PASIV

subjekat + pomoni glagol "to be" + particip proli glavnog glagola

Trpno stanje (pasiv) mogu imati samo prelazni glagoli, tj. takvi koji uza se mogu imati
objekat.
Pasiv pokazuje da subjekat ne vri radnju, ve da se radnja vri na subjektu:
The road has been repaired. (put je popravljen)
Pasivni oblici se tvore tako to se uzme ono vrijeme glagola "to be" koje nam je potrebno i
doda se particip proli glagola kojeg mijenjamo. To znai, da se pasivni prezent tvori od
prezenta glagola "to be" i participa prolog glagola koji mijenjamo.
Aktivnu reenicu moemo pretvoriti u pasivnu ako se glagol stavi u trpno stanje, subjekat
aktivne reenice postaje objekat pasivne, i ispred njega se stavlja prijedlog "by":
A: Everybody drinks water. (svi piju vodu)
P: Water is drunk by everybody. (voda se pije od sviju)
aktiv
pasiv

subjekat
Everybody
Water

glagol
drinks
is drunk

objekat
water
by everybody.

A: I wrote this letter. (ja sam napisao ovo pismo)

P: This letter was written by me. (pismo je napisano od mene)
Neprelazni glagoli mogu postati prelazni ako im se doda prijedlog.

Trpno stanje se upotrebljava mnogo ee u engleskom jeziku nego u naem, koristi se:

kada subjekat koji vri radnju nije poznat:

My car has been stollen. (ukradeno mi je auto)
She was given a nice birthday present. (dobila je lijep poklon za roendan)

ako se ne eli pomenuti vrilac radnje:

I have been told that you are engaged. (reeno mi je da ste se vjerili)
She was said to have left her husband. (pria se da je ostavila svog mua)
ako nije potrebno pomenuti vrioca radnje jer to proizilazi iz konteksta (smisla)
reenice ili nije bitno za smisao da mora biti pomenut:

Mistakes are always made. (greke se uvijek prave)

ako je subjekat pasivne reenice vaniji od vrioca radnje:
The "Tower" was written by Mea Selimovi. (Roman "Tvrava" je napisana od strane
Mee Selimovia) (autor nas manje interesuje)
The boy was punished by his father. (deko je kanjen od svog oca)
Ahmed was attended by his sister during his illness. (Ahmeda je njegova sestra
njegovala za vrijeme bolesti)

Bezlini oblici u naem jeziku kao to su "kae se", "razumije se", "podrazumijeva se" u
engleskom jeziku se iskazuju u treem licu jednine srednjeg roda:
it is understood (razumije se, podrazumijeva se)
that is known (to se zna)
it is said (pria se)

Konjugacija pasiva u veini moguih vremena:

infinitiv
simple

continous

perfect simple

perfect continous

present
past
future
conditional
present
past
future
conditional
present
past
future
conditional
present
past
future
conditional

to be called
it is called
it was called
it will be called
it would be called
it is being called
it was being called
it will be being called
it would be being called
it has been called
it has been called
it will have been called
it would have been called
it has been being called
it had been being called
it will have been being called
it would have been being called