1> KNnael,ÓnsUrkñúgxül;enAsItuNðPaB 35 C ebIel,ÓnsUrkñúgxül;enAsItuNðPaB 0 C

o o

KW 331m / s .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnael,ÓnsUrkñúgGuksIuEsn ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ v = v T / 273
o

eday ³ v = 331m / s , T = 35 + 273 = 308K

o

eyIg)n ³ v = 331 308 / 273 = 351.6m / s

dUcenH ³ v = 351.6m / s

2 > kMNt;sItuNðPaBedIm,I[el,ÓnsUrekIneLIg 1% eFobnwgel,Ónxül;enAsItuNðPaB

0 C.o

dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;sItuNðPaBedIm,I[el,ÓnsUrekIneLIg ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ v = v T / 273
o

v − vo vo T / 273 − v0
eBlel,ÓnsUrekIneLIg 1% eyIg)n ³ vo
=
vo
= 0.01

smmUl ³ T / 273 − 1 = 0.01 $ T = (0.01 + 1) × 273 = 278.48K

2

dUcenH ³ T = 278.48 K

3 > sUrmYymanGaMgtg;sIuet I = 0.2W / m nigmYyeTotmanGaMgtg;sIuet I

1
2
2 = 0.5W / m 2 .
KNnakRmitsNþab;&énsUrnImYy² .
dMeNaHRsay
1 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
KNnakRmitsNþab;&énsUrnImYy² ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ β = 10 log
I
I
o

-cMeBaHsUrTImYy ³ I = 0.2W / m , I = 10
1
2
o
−12
W / m2

eyIg)n ³ β = 10 log
1
10
0.2
= 113dB
−12

-cMeBaHsUrTIBIr ³ I = 0.5W / m , I = 10
1
2
o
−12
W / m2

eyIg)n ³ β = 10 log
2
10
0.5
= 117dB
−12

dUcenH ³ β = 113dB , β = 117 dB

1 2

4 > ]eXasns½BÞmYymanGgát;p©it 15cm . edaysnμt;fasemøgRtUv)nbnSayqøgkat;rgVg;

enHy:agÉksNæan .
KNnaGanuPaBrbs;]eXasns½BÞenH ebIsemøgmanGaMgtg;sIuet 100μW / m . 2

dMeNaHRsay
KNnaGanuPaBrbs;]eXasns½BÞ ³
2 2
tamrUbmnþ ³ P = IA = I × π
d
4
( A =π
d
4
)

eday ³ I = 100μW / m , d = 15cm = 0.15m

2

2
eyIg)n ³ P = 100 μW / m × π
2 (0.15m)
4
= 1.77 μW

dUcenH ³ P = 1.77 μW

5 > sIuLÚhVÚnmYymanGaMgtg;sIuetsUr 70dB . semøgniyaybursmñak;manGaMgtg;sIuetsUr

40dB . KNnapleFobGaMgtg;sIueténsUrTaMgBIr .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnapleFobkRmitsNþab;&énsUrTaMgBIr ³
⎛I ⎞
-kRmitsNþab;&rbs;sIuLÚhVÚn ³ β = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
x $ I = I 10x
x o
β x / 10

I ⎝ o ⎠

2 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 ⎛ Im ⎞
-kRmitsNþab;&rbs;burs ³ β m = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ $ I m = I o 10 β m / 10
⎝ Io ⎠
β x −βm
I 10 β x / 10
eyIg)n ³ Ix
= o β m / 10 = 10 β x / 10−
I m I o 10
β m / 10
= 10 10

eday ³ I x = 70dB , I m = 40dB

70 − 40

eyIg)n ³ Ix
Im
= 10 10 = 1000

dUcenH ³ Ix
Im
= 1000

6 > sUrEdlGac[RtecokmnusSTTYlkarQWcab;mYymanGaMgtg;sIuet 1.2W / m . cUr 2

KNnakRmitsNþab;&énsUrenH ebIGaMgtg;sIuenHedIm I = 10 M / m . o
−12 2

dMeNaHRsay
KNnakRmitsNþab;&énsUr ³
⎛ I ⎞
tamrUbmnþ ³ β = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
I ⎝ o ⎠
eday ³ I o = 10 −12 M / m 2 , I = 1.2W / m 2
⎛ 1.2 ⎞
eyIg)n ³ β = 10 log⎜ −12 ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠
= 120.79dB

dUcenH ³ β = 120.79dB

7 > sUrmYymankRmitsNþab;& 60dB EdlkRmitsUrsßitenACit]eXasns½BÞEdlmanépÞ

muxkat; 120cm .
2

k > KNnaGaMgtg;sIuetsUrenH .
x > KNnaGanuPaBGaKUsÞikecjBI]eXasns½BÞ .
dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnaGaMgtg;sIuetsUrenH ³
⎛ I ⎞
tamrUbmnþ ³ β = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ naM[ ³ I = I 10 o
β / 10

⎝I o ⎠

3 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

eday ³ I = 10 M / m , β = 60dB
o
−12 2

eyIg)n ³ I = 10 × 10 −12
= 10 W / m
60 / 10 −6 2

dUcenH ³ I = 10 W / m −6 2

x > KNnaGanuPaBGaKUsÞikecjBI]eXasns½BÞ ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ P = IA

m:üageTot ³ −6
I = 10 W / m , A = 120cm = 12 × 10
2 2 −3
m2

eyIg)n ³ −6
P = 10 W / m × 12 × 10 m = 12 × 10
2 −3 2 −9
W

eyIg)n ³ P = 12 × 10 W −9

8 > snμt;fakRmitsUrmFüménmnusSmñak;²enAkñúgbnÞb;mYyesμI 40dB .

KNnakRmitsUreBlmanmnusS20nak;kMBugniyay .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnakRmitsUreBlmanmnusS20nak;kMBugniyay ³
⎛I ⎞ ⎛ 20 I ⎞
tamrUbmnþ ³ β = 10 log⎜⎜
Total
⎟⎟ = 10 log⎜⎜
Total

I ⎟
⎟ (*)
I ⎝ o ⎠ ⎝ o ⎠
⎛ I ⎞
-kRmitsNþab;&énmnusSmñak; ³ β = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ $ I = I 0 10 β / 10
⎝ Io ⎠
eday ³ I o = 10 −12 M / m 2 , β = 40dB

eyIg)n ³ I = 10 −12 × 10 40 / 10 = 10 −8 W / m 2

⎛ 20 × 10 −8 ⎞
(*)eyIg)n ³ β Total = 10 log⎜⎜ −12
⎟⎟ = 53dB
⎝ 10 ⎠
dUcenH ³ β Total = 53dB

9 > ExøgRsakmYyk,alkMBugehIrkat;GñkQrsegátmñak;eday 15m / s vaERskedaybeBa©j

eRbkg; 800Hz edayehIrRtg;BIelIk,alGñksegátrYcqøgCBa¢aMgfμeTAmux .
k > KNnaeRbkg;énsERmkExøgRsakTTYledayGñksegát .

4 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 x > KNnaeRbkg;énsemøgExøgRsakEdlCHRtLb;BICBa¢aMg .
dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnaeRbkg;énsERmkExøgRsakTTYledayGñksegát ³
ebI f CaeRbkg;EdlbnSayedayExøgRsak v Caeel,ÓnsUr nig v Cael,ÓnRbPB ¬el,Ón s

ehIrrbs;ExøgRsak ¦ eyIg)n eRbkg;TTYledayGñksegát ³

v
f '= f ×
v + vs

eday ³ v = 340m / s , v s = 15m / s , f = 800 Hz

340m / s
eyIg)n ³ f ' = 800 Hz ×
340m / s + 15m / s
= 766 Hz

dUcenH ³ f ' = 766 Hz

x > KNnaeRbkg;énsemøgExøgRsakEdlCHRtLb;BICBa¢aMg ³
GñksegátTTYl)neRbkg;mYyeTotEdlCakarCHRtLb;rbs;CBa¢aMgfμ eyIg)n ³
v 340m / s
f ''= f × = 800 Hz × = 837 Hz
v − vs 340m / s − 15m / s

dUcenH ³ f ' ' = 837 Hz

10> rfePøIg)nbeBa©jsIuebøenAeBlEdlvaxiteTACit nigcakecjBITImanpøÚvqøgkat; .Gñk

segátmñak;)nvas;)neRbkg;énsUresμI 219 Hz enAeBlrfePøIgxiteTACit nig 184 Hz enA
eBlrfePøIgcakecj . KNnael,ÓnrfePøIg nigeRbkg;énsUrsIuebørbs;va ebIel,ÓnsUr
340m / s .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnael,ÓnrfePøIg ³
ebI v Cael,ÓnrfePøIg f CaeRbkg;énsUrsIuebø eyIg)neRbkg;vas;edayGñksegát enaH
T o

v
eBlrfePøIgxitCit ³ f = f ×
a
v−v
= 219 Hz
o
T

5 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 v
-eBlrfePøIgcakecj³ fl = fo ×
v + vT
= 184 Hz

v
fo ×
v − vT v + vT
eyIg)n ³ fa
fl
=
v
=
219 Hz
184 Hz
$ v − vT
=
219 Hz
184 Hz
= 1.19
fo ×
v + vT

smmUl ³ v + v = 1.19( v − v ) = 1.19 v −1.19 v

T T T

1.19 v − v 1.19 340m / s − 340m / s

naM[ ³ v = T
2.19
=
2.19
= 29.5m / s

dUcenH ³ v = 29.5m / s
T

* KNnaeRbkg;énsUrsIuebør ³

v v−v
eyIgman ³ f = f ×
a
v−v
o = 219 Hz $ f = 219 Hz ×
v
o
T

340m / s − 29.5m / s
smmUl ³ f o = 219 Hz ×
340m / s
= 200 Hz

dUcenH ³ f o = 200 Hz

66666
666

6 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

7 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
8 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
9 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
10 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I