng di ng. Khng
nguyn H ca E.coli khng c vai tr bm dnh, p ng min dch nn t c
quan tm nghin cu nhng c ngha rt ln trong vic xc nh ging, loi ca vi
khun v bo v vi khun khng b tiu dit trong t bo i thc bo, gip vi khun
tn ti trong i thc bo Weinstein (1984).
Khng nguyn K (Capsular khng nguyn b mt)
Cn gi l khng nguyn b mt bao quanh vi khun v c bn cht l
polysacharide. Vai tr ca khng nguyn K cha c thng nht, c quan im
cho rng n khng c ngha v c lc, v vy chng E.coli c khng nguyn K
cng ging nh chng khng c khng nguyn K (Orskov, 1980) cng c kin
cho rng khng nguyn K c ngha v c lc do tham gia bo v vi khun trc
cc yu t phng v ca c th (Evan v cs, 1981). Khng nguyn K: c hai chc
nng chnh l h tr phn ng ngng kt vi khng nguyn O v to ra hng ro bo
v gip vi khun chng li iu kin ngoi lai v hin tng thc bo.
Theo Nguyn Nh Thanh (1997), khng nguyn K gm 3 loi khng nguyn:
L, A, B.
Khng nguyn L: ngn khng cho hin tng ngng kt O ca vi khun sng
xy ra, 100oC trong 1 gi khng nguyn L b ph hy.
Khng nguyn A: ngn hin tng ngng kt O, khng huyt thanh A trn
vi E.coli c khng nguyn A gy hin tng phnh v. 120oC trong vng 2 gi
khng nguyn A mi b phn hy.
Khng nguyn B: gm nhiu thnh phn: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5. Khng nguyn
B b tiu dit khi 100oC trong 1 gi.
Da vo cu trc khng nguyn O, vi khun E.coli c chia thnh lm
nhiu nhm, cn c vo cu to khng nguyn O, K, H vi khun E.coli c chia
thnh nhiu type, mi type u c ghi th t cc yu t khng nguyn O, K, H.
Khng nguyn gip m (khng nguyn v bc)
Page 17
Cht nhy gip m phn ln khng c tnh nh hnh v khuych tn, thng
c cu trc bi hp cht polysacharide nhng cu trc ny li ph thuc vo tng
vi khun khc nhau c cu trc khc nhau, do m tnh khng nguyn ca tng
loi vi khun khc nhau.
Trong qu trnh pht trin mt s vi khun tit ra cht nhy c kh nng tan
trong nc bao quanh vch vi khun, chng li s tc ng ca mi trng. C th
quan st trng thi t, d b mt khi thay i iu kin pht trin goi l gip m
(Capsul) Nguyn Nh Thanh v cs (1997).
Khng nguyn F (Fimbriae khng nguyn bm dnh)
Ngoi lng nhiu vi khun gram m ni chung trong c vi khun E.coli
cn c cc si gi l pili, c bn cht l protein bao ph trn ton b b mt vi
khun. Di knh hin vi in t, chng c hnh nh ging nh mt chic o lng
bao bc xung quanh vi khun, pili vi khun ng rut cng hn, lng khng ln
sng v khng lin quan n kh nng di ng. Mt s khng nguyn thng gp
cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c t phn gia sc a chy bao gm FE4, F5,
F6, F18 v F14. E.coli phn lp t ln c khng nguyn F4 (K88) cn b, ngh l
F5 (K99) ng vai tr quan trng nht trong vic bm dnh Parry v Peter (1978).
Khng nguyn F4 (K88): khng nguyn F4 c kh nng gy ngng kt hng
cu. c tnh ny khng b cn tr bi manose ( khng vi manose). Khng
nguyn ny ch c mt cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c t phn ln b
tiu chy, y l mt yu t c lc vi ln nhng khng c kh nng gy bnh vi
cc loi gia sc khc. iu ph thuc vo receptor c hiu c trn b mt t bo
biu m rut non ca cc loi gia sc khc ch cho php mt s serotype E.coli nht
nh no gn vo vi khng nguyn pili m thi. Khng nguyn F4 c sn
sinh nhit 37oC, trong khi nhit phng 25oC vi khun khng c kh nng
to khng nguyn ny. Thng tin cho m ha cho tng hp khng nguyn nm
ngoi nhim sc th, trn plasmid Gyles (1992).
Khng nguyn F5 (K99): trc y F5 c cho l khng nguyn bm dnh
ca vi khun E.coli. S sn sinh ca F5 ph thuc vo nhiu yu t ca vi khun
nh tc sinh trng, pha sinh trng, nhit v alanine trong mi trng. Cc
Page 18
gen m ha F5 nm trn ADN ca plasmid (Isaascon, 1983). Tuy nhin, hin ny

chng cng c tm thy vi t l thp cc chng ETEC phn lp t phn ln
tiu chy (Lindhl v cs,1990).
Khng nguyn F6 (987P): ging nh F4 v F5, F6 thng c mt cc nhm
khng nguyn O9, O20, O101, O149. Vt liu di truyn m ha qu trnh tng hp
nm ngoi nhim sc th, trn plasmid ca t bo vi khun (Orskov, 1980).
Khng nguyn F41: nhng nghin cu u tin F5 ch gm 1 n v, nhng
gn y phn tch in phn thy F5 c 2 n v , 1 i v cc dng v 1 i v m.
n v cc dng l 1 Fimbriae ring bit (F41). Vi phn t lng l 30.5 Kda
(Jacob v cs, 1985), (Raybould v cs, 1987). Cox v cs (1993) cho thy c t chng
F14 bm vo lng nhung. Tc gi cho rng ch c ln c sc khng vi s bm
dnh ca cc chng E.coli c F41 do receptor tng ng vi F41 gim s lng.
Khng nguyn F18
Khng nguyn F18 c Rippinger v cng s (1995) m t l c mi
quan h vi cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c t phn ln tiu chy trc cai
sa v bnh ph u. Da vo c im hnh thi, huyt thanh hc v c im
khng nguyn, ngi ta chia F18 thnh 2 loi: F18ab v F18ac. F18ab thng c
tm thy trong bnh ph u, trong khi F18ac phn lp c t phn ln con tiu
chy trc cai sa.
1.4.1.2. Cc yu t gy bnh ca vi khun E.coli
Kazunori (1987) v Berschinger (1992) cho bit: bnh vim rut tiu chy do
E.coli gy ra chu tc ng ca nhiu yu t thch hp cho vi khun chuyn t cng
sinh thng trc sang cng c v gy bnh. Trong qu trnh ny, E.coli thu nhn
nhng yu t c lc v nhng yu t khng phi l c lc.
- Cc yu t khng phi c lc
Kh nng bm dnh ca vi khun: l qu trnh lin kt vng chc gia b mt
vi khun vi mt t bo vt ch (Jones, 1976). Ngy nay, di knh hin vi in t, cc
xc nh sinh ha v PCR xc nh c cu trc vi th m nhn chc nng bm
dnh, gip vi khun c nh trn nim mc rut, l cc Fimbriae. c nhiu nghin
Page 19
cu xc nh cc khng nguyn bm dnh ca vi khun E.coli nh: F4 c E.coli gy

bnh tiu chy ln con, F18 gy bnh ph u ln con sau cai sa, F5 c E.coli
gy bnh cho b, ngh. F41 c E.coli gy bnh cho tr em Nagy (1999).
Hin tng bm dnh ca vi khun ln b mt t bo gm cc bc:
Bc 1:Vi khun lin kt tng phn vi b mt t bo, thc hin qu trnh
ny i hi vi khun phi c kh nng di ng Jones (1983). S lin kt ny tng
ln khi b mt ca cc vi khun c cc ion hot ng mnh, nh vy vi khun c
gi li trong lp dch nhy nim mc rut.
Bc 2: L qu trnh hp ph v n ph thuc vo c tnh b mt ca vi khun
v ca t bo m vi khun bm dnh v thc hin theo hng thun nghch, di tc
ng ca nhng lc tng h khc nhau (Freter, 1981). Chuyn ng thng ca vi
khun c th gip vi khun c nh v bm chc trn b mt t bo tham gia vo s hp
th ca qu trnh bm dnh (Uhlman, 1982) (trch theo Nguyn Th Ni, 1986).
Bc 3: Qu trnh tc ng tng tc gia cc yu t bm dnh ca vi khun
vi cc im tip nhn trn b mt t bo nh mng glucoprotein ca t bo rut
non (lng nhung, vi nhung), n l hp cht protein mch thng, c to bi cc
n v tiu phn, s lng n vi tiu phn quyt nh trng lng, di ca cc
yu t bm dnh. Lc gi v lin kt cc tiu phn trong yu t bm dnh n nay
cha r (Issacson, 1980).
Kh nng xm nhp ca vi khun: sau khi bm dnh, vi khun s xm
nhp vo bn trong t bo. , vi khun E.coli nhn ln vi tc ln, sn sinh
c t ng rut, gy phn ng vi nim mc v gy c.
Kh nng dung huyt (Hly): vi khun E.coli pht trin trong cc c quan
vt ch, F3+ c cung cp cho s dinh dng ph thuc vo cht Siderofor do vi
khun sinh ra. Cht ny c kh nng phn hy st lin kt trong t chc ca vt ch
thng qua s ph v hng cu vi khun s dng dng hp cht HEM. V vy,
kh nng sn sinh ra cht gy dung huyt (haemolyzin) ca vi khun c coi l
mt yu t c lc ca vi khun.
Kh nng khng khng sinh: trong thc t, nhiu loi khng sinh c s
Page 20
dng iu tr bnh ng rut. Ngoi ra, khng sinh cn c b sung thc n

phng bnh v kch thch tng trng gia sc, gia cm dn n hin tng khng
thuc ca vi khun. S khng khng sinh ca vi khun ni chung v vi khun ng
rut ni ring ngy cng gia tng v lm gim hiu qu iu tr ca khng sinh.
Hosoda v cs (1990) nghin cu s khng thuc ca vi khun E.coli v
cc plasmid R ca vi khun ny phn lp c t b tiu chy. Kt qu nghin
cu ch thy t l khng vi Tetracilin l 59,7%, Choloramfenicol l 21%,
Steptomycin 52,9%, Sulfadimethoxine 37,8%, Kanamycin 45,4%, Penicilin 43,7%
v Nalidixic axit 28,6%. C ti 53,7% s chng khng thuc mang cc plasmid R.
Theo Phm Khc Hiu (1996), tnh khng thuc ca vi khun E.coli vi mt
s khng sinh thng tng ln rt nhanh; mt s thuc c hiu qu trc y vi vi
khun E.coli hu nh khng c tc dng nh: Penicilin, Streptomycin v t l cc
chng E.coli khng nhiu loi khng sinh pht trin nhanh, c chng khng ht cc
loi khng sinh thng dng.
Vi khun E.coli cc loi gia sc khc nhau cho t l khng thuc khc
nhau: t l chng E.coli phn lp t tru, b khng Sulfonamid l 23,08-33,33%.
Phm Khc Hiu v cs (1999), phn lp chng khng li 11 loi khng sinh,
ng thi chng minh kh nng di truyn tnh khng thuc gia vi khun E.coli v
Salmonella spp di truyn plasmid, E.coli phn lp t ln con phn trng t l khng
Sulfornamid ln n 89,97%.
Theo kt qu xc nh t l khng khng sinh v cc yu t gy bnh ca vi
khun E.coli phn lp t ln con theo m ca Nguyn Ngc Nhin v cs (2003),
hin tng khng cng mt lc nhiu loi khng sinh l ph bin trong s cc chng
E.coli. Hu ht cc chng u c t l khng cao vi Tetracilin, Amoxilin,
Streptomycin, Cloramphenicol (t 76,42 97,17%). Trong khi , phn ln cc
chng u mn cm vi cc loi khng sinh nh: Amikacin, Apramycin v
Ceftiofur vi cc t l tng ng l 92,45%; 99,06% v 100%. Cc tc gi cng cho
bit ch c 58,49% s chng mn cm vi Aminoglycosides v 47,17% s chng
mn cm vi Neomycin. Enrofloxacin l mt loi khng sinh thuc th h mi
Page 21
thuc nhm Quinolone nhng c ti 44,34% s chng khng. Theo Phm Quang
Phc (2003), vi khun E.coli phn lp Thi Nguyn c tnh mn cm khc nhau
i vi Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin v Amikacin (vi t l 100%), Gentamycin (88,4%),
Neomycin (84,6%), Kanamycin (66,15%), Erythromycin (13,84%) v Ampicilin
(11,53%).
Nguyn Vn Quang (2004) phn lp E.coli t b, b tiu chy c kh nng
khng li cc loi khng sinh Ampicilin (vi t l 91,66%), Erythromycin (58,33%),
Rifamycin (33,33%), Trismulfa (25%) v Cefotexime (16,66%). Nguyn Vn Su
(2005) xc nh vi khun E.coli phn lp t b, ngh b tiu chy mn cm mnh
vi Penicilin (t l 100%), Erythromycin (83,33%) s chng nghin cu.
Trng Quang (2006) cho rng kh nng mn cm ca E.coli phn lp t b,
ngh b tiu chy vi Norfoxacin l 83,33% s chng, Colistin (83,33%) v
Neomycin (58,33%). T l khng vi Penicilin l 100%, Ampicilin (83,33%),
Kanamycin v Lincomycin l 66,66%.
Yu t khng khun ca vi khun E.coli: vi khun E.coli cng sinh vi
nhiu loi vi khun ng rut khc, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh pht
trin, chng thng sn sinh mt s loi cht khng khun c kh nng c ch hoc
tiu dit mt s vi khun khc gi l Colv v tr thnh vi khun chim u th trong
ng rut. Theo Virginial (1991), kh nng sn sinh Colv ca vi khun E.coli
c di truyn bng plasmid. Colv plasmid khng ch tm thy E.coli gy bnh
m cn tm thy cc vi khun ng rut khc. Nhiu tc gi cho Colv l mt
khng sinh c hiu qu, c th c tc dng vi tt c cc loi vi khun ng rut
tr vi khun sinh ra n v mong mun trong thi gian ti Colv c s dng rng
ri nh mt loi khng sinh.
- c lc - yu t gy bnh ca vi khun E.coli
Sinh ra c t c xem l kh nng dc bit ca vi khun E.coli v yu t bm
dnh l yu t c lc v cng quan trng lun c bit n trong nhng nghin cu v
E.coli. Vi khun E.coli to ra 2 loi c t: ni c t v ngoi c t.
Ngoi c t (Exotoxin): Loi c t ny ch c vi khun c c lc.
Page 22
Ngoi c t l mt cht khng chu nhit, d b ph hy 56oC trong vng 10-30

pht. Di tc ng ca formol v nhit , ngoi c t thnh gii c t. Ngoi
c t c tnh thn kinh v gy hoi t. Hin nay, vic chit xut ngoi c t cha
thnh cng m ch c th pht hin trong canh trng ca nhng chng mi phn lp
c (o Trng t v cs, 1995).
Ni c t (Endotoxin): C bn cht l lypopolysacharide (LSP) v lipit A
cu to nn thnh t bo vi khun. Khi t bo v th cc cht ny c gii phng
v gy c cho t bo vt ch, l c t ch yu ca trc khun ng rut. Ni c
t c cu trc polysacharide thuc v khng nguyn hon ton v c c tnh hiu
qu cao i vi cc chng ca mi serotype. Hin nay, khi nghin cu v c t vi
khun E.coli gy tiu chy gia sc, ngi ta thng ch n hai c t ng
rut ch yu l: c t khng chu nhit LT v c t chu nhit ST.
1.4.1.3. C ch gy bnh ca vi khun E.coli
Vi khun E.coli c kh nng gy bnh cho tt c cc loi ng vt mu nng.
Vi khun E.coli tn ti bnh thng trong ng ng tiu ha ca gia sc, gia cm.
Di nh hng ca mt s yu t nht nh, cc chng ca vi khun E.coli c c
lc gy bnh lin quan n tnh trng tiu chy v nhim trng huyt gia sc non
hoc gy bnh h hp gia cm. Cc chng khc khng gy tiu chy c th tr
thnh cn bnh khi iu kin thun li. Vi khun E.coli c th gy bnh c l do
nhiu yu t nh: kh nng bm dnh, kh nng xm nhp, cc loi khng nguyn,
yu t dung huyt, yu t khng khun, kh nng khng khng sinh v c t.
Nhng quan trng nht l 2 yu t c lc chnh: khng nguyn bm dnh
(fimbriae) v c t ng rut.
Theo Gyles (1992), cc giai on xm nhp v gy bnh ca vi khun E.coli
bao gm:
- Thm nhp vo rut non.
- Tng nhanh s lng bm dnh trn t bo biu m nim mc rut non.
- Sn sinh c t ng rut tc ng ln mng t bo biu m nim mc
rut non ca vt ch dn n qu trnh ca bnh l.
Page 23
Giai on 1: vi khun xm nhp vo ng tiu ha, vi khun vt qua hng

ro bo v b mt t bo biu m ng rut. xm nhp, vi khun phi to ra
cht c chng li t bo thc bo, t mi c th tn ti v sn sinh pht trin
trong t bo nim mc rut ca vt ch. Tuy nhin, cc yu t khng khng c
hiu ca vt ch nh: dch v d dy, kh nng nhu ng ca rut non, dch nhy,
lyzozim v h vi khun c ch trong ng rut lm gim kh nng kt dnh ca vi
khun E.coli vi t bo biu m rut bng cch che ph cc receptor c hiu i
vi vi khun E.coli.
Giai on 2: vi khun tn cng vo t bo biu m rut, sau khi bm vo
receptor c hiu, vi khun E.coli gy nn nhng bin i b mt t bo biu m
lng nhung sau vi khun xm nhp vo bn trong t bo biu m nhung mao
rut. Vi khun c kh nng nhn ln trong t bo ri lan sang cc t bo bn cnh.
Hot ng ca t bo thc bo v kh nng vi khun sng st nhn ln trong t bo
thc bo l yu t quyt nh trong qu trnh sinh bnh. Khi vi khun c tr bn
trong t bo, c th trnh c tc ng ca khng sinh, khng th v b th. tn
ti, vi khun Ecoli phi chng li mt lot cc yu t bt li bn trong t bo thc
bo cc hp cht trung gian ca qu trnh chuyn ha, pH thp, tnh trng thiu st...
Nh vo qu trnh hot ng ca phagosome v lizosome, chng gy bin i biu
m rut, qua tc ng gy thoi ha hoi t t bo. Vi khun cn ph hy t bo
tiu cu gy lng ng Fibrin dn n tn thng thnh mch. ng thi vi khun
tp trung vo mng payer thnh rut gy bin i bnh l ti y.
Giai on 3: kch thch bi xut dch th, phn ng vim i vi qu trnh
xm nhp t bo rut non ca vi khun gy ra l mt yu t quan trng kch thch
gy bi xut dch th. Prostaglandin c gii phng trong qu trnh vim hot
ha Adenylatecyclase. Enzym ny xc tc chuyn ha ATP thnh AMP vng. AMP
vng ni bo tng dn, dn n qu trnh bi xut Na+, Cl- v nc ra khi t bo
khoang rut. Nc v kh to ra trong qu trnh ln men di tc ng ca vi khun
lm rut cng ln kch thch thn kinh thc vt rut to nn nhng cn nhu ng
rut mnh y nc v phn ra ngoi. T t bo nim mc rut, vi khun E.coli
xm nhp vo h thng hch mng treo rut, vo h tun hon dn n nhim trng
Page 24
huyt. Trong mu, vi khun E.coli tip tc nhn ln sn sinh yu t dung huyt, ph
v hng cu gy thiu mu, tng tnh thm thnh mch, nc t trong mao qun
thm xut ra tch t trong cc m bo gy ph. Theo mu, vi khun n cc c quan
ni tng, sn sinh c t ph hy t bo, tng tnh thm thnh mch; sn sinh c t
thn kinh ph hy t bo thn kinh. Gy cc th bnh, trng thi bnh v mc
bnh khc nhau. Song song, vi qu trnh trn cc sn phm ca qu trnh vim
cng ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh kch thch v bi xut dch th t t
bo dn n b, ngh b tiu chy.
Hnh 1.1: Vi khun E.coli tn cng h thng lng nhung ca thnh rut
(Gyles, 1992)
1.4.1.4. Hi chng tiu chy do vi khun E.coli gy ra trn b, ngh.
Vi khun E.coli l nguyn nhn quan trng gy bnh tiu chy cho gia sc
ni chung v gia sc non ni ring. gia sc non nh b, ngh, d, cu, ln
ngoi gy ra tiu chy, vi khun E.coli cn gy ra cc triu chng khc v gy t
vong rt cao nh: bi huyt, xut huyt, nhim trng huyt vi b, ngh khi mc
hi chng tiu chy do vi khun E.coli gy ra thng xut hin cc triu chng,
bnh tch c trng, d nhm vi cc nguyn nhn gy bnh khc.
Triu chng
Triu chng thng gp l st v tiu chy. Khi st, con vt khng b, nm mt
ch, r, lng x, mi kh, l , t vn ng. Sau mt ngy, phn lng dn, mu vng
hay trng xm, c khi c bt, c th c mu. Phn chua v rt thi, c th vt cn cu;
bng cng, hu mn bt phn. Gia sc au bng, rn nhiu thch nm, ng dy min
Page 25
cng, nhp tim nhanh v yu, tn s h hp tng cao, sau yu dn, thn nhit h
xung di mc bnh thng, chn lnh, hc h, mt lm v cht nhanh.
Thi gian bnh ph thuc vo s lng v c t ca vi khun E.coli hay
sc khng ca con vt. Trung bnh ko di 4-8 ngy, bnh thng c 2 th:
Th cp tnh: bnh tin trin khng th qu 5-10 ngy, nu con vt khng
cht th thi k phc hi di, b khi bnh pht trin ci cc.
Th mn tnh: Bnh ko di hng tun, hng thng v c c im nh: vim
phi, vim khp, c khi bnh tin trin khng th thy c. (Arkhangelxky, 1969;
Hutyra v cs, 1978; Sydney, 1986)
Theo Phm S Lng v Phn ch Ln (1997), bnh ch yu xy ra b,
ngh non sau khi mc bnh con vt b tiu chy lng, u tin c phn sn st, sau
tiu chy nng, phn ch l dch mu xm xanh, xm vng v c mi tanh. B, ngh
tiu chy nng c th 10-15 ln/ ngy, mt nc rt nhanh, lm cho con vt ri lon
in gii trong mu v cht trong tnh trng mt nc. Trng hp nng, rut xut
huyt nn phn c ln mu v nim mc rut ly nhy. B non thng cht sau 3-4
ngy vi t l cao 30-40% nu khng kp thi iu tr.
Bnh tch
Th cp tnh: Rut chng y hi, phn lng cha nhiu bt kh. Nim mc
rut , c khi mng i, xut huyt mch, c bit l rut gi xut huyt lm tm
hoc xut huyt trn lan, hch rut, gan hi sng. B b tiu chy do Salmonella spp
thy r lch sung to, cn vi b do b E.coli thy lch hi sng.
Th mn tnh: Lch vn sng to, c nhng hoi t gan v lch.
Chn on bnh
Theo Phm S Lng v cs (2002) th vic chn on bnh tiu chy do vi
khun E.coli gy ra rt phc tp bi v nhng triu chng, bnh tch xut hin tng
t nh hi chng tiu chy do nhng nguyn nhn, vi khun khc, cc loi n bo
hay virus. Hn na, vi khun E.coli gy bnh thng kt hp vi cc mm bnh
khc. Vic nui cy phn lp t phn b, ngh b bnh cng rt d dng nhng phi
tin hnh xem c phi vi khun E.coli gy bnh hay E.coli cng sinh. V vy, sau
Page 26
khi phn lp vi khun E.coli cn phi xc nh cc yu t gy bnh nh: K99,

Enterotoxin ng thi xc nh thm cc loi mm bnh khc nh Rotavirus,
Coronavirus, Salmonella, nhng c th cn c vo pH ca phn. Nu tiu chy do
vi khun E.coli, thng pH ca phn nghing v bazo (pH>7).
Phng bnh
Cho b y sa u, m bo v sinh chung tri, dng c chn nui, mi
trng sch khng b nhim khun vi khun E.coli. Trnh cc yu t stress nh
ma, lnh t ngt. Trc y, mt s nc dng vaccine E.coli tim cho tru b
cha to min dch qua sa u nhng hiu qu min dch cn c nhiu kin
khc nhau. Gn y bng k thut sinh hc phn t ch to vaccine cha cc loi
khng nguyn K99, Enterotoxin dng tinh khit tim cho tru b cha vo thi gian
6 v 3 tun trc khi . Kt qu cho thy b sinh ra t b c tim vaccine t l
bo h 100% v b sinh ra t b khng c tim vaccine t l bo h l0%. (Phm
S Lng v cs, 2002).
Phm Quang Phc (2003), da trn c s phn lp vi khun E.coli b, ngh
b tiu chy, chn cc chng c lc mnh mang y cc yu t gy bnh
kim chng qua thc nghim sn xut Autovaccine phng bnh. Tim 3ml/con
cho b, ngh t 1-12 thng tui, hiu lc bo h c 64%.
Theo Nguyn Vn Quang (2004), dng vi khun E.coli c chn t cc
chng phn lp t b, b b tiu chy sn xut khng th t lng trng g th
nghim cho ung vi liu 25ml/ 10 kg th trng, 3 ln ngy th sau 3-5 ngy iu tr
khi 100% b b tiu chy.
iu tr bnh
Dng cc loi khng sinh theo ng ming (ung, trn vo thc n) v
ng tim. Trc khi dng khng sinh iu tr nh gi kh nng khng khng
sinh. B sung nc v cc cht in gii, cc yu t vi lng b mt cn bng bng
cch cho ung hoc truyn dung dch nc mui sinh l 0,9%, dung dch nc
ng u trng 20%, ung dung dich Orezol. C th dng dung dch nc mui
sinh l vi 5% dextran truyn 250ml vo tnh mch. Ngoi ra, chng vim bng
Page 27
Dexamethazon; kt hp vi cc loi vitamin K, C, B1 chng xut huyt ng

tiu ha v nng cao sc khng cho b, ngh (Phm S Lng v cs, 2002).
Phm Quang Phc (2003), dng 3 loi khng sinh: Norfloxacin, Gentamycin
v Neomycin kt hp vi b sung cht in gii, nc sinh l chng c cho b,
ngh cho kt qu tt.
Nguyn Vn Su (2005), dng cc thuc khng sinh Norfloxacin,
Kanamycin kt hp vi s dng cht in gii l Orezol v thuc lm se nim mc
rut, cht tr lc v b sung cc vitamin.
1.4.2. Vi khun Salmonella spp
Nm 1885 vi khun Salmonella spp c Salmon v Smith phn lp ln u
tin t ln v c coi l nguyn nhn gy bnh dch t ln. n nm 1903 cc nh
khoa hc xc nh c nguyn nhn gy ra dch t ln l do virus v cho rng
Salmonella spp ch c vai tr k pht.
Nm 1933, vi khun l Salmonella spp c t tn cng vi s cng b ca
Kauffman v White v cu trc khng nguyn ca vi khun ny.
1.4.2.1. Mt s c tnh ca Salmonella spp
Hnh thi v tnh cht bt mu:
Salmonella spp l trc khun ngn, hai u trn, bt mu gram m, kch
thc 1-3 x 0,4 0,6 , c kh nng di ng nh c 7- 12 lng xung quanh thn (tr
Salmonella pullorum v Salmonella gallinarum). Vi khun Salmonella spp khng
hnh thnh nha bo v gip m.
c tnh nui cy:
Salmonella spp l vi khun hiu kh hoc ym kh ty tin. Nhit thch
hp cho s sinh trng, pht trin l 37oC.
Trn mi trng Macconkey: 35-37oC thi gian 24 gi, Salmonella spp pht
trin thnh nhng khun lc trn, trong, khng mu, nhn bng v hi li gia.
Trn mi trng Brilliant green: hnh thnh khun lc mu .
Trn mi trng BGA: hnh thnh khun lc mu , bao bc xung quanh
bi mi trng mu hng nht.
Page 28
c tnh sinh ha
Phn ln Salmonella spp ln men c sinh hi cc ng glucose, mannit,
mantose, glactose, levulo, mantol. Cng c mt s loi ln men nhng khng sinh hi.
Cc phn ng sinh ha: Indol m tnh, H2S dng tnh, VP m tnh, Ure m
tnh v dng tnh vi CatalazaKhng lm tan chy gelatin. Tuy nhin, 96%
Salmonella spp tit ra enzyme kh cacboxy i vi lysine, ornithine, arginine.
1.4.2.2. Sc khng ca Salmonella
Salmonella spp c sc chu ng kh mnh vi tc ng ca mi
trng.Trong nc, Salmonella spp c th tn ti 1 tun; trong nc , c th
tn ti t 2-3 thng. Trong phn rc, Salmonella spp c th sng 4 thng; trong
xc ng vt cht 2-3 thng. Tuy nhin, nhit 50oC, vi khun b dit sau 1
gi; 70oC trong vng 20 pht. Khi un si, Salmonella spp b tiu dit trong
vng 5 pht.
Vi cc ha cht, Salmonella spp c th tn ti c lu: Dung dch HgCl2
1%, formon 0,2%, axit phenic 3% dit Salmonella spp sau 15-20 pht. Dung dch
mui n 19% v nhit 8oC chng c th tn ti 4-8 thng.
1.4.2.3. Cu trc khng nguyn
Khng nguyn O c xem l yu t c lc ca vi khun, nm lp mng
pha ngoi, c c trng bi lipopolysaccharit v c gii phng ra mi trng
nui cy trng thi thun khit. Khng nguyn O c kh nng chu nhit, 100oC
vn bn vng trong nhiu gi, khng cn v axit. Khng nguyn ny rt phc tp,
n nay cc nh khoa hc tm thy 65 yu t khc nhau. Khng nguyn O gip vi
khun chng li kh nng phng v ca c th v hin tng thc bo.
Khng nguyn H: l khng nguyn ch c vi khun c lng, c bn cht
protein km bn vng, d ph hy nhit cao hoc x l bng cn v axit.
Khng nguyn K: l khng nguyn v, c phn thnh nhiu nhm da vo
c im sinh ha khc nhau. Khng nguyn ny khng phc tp gm 3 loi: 5antigen, Vi-antigen v M-antigen, trong c Vi-antigen khng tham gia vo qu
trnh gy bnh.
Page 29
1.4.2.4. Cc yu t gy bnh ca Salmonella spp

Qu trnh gy bnh ca Salmonella spp c s tham gia ca c t v cc yu
t khng phi l c t, chng gy bnh gin tip bng cch tc ng gy bt li
cho vt ch, mt khc, Salmonella spp to iu kin cho vi khun tc ng v gy
bnh. c t ca vi khun gm ni c t v ngoi c t, trong ni c t ng
vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh gy bnh.
Yu t bm dnh: sau khi tip cn t bo vt ch, vi khun Salmonella spp
tc ng lm bin i b mt mng t bo bng cch thay i hnh dng cc si
actin mng t bo vt ch do tc ng ca vi khun lm tng hm lng Ca2+ ni
bo. Tn hiu hot ha actin depolimerizing enzyme dn n sp xp li cu trc
cc si actin. Sau khi hnh thnh cc khng bo cha vi khun Salmonella spp c
hp thu vo trong t bo di hnh thc hp th ni bo. T bo vi khun tip tc
tn ti bn trong khng bo ri nhn ln vi s lng ln ri ph v t bo vt ch
(Frost v cs, 1997).
Kh nng xm nhp: gip vi khun xm nhp qua lp mng nhy ca nim
mc rut, xm nhp vo trong biu m v sinh sn trong t bo ny.
Ni c t: thng l Lipopolysarcharit c gii phng t vch ca t bo
vi khun khi b dung gii. Di tc ng ca ni c t cc c quan v t bo c
biu hin tc mch mu, gin trng lc c, thiu oxy, toan huyt, ri lon tiu ha.
Evan v cs (1981), cho thy c t ca Salmonella spp gm hai thnh phn thm
xut nhanh (Rapid permeability Factor) v c t thm xut chm (Delayed
permeability Factor).
Theo Petetson (1980), c t thm xut nhanh gip Salmonella spp xm
nhp vo t bo biu m ca rut, cu trc v thnh phn ging c t chu nhit
ca E.coli, gi l c t chu nhit ca Salmonella spp.
Nh vy chng ta c th thy vi khun Salmonella spp gy bnh bng cc
yu t l c t v khng c t lm bin i cu trc, chc nng ca t bo biu
m rut lm ri lon qu trnh hp thu dn n tiu chy.
Page 30
Chng 2
I TNG, VT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP
NGHIN CU
2.1. i tng v phm vi nghin cu.
2.1.1. i tng nghin cu.
Cc chng vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp phn lp t phn ca b khe
mnh v phn b mc hi chng tiu chy.
2.1.2. a im, thi gian nghin cu.
a im nghin cu.
Cc tri b sa s1, s 2 v phng th nghim Cng ty c phn thc phm
sa TH.
Thi gian nghin cu.
T thng 10 nm 2013 n thng 10 nm 2014.
2.2. Vt liu dng trong nghin cu
2.2.1. Mu bnh phm
Mu phn ca b khe mnh v b mc hi chng tiu chy nui ti cng ty
c phn thc phm sa TH.
2.2.2. Mi trng, ho cht, dng c th nghim.
Cc loi ho cht mi trng
- Thch thng (Chrom)
- Thch MacConkey.
- Thch mu.
- Thch EMB.
- Mi trng Gelatin, XLD, Hektoen, LDC, ure.
- Mi trng TSI
Cc loi ho cht v mi trng th phn ng ln men ng thng thng
trong phng th nghim nh: Glucose, Lactose, Manitol Sacrose, Dulcitol,
Salicin, Sorbitol,..
Page 31
- Mi trng th khng sinh .

- Thuc nhum Gram.
- Dung dch Kovas.
- Cc loi a giy khng sinh.
My mc thit b
- Bung cy v trng sn xut bi EuroClone S.p.a Italy, xut x Italya
- Ni hp t do cng ty HYSC Hn Quc sn xut. Xut x Hn Quc
- My ly tm sn xut bi EBA20HETIC zentrifugen, xut x c
- T sy Memmert D06836 hng sn xut Memmert c, xut x c
Ngoi ra, nghin cu ny cn c s h tr v vt t v phng tin ca
Vin th y quc gia, Vit Nam.
2.3. Ni dung nghin cu
- Tnh hnh bnh tiu chy b nui ti cng ty C phn thc phm sa TH.
- Xc nh t l nhim vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp b nui ti cng ty
c phn sa TH.
- Xc nh c tnh sinh vt, ha hc ca cc chng vi khun E.coli,
Salmonella spp phn lp c.
- Xc nh s lng vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp trong phn b.
- Xc nh serotype ca cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.
- Kim tra tnh mn cm ca cc chng E.coli, Salmonella spp phn lp c
vi mt s loi khng sinh.
- Xy dng mt s phc iu tr hi chng tiu chy b do vi khun
E. coli, Salmonella spp gy ra.
2.4. Phng php nghin cu
2.4.1. Phng php ly mu
Mu phn
- Mu phn: ly theo phng php m t bi Steven v cs (1989). Mu phn
ly trc tip t trc trng, mu c ly theo tng c th t mi nhm b.
- Phng php ly: trc khi thu mu, vng xung quanh hu mn c ra
sch ri st trng bng cn ethanol 70o. Lng mu cn thit 5g ly t mi b.
- Bo qun mu: trong dng c ng mu thng bo n.
Page 32
- X l mu: trn mi mu u ghi y cc thng tin lin quan n b

c ly mu (s hiu, a im, ma v, tui, trng thi phn).
Mu c quan
- Mu c quan: ly theo phng php m t bi Steven v cs (1989).
- Phng php ly: sau khi m khm ct mt phn c quan cho vo l v trng.
- Bo qun mu: gi trong thng bo n c v trng.
- X l mu: trn mi mu u ghi y cc thng tin lin quan n b
c ly mu (s hiu, a im, ma v, tui, trng thi c quan ni tng).
2.4.2. Phng php phn lp v gim nh vi khun
- Vi khun E.coli: c phn lp v gim nh theo phng php ca Carter
(1995), cc bc c tm tt trong hnh 2.1.
- Vi khun Salmonella: c phn lp v gim nh da trn quy trnh phn lp
theo tiu chun Vit Nam 6402:2007, ISO 6785:2001cc bc c tm tt hnh 2.2
Phn ng ln men ng
Gm ba ng: Lactose, succrose, glucose
Cy hai bc
- u tin cy trn mt nghing
o
- Th hai: cy m su vo chn thch. 37 C/24h

Nu ch ln men Glucose.
- Mt lng nh glucose trong mi trng ln men trong gi u nui cy.
- Sau , vi khun ly nng lng trong qu trnh oxy ha peptone phn
thch nghing c mu (hin tng kim ha mi trng)
- Peptone phn chn thch khng c s dng v khng c O2 phn chn
vn gi nguyn mu vng.
Ln men ng trn TSI, sinh H2S ca Salmonella spp
Nu ln men c glucose, sucrose v hoc lactose.
- T 18 - 24h, ton b phn chn v mt nghing thch c mu vng.
- Sau 24 h: kim ha mi trng do vi khun s dng pepton, mi trng
chuyn mu (ch phn mt nghing v pepton chuyn ha trong iu kin hiu kh.
- Nu ln men sinh hi s thy cc bt kh hoc nt thch
- Phn gii sodium thiosulfate thnh hydrogen sulfide: phn chn thch c
Page 33
mu en (H2S dng tnh)

Vi khun (mi trng acid) + sudium thiosulfate H2S (gas bay ln)
H2S + ion st St sulfide (khng tan to ta mu en)
2.4.3. Phng php xc nh tng s vi khun hiu kh, s lng E.coli v
Salmonella spp trong 1g phn.
S lng vi khun hiu kh E.coli, Salmonella spp c xc nh theo k thut
m s khun lc theo phng php m t bi Quinn v cs (1994),mu kim tra c
pha long vi dung dch m pepton theo t 1/9 t c cc bc pha long thp
phn khc nhau (10-1 , 10-210-n). Mi mu kim tra phi nui cy t nht 3 bc pha
long lin tip, mi bc pha long nui cy 2 a petri, trn cc mi trng c hiu
cho php nhn dng ban u vi vi khun cn kim tra. Nui cy hiu kh nhit
37oC xc nh tng s vi khun hiu kh, c kt qu sau 24-48 gi. Nng nhit
nui cy ln 42oC xc nh s lng E.coli v Salmonella spp.
xc nh s lng vi khun E.coli, mu kim tra c nui cy trn mi
trng thch MacConkey. Nhng khun lc c kch thc ln (1mm 3mm), trn,
mt kh, mu hng cch sen u c xem xt l khun lc E.coli. Chn 5 khun
lc in hnh gim nh cc tnh cht sinh ha v xc nh t l ri tnh kt qu
theo t l xc nh. xc nh s lng vi khun Salmonella spp, mu phn sau
khi pha long c ria cy trn mi trng BGA. Cn c vo c im pht trin
ca khun lc trn mi trng xc nh s lng khun lc nghi ng l
Salmonella spp. Tnh ton kt qu theo t l xc nh. Dy phn ng IMVIC
(Indol, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer v Citrat) l nhng phn ng sinh ha bt
buc kim tra, lm c s phn bit cc thnh vin ca h vi khun ng rut.
Trong , phn ng Indol c coi l phn ng nhy cho php phn bit ban u
E.coli v Salmonella spp (hnh 2.3)
2.4.4. Phng php xc nh c tnh sinh vt ha hc ca vi khun E.coli
Ly mu, phn lp, xc nh s lng v gim nh c tnh sinh vt ho hc
ca E.coli theo Quinn v cs (1994).
Cc phn ng sinh vt ha hc dng xc nh phn bit vi khun E.coli.
Page 34
*Phn ng sinh Indol:

Nguyn l: trong mi trng khng c ng m ch c peptone, mt s
vi khun sn sinh men Tryptophataza lm phn gii Trytophan sinh Indol.
- Cch tin hnh: cy khun lc vo mi trng c nc peptone hay mi
trng c cha tryptophan, nui 37oC t 18 n 24 gi. Nh 0,2 n 0,3 ml thuc th
kovas vo mi trng nui cy vi khun, quan st c kt qu trong vng 1 pht.
- nh gi kt qu: phn ng dng tnh trn b mt mi trng xut hin
mt vng trn mu (do indol kt hp vi p-dimethylaminobenzal dehyde trong
thuc th kovacs).
Indol + P.dimetylaminobenzaldehyt RosIndol (mu )
Phn ng m tnh: mi trng khng chuyn mu.
* Phn ng ln men sinh hi ng
- Thnh phn ca dung dch peptone:
Peptone : 15 g
Nc ct v trng : 1000 ml
- Cch tin hnh:
Trong 100ml mi trng pepton cho vo 1ml ch th mu Andrader, lc u
ri chia ra cc ng nghim. Mi ng 5 ml c ng Duham ( kim tra sinh hi ca
vi khun). Pha cc loi ng Glucose, lactose thnh dung dch 10%, 20%, hp
t 110oC trong vng 20-30 pht. Cho vo mi ng mi trng nc pepton 5-6
git dung dch ng 10%, 20% trong t m 37oC trong vng 24 gi, kim tra c
tp khun th loi b thay th bng ng mi trng khc. Sau cy vi khun cn
gim nh vo bi dng nhit 37oC trong 24 gi.
- nh gi kt qu: qua 2 phn ng
+ Phn ng ln men ng:
Phn ng dng tnh: mi trng chuyn thnh mu hng (do vi khun
ln men ng lactose sinh hi s lm gim pH mi trng dn n thay i mu
ca mi trng).
Page 35
Phn ng m tnh: mi trng khng chuyn mu.

+ Phn ng sinh hi:
Phn ng dng tnh: ng Duham b y ln v trong ng c mt khong kh
(do vi khun ln men ng lactose sinh hi).
Phn ng m tnh: ng Duham vn y ng nghim, khng xut hin kh
trong ng nghim.
Ln men ng trn TSI
Nu ln men c glucose, sucrose v/hoc lactose.
- T 18 - 24h, ton b phn chn v mt nghing thch c mu vng.
- Sau 24 h: kim ha mi trng do vi khun s dng pepton, mi trng
chuyn mu (ch phn mt nghing v pepton chuyn ha trong iu kin hiu kh.
- Nu ln men sinh hi s thy cc bt kh hoc nt thch.
Th nghim kh nng di ng
Nguyn tc: pht hin kh nng di ca vi khun nh c roi u t bo.
- C th th kh nng di ng bng cch cy m su trong thch mm,
o
khong 2/3 di thch. 37 C t 18-24h

- Phn ng dng tnh: Vi khun c th di ng xung quanh ng cy, xon
c hoc lm c ton b ng thch.
2.4.5. Phng php kim tra tnh mn cm vi khng sinh ca vi khun.
Phng php Bauer Kirby dng nh gi tnh mn cm vi khng sinh
ca vi khun m t bi Carter v Cole (1990), cc bc c tm tt trong hnh 2.4.
Page 36
Bng 2.1. Bng tiu chun phn tch kt qu ng knh vng v khun
K
Khng sinh
hiu
Hm lng
ng knh vng v khun (mm)
(g)
Khng
Mn cm
trung bnh
Mn cm
Tetracyclin
30
14
15 18
19
Norfloxaxin
NF
30
12
13 17
18
Colistin
CL
10
9 10
11
Neomycin
30
12
13 16
17
Penicillin
10
11
12 21
22
Ampicilin
AMP
10
11
12 13
14
10
11
12 14
15
Erofloxacin
EF
30
12
13 16
17
Erythromycin
ER
15
13
14 17
18
Kanamycin
30
13
14 17
18
Streptomycin
Page 37
Chng 3
KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.
Hi chng tiu chy b ngh xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra. Cc yu t vi
khun, virus, k sinh trng c th l nguyn nhn nguyn pht hoc th pht gy bnh
nhng u gy tn thng ng tiu ha km theo l nhim khun bi nhim. nh
gi c tnh hnh dch bnh tiu chy trn n b sa nui ti cng ty c phn thc
phm sa TH chng ti theo di 3 l b c tui t 1 ngy tui n 70 ngy tui.
Bng 3.1: Kt qu nghin cu t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.
S theo di
B mc tiu chy
B cht
(con)
S con
T l (%)
S con
T l (%)
235
48
20,43
10
4,26
II
495
95
19,19
20
4,04
III
455
83
18,24
16
3,52
Tnh chung
1185
226
19,07
46
3,88
Kt qu bng 3.1 cho thy t l b mc tiu chy trung bnh l 19,07%; t l

cht l 3,88%. T l b mc hi chng tiu chy v t l cht ca cc l theo di
khng c s khc bit.
Kt qu ca chng ti ph hp vi nghin cu ca L Vn Trng (2008)
nhng t l cht do tiu chy ca trong nghin cu ny thp hn so vi mt s
nghin cu cng b. iu ny c th do quy trnh chn nui b cng ty theo
quy trnh cng nghip, vic kim sot v khng ch tiu kh hu chung nui, dch
bnh tt hn, ngun thc n m bo c v s lng v cht lng. Theo Trnh Vn
Thnh (1985) v H Vn Nam (1997), khu phn n cho vt nui khng thch hp,
tnh trng thc n khng tt, thc n km cht lng mc, thi, nhim tp cht vi
sinh vt c hi d dn n ri lon tiu ha km theo a chy. Thay i thc n t
Page 38
ngt, c bit tng lng m v cht bo lm cho b, ngh ri lon tiu ha dn

n vim rut (Phm S Lng v cs, 2002). Do iu kin thi tit, kh hu khng
thun li nn cc bnh truyn nhim xy ra mnh, gy cht nhiu gia sc, trong
bnh ph bin l bnh ng tiu ha (Nguyn Vinh Phc, 1978; o Trng
t, 1996).
3.2. T l b mc hi chng tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui.
B theo di c phn theo nhm tui v ch n, phng thc cho n ti tri:
1 -5 ngy tui: b hon ton c ung sa u.
6-14 ngy tui: b c n khu phn75% sa m v 25% sa bt.
15- 28 ngy tui: b c cho n khu phn 50% sa m v 50% sa bt.
29 -56 ngy tui: b c cho n khu phn 100% sa bt.
57 70 ngy tui: b c cho n khu phn thc n hn hp (thc n vin
v c anphapha kh).
Bng 3.2: Kt qu theo di t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui
Tui b
S theo di
S b tiu
T l mc
S b cht
T l cht
(ngy)
(con)
chy (con)
(%)
(con)
(%)
15
397
149
37,53
34
8,56
6 14
542
164
30,26
40
7,38
15 28
725
119
16,41
19
2,62
29 56
750
74
9,87
14
1,87
57 70
355
2,53
Tnh chung
2769
515
18,60
107
3,86
T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy cao nht giai on 1-5 ngy tui: S
b mc tiu chy chim 37,53%, t l cht l 8,56%.
C hai t l gim dn theo tui b t 6 14 ngy tui, t l b tiu chy
30,26% v t l cht l 7,38%. n giai on 57-70 ngy tui ch c 2,53% b mc
hi chng tiu chy v khng c b cht v hi chng tiu chy. Tnh chung cho
giai on t 1-70 ngy tui t l mc hi chng tiu chy l 18,60% v t l cht do
tiu chy l 3,86%.
Page 39
T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy cao nht giai on 1-14 ngy tui khi h
thn kinh ca b cha hon chnh, thch nghi vi ngoi cnh cn yu, sc khng km
i vi cc yu t bn ngoi tc ng c bit l kh hu thi tit thay i nh hng n
sinh l ca b. Giai on ny h tiu ho, h min dch cng cha pht trin hon thin
kh nng khng vi bnh v s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt c hi cn thp.
Kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti ph hp vi kt qu cng b ca Nguyn
Quang Phc (2003); Nguyn Vn Su (2005): T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu
chy gim dn theo thng tui, tui cng tng th t l cng thp.
40
35
30
25
T l b tiu
chy
20
T l b cht
15
10
5
0
1 n 5
6 n 14
15 n 28
29 n 56
57 dn 70
Ngy tui
Hnh 3.1: So snh t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui
3.3. S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b mc hi chng tiu chy.
Kt qu cho thy d tui no, a s cc mu phn b bnh thng cng
nh b tiu chy u phn lp c vi khun E.coli. Trong phn b bnh thng,
giai on b t 1-5 ngy tui, s lng E.coli cao nht (9,56 x 106 vk/g phn).
giai on t 50-70 ngy tui s lng E.coli thp nht (8,17 x 106 vk/g phn). Khi
ng tiu ha hon thin, pH trong ng tiu ha n nh, nhu ng ng rut
tng ln v s c mt y ca cc vi khun ng rut khc, tng dn tnh cnh
tranh vi E.coli do vy s lng vi khun E.coli gim dn v n nh.
b tiu chy, s lng vi khun E.coli cao nht trong mu phn ca b
nhm 1-5 ngy tui (27,59 x 106 vk/g phn). giai on t 50-70 ngy tui, s
Page 40
lng E.coli thp nht (24,21 x 106 vk/g phn). Tuy nhin, c th kt lun c
vn ny cn phi kim tra cc yu t c lc, c tnh gy bnh ca chng. Ch
nhng vi khun E.coli mang yu t c lc mi c th gy bnh (Timoney v cs,
1988). i vi b di 30 ngy tui, vi khun E.coli chim u th v s lng. Khi
gp iu kin thun li cc chng mang yu t c lc s pht trin rt nhanh v
gy nn cc qu trnh bnh l (Acress, 1985).
Nh vy, c th cho rng E.coli ng vai tr ln hn trong hi chng tiu
chy ca b t s sinh n 30 ngy tui.
Kt qu ca chng ti ph hp vi nhng nghin cu trc y ca
Issacson v cs (1978), Ueda v cs (1982) v s lng vi khun E.coli trong
phn b b tiu chy.
Nghin cu s bin ng s lng vi khun E.coli tru, b ca cc tc gi
H Vn Nam v cs (1994), Nguyn Quang Tuyn v on Th Bng Tm (1994) ti
Bc Thi, Nguyn Ng v cs (2000) ti cc tnh Min Trung; Nguyn Vn Su
(2005) ti cc tnh min ni pha Bc cho thy c s sai khc r rt v s lng vi
khun E.coli b, ngh tiu chy so vi b, ngh khng tiu chy. Khi b ngh b
tiu chy s lng vi khun E.coli tng ln.
Theo Nguyn B Hin (2001), b tiu chy s lng E.coli tng 279% so
vi b bnh thng; Nguyn Vn Su (2005) cho bit b nui ti cc tnh min ni
pha Bc khi b tiu chy c s lng E.coli tng ln 17,79 x 106 vk/g phn so vi
9,84 x 106 vk/g phn b khng tiu chy.
Nguyn Vn Quang (2004), nghin cu vai tr ca Salmonella spp v E.coli
trong hi chng tiu chy ca b, b cho thy E.coli v Salmonella spp bi nhim
vi t l cao, s lng E.coli tng gp 3 ln, Salmonella spp tng 1,98 ln.
Nguyn Vn Su (2005) nghin cu ba tnh min ni pha Bc kt lun:
vi khun E.coli, Salmonella spp v Cl. perfringens thy b, ngh b tiu chy cao
hn b, ngh trng thi bnh thng.
Nghin cu ca Trng Quang v cs (2006) cho thy khi b ngh b tiu
chy th s lng v t l cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c mang cc yu t
gy bnh v sn sinh c t tng rt cao so vi b ngh bnh thng. iu ny
Page 41
khng nh vi khun E.coli c vai tr c bit quan trng.

Nghin cu trn b di 6 thng tui b tiu chy c 61,35% s mu phn lp
c Salmonella spp vi s lng rt ln: 26-43,70x106 CFU/g phn (Phm Hng
Ngn, 2007).
Hnh 3.2: Bin ng s lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng
v b b tiu chy theo tui.
Hnh 3.3: T l phn lp vi khun E.coli b sa
Page 42
Bng 3.3: S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng v b tiu chy.
B bnh thng
B tiu chy
Tui
S mu
S mu
T l
S lng vi
S mu
S mu
T l
S lng vi
(ngy)
kim tra
dng
dng
khun
kim tra
dng
dng
khun
tnh
tnh (%)
(vk/gX106 )
tnh
tnh (%)
(vk/gX106 )
1-5
75
64
85,33
9,56
91
89
97,80
27,59
6-14
85
69
81,18
9,23
94
91
96,81
27,46
15-28
68
54
79,41
8,68
86
83
96,51
26,91
29-56
67
52
77,61
8,23
83
79
95,18
25,34
57-70
73
58
79,45
8,17
80
77
96,25
24,21
368
297
80,71
8,77
434
419
96,54
25,95
Tng hp
Page 43
3.4. S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b khng tiu chy v tiu
chy.
Kt qu bng 3.4 cho thy t lphn lp Salmonella spp b khng tiu chy l
34,55% v b tiu chy l 65,94%. Kt qu phn lp phn nh s khc bit v t l
phn lp c Salmonella spp gia nhm b tiu chy v b khng tiu chy.
T l phn lp Salmonella spp b khng mc hi chng tiu chy phn nh
t l mang trng trong n v l nguy c bng pht bnh do Salmonella spp gy ra
cc trang tri chn nui b ni chung v chn nui b sa ni ring. ng thi,
Salmonella spp l yu t nh hng n cht lng, v sinh sa v tht. T l phn
lp Salmonella spp cc nc c nn chn nui b sa pht trin cng khc
nhau.Waltner-Toews v cs (1986) cho rng 13% s trang tri chn nui b sa
Ontario (Canada) b nhim Salmonella. Ti Califonia (M), Lance v cs (1992)
phn lp vi khun t mu phn cho thy 16% b nhim Salmonella spp; t l lu
hnh trong ton n l 14,9%.
Kt qu ca nghin cu ny cho thy: T l phn lp Salmonella spp b
tiu chy cao gp 1,91 ln so vi b khng tiu chy. iu ny chng t rng c s
bi nhim vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b tiu chy. Kt qu ny gp phn
khng nh vai tr ca vi khun Salmonella spp trong hi chng tiu chy.
nhm b khng tiu chy, giai on b t 1-5 ngy tui, s lng Salmonella
spp thp nht 1,46 x 106 vk/g phn. giai on t 50-70 ngy tui s lng
Salmonella spp cao nht 1,83 x 106 vk/g phn. giai on s sinh, pH ng tiu ha
cao, thc n chnh l sa giu ng lactose l iu kin thun li cho s pht trin v
nhn ln chim v tr u th ca vi khun E.coli v Citrobacter, chng l nhng vi
khun c kh nng cnh tranh sinh hc vi vi khun Salmonella spp. Chnh v vy, s
lng Salmonella spp thp la tui ny. cc la tui sau khi b tp n, v thay th
thc n t sa sang cc loi thc n khc, nguy c tip xc vi cc cn bnh ngoi mi
trng cao hn. Mt s b tr nn mang trng b ng, vi khun vo ng ming, qua
ng tiu ha ri ra ngoi theo phn v do vy lm tng t l phn lp vi khun
Salmonella spp (Gibson, 1972; trch dn bi Wray v Sojka, 1977).
Page 44
Bng 3.4: S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b thng v phn b tiu chy.
Khng b tiu chy
B tiu chy
Tui
S mu
S mu
T l
S lng vi
S mu
S mu
T l dng
S lng vi
(ngy)
kim tra
dng
dng
khun (vk/g
kim tra
dng
tnh (%)
khun (vk/gx
tnh
tnh (%)
x106 )
106 )
tnh
1-5
75
22
29,33
1,46
73
46
63,01
2,6
6-14
68
23
33,82
1,54
70
48
68,57
2,78
15-29
62
22
35,48
1,62
61
41
67,21
2,84
30-56
57
21
36,84
1,73
54
36
66,67
3,56
57-70
68
26
38,24
1,83
65
42
64,62
2,94
Tng hp
330
114
34,55
1,64
323
213
65,94
2,94
Page 45
nhm b tiu chy, s lng vi khun Salmonella spp cao nht trong
mu phn b nhm 30-56 ngy tui (3,56 x 106 vk/g phn). giai on t 1-5
ngy tui, s lng Salmonella spp thp nht (2,6 x 106 vk/g phn). T l phn lp
Salmonella spp khng khc nhau nhiu gia cc la tui, bin ng t 63,01% n
68,57%. Kt qu ca chng ti tng t kt qu cng b ca Wray v Sojka (1977),
Trng Quang v cs (2007).
Kt qu bng 3.4 cho thy t l nhim cng nh s lng Salmonella spp
trong phn b tng dn theo la tui. iu ny c th l do h tiu ha ca b dn
dn hon thin, pH ng tiu ha n nh, l iu kin thun li cho vi khun
Salmonellla spp pht trin. ng thi, cng vi qu trnh sinh trng ca b, thc
n cng thay i, t sa chuyn sang ngun thc n, nc ung cung cp t bn
ngoi. Vi khun Salmonella spp c c hi xm nhp vo ng tiu ha cng vi
thc n, nc ung lm tng s lng vi khun Salmonella spp. Khi b b tiu chy,
s lng vi khun/g phn: 2,94 x 106 (tng gp 1,8 ln) so vi b khng tiu chy
1,64 x 106. Mc tng ny thp hn so vi cng b ca Nguyn B Hin (2001)v
Nguyn Vn Su (2005). Kt qu ca chng ti ph hp vi kt qu nghin cu ca
Trng Quang v cs (2007). Kt qu ny cho thy s bi nhim vi khun
Salmonella spp y l du hiu quan trng gip cho qu trnh chn on v khng
nh cn bnh.
C th thy rng iu kin chm sc nui dng c nh hng ln n t l
vi khun Salmonella spp v s lng vi khun ny trong phn. Nhiu nghin cu
ca cc tc gi cng b v t l phn lp v s lng vi khun c tin hnh
trn b, ngh nui theo phng thc chn th. B ngh tip xc trc tip vi thc
n, nc ung t nhin nn nguy c nhim khun v bi nhim cao hn. y c th
l nguyn nhn dn n s sai khc trong kt qu phn lp v s lng vi khun
trong nghin cu ny so vi cc cng b trc y. iu kin chm sc, nui
dng v qun l tt ti trang tri lm hn ch nh hng ca vi khun n sc
khe n b ti y.
Page 46
T l %
80
70
60
50
40
B khng tiu chy
30
B b tiu chy
20
10
0
1 n 5
6 n 14
15 n 28
29 n 56
57 n 70
Ngy tui
Hnh 3.4.: T l phn lp Salmonella b ging sa
Hnh 3.5: So snh bin ng s lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b
Page 47
3.5. c tnh sinh ha hc ca vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp.

3.5.1. c tnh sinh hc cc chng E.coli phn lp c.
Trn mt s mi trng c hiu, vi khun E.coli c nhng biu hin c
trng. y l c s phn bit E.coli vi cc thnh vin ca h vi khun
ng rut.
Kt qu nui cy cc chng vi khun E.coli mi trng MacC, E.coli hnh
thnh khun lc mu hng cnh sen, trn, ra gn (dng S), hi vng, ng hnh
cc khun lc rt khc nhau c nhng khun lc ng knh 1 mm, km theo nhng
khun lc c ng knh ln hn 2-3mm. Trn mi trng BGA xut hin nhng
khun lc dng S, mu vng chanh, trn nn mi trng mu vng nht. Trn mi
trng EMB khun lc c mu en nh kim. Trn mi trng TSA vi khun E.coli
pht trin dng khun lc dng S, mu xm. Cy chuyn ln mi trng thch
nghing TSI, vi khun tc ng lm cho mi trng vng c mt nghing v phn
y, sinh hi, sn sinh axit, khng hnh thnh H2S. Kt qu kim tra mt s phn
ng sinh ha cho thy: hu ht cc chng E.coli phn lp c u ng tnh vi
Indol, Methyl red, khng hnh thnh Acetyl methyl carbinol, khng pht trin trn
mi trng Simmons citrat, phn ng ure m tnh. Dy phn ng IMVIC trn l c
im c bn gim nh chng phn lp vi khun E.coli. Cc chng E.coli ln
men, sinh hi, sn sinh axit cc loi ng lactose, glucose 100%. Ch c 62% cc
chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c kh nng di ng v 40,22 % sn sinh cht nhy.
Kt qu trn, tng t vi kt qu nghin cu ca Myers v Guinee (1976), Myers
(1980), Timoney v cs (1988), Quinn v cs (1994) v mt s c tnh sinh vt hc
ca entrotoxigenic E.coli. Kt qu ca ti cng ph hp vi m t v c im
khun lc E.coli pht trin trn mi trng c hiu ca cc tc gi Sojka (1965),
Guinee v cs (1977), Suvawamy v Gyle (1976), Nguyn Nh Thanh v cs (1997).
Page 48
Bng 3.5. Mt s c tnh sinh hoc cc chng E.coli phn lp c

Mi trng
c tnh sinh ha hc
kim tra
( n=450)
S mu
T l
dng
(%)
tnh
MacC
Khun lc trn, ra gn, b mt hi
450
100
450
100
450
100
450
100
450
100
vng, mu hng.
BGA
Khun lc dng S, mu vng chanh

trn nn mi trng mu vng nht.
EMB
Khun lc dng S, mu en, nh

kim.
TSA
Khun lc dng S, sau 48 gi nui

cy xut hin mt s khun lc dng
R, nhy.
TSI
Ln men sinh hi, sn sinh axit,

khng sinh H2S
Indol
450
100
MR
450
100
VP
450
100
Simmons citrat
450
100
Di ng
279
62
Nhy
181
40,22
Ure
450
100
Glucose
450
100
Lactase
450
100
Sacharose
450
100
Page 49
Mi trng thch mu, thch MacConkey, thch Chrom
Mi trng thch EMB, TSA, Gelatin, Sim (di ng), TSI, Simmons citrate,
Triptone, Nitrat, Mr-Vp
Hnh 3.6: Khun lc E.coli trn mt s mi trng nui cy
3.5.2. c tnh sinh hc cc chng Salmonellaspp phn lp c.

c c s nh gi v nh serotype, chng ti tin hnh xc nh c tnh
sinh hc ca chng trn cc mi trng gim nh.
Kt qu cho thy 100% chng Salmonella spp u mc v pht trin tt trn
cc mi trng:
- Mi trng MacC,vi khun Salmonella spp pht trin thnh nhng khun
lc tro nht, dng S trn nn mi trng khng chuyn mu.
Page 50
- Trn mi trng BGA, cc chng vi khun Salmonella spp mc thnh

khun lc dng S mu hng trn nn mi trng mu ti.
- Trn mi trng XLD, hnh thnh cc khun lc kch thc nh trung bnh
0.5-1.5mm, mu en trn nn mi trng sng.
- Trn nn mi trng TSI, cc chng Salmonella spp lm mt thch nghing
chuyn thnh mu , y mu vng hay mu en.
- Trn mi trng ng 100%, cc chng Salmonella spp ln men ng
glucose trong c 93% ln men sinh hi; 94% cc chng khng ln men ng
lactose v sacharose; 100% s chng khng c phn ng Indol; phn ng VP v ure
m tnh. C 92% chng sn sinh H2S lm cho mi trng mu en
Mi trng
kim tra
c tnh sinh ha hc
(n=450)
S mu dng
tnh
T l (%)
MacC
Khun lc tro nht, dng S, trn

nn mi trng khng chuyn mu.
450
100
Hektoen
Khun lc kch thc 0,5-1,5mm,

mu en trn nn mt xanh sng
Khun lc kch thc 0,5-1,5mm,
mu en trn nn mt sng
450
100
450
100
TSI
Lm mt thch nghing chuyn

thnh mu , y mu vng hay
mu en
450
100
H2S
+, Mi trng c mu en
423
94
+, C sinh hi
-
450
450
450
100
100
100
450
436
427
100
97
95
XLD
Glucose
Indol
VP
Ure
Lactose
Sucrose
Page 51
Mi trng RVS- Selenit, Hektoen, XLD
Mi trng thch mu, MacConkey, Chrom.
Mi trng TSI, Mr-Vp, Triptone, LDC, Ure, ONPG
Hnh 3.7: Khun lc Salmonella spp trn mt s mi trng nui cy
Page 52
3.6. Xc nh serotype cc chng Salmonellaspp phn lp c

Bng 3.6: Type khng nguyn O theo nhm cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp
t phn b tiu chy
S mu dng tnh T l dng tnh
(n=70)
(%)
Nhm khng nguyn

A
18
25,71
2,86
38
54,28
Khng xc nh
12
17,14
Kt qu xc nh type khng nguyn O theo nhm cho thy: Cc chng

Salmonella spp phn lp c t b nui ti cng ty b sa TH thuc nhm D
chim t l cao nht: 54,28% v thp nht nhm C (2,86%). Khng pht hin cc
chng thuc nhm A v c 17,14 % khng xc nh c nhm. Nh vy, cc
chng Salmonella spp phn lp c t b ch yu thuc nhm D v B. Kt qu ca
chng ti ph hp vi cng b ca Nguyn Quang Tuyn (1996) khi xc inh
serotype Salmonella spp lu hnh trn tru, b, b, ngh tiu chy ti mt s tnh
nh Bc Thi, ngoi thnh H Ni. T kt qu xc nh nhm Salmonella spp, tip
tc kim tra vi khng huyt thanh O v H n gi tng ng xc nh serotype
kt qu c trnh by bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7. Xc nh serotype ca vi khun Salmonella spp phn lp c t b
S mu dng tnh
(n=35)
T l (%)
Kt qu
12
34,28
20
25,71
Salmonella typhimurium
2,85
Salmonella choleraesuis
5,71
Salmonella newport
11,42
Khng xc nh
Salmonella dublin
Salmonella enteritidis
Page 53
Kt qu (bng 3.7) cho thy: B nhim Salmonella dublin chim t l cao

nht (34,28%),Salmonella typhimurium(25,71%), Salmonella enteritidis (20%).
Salmonella newport chim t l thp nht (5,71%). Nh vy, cc serotype
Salmonella chnh lu hnh trn n b nui ti cng ty sa TH l: Salmonella
dublin; Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enteritidis.
T l Salmonella dublin cao hn t l ca serotype ny trong nghin cu ca
Nguyn Vn Su (2005)ti Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn, Tuyn Quang. Theo tc gi,
Salmonella enteritidis chim 24,47%; Salmonella dublin chim 23,40% v
Salmonella typhimurium chim 21,28% cc serotype Salmonella phn lp
3.7. Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp
phn lp c.
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu chng minh rng
hin tng khng khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun ng rut ngy cng tng.
c bit hin nay vic lm dng khng sinh trong iu tr bnh dn n hin
tng nhn thuc, gim hiu qu iu tr. Xc nh tnh mn cm khng sinh ca
cc chng vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp phn lp c l mt vic rt cn thit
xc nh c khng sinh ph hp cho iu tr.
3.7.1. Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c.
Bng 3.8. Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng E.coli phn lp c
S
Khng sinh
Norfloxaxin
Neomycin
Penicillin
Ampicilin
Enrofloxacin
Streptomycin
Colistin
Erythromycin
Kanamycin
Ch tiu nghin cu
chng
kim
tra
T l
T l
T l
chng
(%)
chng
(%)
chng
(%)
37
37
37
37
37
37
32
21
0
0
27
2
86,49
56,76
0
0
72,97
5,41
3
6
0
5
7
8
8,2
16,22
0
13,51
18,91
21,62
2
10
37
32
3
27
5,31
27,02
100
86,49
8,10
72,97
37
37
37
24
0
0
64,86
0
0
10
9
6
27,02
24,32
16,22
2
28
31
5,31
75,68
83,78
Rt mn cm
Mn cm trung bnh
Khng thuc
Page 54
T l chng E.coli rt mn cm vi Norfloxaxin cao nht (86,49%), tip n

l Enrofloxacin (72,97%), Colistin (64,86%) v Neomycin (56,76%). Tt c cc
chng phn lp khng Penicillin. T l khng Ampicilin l 86,49%; tip theo l
khng Kanamycin (83,78%), v Erythromycin (75,68%). Phm Quang Phc (2003)
cng cho thy vi khun E.coli phn lp t b, ngh b tiu chy v cht do tiu
chy rt mn cm vi Norfloxaxin v Ofloxaxin. Nh vy, iu tr bnh tiu
chy cho b do vi khun E.coli gy ra, c th s dng cc khng sinh Norfloxaxin,
Enrofloxacin, Colistin, Neomycin.
Hnh 3.8: Khng sinh ca vi khun E.coli phn lp t phn b

3.7.2 Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.
T l chng Salmonella spp rt mn cm vi Norfloxaxin cao nht (71,43%)
tip n l Enrofloxacin (64,29%), Colistin (57,14%). Tt c cc chng phn lp
khng Penicillin. T l khng Kanamycin l 85,71%; tip theo l khng Ampicilin
(64,29%). Nhiu tc gi xc nh tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng
Salmonella spp phn lp t gia sc. Nguyn Quang Tuyn v on Th Bng Tm
(1994); C Hu Ph v cs (2000); Nguyn B Hin v Trn Th Lan Hng (2001);
Nguyn Vn Su (2005) cho bit tnh trng khng khng sinh ngy cng gia tng
ca cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c t gia sc mc bnh. Kt qu ny cho
thy Norfloxacin; Enrofloxacin v Colistin l cc khng sinh c th c s dng
iu tr cho b mc hi chng tiu chy do Salmonella spp.
Page 55
Bng 3.9: Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun Salmonella spp

phn lp c
Ch tiu nghin cu
S
Khng sinh
chng
kim
tra
Rt mn cm
Mn cm trung bnh
Khng thuc
T l
T l
T l
chng
(%)
chng
(%)
chng
(%)
Tetracyclin
14
14,29
10
71,42
14,29
Norfloxaxin
14
10
71,43
28,57
Colistin
14
57,14
28,57
14,29
Neomycin
14
21,44
10
71,42
7,14
Enrofloxacin
14
64,29
28,57
7,14
Penicillin
14
14
100
Ampicilin
14
14,29
21,42
64,29
Streptomycin
14
7,14
64,29
28,57
Erythromycin
14
7,14
10
71,43
21,43
Kanamycin
14
14,29
12
85,71
Hnh 3.9: Khng sinh ca vi khun Salmonella spp phn lp t phn b
Page 56
3.8. Kt qu iu tr tiu chy trn b.

T kt qu phn lp v tnh mn cm vi khng sinh ca cc chng E.coli,
Salmonella spp phn lp c th la chn khng sinh ph hp s dng trong iu tr.
Kt hp b sung cc cht in gii, cc thuc b tr, tng hot ng tun hon, h
hp. Kt qu s dng mt s phc iu tr c trnh by bng 3.10.
Bng 3.10: Kt qu iu tr hi chng tiu chy b
Phc
Khng sinh
Liu lng v cch dng
S b
S b
T l
iu tr
khi
khi
(con)
(con)
(%)
76
70
92,11
68
58
85,29
72
46
63,88
Norfloxaxin 10% 1ml/10kgP; tim bp, 2 ln/ngy

in gii
I
Dung dich
Ringer lactat
10g/con/ngy; pha vi nc cho ung

500ml/con/ngy; truyn tnh mch
Enrofloxacin 10% 1ml/10kgP/con/ngy, ung , 2ln/ngy

Dung dich
II
Ringer lactat
Cafein 5%
5ml/con/ngy, tim tnh mch
Colistin
1g/5-6kgP, ung, 2ln/ngy
in gii
10g/con/ngy, pha vi nc cho ung
Dung dch
III
500ml/con/ngy;truyn tnh mch
Ringer lactat
ADE Bcomplex
500ml/con/ngy; truyn tnh mch

1-2ml/con/ngy, tim bp
Kt qu (bng 3.10) cho thy:

- Vi 3 phc iu tr hi chng tiu chy, t l khi bnh 63,88-92,11%.
- phc 1 s dng Norfloxacin t l khi bnh l cao nht 92,11% liu
trnh iu tr t 3-5 ngy. Trn 90% s dng liu trnh trong 3 ngy.
- Phc 2 s dng Erofloxacin t l khi l 85,29%. Vi Colistin trong
phc , t l khi bnh l 63,88%. Liu trnh iu tr t 3-5 ngy. Mt s con sau 3
Page 57
ngy cha khi hon ton iu tr thm liu trnh 2 ngy.

- Nh vy, iu tr tiu chy cho b do vi khun E.coli; Salmonella
spp gy ra, chng ta c th s dng Norfloxacin tim bp nhm km hm v tiu
dit vi khun, ng thi tim truyn tnh mch nhm b sung cc cht dinh
dng nh: glucose, cc loi ion Na+, K+, Cl- v nc nhm chng tnh trng
mt nc v ri lon cn bng in gii. Kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti ph
hp vi cng b ca Nguyn B Hin v Nguyn Th Lan Hng (2001) s dng
khng sinh kt hp vi b sung cht in gii iu tr hi chng tiu chy gia
sc (tru, b, b, ngh, ln) t c kt qu lnh bnh t 76% n 100%. Phm
Ngc Thch (1989) s dng khng sinh ha dc kt hp b sung Orezol qua
ng ming hoc tim truyn tnh mch dung dch Ringer lactat cho kt qu
iu tr khi bnh t 71,87% n 100%.
Page 58
KT LUN V NGH
1. Kt lun
- T l mc hi chng tiu chy b sa nui ti cng ty CP sa TH
chim19,07%; t l cht do tiu chy l 3,88% .
- T l b mc hi chng tiu chy v t l cht do hi chng ny thay i
theo s ngy tui ca b; cao nht giai on 1-5 ngy, gim dn theo tui v thp
nht b trn 57 ngy tui.
- T l phn lp v s lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b mc hi chng
tiu chy tng cao so vi b khe. Tng t nh vi b khe, t l phn lp c vi
khun E.coli v s lngvi khun E.coli trong phn b mc hi chng tiu chy
cng gim dn theo tui ca b.
- T l phn lp v s lng vi khun Salmonella spp tng dn theo tui b
khe. Vi b mc tiu chy, t l phn lp cao nht b 4-16 ngy tui; s lng vi
khun Salmonella spp trong phn cao nht b 30-56 ngy tui mc tiu chy.
Trong s cc chng phn lp, Salmonella dublin chim t l cao nht (34,28%), tip
theo l Salmonella typhimurium 25,71% v Salmonella enteritidis (20%).
C th nhn xt rng quy lut bin ng v t l phn lp v s lng vi
khun Salmonella spp trong phn b mc hi chng tiu chy khng ging nh quy
lut bin i cc ch tiu ny i vi vi khun E.coli. Chnh v vy, i vi n b
sa mc hi chng tiu chy ti trang tri TH Milk, cn ch hn n vai tr ca vi
khun Salmonella spp, c bit i vi b t 4-16 ngy tui v b 30-56 ngy tui.
- iu tr tiu chy cho b theo cc phc th nghim cho kt qu khi bnh
t 63,88% - 92,11%. S dng Norfoloxacin 10% vi liu 1ml/10kg th trng/ 2 ln/
ngy, tim bp trong vng 3-5 ngy, kt hp vi tim truyn tnh mch dung dch
Ringer lactac vi liu 500ml/con/ngy, trong vng 3-5 ngy cho kt qu lnh bnh
cao 92,11%.
Page 59
2. ngh
- Tip tc nghin cu v cc yu t gy bnh ca vi khun E.coli v
Salmonella spp trn b sa ti trang tri TH Milk ni ring v cc trang tri nui
theo quy m cng nghip ni chung lm r hn vai tr ca tng loi vi khun
trong hi chng tiu chy.
- Nghin cu cc phng php phng v tr bnh tiu chy do E.coli v
Salmonella spp gy ra b sa ging.
Page 60
TI LIU THAM KHO
A. Ti liu ting Vit:

1.
Archie, H (2000), S tay dch bnh ng vt; (Phm Gia Ninh v Nguyn c Tm
dch); NXB Bn , H Ni.
2.
L Minh Ch (1995), Bnh tiu chy gia sc. Hi tho khoa hc. B Nng nghip
v Cng nghip thc phm, H Ni.
3.
on Th Kim Dung (2004), S bin ng mt s vi khun hiu kh trong ng

rut, vai tr ca E.coli trong hi chng tiu chy ca ln con, phc iu tr.
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4.
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5.
o Trng t, Phan Thanh Phng, L Ngc M (1995), Bnh ng tiu ha

ln con, Nxb Nng nghip.
6.
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Bnh ln ni v ln con.
7.
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Page 61
14.
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Salmonella phn lp t gia sc tiu chy nui ti ngoi thnh H Ni vi mt s
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trng ng tiu ha ca tru, b ti mt s a phng c lc. Tp ch KHKT
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khun v mt s k sinh trng ng tiu ha trong hi chng tiu chy ln t
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Nng nghip, H Ni.
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23.
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NXB Y hc, H Ni.
24.
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ni khoa gia sc, Nxb nng nghip H Ni.
25.
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26.
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27.
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y, tp VII, s 2, tr 32-36.
28.
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bnh ln con phn trng. Kt qu nghin cu khoa hc, khoa CN-TY, i hc
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31.
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Page 62
32.
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gy bnh tiu chy ln. Bo co khoa hc th y; Vin th y, H Ni.
33.
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qu phn lp vi khun E.coli v Salmonella ln mc bnh tiu chy, xc nh mt
s c tnh sinh ha ca cc chng vi khun phn lp c v bin php phng
tr. Kt qu nghin cu KHKT th y nm 1996-2000, Nxb Nng nghip, H Ni.
34.
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hc chuyn nghip, H Ni.
35.
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E.coli gy bnh tiu chy b, ngh ti tnh Thi Nguyn v bin php phng tr,
Lun n Tin s nng nghip, H Ni.
36.
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chng tiu chy ln 3 thng tui v ln ni. Tp ch khoa hc k thut nng
nghip, tp 2 (s 1).
37.
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chy ca b, b cc tnh Nam Trung B v bc u ch to th khng th phng
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38.
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39.
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tui ti 3 tnh min ni pha Bc v xc nh mt s yu t gy bnh ca vi khun
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nghip, H Ni.
40.
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bin php iu tr, Lun n tin s nng nghip.
41.
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bnh phn trng ln con Tp ch cng nghip, nng nghip thc phm. NXB
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42.
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H Ni.
43.
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ca ln sau cai sa.
44.
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rut a chy.
45.
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Ngc Nhin, Nguyn Xun Huyn, u Xun Tun, Vn Th Hng v V Ngc
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s 2 2005), tr 21-27.
46.
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th y, Nxb Nng nghip, H Ni, tr 81-85.
Page 63
47.
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chy v bin php phng tr; lun n tin s nng nghip, tr 51.
48.
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H Ni.
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Page 66
PH LC
Mu phn, bnh phm
Mi trng thch Maconkey, thch TSI
Thch mu
Gim nh vi khun E.coli
m s khun lc
Phn ng ngng kt nhanh trn

phin knh
Th khng sinh
Pht hin cc yu t gy bnh
Xc nh serotepy khng nguyn O
Hnh 1: S phn lp vi khun E.coli (Theo Carter, 1995)
Page 67
Mu bnh phm ( Phn, c quan...)

Cy mu bnh phm vo mi trng Peptone water
370C trong 16-20 gi
Cy dch cy thu c t Peptone water vo mi trng tng sinh chn lc RVS, Selenit.
cc ng RVS 420C trong 18-24 gi, Selenit 370C trong 18-24 gi.
Cy ria dch cy thu c t RVS, Selenit ln XLD,Hektoen agar.
cc a XLD, Hektoen 370C trong 20-24 gi
Nhn din khun lc Salmonella in hnh trn mi trng XLD agar (khun lc
tm en, vin hng), Hektoen agar (khun lc tm en vin xanh) v cc loi khun
lc khc E. Coli, Klebsiella( mu vng), Proteus: (en)...
Khun lc khc(E. coli, Klebsiella,...)
Cy ln TSI, SIM, Peptone 370C trong 20-24 gi
Test sinh ha (Catalase, oxidase, KOH)
Cy cc khun lc nghi ng ln mi trng dinh dng NA.
cc a NA 370C trong 20-24 gi
Khun lc en (Salmonella & Proteus)
Cy ln Urea broth, 370C trong 20-24 gi
Test sinh ha (catalase, oxidase, KOH)
Khng nh Salmonella (ure m tnh), Proteus (ure dng tnh),
E. Coli (Motility dng tnh, Indol dng tnh..)
Klebsiella (Motility m tnh, Indol m tnh)
Hnh 2: S nui cy, phn lp vi khun Salmonella spp
Page 68
Mu xt nghim
Pha long theo thp phn
Cy 0,1 ml
PCA m
khun lc
MacC m s khun
lc E.coli
Kim tra c tnh sinh

ha. Xc nh t l
BGA m s khun
lc Salmonella
Kim tra c tnh sinh

ha. Xc nh t l
Tnh ton kt qu
Hnh 3: Pht hin v m s vi khun hiu kh, E.coli, Salmonella spp
(Theo Quinn v cs, 1994)
Page 69
Hnh 4. Kim tra tnh mn cm vi khng sinh ca vi khun
Page 70

Vai Trò Của E.coli Và Salmonella Spp Trong Hội Chứng Tiêu Chảy Trên Bê Hướng Sữa Tại Công Ty Cổ Phần Thực Phẩm Sữa TH

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Vai Trò Của E.coli Và Salmonella Spp Trong Hội Chứng Tiêu Chảy Trên Bê Hướng Sữa Tại Công Ty Cổ Phần Thực Phẩm Sữa TH

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B GIO DC V O TO

B NNG NGHIP V PTNT

HC VIN NNG NGHIP VIT NAM

VAI TR CA E.COLI V SALMONELLA SPP

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC

H Ni, ngy 30 thng 8 nm 2014

Chng 1 TNG QUAN TI LIU

Nhng nghin cu v hi chng tiu chy

Nguyn nhn gy ra hi chng tiu chy.

Nhng nguyn nhn khc

Tnh hnh nghin cu v vi khun gy hi chng tiu chy b, ngh

Tnh hnh nghin cu trn th gii

Nghin cu ti Vit Nam

Mt s vi khun ng rut quan trng

Vi khun Salmonella spp

Chng 2 I TNG, VT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP

i tng v phm vi nghin cu.

i tng nghin cu.

a im, thi gian nghin cu.

Vt liu dng trong nghin cu

Mi trng, ho cht, dng c th nghim.

Phng php nghin cu

Phng php phn lp v gim nh vi khun

Phng php xc nh tng s vi khun hiu kh, s lng E.coli v

Phng php xc nh c tnh sinh vt ha hc ca vi khun E.coli

Phng php kim tra tnh mn cm vi khng sinh ca vi khun.

Chng 3 KT QU V THO LUN

T l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.

T l b mc hi chng tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui.

S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b mc hi chng tiu chy.

S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b khng tiu chy v

c tnh sinh ha hc ca vi khun E.coli v Salmonella spp.

c tnh sinh hc cc chng E.coli phn lp c.

c tnh sinh hc cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.

Xc nh serotype cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c

Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli v

Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun E.coli phn lp c.

Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp c.

Kt qu iu tr tiu chy trn b.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Brain Heart Infusion

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar

Triple Sugar Iron

Colinial Forming Unit

Hi chng tiu chy

Adherencia Enteropathogenic E.coli

Labile Heat Toxin

Stable Heat Toxin

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Bng tiu chun phn tch kt qu ng knh vng v khun

Kt qu nghin cu t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy.

Kt qu theo di t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui

S lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng v b tiu chy.

S lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b thng v phn b

Mt s c tnh sinh hoc cc chng E.coli phn lp c

Type khng nguyn O theo nhm cc chng Salmonella spp phn lp

Xc nh serotype ca vi khun Salmonella spp phn lp c t b

Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng E.coli phn lp c

Tnh mn cm khng sinh ca cc chng vi khun Salmonella spp

Kt qu iu tr hi chng tiu chy b

Vi khun E.coli tn cng h thng lng nhung ca thnh rut

So snh t l b tiu chy v cht do tiu chy theo tui

Bin ng s lng vi khun E.coli trong phn b bnh thng v b

T l phn lp vi khun E.coli b sa

T l phn lp Salmonella b ging sa

So snh bin ng s lng vi khun Salmonella spp trong phn b

Khun lc E.coli trn mt s mi trng nui cy