Species Diversity of Phytoplankton in the Lower Songkhla Lagoon,

Songkhla Province

:
531031060

: :

2556

....................................................
( )

....................................................
( . )
 17 2557

.. 2556 .
65 2
2
2 3 Division Cyanophyta Chlorophyta
Chromophyta 7 Class Cyanophyceae Chlorophyceae Euglenophyceae
Bacillariophyceae Chrysophyceae Dinophyceae Xanthophyceae 2 Class
Bacillariophycea Genus 2 33 Genus Class 2
2 Class
Chlorophyceae 2 2 . 4 2
Chaetoceros spp. Nitzschia spp. Pleurosigma sp. Peridinium spp.
2
3.113 2.988 2.32 2.112 ..
2 2 .
. 2 0.05
2 0.05 2
2 Pearson Correlation 2
. (r = 0.105 , p = 0.038)
(r = 0.147 , p = 0.004) . ( r = 0.143 , p = 0.005)

.
2 . 2
2
.
2
..
` 2

1




1
2
2
3
3


(Classificant of Phytoplankton)



4
4
4
5
8
9
11
14
17



19
20
21
21
22

 ( )

N

23
24
27
29
33

34
37
38

1
2


.. 2556

24
33


.. 2556

.. 2556

 Pearson Correlation

.. 2556
Flow meter
N

41
77
80
81
83
85

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Genus


(Shannon_H)
 (Evennes_e^H/S)
N ( /
)
 ( )
.. 2556
N ( )
.. 2556
 
.. 2556
 () 
.. 2556
N (ppt) 
.. 2556

1
2

6
11
16
20
23
28

29
30
31
31
32

Flow meter
N

83
84

 1


   7
08 7 50  100 07 100 37 
  
   
 ( ,
2542)  
  
   
    
  
 
    
 4  ( ,
2552)
1.   27
 1.2   
 
2.
  473  2

3. 
360 2 
   

4. 
 182 1.5 

2
 12 14  
  
(Phytoplankton)  
  
 ( , 2547) 
    
  700
300 ( , 2548) 20

 
 
  

 


 

1. 
..2556
2. 
 ..2556

1. 

2.


. 
  

 

.. 2556




 2

(Plankton) , 
Drifting   
   (, 2542).
.. 1887  (Victor Hensen)
 
 
 
(Planktology) (Planktonology) ( , 2547)




   
 
  
  ( 
, 2552)

 
  
 



5
 
2
  

( , 2547)

 
   
  
 
  1
   

  
1. 

2. 

3.
4.
5. 
6.  ()
(Cyst) 
 ( , 2547)
 
 3 
 1  
  
 

6
 2    1
 ( 0.2 0.5 )
 3 
  2  3 
 ( ,
2547)
 ( , 2547)
 (Primary producer) 
     
 95 
 
1.


  
 
  ( 1 )
 
 

(Chlorophyll a )

 1
 : (2548)

7
2. 


  


3.
  
 15-20 
2
3.1  (Macronutrient) 


3.2  (Micronutrient)
(Coenzyme) 
 

4. 
  
 

  
5. 


  

( Classification of Phytoplankton ) (, 2544)

  
T. Christensen

1. Division Cyanophyta  ( Procaryotic cell )
1 Class Class Cyanophyta
2. Division Chlorophyta  (Eucaryotic cell)
(Lamelae) Grana structure 3 Class
2.1 Class Chlorophyceae 
1 (Acronematic Whiplash
flagella)
2.2 Class Prasinophyceae (Hairs)
 (Organic scale)
2.3 Class Euglenophyceae 1 2
(Gullet) (Pellicle)
(Paramylon 3 solid -1,3-glucan)
3. Division Chromophyta  (Eucaryotic cell)
, 9 Class
3.1 Class Bacillariophyceae 2
Chrysolaminarin

3.2 Class Chrysophyceae 1- 2

3.3 Class Dictyochophyceae (Winged
flagellum) (Radial symmetry) (External
skeleton)
3.4 Class Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae) 2
(Haptonema)
3.5 Class Dinophyceae 2 2
(Band-shaped)

9
3.6 Class Cryptophyceae 2 

(Periplast)
3.7 Class Raphidophyceae 2 
     
(Anterior - Posterior pointing flagella)
3.8 Class Xanthophyceae
2
2  
 


3.9 Class Eustigmatophyceae
1 2   
    

(, 2544)
( 2 ) 3
 
1. (Unicellular form)  
1.1     (Flagellate unicell) Motile unicell
Chlamydomonas ,Carteria ,Euglena
1.2     (Coccoid unicell) 
Chlorellar, Ankistrodesmus , Chroococcus
2.
(Colonial form Colony) 
   4 
2.1 (Coenobium) 
  

10
  Pediastrum , Scenedesmus   Gonium ,
Pandorina , Eudorina
2.2  (Aggregation) 
Microcytis, Selenastrum, Planktosphaeria
2.3 (Palmella form) 
   Anacystis
  
 
(Palmella stage)  
2.4 (Dendroid colony) 

2.5 (Rhizopodial colony) 
 Chrysamoeba
3. (Filamentous form Filament )
 2

3.1 ( Unbranched filament ) Oscillatoria, Spirogyra ,
3.2 (Branched filament)  2
3.2.1 (True branch)   
 Hapalosiphon
3.2.2 (False branch)  
Scytonema

11

(1) Oscillatoria
(5) Choococcus
(9) Dunaliella
(13) Navicula
(17) Scenedesmus
(21) Peridinium
(25) Euglena
(29) Ornithocercus

 2
(2) Spirulina
(3) Anabeana
(6) Chlorella
(7) Chlamydomonas
(10) Staurastrum
(11) Pediastrum
(14) Coscinodiscus
(15) Closterium
(18) Chaetoceros
(19) Ceratium
(22) Cryptomonas
(23) Dinobryon
(26) Phacus
(27) Trachelomonas

(4) Microcystis
(8) Gonium
(12) Nitzschia
(16) Mougeotia
(20) Gymnodinium
(24) Mallomonas
(28) Dictyocha

 : (2542)

(, 2542)
1. P (Food chain) P
    (oceanic
water) 7   4

12
  (upwelling) 
 2-3 
2. P (Indicator) P
3 
 (primary productivity) 
/../ (gC.m.-2/day-1) - /. (gC.m.-3/day-1)
/ (gC.-1.day-1)
 /.../ (kcal.m-2.year-1)
3. P P (Current)
 
Thalassiosira hyaline 

4. P P
  (Upwelling)
Thalassiosira, Chaetoceros 
   
Rhizosolenia , Planktoniella
5. (pollution) P
 (Organic pollution)
Euglena virdis,Nitzschia palea ,Oscillatoria limosa , Scenedesmus quadricauda
 (Index)   (Palmer , 1969)
(Diversity index)


2-3

   (redtide)
(dinoflagellate) Gonyaulax ,Noctiluca Dinophysis

13
6.
 2  1
 (Live form)  
 2 (Fossil)
6.1  (Live form) 
P
6.1.1  

Spirogyra
Oedogonium Phormidium tenue
6.1.2
,  60 % 
( 1 ,2,6,12)

6.1.3

 


6.2 (Fosssil form)
6.2.1 (Diatomite) 
 
95 %
   
 

6.2.2 (Carbon rock) (CaCO3) 

 Chrysophyceae
Coccolithophrids  

14


6.2.3 
  
 
 
7.
 

  
100 4
7 5 
1 2 
  

  1,040 616,750
20
75 (, 2522)
  
 
  
   
  
   
4 ( 3 )  (
 , 2548)
1. (Thale Noi)  
27  1.2 

15




2. (Upper Songkhla Lagoon)

 
473  2 

3. (Middle Songkhla Lagoon)
 

 360 2 
  
   
4. (Lower Songkhla Lagoon)
  182 1.5
  12 14
  
       

16

 3
 : http://www.psu.ac.th/node/4611

(2541)

 2
1.   9
2 
   

17
 124.4  
 2  
 582.6 

2.   
 31.7  


 
(2554)
7 3 
2549 2550 6 Division 66 Genus 
45,800 x 103 Division Chlorophyta ( 36 Genus )
Bacillariophyta ( 14 Genus ) Euglenophyta ( 5 Genus ) Chrysophyta ( 5 Genus ) Pyrrophyta ( 4
Genus ) Cyanophyta (2 Genus)  Division
Chrysophyta (36.1%) Bacillariophyta (32.7%) Euglenophyta (16.0%)
Dinobryon sp. , Rhizochrysis sp. , Synedra sp. , Coscinodiscus sp. , Lepocinclis sp. ,
Trachelomonas sp. , Phacus sp. Euglena sp.
(2553)  
. Achananthes sp.
Stephanopyxis sp.  (
) Noctiluca sp. Coscinodiscus sp.
 ( )  
   
  
 

   
  

18
(2553)



  
   


 20  Nitzschia sp. ,
Achnanthes sp. Protoperridinium sp. 
 Pleurosigma sp.
 8 10 
   red tide Protoperidinium sp. ( 3.3 x 106 /
.) Noctiluca scintilans ( 1.65 x 106 / ..) Ceratium furca (0.20 x 106 /
.)
(2542) 
5
Division 39 Genus   3  2536
2536 2537 
2536  6,712 x 103
 1 
 


19

 3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

(Hemacytometer)
(Slides) (cover slides)
/

(Compound microscope)

H - (pH meter)
(Secchi disc)
H (Thermometer)
H (Salinity refractometer)
/
/ (F.A.A)
(Plankton net) 65

H / (Flow meter)

/

20

 
H / ..
2556 ..
2556
// 4
..
2556 4
1 / /
H H
( H 4 )
H
H

H 4 H
H : Google earth

21

(H 4 ) 3 H/H
H /
1. H 1
2. H 2 / H

3. H 3 72
H H

1. H
65 (Horizontal tow )
2. H (Fixation)
F.A.A
3. (Fiels notes)
/
4. H
H /
1.1 (Physical analysis)
1.1.1 (Transparency) Secchi disk H
(m)
1.1.2 (Temperature) H Thermometer
( C )
1.2 (Chemical analysis)
1.2.1 (pH) pH meter
1.2.2 (Salinity) H (Salinity
refractometer) H (ppt)
( mg/l)

22

1. / H H H
H HH
/ (Hemacytometer) Genus

H (2542)
2. (Diversity Index) ,
(Evenness Index) PAST
3.
H ( One way
ANOVA) H
Pearson Correlation coefficient SPSS Statistic Version 16

23

 4

- .. 2556 3 Division
7 Class 72 Genus Class Bacillariophyceae 33 Genus , Class Chlorophyceae
20 Genus , Class Cyanophyceae 7 Genus , Class Dinophyceae 7 Genus ,
Class Chrysophyceae 3 Genus , Class Euglenophyceae 1 Genus Class
Xanthophyceae 1 Genus ( )
H

(H 5) 2.988 2.32 2.112 3.113
H 0.9024 0.3635 0.3936
3936 0.5621
0

4
3
2
Shannon_H
1

Evenness_e^H/S

H 5 (Shannon_H) H
(Evenness_e^H/s)

24

H
.. 2556 Class Bacillariophyceae
Class Dinophyceae H (H 1) H
H H Chaetoceros spp.

Nitzschia spp.

Pleurosigma sp. Peridinium spp.

H 1 H
.. 2556

Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

..

Lyngbya sp.
Merismopedia sp.
Microcystis spp.
Oscillatoria spp.
Phormidium sp.
Spirulina sp.
Tolypothrix sp.

..

..

..

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae
Arthrodesmus sp.
Botryococcus sp.
Closterium spp.
Cosmarium sp.
Desmidium spp.
Euastrum sp.
Eudorina sp.

25
H 1 ()

Class Chlorophyceae

..
Hyalotheca sp.
Micrasterias spp.
Mougeotia spp.
Pediastrum sp.
Penium sp.
Pleurotaenium spp.
Scenedesmus spp.
Spirogyra sp.
Spondylosium sp.
Staurastum sp.
Tetraedron spp.
Urotrix spp.
Volvox sp.

..

..

..

Class Euglenophyceae
Eugrena sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae
Achnanthes sp.
Actinocyclus sp.
Amphipleura spp.
Astertionella sp.
Aulacoseira sp.
Bacteriastrum sp.
Cerataulina spp.
Chaetoceros spp.
Coscinodiscus spp.

26
H 1 ()

Class Bacillariophyceae

..
Cyclotella sp.
Dinophysis sp.
Diploneis sp.
Entomoneis sp.
Eucampia sp.
Fragilaria sp.
Gyrosigma spp.
Lauderia sp.
Navicula sp.
Neodelphineis sp.
Nitzschia spp.
Odontella spp.
Pinnularia spp.
Pleurosigma spp.
Proboscia sp.
Pseudo nitzschia sp.
Rhizosolenia spp.
Skeletonema sp.
Synedra sp.
Tabellaria sp.
Thalassinothrix sp.
Thalassionema spp.
Thalassiosira spp.
Triceratium spp.

..

..

..

27
H 1 ()

Class Chrysophyceae

..

..

..

..

Dinobryon spp.
Mallomonas sp.
Synura sp.

Alexandrium sp.
Ceratium spp.
Glenodinium sp.
Gonyaulax sp.
Gymnodinium sp.
Peridinium spp.
Protopenidinium sp.

Class Dinophyceae

Class Xanthophyceae
Tribonema spp.

 B

.. 2556
H 0.05 ( p = 0.001) H
H / (H 6) H
H H
/ 77.53 286.90 25.23 68.79 8.55 8.09 0.10 0.15 /
H /

  ( / )

28
100
80
60
40
20
0

H 6 HH/ ( / )
Ceratualina spp. H18.4314.87 / Thalassiosira spp.
H 13.40 16.66 / Gyrosigma spp. H 11.40 11.87 /

Rhizosolenia spp. H 79.43116.69 / Skeletonema sp.

H 28.62 41.66 / Nitzschia spp. H 28.46 46.98 /

Rhizosolenia spp. H 342.00659.22 / Skeletonema sp.

H 53.45 73.20 / Thalassiosira spp. H 46.43 62.47 /

Eudorina sp. H 0.46 0.34 / Tribonema spp.

H 0.38 0.04 / Urotrix spp. H 0.324 0.27 /

29

/H H
H
H /
/ //HH /H

H
..2556 (H 7) H
0.05 (p = 0.025) H H 33.00 1.00
H 31.67 2.08 30.33

()

2.51 27.33 1.15

40
30
20
10
0

H 7 H ( )H
.. 2556
/
H/ (H 8)
/ H 0.05 ( p < 0.05 ) H

30
/ H 34.83 0.25
H 33.06 0.17 32.17 0.25 29.22 0.44

B ()

40
35
30
25

H 8 H/ ( )H
.. 2556
(pH)
H /
(H 9) H
0.05 (p = 0.051)

H H H

7.11 0.33 HH 6.78 0.44 6.56 0.53

6.56 0.53

31

7.5
7
6.5
6

H 9 H H
.. 2556

(H 10)
H H 0.05

()

(p < 0.05) H H HH 53.00 7.14

60
40
20
0

H 10 H () H
.. 2556

32
H 51.33 0.08 40.50 2.97
18.11 1.98 H H

/
H / (H 11)
/ H 0.05 (p < 0.05)
H/ H 30.00 0.71 ppt
H 26.11 1.27 26.11 0.60 0.22 0.44 ppt

B ( ppt )

/
40
30
20
10
0

H 11 H/ (ppt) H
.. 2556

33

/
(H 2)
-/ / ( r = 0.105 , p =
0.038 ) H 0.05 /
( r = 0.147 , p = 0.004 ) / ( r = 0.143 , p = 0.005 ) H
0.01
H 2

Pearson correlation
Significant

-0.011
0.822
/
0.105 *
0.038

-0.060
0.236

0.147 **
0.004
/
0.143 **
0.005
* H 0.05

** H 0.01

34

 5

.. 2556

/
/

3 Division

7 Class

73 Genus (Diversity Index )

H H 2.63 0.49 ( Evenness Index) H H
0.56 0.25 H 3.113
2.988 2.32 2.112
H H H
H
H 0.9024
0.5621 0.3936 0.3635 H
H H

Aulacoseira

sp.

110.79 221.20 / H ( ,2554)

H/HH /
H

35

H H
. ..2556 Class Bacillariophyceae
Chaetoceros spp. Nitzschia spp. Pleurosigma sp. Class Diophyceae Peridinium spp.
H ( , 2540 ) /H/
Class Bacillariophyceae H
H HH 30.58 2.68
H/ H 32.32 2.08 H H 6.75
0.08 H H 40.74 2.52 H/H 20.61 12.07
ppt HH


/
4 H

/ (r = 0.105 , p = 0.038) H 0.05
( r = 0.147 , p = 0.004) /
( r = 0.143 , p = 0.005) H 0.01 H
H /
/ / //
/

/ //
/ H / ( r = 0.724 ,
p = 0.00) H 0.01 2

36
H H
H H
/ / H H
H
H /
( r = 0.964 , p = 0.00) H 0.01 H HH/
/ H / HH
/ / /
H / / H
H /
/ H 6
H
H
/H (r = 0.964 ,
p = 0.00) H 0.01 H /
H/ ( r = -0.623 ,
p = 0.00) H 0.01 HH//
/HH
/HH
H / 0.22 0.44 ppt H
H // //
Class Chlorophyceae
H 20.61 12.07 ppt Class Bacillariophyceae

37
H
H H
/ H H
/
H /H
/

..2556 H / 3 Division
72 Genus

7 Class

H Division Chromophyta 44 Genus H

Class Bacillariophyceae Genus H Division Chlorophyta

Genus 21 Genus H Class Chlorophyceae Genus H Division
Cyanophyta Genus H 7 Genus
H
H
2.988 2.32 2.112 3.113 // H H

H () HH
() / H / /
H H /
.. 2556 Chaetoceros spp.
Peridinium spp.

Nitzschia spp.

Pleurosigma sp.

38

.. 2556 H
-/
/ H H / /
/

1. H
H

2.


. (2522).  
: ! .
.(2554).   . :

. (2542) .  
.
. (2544) . . 0! 2 . :
.(2540).  .
.
3 . ( 2541 ) .  1 . :

. ( 2548) . . ( ) . :

. (2547) . PHYTOPLANKTON 2000 :

. :
!
. (2548) .
 2 .
( ):
! . (2548) . . :
! . (2548) . . :
!
! ! (2552) . 
. 3
( ) :

41

.. 2556
Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Lyngbya sp.

Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Merismopedia sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

42
()
Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Microcystis spp.

Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Oscillatoria spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

43
()
Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Phormidium sp.

Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Spirulina sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

44
()
Division Cyanophyta
Class Cyanophyceae

Tolypothrix sp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Botryococcus sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

45
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Closterium spp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Cosmarium sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

46
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Desmidium spp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Euastrum sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

47
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Eudorina sp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Hyalotheca sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

48
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Micrasterias spp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Mougeotia spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

49
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Pediastrum sp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Penium sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

50
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Pleurotaenium spp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Scenedesmus spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

51
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Spirogyra sp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Spondylosium sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

52
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Staurastum sp

Tetraedron spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

53
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Urotrix spp.

Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae

Volvox sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

54
()
Division Chlorophyta
Class Euglenophyceae

Eugrena sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

55
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Achnanthes sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Actinocyclus sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

56
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Amphipleura spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Astertionella sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

57
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Aulacoseira sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Bacteriastrum sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

58
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Cerataulina spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Chaetoceros spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

59
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Chaetoceros spp. ()

Scale bar = 50 m

60
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Coscinodiscus spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Cyclotella sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

61
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Dinophysis sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Diploneis sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

62
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Eucampia sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Fragilaria sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

63
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Gyrosigma spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Lauderia sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

64
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Navicula sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Neodelphineis sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

65
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Nitzschia spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Odontella spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

66
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Pinnularia spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Pleurosigma spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

67
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Proboscia sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Pseudo nitzschia sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

68
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Rhizosolenia spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Skeletonema sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

69
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Synedra sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Tabellaria sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

70
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Thalassinothrix sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Thalassionema spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

71
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Thalassiosira spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae

Triceratium spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

72
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Chrysophyceae

Dinobryon spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Chrysophyceae

Mallomonas sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

73
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Chrysophyceae

Synura sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Alexandrium sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

74
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Ceratium spp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Gonyaulax sp.

Scale bar = 50 m

75
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Gymnodinium sp.

Peridinium spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

76
()
Division Chromophyta
Class Dinophycceae

Protopenidinium sp.

Division Chromophyta
Class Xanthophyceae

Tribonema spp.

Scale bar = 50 m

77

.. 2556

Division Cyanophyceae
Lyngbya sp.
Merismopedia sp.
Microcystis spp.
Oscillatoria spp.
Phormidium sp.
Spirulina sp.
Tolypothrix sp.
Division Chlorophyta
Arthrodesmus sp.
Botryococcus sp.
Closterium spp.
Cosmarium sp.
Desmidium spp.
Euastrum sp.
Eudorina sp.
Hyalotheca sp.
Micrasterias spp.
Mougeotia spp.
Pediastrum sp.
Penium sp.
Pleurotaenium spp.
Scenedesmus spp.
Spirogyra sp.

..

..

1.53
3.14
10.80 7.08 2.03
0.67
7.91 0.00
-

..

..

0.00
1.94
0.00
0.00

0.11 0.10
0.26 0.62
0.016 0.00
0.227 0.15
-

1.77 0.00
-

0.018 0.00
0.017 0.00
0.045 0.03
0.016 0.00
0.046 0.04
0.018 0.00
0.46 0.34
0.04 0.03
0.03 0.00
0.04 0.04
0.05 0.06
0.016 0.00
0.018 0.00
0.038 0.04
0.037 0.03

78
()

Division Chlorophyta
Spondylosium sp.
Staurastum sp.
Tetraedron spp.
Urotrix spp.
Volvox sp.
Eugrena sp.
Division Chromophyta
Achnanthes sp.
Actinocyclus sp.
Amphipleura spp.
Astertionella sp.
Aulacoseira sp.
Bacteriastrum sp.
Cerataulina spp.
Chaetoceros spp.
Coscinodiscus spp.
Cyclotella sp.
Dinophysis sp.
Diploneis sp.
Entomoneis sp.
Eucampia sp.
Fragilaria sp.
Gyrosigma spp.
Lauderia sp.
Navicula sp.

..

..

..

..

0.017 0.00
0.0166 0.00
0.016 0.00
0.324 0.27
0.101 0.087
0.12 0.13

3.14 0.00
7.91 0.00
18.43 14.87
9.08 7.14
4.71 2.22
11.40 11.87
3.14 0.00
-

1.77 0.00
3.44 1.27
7.07 0.00
110.79221.20
1.77 0.00
18.39 25.06
16.61 24.95
2.03 0.00
1.35 0.78
-

18.16 23.07
29.85 35.75
5.55 0.00
28.67 39.08 0.018 0.00
0.06 0.05
14.00 17.72
3.84 0.00
7.68 0.00
11.52 0.00
2.84 1.41
13.34 18.33
0.02 0.00

79
()

Division Chromophyta
Neodelphineis sp.
Nitzschia spp.
Odontella spp.
Pinnularia spp.
Pleurosigma spp.
Proboscia sp.
Pseudo nitzschia sp.
Rhizosolenia spp.
Skeletonema sp.
Synedra sp.
Tabellaria sp.
Thalassinothrix sp.
Thalassionema spp.
Thalassiosira spp.
Triceratium spp.
Dinobryon spp.
Mallomonas sp.
Synura sp.
Alexandrium sp.
Ceratium spp.
Glenodinium sp.
Gonyaulax sp.
Gymnodinium sp.
Peridinium spp.
Protopenidinium sp.
Tribonema spp.

..

..

3.53 0.00
28.46 46.98
6.93 7.92
4.51 0.00
79.43116.69
28.62 41.66
4.52 0.00

5.56
5.79
5.98
5.61
5.59

2.38
0.00
2.82
2.38
0.76

7.91 0.00
13.40 16.66
7.91 0.00
5.62 2.38
3.14 0.00
7.91 0.00
5.79 0.00
-

1.28 1.95
6.77 2.25
1.35 0.00
4.52 0.00
4.51 0.00
3.53 0.00

..

..

22.32 39.65 0.076 0.09

25.37 31.17
39.87 61.23 0.093 0.06
342.00 659.22
53.45 73.20
0.068 0.08
4.58 6.82
46.43 62.47
0.152 0.09
0.26 0.23
0.017 0.00
0.016 0.00
0.06 0.06
0.017 0.00
6.61 1.51
31.54 27.39 0.016 0.00
13.38 18.29
0.38 0.04

80

 Pearson Correlation
Density

Temp. Temp. pH Transpa- Salinity

Air
water
rency
Density Pearson Correlation
1
-.011 .105* -.060
.147** .143**
Sig.(2-tailed)
.822
.038
.236
.004
.005
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
Temp. Pearson Correlation
-.011
1 .724** -.513** -.418** -.623**
Sig.(2-tailed)
.822
.000
.000
.000
.000
Air
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
Temp. Pearson Correlation
.105
.724**
1 -.247**
.322**
.086
water
Sig.(2-tailed)
.038
.000
.000
.000
.089
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
pH
Pearson Correlation
-.060 -.513** -.247**
1
.428** .408**
Sig.(2-tailed)
.236
.000
.000
.000
.000
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
Transpa Pearson Correlation
.147** -.418** .322** .428**
1 .964**
-rency Sig.(2-tailed)
.004
.000
.000
.000
.000
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
Salinity Pearson Correlation
.143** -.623**
.086 .408**
.964**
Sig.(2-tailed)
.005
.000
.089
.000
.000
N
388
388
388
388
388
388
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level ( 2-tailed )
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level ( 2-tailed )

81

.. 2556

pH

28
30
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33.5
33
33
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8

28
28
26
30
29
30
29
29
29
29
29
29
7
7
7
6
7
7
6
7
7

34
31
30
35
35
35
35
35
35
34.5
34.5
34.5
6
7
6
6
7
7
6
7
7

34
33
32
32
32.5
32.5
32
32
32.5
32
32
32
6
7
6
7
7
7
6
6
7

82
()

58.5
64
61
44.5
51.5
49
46
47
40.5
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27

42
42.5
40
43
43.5
42
40
36.5
35
25
25
25
26
25
26
27
28
28

59
64.5
61.5
49.5
51
53.5
45.5
47.5
45
30
29
29
30
31
31
30
30
30

16.5
20
19.5
16
15.75
16.5
21.25
18.5
19
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

83

1. > Flow meter
  Flow meter  1 ` 15 20
`    (Horizontal tow )
`  (Vertical tow)
Flow meter (
`)
1

1 Flow meter
Flow meter
6>
1
2
3
4

Flow meter
00154
00158
00162
00165

Flow meter
00158
00162
00165
00170

4
4
3
5
20
16/4 = 4

84

2. 6

 2 `
( r = 15 cm

V


V
=
r2 =
n
=
N
=
* 1

= 0.15 m)

( n / N)(r2 )(1000)

` ()
` ()
 ` (
)
 Flow meter
1 (/)
1,000

Flow meter

20 `

( 20/4)(3.14 x 0.152)(1000)
=

353.25

85
`

6
>

` (V)

` (V)

(A)

(A)

1
` (V)

(A)

20
20
60

3
4
5
6

1 *

1 *

1 *




1(B)

1 (B)
1 (B)


(A x B)
(60B)
20 ( 20B)
/
/
/
AxB
60B x A
20B
V
20 x V
V
* 1 Hemacytometer Sedgwick Rafter Cell

86

3. 1
3.1 1 Hemacytometer
6 1

N x 1000
VR

 ` ()

()

3.2 1 Sedgwick Rafter Cell

6 1

N x 1000
R

 ` ()