viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -1- emeronTI01

1 > etIm:UlCaGVI ? Gav:UkaRdUCaGVI ? xñatm:asGatUmCaGVI ?

cemøIy
- m:Ul (mol ) KWCaRbB½n§xñatGnþrCatisRmab;vas;nUvbrimaNsarFatu . tamniymn½y 1mol
KWCacMnYnsarFatuEdlmanpg;CaeRcIndUcKñanwgGatUmkabUnGIusUtUb 12 (12 g ) . dUecñH m:as
CaRkaménsarFatuNamYyCaelx mYym:UlesμInwgm:asGatUm¬$m:UelKulénsarFatuenaH ¦.
- Gav:UkaRdU KWCaCaxñatbzméncMnYnskmμkñúgmYym:Ul ³
N A = 6.022 × 10 26 kmol −1 = 6.022 × 10 23 mol −1

-m:asGatUm KWCaxñatEdlRtUv)nkMNt;esμInwg énm:asGatUmkabUn 1

12
12 ³
1 0.012kg / mol
1u = × −1
= 1.66 × 10 − 27 kg
12 6.022 × 10 mol
23

2 > dbmYypÞúk[sμ½nmanmaDefreRkamsm<aFefr P = 1.0atm enAsItuNðPaN t = 17 C .

o
o

etIeKRtUvkemþA[sμ½nenHdl;b:unμanGgSaredIm,I[sm<aFekIneLIgdl; 1.5atm ?
cemøIy
KNnasItuNðPaBEdlRtUvkemþA ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV P V
T
=
T
naM [o
³ T=
o PV
PV
×T o
o o o

smmUl ³ T=
P
Po
× To (V0 = V )

eday ³ P0 = 1.0atm, P = 1.5atm , T0 = t + 273 = 17 + 273 = 290 K

eyIg)n ³ T=
1.5atm
1.0atm
× 290 K = 435K

dUcenH ³ T = 435 K

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 1- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -2- emeronTI01
3 > eKbBa©ÚlGIuRdUEsneTAkñúg)LúgmYyEdlmanmaD 100m enAsItuNðPaB 7 C eRkam 3 o

sm<aF 0.7atm . KNnabMBg;GIuRdUEsnEdlRtUveRbI edIm,IbMe):g)LúgenH ebIbMBg;mYyman

GIuRdUEsn 20l eRkamsm<aF 150atm enAsItuNðPaB 27 C edaysmμtfa ]sμ½nkñúgbMBg;RtUv o

)nbBa©ÚleTAkñúg)LúgTaMgGs; .
cemøIy
KNnabMBg;GIuRdUEsnEdlRtUveRbI ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV
T
=
PV
T
1 1
naM [ ³ V =
2 PV T
TP
2
2
1 1 2

1 2 1 2

eday ³ V = 100m , P = 0.7atm , P = 150atm

1
3
1 2

T1 = 7 + 273 = 280 K , T2 = 27 + 273 = 300 K

0.7atm × 100m 3 × 300 K
eyIg)n ³ V2 =
280 K × 150atm
= 0.5m 3

ebI N CacMnYnbMBg; eyIg)n ³ N= 2

V
Vo
eday ³ V = 0.5cm , V = 20l = 20 × 10 m
2
3
o
−3 3

3
eyIg)n ³ N=
0.5m
20 × 10 m
= 25 −3 3

dUcenH eKRtUveRbIGs;bMBg;GIuRdUEsncMnYn ³ N = 25

4 > eKykbMBg;GuksIuEsnmYyEdlmancMNuH 20l eRkamsm<aF P = 200atm enAsItuNðPaB 1

t = 20 C eTAdak;kñúgEkv)LúgekAs‘UesþIgmYy . KNnamaD)Lúg ebI]sμ½nkñúg)Lúgman

o

sm<aF P = 1atm nigsItuNðPaB t = 9 C .

2
o

cemøIy
KNnamaD)Lúg ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV
T
=
PV
T
1 1
naM [ ³ V = 2PV T
TP
2
2
1 1 2

1 2 1 2

eday ³ V = 20l = 20 × 10 m , P = 200atm , P = 1atm

1
−3 3
1 2

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 2- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -3- emeronTI01
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293K , T2 = 9 + 273 = 282 K
200 × 20 × 10 −3 × 282
eyIg)n ³ V2 =
1 × 293
= 3.85m 3

V2 = 3.85m 3

5 > Ekv)LúgmYymancMNuH 20l manGIuRdUEsnbrisuT§enAsItuNðPaB t = 27 C eRkamsm<aF o

P = 20atm manmaDm:UlFmμta V = 22.4l m:asm:Ul M = 2.0 g / mol nigsm<aFKMrU

mol

P = 1 . atm
o . KNnam:asGIuRdUEsnkñúgEkv)Lúg .
cemøIy
KNnam:asGIuRdUEsnkñúgEkv)Lúg ³
tamrUbmnþ]sμ½nbrisuT§ ³ pV = p V (1 + 273 t
) naM[ ³ V =
o o
pV
t o
p o (1 + )
273
eday ³ po = 1.0atm , p = 20atm , V = 20l , t = 27 o C
20 × 20
eyIg)n ³ Vo =
27
= 364l
1.0(1 + )
273
m:üageTot ³ V
n= o =
364l
Vmol 22.4l
= 16.25mol

eyIg)n ³ m = nM = 16.25mol × 2.0 g = 32.5 g

dUcenH ³ m = 32.5 g

6 > RbGb;mYypÞúk]sμ½nbrisTu §manmaD V = 200cm mansm<aF P = 10atm enAsItuNðPaB

3

t = 27 C . KNnacMnYnm:UelKulkñúgRbGb; ebIefrsklén]sμ½nbrisuT§ R = 8.31J / molK .

o

cemøIy
KNnacMnYnm:UelKulkñúgRbGb; ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT naM[ ³ n=
pV
RT

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 3- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -4- emeronTI01
eday ³ P = 10atm = 10 × 1.013 × 105 Pa , V = 200cm3 = 200 × 10 −6 m 3

R = 8.31J / molK , T = 27 + 273 = 300 K

10 × 1.013 × 105 × 200 × 10 −6
eyIg)n ³ n=
8.31 × 300
= 8.13 × 10 −2 mol

dUcenH ³ n = 8.13 × 10 −2 mol

m:üageTot ³ n=
N
N Avo
naM[ ³ N = N Avo × n

eday ³ N Avo = 6.02 × 10 23 / mol , n = 8.13 × 10 −2 mol

eyIg)n ³ N = 6.02 × 10 23 / mol × 8.13 × 10 −2 mol = 4.89 × 10 22

dUcenH ³ N = 4.89 × 10 22

7 > ]sμ½nbrisuT§manmaD 10 m (10L) sßiteRkamsm<aF 1.52MPa enAsItuNðPaB 298.15K .

−2 3

k > KNnacMnYnm:Ulén]sμ½nbrisuT§enH ebIefrsklén]sμ½nbrisuT§ R = 8.31J / molK .

x > KNnadg;sIuetm:asebI]sμ½nCaGIuRdUEsn ( H ) . 2

K > KNnadg;sIuetm:asebI]sμn½ CaGuksIuEsn (O ) . 2

cemøIy
k > KNnacMnYnm:Ulén]sμ½nbrisuT§enH ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT naM[ ³ n=
pV
RT
eday ³ p = 1.52MPa = 1.52 × 10 Pa , V = 10 m 6 −2 3

R = 8.31J / molK , T = 298.15K

−2
1.52 × 10 × 10 6
eyIg)n ³ n=
8.31 × 298.15
= 6.135mol

dUcenH ³ n = 6.135mol

x > KNnadg;sIuetm:asebI]sμ½nCaGIuRdUEsn ( H ) ³ 2

GIuRdUEsnmanm:asGatUm 1.008g eyIg)n 1mol GIuRdUEsn ( H ) manm:as ³ 2

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 4- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -5- emeronTI01
M = 2 × matom = 2 × 1.008 g = 2.016 g = 2.016 × 10 −3 kg

eyIg)ndg;sIuetGIRdUEsn ³ ρ= =
m nM
V V
eday ³ −2
n = 6.135mol , V = 10 m , M = 2.016 × 10 3 −3
kg
−3
6.135 × 2.016 × 10
eyIg)n ³ ρ=
10
= 1.24kg / m
−2
3

dUcenH ³ ρ = 1.24kg / m 3

K > KNnadg;sIuetm:asebI]sμn½ CaGuksIuEsn O ³ 2

GuksIuEsnmanm:asGatUm 16 g eyIg)n 1mol GIuRdUEsn (O ) manm:as ³ 2

M = 2 × matom = 2 × 16 g = 32 g = 32 × 10 −3 kg

eyIg)ndg;sIuetGIRdUEsn ³ ρ= =
m nM
V V
eday ³ −2
n = 6.135mol , V = 10 m , M = 32 × 10 3 −3
kg
−3
6.135 × 32 × 10
eyIg)n ³ ρ=
10
= 19.63kg / m
−2
3

dUcenH ³ ρ = 19.63kg / m 3

8 > m:asIunbUmxül;mYybUmxül;)n 66L dak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgFugEdlmancMNuH 6L eday

sItuNðPaB\tpøas;bþÚrsßiteRkamsm<aF 1atm . KNnasm<aFcugeRkayrbs;xül;kñúgFug .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aFcugeRkayrbs;xül;kñúgFug ³
tamc,ab;b‘y-m:arüút ³ pV = p'V ' naM[ ³ p' =
pV
V'
eday ³ p = 1atm , V = 66 L + 6 L = 76 L , V ' = 6 L
1atm × 72 L
eyIg)n ³ p' =
6L
= 12atm

dUcenH ³ p' = 12atm

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 5- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -6- emeronTI01
9 > FugsaMgmYymancMNuH 0.025m manbrimaNGasUt 0.084kg ekInsm<aF)n 3.17atm
3

KNnasItuNðPaBrbs;]sμ½nGasUt ( N ) ebIsm<aFbriyakas p = 1.013 × 10 Pa nig

2 atm
5

efrsklén]sμ½nbrisuT§ R = 8.314 J / molK .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnasItuNðPaBrbs;]sμ½nGasUt ( N ) ³ 2

μ pV
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = RT naM[ ³
m
μ
T=
mR
eyIgsegáteXIjfa GasUtmanm:asm:Ul μ = 2 × 14 = 28g = 28 × 10 kg −3

m:üageTot ³ p = 3.17atm + 1atm = 4.17 atm = 4.17 × 1.013 × 10 Pa 5

V = 0.025m 3 , m = 0.084kg , R = 8.314 J / molK

28 × 10 −3 × 4.17 × 1.013 × 10 5 × 0.025
eyIg)n ³ T=
0.084 × 8.314
= 423K

dUcenH ³ T = 423K

10 > )LúgmYyman]sμ½neGlüÚm 500m enAsItuNðPaB 27 C nigsm<aF 1atm . KNna

3 o

maDrbs;eGlüÚmenAkm<s; 5.486 × 10 m enAsm<aF 0.5atm nigsItuNðPaB − 3 C .

3 o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDrbs;eGlüÚm ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV
T
=
PV
T
naM
1 1
[ ³ V =
PV T
2

TP
2
2
1 1 2

1 2 1 2

eday ³ V = 500m , P = 1atm , P = 0.5atm

1
3
1 2

T1 = 27 + 273 = 390 K , T2 = −3 + 273 = 270 K

1atm × 500m 3 × 270 K
eyIg)n ³ V2 =
300 K × 0.5atm
= 900m 3

dUcenH ³ V2 = 900m 3

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 6- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -7- emeronTI01
11 > enAeRkamsm<aF 1atm enAsItuNðPaB 15 C xül;manmaD 2L . KNnasm<aFenA
o

sItuNðPaB 20 C nigmaD 2L .
o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aFenAsItuNðPaB 20 C ³ o

tamrUbmnþ ³ pV p'V '

T
=
T'
naM [ ³ p' =
pVT '
TV '
eday ³ p = 1atm , V = V ' = 2L , T = 15 + 273 = 288K , T ' = 20 + 273 = 293K
1atm × 2 L × 293K
eyIg)n ³ p' =
2 L × 288K
= 1.017atm

dUcenH ³ p '=1.017atm

12 > enAsItuNðPaB 27 C brimaNGIuRdUEsnmanmaD 3L . KNnamaDGIuRdUEsnenA

o

sItuNðPaB 73 C ebIsm<aFrbs;vamantémøefr .
o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDGIuRdUEsnenAsItuNðPaB 73 C ³ o

tamrUbmnþ ³ pV p'V '

T
=
T'
smmU
l ³ V V'
=
T T'
naM[ ³ V '= VTT '
eday ³ V = 3L , T = 27 + 273 = 300K , T ' = 73 + 273 = 346K
× 346
eyIg)n ³ V ' = 3L300 = 3.46 L

dUcenH ³ V '= 3.46L

13 > eKykxül;manmaD 1m enAsItuNðPaB 18 C . eRkamsm<aF 1atm eTAbENÑndl;
3 o

sm<aF 3.5atm edayrkSasItuNðPaBenAdEdl . KNnamaDxül;eRkayeBlbENÑn .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDxül;eRkayeBlbENÑn ³
lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 7- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl
viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -8- emeronTI01
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = p'V ' naM[ ³ V '=
pV
p'
eday ³ V = 1m 3 , p = 1atm , p' = 3.5atm
1atm × 1m 3
eyIg)n ³ V '=
3.5atm
= 0.28m 3

dUcenH ³ V ' = 0.28m 3

14 > enAsItuNðPaB 293K nigsm<aF 5atm ]sμ½nemtan 1kmol manm:as 16.0kg .

KNnam:asmaDénemtankñúglkx½NÐxagelI ebI R = 8314 J / kmolK .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnam:asmaDemtan ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT =
m
M
RT naM [ ³ m M p
V
=
RT
=ρ

eday ³ T = 293K , p = 5atm = 5 × 1.013 × 10 N / m , R = 8314 J / kmolK

5 2

M = 16.0kg / kmol
m 16.0 × 5 × 1.013 × 105
eyIg)n ³ ρ=
V
=
8314 × 293
= 3.33kg / m 3

dUcenH ³ ρ = 3.33kg / m 3

15 >bMBg;sakmYymanmaD10L pÞúk]sμ½nenAsItuNðPaB 0 C nigsm<aFxül; P = 1.0atm .o

o

eKbiT[CitrYcdut kemþArhUtdl;sItuNðPaB 100 C . KNnasm<aF]sμ½nkñúgbMBg; .

o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aF]sμ½nkñúgbMBg; ³
tamc,ab;sal ³ T
p
=
p
T
$
o
P=1 p
T
×T 1
o
1
o 1 o

eday ³ Po = 1.0atm , To = 0 o C = 273K , t = 100o C = 100 + 273 = 373K

1.0atm × 373K
eyIg)n ³ P2 =
273K
= 1.37atm

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 8- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 -9- emeronTI01
dUcenH ³ P2 = 1.37 atm

16 > eKykbMBg;]sμ½nkabUnikmYymancMNuH 20l eRkamsm<aF P = 20atm enAsItuNðPaB 1

t = 20 C eTAdak;kñúgfg;)øsÞikesþIgmYy . KNnamaDrbs;fg; ebImaD]sμ½nkñúgfg;man

1
o

sm<aF P = 5atm nigsItuNðPaB t = 6 C .

2 2
o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDrbs;fg; ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV
T
=
pV
T
1 1
naM
2
[ ³ 2
V =
pVT
pT
2
1 1 2

1 2 2 1

eday ³ p = 20atm , p = 5atm , V = 20 L

1 2 1

T1 = 20 + 273 = 293K , T2 = 6 + 273 = 279 K

20 × 20 × 279
eyIg)n ³ V2 =
5 × 293
= 76 L

dUcenH ³ V2 = 76 L

17 > RbGb;mYypÞúk]sμ½nbrisTu §manmaD 20cm mansm<aF 10atm enAsItuNðPaB 20 C .

3 o

KNnacMnYnm:UelKulenAkñúgRbGb; ebI R = 8.31J / molK .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnacMnYnm:UelKulenAkñúgRbGb; ³

tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT =
N
NA
RT naM[ ³ N=
pVN A
RT
eday ³ p = 10 Pa = 10 × 1.013 × 10 5 Pa , V = 20cm 3 = 2 × 10 −5 m 3

R = 8.31J / molK , T = 20 + 273 = 293K

N A = 6.02 × 10 23
10 × 1.013 × 10 5 × 2 × 10 −5 × 6.02 × 10 23
eyIg)n ³ N=
8.31 × 293
= 5.0 × 10 21

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 9- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 10 - emeronTI01
dUcenH ³ N = 5.0 × 10 21 m:UelKul
18 > enAkñúgbMBg;biTCitEdlmanmaD 20mL enAsItuNðPaBTabEdlmanGasUtravman
m:as 50mg . KNnasm<aFGasUtenAkñúgbMBg;enAsItuNðPaB 300K edaycat;TukGasUt
Ca]sμ½nbrisuT§ eK[ R = 8.31J / molK .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aF ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT =
M
μ
RT naM[ ³ p=
M
Vμ
RT

eday ³ V = 20mL = 2 ×10 L = 2 ×10 m , T = 300K , M = 50mg = 5 ×10 kg

−2 −5 3 −5

R = 8.31J / molK , μ = 28 g / mol = 28 × 10 −3 kg / mol

−5
5 × 10 × 8.31 × 300
eyIg)n ³ p= −5
2 × 10 × 28 × 10
= 2.23 × 10 N / m
−3
5 2

dUcenH ³ p = 2.23 × 10 N / m 5 2

19 > BBuHxül;mYyRtUv)ndac;ecjBI)tbwg rIk)nmaDbYndgeFobnwgmaDedImeBleFVI

clnadl;épÞTwkEdlmansm<aF 100kPa . KNnasm<aFenA)tbwg ebIsItuNðPaBkñúg
Twkbwgmantémøefr .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aFenA)tbwg ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = p'V ' naM[ ³ p=
p 'V '
V
eday ³ p ' = 100kPa , V ' = 4V
100kPa × 4V
eyIg)n ³ p=
V
= 400kPa

dUcenH ³ p = 400kPa

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 10- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 11 - emeronTI01
20 > KNnabrimaN]sμ½nkñúgeBagmYyEdlmanmaD 500L enAsItuNðPaB 40 C . eK[ o

m:asm:Ulén]sμ½n M = 32g / mol sm<aF p = 20atm nigefrskl R = 8.314 J / molK .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnabrimaN]sμ½nkñúgeBag ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = nRT =
m
M
RT naM [ ³ m=
M pV
RT
eday ³ V = 500L = 500dm = 0.5m , R = 8.314J / molK
3 3

T = 40 + 273 = 313K , M = 32 g / mol = 32 × 10 −3 kg / mol

p = 20atm = 20 × 1.013 × 10 5 N / m 2
32 × 10 −3 kg / mol × 20 × 1.013 × 105 N / m 2 × 0.5m 3
eyIg)n ³ m=
8.314 J / molK × 313K
= 12.46kg

dUcenH ³ m = 12.46kg

21 > tamry³]bkrN_vas;bERmbRmYlsm<aF eKrkeXIjfasm<aFkñúgFugGuksIuEsnxusBI

sm<aFeRkAFug.eKdwgfakñúgGuksIuEsn 1.00m Rbdab;vas;ekIn)n 30atm bnÞab;BIeRbIR)s;
3

Gs;xøHsm<aFk¾fycuHGs; 5atm vij. KNnamaDGuksIuEsnEdleRbIR)s;Gs;enAsm<aF

Fmμtaedaycat;fakñúgkMLúgeBleRbIR)s;sItuNðPaBmantémøefrCanic© .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDGuksIuEsnEdleRbIR)s;enAsm<aFFmμta ³
-eBlsm<aFfycuHBI 30atm eTA 25atm ³ p óVo = pV naM[ ³ V =
p óVo
p

eday ³ p o = 31atm , p = 26atm , V = 1.00m 3

31 × 1.00 31 3
eyIg)n ³ V =
26
=
26
m

eyIg)nmaDEdleRbIR)s;Gs; ³ ΔV = Vo − V = 1.00m 3 −
31 3
26
m =
5 3
26
m

-maDeRbIR)s;enAsItuNðPaB 1atm ³ pV = p'V ' naM[ ³ V '=

pV
p'
lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 11- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl
viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 12 - emeronTI01
eday ³ p = 26atm , p = 1atm , V =
5 3
26
m

5
26 ×
eyIg)n ³ V ' = 1 26 = 5m 3

dUcenHmaDEdleRbIR)s;enAsm<aFFmμtaKW ³ V ' = 5m 3

22 > cUreRbIR)s;c,ab;]sμ½nTUeTAedIm,IKNnadg;sIuetemtan CH enAsItuNðPaB 20 C 4

o

enAsm<aF 5atm ebImYyKILÚm:Ulemtanmanm:as 16.0kg .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnadg;sIuetemtan ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV = RT naM[ ³
m
μ
V =
nRT
p
eday ³ n = 1kmol , T = 20 + 273 = 293K , p = 5atm = 5 × 1.013 × 10 N / m 5 2

R = 8314 J / kmolK
8314 × 293
eyIg)n ³ V =
5 × 1.013 × 10 5
= 4.8m 3

m:üageTot ³ ρ=
M 16.0kg
V
=
4.8m 3
= 3.33kg / m 3

dUcenH ³ ρ = 3.33kg / m 3

23 > kg;rfynþmYyRtUv)nbBa©Úlxül;rhUtdl;sm<aF 24Psi enAsItuNðPaB 20 C . enA o

eBlrfynþebIkbredayel,ÓnelOnsItuNðPaBkg;ekIndl; 60 C . o

KNnasm<aFxül;eBlrfynþkMBug;ebIkbr ebIxül;manmaDminERbRbYl .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasm<aFxül; ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV
T
=
p 'V '
T'
naM [ ³ p' =
p' T '
T
(V = V ' )

eday ³ T = 20 + 273 = 293K , T ' = 60 + 273 = 333K

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 12- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 13 - emeronTI01
p = 14.7 psi + 24 psi = 38.7 psi
38.7 psi × 333K
eyIg)n ³ p' =
293K
= 44 psi

dUcenH ³ p' = 44 psi

24 > kñúgm:asIunm:as‘UtenAsItuNðPaB nigsm<aFKMrUsIuLaMgBIsþúgbRgÜmxül;dl;maD 161 én

maDedIm nigmansm<aF 50atm . KNnasItuNðPaBxül;EdlRtUv)nbRgÜm .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasItuNðPaBxül;EdlRtUv)nbRgÜm ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV
T
=
p 'V '
T'
naM [ ³ T '=
p 'V ' T
pV
eday ³ V '= 161 V $ V = 16V '
T = 50atm , p = 1atm , p' = 50atm , T = 273K
50atm × V '×273K
eyIg)n ³ T'=
1atm × 16V '
= 853K

dUcenH ³ T ' = 853K

25 > meFüa)ymYyedIm,I[]sμ½ncuHRtCak;KWeFVI[]sμ½nrIkmaD . Fmμta]sμ½nenAsItuNðPaB

27 C nigsm<aF 40atm RtUv)nBRgIkdl;sm<aFbriyakas nigmanmaDFMCagmun13 dg .
o

KNnasItuNðPaBfμIén]sμ½n .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnasItuNðPaBfμIén]sμ½n ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ pV
T
=
p 'V '
T'
naM [ ³ T '=
p 'V ' T
pV
eday ³ V ' = 13V , T = 50atm , p = 40atm , p' = 1atm , T = 27 + 273 = 300K
1atm × 13V × 300 K
eyIg)n ³ T'=
40atm × V
= 97.5 K

dUcenH ³ T ' = 97.5 K

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 13- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 14 - emeronTI01
26 > eKbENÑn]sμ½nEdlmanm:as nigsItuNðPaBefrmansm<aFekInBI 1atm dl; 25atm .
KNnamaDenAsm<aFcugeRkay ebImaDedIm 100L .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDenAsm<aFcugeRkay ³
tamc,ab;by-m:arüút ³ PV = P 'V ' naM[ ³ V ' = PV
P'
eday ³ P = 1atm , P' = 25atm , V = 100 L

eyIg)n ³ V ' = 1atm25×atm 100 L

= 4L

dUcenH ³ V ' = 4L

27 > )LúgmYymanmaDefr 1cm mantbMBg;Rtg;eLIgelIEdlmanmuxkat; 2mm bnþBI

3 2

KRmb)Lúg . kñúgbMBg;Qrmandak;)rtedIm,IRtYtBinitüemIlkMeNInmaD]sμ½nkñúg)Lúg .
KNnabmøas;TIrbs;)rtkalsItuNðPaBekIneLIgBI 15 C dl; 20 C . o o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnabmøas;TIrbs;)rt ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV P'V '
T
=
T'
smmU l ³ V V'
=
T T'
naM[ ³ V '= TT'V
eyIg)n ³ ΔV = V '−V =
T 'V
T
T'
− V = ( − 1)V
T
eday ³ T = 15 C = 15 + 273 = 288K , T ' = 25 C = 25 + 273 = 298K
o o

V = 1cm 3
eyIg)n ³ ΔV = (
298
288
− 1) × 1 =
10
288
cm 3
ΔV
m: üageTot ³ ΔV = A × h naM[ ³ h=
A
eday ³ ΔV =
10
288
cm 3 , A = 2mm 2 = 2 × 10 −2 cm 2

lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 14- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 15 - emeronTI01
10
eyIg)n ³ h = 288− 2 =
2 × 10
10
288 × 2 × 10 − 2
= 1.74cm

dUcenH)rteLIg)nkm<s; ³ h = 1.74cm

28 >enAsm<aF 1atm nigsItuNðPaB 15 C ]sμ½nmanmaD10 L . KNnamaDrbs;]sμ½neBl

o

sißteRkamsm<D 20atm nigsItuNðPaB 20 C . o

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDrbs;]sμ½n ³
tamc,ab;ekluysak; ³ PV P'V '
T
=
T'
naM [ ³ V '=
T ' PV
TP '
eday ³ T = 15 C = 15 + 273 = 288K , T ' = 20 C = 20 + 273 = 293K
o o

V = 10 L , P = 1atm , P ' = 20atm

293 × 1 × 10
eyIg)n ³ V '=
288 × 20
= 0.5L

dUcenH ³ V ' = 0 .5 L

29 > eKsþúkGIuRdUEsnkñúgbMBg;mYyeRkamsm<aF 1N / cm enAsItuNðPaB 20 C . eKyk

2 o

GIuRdUEsnkñúgbMBg;enHeTAdak;bMeBjkñúgbMBg;mYyeTotEdlmancMNuH 20L sßiteRkamsm<aF

100 N / cm enAsItuNðPaBdEdl . KNnamaDGIuRdUEsnEdlRtUvcak;bMeBj .
2

dMeNaHRsay
KNnamaDGIuRdUEsnEdlRtUvcak;bMeBj ³
tamc,ab;b‘y-mar:üút ³ PV = P 'V ' naM[ ³ V = PP'V '
eday ³ P = 1N / cm , P ' = 100 N / cm , V ' = 20 L
2 2

eyIg)n ³ V = 100 N1N/ cm/ cm× 20L = 2000L

2

dUcenH ³ V = 2000L
lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 15- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl
viTüasa®sþrUbviTüafñak;TI11 - 16 - emeronTI01
30 > bMBg;sIuLaMgmYymanGgát;p©it 4.00cm manxül;RtUv)nbENÑnedayBIsþúgEdlman
m:as 13.0kg GacrGiledayesrIenAkñúgsIuLaMg . karerobcMenHRbB½n§RtUv)nRCmuCeTAkñúg
TwkEdlGacRtYtBinitüssItuNðPaB)n . dMbUgRbB½n§manlMnwgenAsItuNðPaB t = 20 C i
o

ÉBIsþúgsßitenAkm<s; h = 4.00cm BI)tsIuLaMg . cugeRkayeKtemøIgsItuNðPaBTwkdl;

i

t = 100 C cUrKNnakm<s;eLIgdl;rbs;BIsþúg h .
f
o
f

dMeNaHRsay
KNnakm<s;eLIgdl;rbs;BIsþúg h ³ f

Vi V f Vf Tf
edaysm<aF nigm:asefr]sμ½n eyIg)n ³ =
Ti T f
$ Vi
=
Ti

Vf Ah f hf Vf Tf hf
m:üageTot ³ Vi
=
Ahi
=
hi
eyIg)n ³ Vi
=
Ti
=
hi
Tf
naM[ ³ hf =
Ti
hi

eday ³ t f = 100 o C , Ti = 20 o C , hi = 4.00cm

eyIg)n ³ hf =
373K
293K
× 4.00cm = 5.09cm

dUcenH ³ h f = 5.09cm




lkçN³kemþAénrUbFatu - 16- eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl