You are on page 1of 20

wdo&Pausmif;wkduf\ 2011-ckESpf rSwfwrf;wif yHk&dyfav;rsm;

twGJ(26) trSwf(10)
2011-ck? arv? 1373-ck? uqkefv

ျမန္မာ့ရိုးရာ စဥ္လာထိန္းျမဲ ထမနဲပြဲ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ႏြဲ

1/ tewåqdkonfrSm (ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;) 2
2/ ukodkvfjzihfaysmf&Tifjcif; (jrif;jcH y@dwf) 7
3/ ewfwdkY rSmwrf; þoHk;cef; (t&SifZeu) 10
4/ ausmif;ajr? ypönf;av;yg;ESifh e0ur®tvSL&Sifrsm; 14
5/ toHrpJy|mef;yGJ tvSL&Sifrsm; 17
6/ Perfect Healing ( B hikkhu Pañño ) 18
7/ qGrf;pm;ausmif;aqmiftvSL&Sifrsm; 23
8/ Easter w&m;pcrf;qGrf;tvSL&Sifrsm; 23
9/ qE´ ESifh b0 (ÓPfÓPf) 24
10/ trSm;qifjcif ÓPfjzifhjyif (t&Sifyanmbmo) 28
11/ 0rf;ajrmufzG,f ukodkvfowif;aumif; 32
12/ uydÜ,um&utzGJU tpD&ifcHpm 36
13/ rSwfwrf;wif "mwfyHkrsm; 40
Easter အားလပ္ရက္မွာ ဘာဝနာပြားလို႔ ကုသိုလ္ရွာ

40 1
(23)Budfrfajrmuf r[mbHkuxdefyGJawmf
ajrmif;jrq7mawmf}uD; atmufwdkbm(16)&uf we*FaEGaeYwGif (23)Budrfajrmuf pkaygif; r[m
]]b,ft&mrsKd;rqdk udk,fvkyfcsifwdkif; vkyfr&ygbl;? udk,fhudk,fwdkif bHkuxdefouFef;uyfvSLyGJudk Chiswick Town Hall ü pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm
udk,fhvufuav;udk ,ck'DrSm arSmufxm;w,f? vSefvdkU&Sd&if vSefcsifwJhpdwf usif;yjyKvkyfrnf jzpfaMumif; today;tyfygonf/
ay:vmw,f? vSefvdkU&ygw,f? arSmufxm;wJhvufudk vSefvdkU&w,f?
vSefvdkufwJh vufudk arSmufvdkY&w,f? 'gav;[m cPyef;taetm;jzihf Munfh½IemMum; ukodkvfyGm;
ydkifEdkifw,fvdkU ac:Edkifw,f? udk,fvkyfcsifovdk vkyfvdkU&w,fvdkU qdkEdkif wdo&Pausmif;\ WebsitewGif ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;\ w&m;awmfrsm;
w,f? odkUayr,hf a[m'DvSef vdkufwJhcPç arSmufvdkufwJhcPrSmyJ &kyfawG ESifh tjcm;q&mawmfrsm;\ w&m;awmfrsm;udk t*Fvdyf+jrefrmESpfbmomjzifh rdrdwdkY
emrfawG[m ajymif;vGJ azmufjyefNyD;awmh aew,f? ]t&m0w¬Kwdkif;[m ESpfouf&m em,lçzwf½IEkdifMuygonf/ qGrf;tvSL&Sifrsm;onf rdrdwdkY vSL'gef;vdkaom
tifrwefao;i,fwJh tEkjrLav;awGeJU aygif;pyfxm;w,fvdkUç avmu &uf tm;^rtm; od&ef www.tisarana.info odkY0ifa&mufí donation tab wGif-
"mwfodyÜHuvJyJ qdkxm;ygw,f? tJ'D tEkjrLav;awG aygif;pyfxm;wmudk Munfh½IvQuf vSL'gef;Ekdif½HkrQru ausmif;wkduf\ bmoma&; vIyf&Sm;rI tpDtpOf
Molecules (armfvDusL;)vdkUac:w,f? olu enf;enf; udkifwG,f prf;oyf rsm;udkvnf; Tisarana Vihara Association \ Facebook ü vnf;0ifa&muf
vdkU &aumif;wJh oabmawG jzpfay:vmw,f? tJ'DuaeNyD; aygif;pyfxm; Munfh½IEkdifMuygNyD/
vdkU vuf&,fvdkU jzpfay:vmw,f? 'DvufqdkwJh t&m0w¬KxJrSm jzpfay:ae arwåm&yfcHjcif;
wJh &kyfrIef&kyfrTm; Atom = (tufwrf) tEkjrLav;awG[m cPrvyf
wpfckeJUwpfck wGef;vdkufç wGef;NyD;awmhjzpfoGm;vdkufç a&GUoGm;vdkufç jrKyf tvSL&Sifrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtdrfvdyfpmrsm; ajymif;oGm;jcif;? vdyfpmr&ao;jcif;
oGm;vdkufç ay:vmvdkufeJU tNrJrjywf jzpfay:aew,fvdkU odyHÜynmuvJ wdkYudk qufoG,ftaMumif;Mum;ay;yg&efESifh tvSL&Sifpm&if;wGif ryg0ifcJhaomf¤if;?
'Dvdkqdkxm;ygw,f? 'DvufrarSmufcifç rvSefcifrSm&SdaewJh vufxJu cRwfacsmfrSm;,Gif;cJhaomf¤if; onf;cHcGifhvTwfMuyg&efESifh q&mawmfrsm;xH today;
&kyfuav;awG&JU ajymif;vTJ azmufjyefrIudk b,folrS wm;vdkUr&ygbl;? vSef avQmufxm;Muyg&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygonf/
vdkufwJhcPç rvSefcifcPç arSmufvdkufwJhcPç rarSmufcifcPç arSmuf- txl;yefMum;vTm
NyD;wJhcPç &kyfw&m;awG[m azmufjyef ysufpD;aew,fvdkU Ak'¨tbd"r®mu
a[mjyxm;ovdk odyHÜynmuvJ qdkxm;ygw,f? tJ'gaMumihf udk,fvkyfcsif tvSL&Sifrsm;onf rdrdwdkY \ tdrfvdyfpm ajymif;oGm;jcif;? vdyfpm ray;&
wm vkyfEdkifw,fqdkwm rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ ao;jcif;rsm; &Sdaeygu "tisarana.uk@gmail.com"odkY emailydkYum taMumif;
Mum;EdkifMuygonf/ Gift Aid Declaration Form rjznfhzl;ao;aom tvSL&Sif
uHw&m;ESihf tewåoabmw&m; rsm;taejzifh txufyg email odkY awmif;cHygu Form udk ydkYay;rnf jzpfygaMumif;
'gjzihf ]Ak'¨bmom0ifawGu uH&Sdw,fvdkU qdkw,f? tJ'D uHuaeNyD; ESifh xdkuJhodkY Gift Aid Declaration Formudk wpfBudrf vufrSwfxdk;xm;jcif;jzifh
vlawGç ewfawGç jA[®mawGudk zefwD;vdkufvdkU jzpfay:vmw,fvdkU qdkxm; rdrdwdkY £1 vSL'gef;wdkif; wdo&Ptoif;taejzifh tpdk;&xHrS 3p (tvSL&Sif rsm;u
jyefw,f? t&Sifbk&m; ajymovdk oljzpfcsifovdk jzpfaewmvdkYqdk&if uHu bmrSjyKvkyfp&mrvdkbJ? rdrdwdkY \ tcGefudpö&yf rsm;wGifvnf; xdckdufrIr&SdbJ)
b,fvdkvkyfNyD; zefwD;vdkY&yghrvJ¿ olwdkU ar;wJhar;cGef;udk obm0usus &&Sdaernfjzpfí rdrdwdk\ ukodkvfrsm; tjrJwdk;yGm;aernfjzpfaMumif; today;tyfyg
ajzEdkifzdkU bmompum;a&mç todÓPfygvdkvdrfhr,f? bkef;BuD;uawmh onf/ odkYjzpfygí Gift Aid Declaration Form ü vufrSwfxdk;jcif;udk jyKvkyfMu
olwdkYauseyfatmif tajzay;vdkufEdkifygw,f? ]]uHqdkwJh oabmw&m;u yg&ef wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/
2 39
pkaygif;qifEGJ Ak'ÎylaZmfyGJ tuf&Sif;vkdUac:w,f? Action qdkwJh oabmw&m;[m Reaction
(&Dtuf&Sif;)tNrJwrf;&Sdw,f? t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk oGm;NyD;awmh xdvdkufw,fç
ESpfpOfusif;yjrJjzpfonfh t|rtBudrf Ak'¨aeYylaZmfyGJudk arv(22)&ufaeYwGif
acgufvdkufw,fqdk&if toHav;awG xGufvmw,f? acgufvdkufjcif;onf
Chiswick Town Hall ü pkaygif;usif;y ylaZmfMurnfjzpfaomaMumifh rysuf
tuf&Sif;? toHxGufay:vmjcif;onf &Dtuf&Sif;yJ/
ruGuf <ua&mufukodkvf,l MunfndKylaZmfEkdif&ef edAÁmeftusdK;arQmfí Ekd;aqmftyf
ygonf/ abmvHk;Oyrm
ESpfywfvnf pnf;a0;yGJ
abmvHk;av;udk ajcaxmufeJU uefvdkufwJhtcg uefvdkufwJh
wdo&Pausmif;wdkuf Trustee tzGJU\ ESpfywfvnf tpnf;ta0;ESifh tjcif;t&mudk Action (tuf&Sif;)? abmvHk;av;[m a&GUoGm;NyD;awmhç
tzGJUopf a&G;cs,fa&;udk ZGefv(12)&uf we*FaEGaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpfaom ajy;xGufoGm;NyD;awmh eH&HudkoGm;xdw,f? 'gudk Reaction (&Dtuf&Sif;)
aMumifh ausmif;wdkuf\ wdk;wufaMumif; tMuHÓPfaumif;rsm; ay;vQuf aqG;aEG; vdkUac:w,f? wpfcgeH&Hudk oGm;rSefjcif;onf tuf&Sif;? eH&Hudk rSefvdkufwJh
wdkifyif a&G;aumufwifajr§mufMuvQuf rysufruGuf <ua&mufMuyg&ef today; twGufaMumihf abmvHk;av;[m t&SdefeJU jyefNyD;awmh vdrfhvmw,f? 'g[m
tyfygonf/ tu,fí Trustee tzGJUwGif wuf<upGm omoemjyKudpörsm; Reaction (&Dtuf&Sif;)yJ? tuf&Sif;eJU &Dtuf&Sif; ESpfck[m ajymif;vGJ azmuf
aqmif&GufEkdif&eftwGuf ta&G;cs,fcHvdkygu acwåem,uq&mawmf OK;Zeu jyefoGm;wJh tpOfav;awGxJrSm tNrJwrf;&Sdaew,f? tJ'D tuf&Sif;eJU
xHodkY (3-6-2011)aemufqHk;xm;vQuf w,fvDzkef;jzifhjzpfap? pmwdkufrS jzpfap &Dtuf&Sif; tNrJwrf; &SdaewJhOpömudk a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvfu olUpdwfudk Edkifatmif
pm&if;ay;oGif; EkdifMuygonf/ zrf;NyD;aewJhtcsdefrSm olUpdwftpOf[m owdç orm"d w&m;wdkYu wnfNidrf
ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;ylaZmfyGJ ESifh 0gqdkouFef;uyfvSLyGJ NyD;aewJhtwGufaMumihf a,m*D&JUpdwf[m jzLpifNyD;aew,f/
ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD; (14)ESpfajrmufylaZmfyGJ ESifh 0gqdkouFef;qufuyf pdwfqdkwJh oabmw&m;
vSL'gef;yGJudk Zlvdkifv(10)&uf we*FaEGaeYwGif Chiswick Town Hall ü usif;y pdwfqdkwJh oabmw&m; jzpfay:vm&if olwpfckwnf; rjzpfbl;?
rnfjzpf&m ESpfwdkif;uJhodkY rysufruGuf <ua&mufvQuf edA'¨ xm0& ukodkvf jzpfonfh oleJUwGJ NyD;awmhjzpfwJh tazmfw&m;awG&Sdw,f? 'Dtazmfw&m;awGudk pdwfeJU
0gqdkouFef;vSL'gef;jcif; ukodkvfxl;udk Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemESifh awGU&cdkufrSm &,lEkdif ywfoufNyD; jzpfwJh ypönf;0w¬Krsm;vdkUac:w,f? pdwfudkNcH&HaewJh owdonf
&ef edAÁmeftusdK;arQmfí Ekd;aqmftyfygonf/ rSwfodaewJh pdwf&JU tNcHt&H? olUudk apwodufvdkUac:w,f? Nidrfouf
oDwif;uRwf yGJawmf wnfMunfaewJh orm"dudk {u*¾wmvdkUac:w,f? NyD;awmh um,v[kwmç
jrefrmh½dk;&m tpOftvmrysuf oDwif;uRwf qGrf;awmfBuD;wifvSLyGJawmfudk pdwåv[kwmç um,rk'kwmç pdwårk'kwmç um,ur®nwmç pdwåur®nwm
vdkUac:wJh apwodufawG jzpfvmw,f? a,m*D[mur®|mef; tm&HkxJrSm
atmufwdkbmv(10^11^12)&ufwdkYwGif wm0wðomewfjynfrS r,fawmfjzpfcJh
pdwfpdkufNyD;aewJhtwGufaMumihf pdwf"mwfawG[m owdçorm"d&JU t&Sdeft0g
aomewfom;udk aus;Zl;qyf w&m;a[mawmfrlNyD; jyef<uvmaombk&m;&Sifudk
wdkUaMumihf tifrwefcdkifrmwJh owdåawG &Sdvmw,f? ayghyg;aysmhaysmif;
ylaZmfonfhtaejzifh rD;xGef;ylaZmfyGJudkvnf;aumif; wdo&Pausmif;wdkufü wJhtjyif pdwf"mwfawG[m owdç orm"d&JU t&Sdeft0gwdkYaMumihf tifrwef
qufvufusif;yrnfjzpfygaomaMumifh <ua&mufukodkvf,lEkdifMu&ef zdwfMum; cdkifrmwJh owdåawG&Sdvmw,f? ]ayghç aysmhç cdkif}qdkwJh 'Dvu©PmoHk;&yf[m
tyfygonf/ pdwfxJrSm0ifaew,f? tJ'Dpdwfuav;&JU 'Dvu©Pm oabmw&m;[muHyJ?
w&m;tm;xkwfaewJhtcg a,m*D&JUpdwfxJrSm 'D oabmw&m;awGu 0ifNyD;
38 3
aew,f? 'DjzLpifwJhpdwfeJU jzLpifwJh apwodufawG wGJaygif;NyD;jzpfaewJh twlwuG ESpfOD;ukodkvfxl;udk qnf;yl;cJhMu ygonf/
oabmw&m;udk ukodkvfuHvdkU ac:ygw,f? tJ'DukodkvfuH[m ckeuajym &[ef;b0 'kv’b ukodkvfr*Fvm
ovdk tuf&Sif;awGjzpfwJhtwGufaMumihf &Dtuf&Sif;qdkwJh pdwfcsrf;omjcif;ç
udk,fcsrf;omjcif;udk jzpfapygw,f? ur®|mef;xdkifwJh yk*d¾Kvf[m pdwfMunf trsdK;aumif;om;rsm;jzpfMuonfh OD;jr[efonf {NyDv(14)&ufaeYwGif 4if; ?
vifw,f? avmbuif;w,f? BuHpnforQ tBuHtpnfawG atmifjrif a'gufwmnDnDonf {NyDv(21)&ufaeYwGif4if;? udk0if;EkdifOD;onf {NyDv(22)
ygw,f? 'gawG[m &Dtuf&Sif;awGyJ? 'Dawmh uHudk wpfjcm;rSm oGm;NyD; &ufaeYwGif4if; jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;tjzpfudk cH,lvQuf rdrdwdkY\ tm;vyf&ufudk
&SmraeeJU? uHqdkwm 'DtxJrSmyJ &Sdw,f/ tusdK;&Sd&SdtoHk;csaomtm;jzifh aeu©r®yg&rDukodkvfxl;wdkYudk &,lqnf;yl;cJhygonf/
onfawmh udk,fvkyfaewJhç rSwfaewJh oabmw&m;[m 'D&kyfç pdwfç Easter Holiday (4)&ufw&m;pcrf;yGJ
emrf"mwfwdkU&JU azmufjyefysufpD;wwfwJh vu©Pm tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåudk
½IrSwfaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm tuf&Sif;awGjzpfaeovdk &Dtuf&Sif;awG[mvJ 2011-ck {NyDv(22)&ufrS (25)&ufwkdifatmif (4)&ufEasterw&m;pcrf;
uyfíuyfí jzpfaeygw,f? 'ghaMumihf Ak'¨jrwfpGmua[mawmfrlwJh uHw&m; yGJwGif q&mawmf OK;y@dwmbd0Ho OD;aqmifaom ausmif;&Sdq&mawmfrsm;u
awG[m 'DrSm txl;vkyfaep&m rvdkygbl;? udk,fvkyfaewJh tvkyfxJrSm 0dyóem owdy|meftvkyfay;w&m;udk oifMum;jyoay;cJh&m w&m;cspfcifMu
wpfcgwnf; ygoGm;w,f? tu,fí vlwpfa,mufonf 'Dvdk ukodkvf aom a,m*D olawmfpif pkpkaygif;(20)OD;cefY Easter Holiday wGif owdy|mef
aumif;rItp&SdwJh vkyfief;rsKd;udk rvkyfbJeJU olwpfyg;&JU ypönf;udk rawmf "r®jzifh rdrdwdkY\b0udk tusdK;&Sd&Sd t"dyÜg,fjynhf0pGm toHk;cscJhMuygonf/ qufvufí
rw&m; cdk;csif0SufcsifwJhpdwfeJU cdk;w,fç 0Sufw,fç vk,ufw,f ponf Mo*kwfv (20)&ufrS (29)&uftxd jyKvkyfrnfh aEG&moD w&m;pcrf;wGifvnf;
jzpfr,fqdk&if 'Dpdwf[m b,fvdkpdwfrsKd;vJ? jzLpifwJh pdwfrsKd; r[kwfbl;? vma&muf bm0em yGm;rsm;EkdifMuaMumif; today; Ekd;aqmf tyfygonf/
npfax;wJhpdwfyJ? vdr®mwJhpdwfrsKd;r[kwfbl;? aumif;wJhpdwfrsKd;r[kwfbl;? uav;oli,f Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rIESifhjrefrmpmoifwef;
vSywJhpdwfrsKd; r[kwfbl;? rnf;npfaew,f? oleJUwGJaewJh apwodufawG
udk MunfhvdkufOD;? vdkcsifwyfrufwwfwJh avmbç a'goç arm[ponfyJ? (5)ESpfESifhtxufuav;oli,frsm;tm; Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh jrefrmpm
tJ'D apwodufawG[m tarSmifudkjyKwwfw,f? rnf;npfatmif jyKwwf oifwef;udk wdo&Pausmif;wdkufwGif tywfpOf paeaeYESifh we*FaEGaeYwdkif;
w,f? tvif;a&mifudk vHk;vHk;r&atmif ydwfqdkUwwfw,f/ aeYvnf(1)em&DrS (3)em&Dtxd oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeygojzihf rdrdwdkY\ uav;rsm;tm;
bmomç pmay ,Ofaus;rI raysmufrysuf&atmif taumif;qHk; tarGtESpfay;vdk
uHESihf a&aomufjrpf Muaom rdbrsm;tm; today;tyfygonf/
tJ'DpdwfeJU apwodufawG&JU jzpfay:rI[m raumif;aom tuf&Sif;awG qGrf;pm;ausmif; tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; zdwfac: jcif;
jzpfaeovdk olUaemufu raumif;aom &Dtuf&Sif;awGuvJ tNrJwrf; ]0d[m&'geH oHCó? t*¾H Aka'¨e 0PÖdwH}[laom bk&m;&Sif\pum;awmft&
jzpfaeygw,f? touft&G,f pdwfaepdwfxm;[m MunfvifrIç oefU&Sif;rI oHCduausmif;tvSLonf tvHk;pHkudk vSL&ma&mufonfh vGefuJBuD;jrwfonfh
r&Sdbl;? r&SdwJh twGif;pdwfaMumihf tJ'Dyk*d¾Kvf&JU tjyiftaetxm;[m tvSLjzpfonfhtm;avQmfpGm (357)ausmif;aqmifaemufzufwGif rMumrD aqmuf
aumif;wJUtusKd;udk &vdrfhr,fr[kwfbl;? pdwfcsrf;omjcif;ç udk,fcsrf;om vkyfawmhrnfh qGrf;pm;ausmif;aqmiftwGuf enf;rsm;rqdk edAÁmefudk &nfpdwfoefí
jcif; r&bJeJU pdwfqif;&Jjcif;ç udk,fqif;&Jjcif;awG ,ckb0rSmvJ {uefrkcs rdrdwdkYpGrf;Ekdifoavmuf vufrvGwf pwrff; apwemoHk;wef jyXmef;vQuf vSL'gef;
&r,f? aemifb0awGrSmvJ &rSmyJ? 'g[m Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif a[mawmfrlwJh uHyg EkdfifMuygNyD olawmfaumif;wdkY -----
yJ? aumif;wJhuHç raumif;wJhuHawGygyJ? opfyifwpfyifrSm a&aomufjrpf&Sd
4 37
uyÜd,um&utzGJU tpD&ifcHpm ygw,f? a&aomufjrpf cdkifvdkU&Sd&ifjzihf yifpnfawGç tudkif;tcufawGç
tzl;tyGihfawG a0a0qmqmeJU zl;yGihfvmvdrfhr,f/
paeaeYwdkif; tywfpOf w&m;yGJ tJ'Dvdk jzpfvmwJhtcgrSm tJ'DtyifuaeNyD; csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfwJh
wdo&Pausmif;wdkuf\ tywfpOf paeaeYwdkif; w&m;yGJrsm;udk nae(7) toD;awG oD;vmvdrfhr,f? yif&if;taMumif;rsKd;aphwpfckwnf;eJU csKdNrdef
em&DrS (9)em&Dtxd usif;y&mwGif oDvcH,ljcif;? "r®pMumç tewåvu©Pokwfç aumif;jrwfwJh toD;awG jzpfay:rvmEdkifbl;? rsKd;aphuaeNyD;awmh tyifudk
y|mef;w&m;awmfrsm; &GwfzwfylaZmfjcif;? owdy|mefw&m;yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfjcif;? jzpfapw,f? tyifuaeNyD; tudkif;tcufawGudkjzpfapw,f? tudkif;tcuf
ausmif;wkduf&Sdq&mawmfrsm; w&m;"r®rsm;udk tvSnfhus a[mMum;ay;jcif;rsm;udk uaeNyD; t&GuftvufawGeJY tzl;tyGihfawGudk jzpfapw,f? zl;yGihfNyD;wJh
tjrJwrf; edA'¨ taetm;jzifh jyKvkyfvQuf&SdaMumif; w&m;vdkvm; "r®rdwfaqG tcgusawmhrS toD;jzpf&ygw,f? taMumif;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmjzpfNyD;rS
trsm;tm; odaptyfyg onf/ tusKd;&ygw,f? 'gudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]oaAÁ "r®m tewåm}} vdkU a[m
awmfrlw,f/
pkaygif;bk&m;0wfjyKjcif; aqmif;Oyrm
ausmif;wkduf&Sd oHCmawmfrsm;onf aeYpOf eHeuf(5)em&DrS (6)em&Dtxd¤if;?
nae(&)em&DrS (8)em&Dtxd¤if; wpfaeYvQif(2)Budrf bk&m;0wfjyK? y&dwfç "r®pMumç 'gawG[m twåac:wJh jyKjyifwwfaomyk*d¾Kvf&JU MoZmtmPmtvdkuf
tewåvu©Pokwfç y|mef;ypö,eda'´ow&m;awmfrsm; &GwfzwfylaZmfjcif;? O'gef; jzpfwmr[kwfbJç wpfpHkwpfckaom (at;*sihf&JU) oabmw&m;t& jzpfwm
ygVdawmfjzifh bk&m;taeuZmwifjcif;? r[mowdy|meokwfudk &GwfzwfylaZmfjcif;? r[kwfbJeJU taMumif;uaeNyD; aqmif&GufvdkufvdkU tusKd;w&m;awG jzpfae
t&yf(10)rsufESm arwåmbm0emyGm;rsm;jcif;? owdy|mef 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwf w,f? taMumif;w&m;awG ESpfpkaygif;ç oHk;pkaygif;ç ig;pkaygif; aygif;vm
jcif;? ukodkvftpkpkudk (31)bHkom;wdkYtm; trQay;a0jcif; paom y#dywåd ukodkvf wJhtwGufaMumihf tusKd;w&m;awG jzpfay:aew,f? apmif;OyrmeJU Ak'¨
xl;rsm;udk aeYpOfqnf;yl;tm;xkwfvQuf&Sd&m pdwfyg0ifpm;ol yg&rD&Sif ukokdvf&Sifrsm; bk&m;&Sifu ñTefjy awmfrlygw,f? apmif;uav; wD;csifwJhtcg apmif;
taejzifh oHo&maemifa&; arQmfacgifawG;NyD; twlwuG ukodkvf &,lEkdifMuygonf/ uav;udk &ifrSmydkufNyD;awmh BuKd;awGudk ravsmhrwif; nd§vdkufw,f?
nd§NyD;awmh vufcufuav;eJU? odkUwnf;r[kwf &dk;&dk;vufeJYyJ 'Dapmif;BuKd;
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY odem;vnfoifhaom ygVda0g[m&oifwef; awGudk wD;vdkufw,f? wD;vdkufwJhtcgusawmh apmif;oHu om,myDo
2011-ck rwfv(6)&ufaeYrSpí tywfpOf we*FaEGaeYwdkif; (5)ywfwdwd MunfjrwJh *DwoHav;ay:vmw,f? a'gifa'gif 'if'ifeJU apmif;oH ay:vm
q&mawmfOK;y@dwmbd0Ho u Handout pm&Gufrsm;a0iSí ydkYcsoifMum; ay;cJh&m w,f/
oifwef;om;^ol pkpkaygif; (30)cefY pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm wufa&mufcJhMu ygonf/ 'DtoHawGudk b,fwkef;u apmif;q&m[m apmif;xJrSm xnhfxm;
ovJ? BuKd;xJrSmxnfhxm;ovm;? apmif;xJrSmyJxnhfxm;ovm;? vufcwf
jrefrmESpfopful; toHrpJy|mef;yGJ ESifh jrefrmESpfOD; pkaygif;qGrf;tvSL xJrSm xnhfxm;ovm;? b,fwkef;urS rxnfhbl;? b,fwkef;urSvJ r&SdcJh
{NyDv(15? 16? 17)&uf oHk;&ufwkdifwdkif toHrpJ aeYnrjywf r[my|mef; bl;? odkUaomfvnf; apmif;BuKd;&,fç apmif;BuKd;wef;NyD;awmhaeatmif
&GwfzwfylaZmfyGJudk jrefrmESpfopfudk BudKqdkonfhtaejzifh yifhoHCmrsm;tygt0if csnfaESmifp&mjzpfwJh apmif;aumufcGuf&,fç NyD;awmh vufcwfuav;&,fç
oHCmawmf(9)yg;u &GwfzwfylaZmfcJhMuNyD; 'umç'umrtaygif; olawmfaumif; toHudk vdIifNyD;xvmatmif zefwD;xm;wJh apmif;xJrSm&SdwJh vdIif;oHav;
wdkYu em,lMunfndK vSL'gef;ylaZmfjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? y|mef;yGJaemufqHk;&ufjzpf &,fç apmif;wD;wJhyk*d¾Kvf (ig apmif;wD;r,fqdkwJh ya,m*0dnmOf) pdwf
onfh(17)&ufaeYwGif jrefrmESpfOD; pkaygif;qGrf;qufuyfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; uav;&,f - tJ'DtaMumif;awG aygif;qHkvdkufwJhtcgusrS a'gifa'gif
36 5
'if'ifeJU 'DtoHawGay:vmNyD;awmh apmif;q&m uRrf;usifrItm;avsmfpGm
yDoMunfjrwJh *DwoHav;awG xGufay:vm&ygw,f/
twå r&Sd? emrfESihf &kyfom&Sd
ckeuajymwJh ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkifw,f} qdkwm olajymcsifwmu
rdrd&JU oEÅmefav;rSm (twå)&Sdw,f? (twå)[m cHpm;wwfw,f? a&G;cs,f
wwfwm olua&G;cs,fw,f? odwmu oluodwm? a[m'gav;[mcsKd
w,f? 'gav;[m csOfw,f? csOfwm igrBudKufbl;? csKdwm BuKdufw,f? tJ'D
[mu csKdvGef;tm;BuD;w,f? ig 'gudk rBuKdufbl;? tcsOfuav; ig,lr,f?
tJ'Dvdk odNyD;awmhç cGJjcm;NyD;awmh a&G;aumufwwfwm twåvdkUac:w,f?
twåav;[m a&G;cs,fw,f? 'gaMumihfrdkYvdkY ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkif
w,f}qdkwm &SdEdkifw,fvdkY olwdkYu,lqw,f? bkef;BuD;wdkU Ak'¨jrwfpGm&JU
oabmt& ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkifw,f} qdkwm r&Sdbl;? cHpm;wwfwJh
twåvJr&Sdbl;? twGif;rSm odwwfwJh twåvJr&Sdbl;? odwwfwmu emrf
w&m;av;yJ? cHpm;wwfwmu a0'emav;yJ? rSwfom;wwfwmu onm
vdkYac:w,f? tJ'D emrfw&m;awG&JU tcs,ftvS,fcHNyD;awmh ][JU a&SUoGm;
vdkufygOD;}qdk&if emrfw&m;awGu cdkif;vdkufwdkif; &kyfw&m;u ajcvSrf;eJU
wpfvSrf;NyD;wpfvSrf; wdk;oGm;&w,f? tJ'Dvdk 'D&kyfw&m;BuD;u vdkufem&
w,f/ ][JU aemufqkwfvkdufygOD;}vdkU trdefYay;vdkufwJhtcg &kyfw&m;BuD;
u wpfjznf;jznf;aemufudk wpfvSrf;NyD;wpfvSrf; qkwfoGm;&w,f? ]xdkif
vdkufygOD;} qdk&ifvJ xdkYtwl wpfjznf;jznf; xdkifvdkuf&w,f? emrfeJY &kyf
w&m;awG[m tJ'Dvdk jzpfaew,f? emrfw&m; &kyfw&m;awGrSwpfyg; These ten things nourish the ten things that are desirable, liked,
wpfjcm; bmrS tjyifty ya,m* r&Sdbl;? 'gudk tewåvdkU ac:w,f/ / charming and hard to win in the world. What ten? Energy and exer-
tion nourish wealth. Finery and adornment nourish beauty. Doing
ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;\Mo0g' things at the proper time nourishes health. Friendship with the
beautiful nourishes virtue. Restraint of the senses nourishes the holy
'umç 'umrawGudk bkef;BuD; av;av;eufeuf arwåm a&SUxm;
life. Not quarrelling nourishes friendship. Repetition nourishes great
NyD;awmh wdkufwGef; EId;aqmf owday;csifw,f? bk&m;ppfç bk&m;rSefudk
knowledge. Lending an ear and asking questions nourishes wis-
pdkufpdkufpl;pl; avhvmNyD;awmh udk,fusihfw&m; jzLpifatmif vkyfyg?
dom. Study and examination nourishes the teaching. And living
orm"d&atmif ur®|mef;bm0emrsm;xdkifyg? oDveJU orm"djynhfpHkoGm;
rightly nourishes rebirth in the heaven world.
w,fqdk&if &kyfemrf "r®wdkYtay:rSm xdk;xkd;azmufazmuf odwwfwJh y#da0"
ÓPfqdkwm ra0;vSygbl;/
6 35
C

J jrif;NcH y@dwf
D B tbd"r®mw&m;awmft& aomreó - aysmf&Tif 0rf;ajrmufrIonf
ukodkvfaomreóç tukodkvfaomreó [kESpfyg;&Sd\/ xdkwGif -
(1) ukodkvfaomreó [lonf ukodkvfudpöü 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfjcif;?
ukodkvfudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKjcif;? ukodkvfESifhaysmf&Tifjcif;wnf;/
(2) tukodkvfaomreó [lonf tukodkvfudpöü 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
jzpfjcif;? tukodkvfudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKjcif;? tukodkvfESifhaysmf&Tifjcif;
wnf;/
tukodkvfjyKvG,f
A
xdkESpfrsdK;wGif tukodkvf aomreóonf vGefpGm jzpfvG,f\/
ykxkZOfowå0gwdkY\ oEÅmefü avmbça'go paom udavomtEko,
"mwfrsm; udef;0yfaeaomaMumifh tukodkvfjzpfzdkY&m tukodkvfjyKzdkY&m
vGefpGm tavhtusifh&ae\/ odkYjzpfí tukodkvfudpö umr*kPfudpöwdkYü
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tm;pdkufrIr&SdbJ vG,fvG,fulul 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKEkdif
Mu\/ xrif;pm;&if; pum;ajym&if; yGJMunfh&if; aysmf&TifEkdifMu\/
udk,fBudKufaomtm½HkESifhawGUvQif csufcsif;yif jyHK;&TifEkdifMu\/ xrif;udk
[if;aumif;aumif;eSifh pm;&awmhrnfqdkvQifyif aysmf&TifEkdifMu\/
avmbudpöüomru a'goudpöüvnf; aysmfEkdifao;\/ Oyrm –
om;aumifudk owfjzwfzrf;qD;&ef BudK;pm;aom rkqdk;onf om;aumifudk
jrifvQif 0rf;om\/ zrf;qD; owfjzwfNyD;aomtcg 0rf;om aysmf&Tif\/
tMuifolonf rdrdrkef;aeol (odkYr[kwf) rdrd&efoludk ysufpD;apvdk
owfjzwf ñSOf;qJvdk\? &efolysufpD;onfudk aoonfudk Mum;&vQif
0rf;om\/ xdkol\oEÅmefü rkef;qJ zrf;qD;owfjzwfqJcPwGif a'goç
a'greó jzpfaomfvnf; zrf;qD; owfjzwfEkdifonfhtwGuf &efolao
onfhtcg 0rf;ajrmuf aysmf&Tifjcif;jzpfayonf/ (ygyo®ð &rwd raem =
pdwfonf raumif;rIü arGUavsmf\- "r®y'/)

34 7
ukodkvfaomreó
ukodkvfaomreóum; þrQavmuf tjzpfrjref? jzpfzdkYrvG,fay/
o'¨gç ynmç 0D&d, paom w&m;rsm; xufoefrS jzpfEkdif\/ ukodkvf ေက်ာင္းအလႉ အက်ိဳးမ်ား
aomreó jzpfzdkY&m taMumif;(3)yg;&Sd\/
၁။ ကိန္းေအာင္းေနရန္၊ ခ်မ္းသာရန္၊ အမွန္ျဖစ္ေပသည္။
(1) 0dok'¨'d|dwm- pifMu,faom t,l&Sdjcif;/ ]]pifMu,faomt,l&Sd}}
[lonf rdpäm'd|d rjzpfjcif;? uHESifhuH\ tusdK;udk em;vnfaom ၂။ စ်ာန္ဝင္စားရန္၊ ႐ႈမွတ္ရန္၊ ဧကန္သင့္ေပသည္။
ur®óuwmÓPf&Sdjcif;wnf;/ (ur®óuwmÓPf=uHomvQif udk,fydkif ၃။ ေက်ာင္းလႉသူဟာ၊ လံုးစံုပါ၊ လႉရာေရာက္ေပသည္။
Opöm &Sdonf[k odaomÓPf/) tcsKyfrSm ukodkvfrSef; tukodkvfrSef; od- ၄။ ေန႔ညမျခား၊ ကုသိုလ္မ်ား၊ ျဖစ္ပြားေလေတာ့သည္။
jcif;? &wemoHk;yg;udk &wemrSef; odjcif;wnf;/ ၅။ ေက်ာင္းအလႉရွင္၊ တရားျမင္၊ ခုပင္ၿငိမ္းႏုိင္သည္။
(2) o'¨gA[kvwm- o'¨gw&m;rsm;jcif;? o'¨gw&m; tm;aumif;jcif;?
ukokdvfjyK&mü o'¨g-,HkMunfrI tm;enf;aevQif 'geyJjyKjyK? oDvyJ
aqmufwnfaqmufwnf? bmukodkvfjyKjyK wGefYqkwf ysif;,daewwf\/ မၾကာမီ ေဆာက္လုပ္ေတာ့မည့္ တိသရဏ၏ ဆြမ္းစားေက်ာင္း
bk&m;&Sdcdk;&müyif pdwfrygbJ jzpfaewwf\? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om aysmf&TifrI
rjzpfEkdifay/
(3) tmedoHo 'óm0dwm- rdrdjyKvkyfaom tvkyf\tusdK;udk jrifjcif;
(tbd? |? 1? 117)/ avmuü tusdK;r&Sdaomtvkyfudk rnfolrQ
rvkyfcsifMu? tusdK;&SdrS jyKvkyfcsifMu\/ ukodkvfonf uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk
em;vnfoltwGuf vGefpGmtusdK;&SdaMumif; odEkdif\/ avmuü csrf;om
rSeforQ ukodkvfrygbJ rjzpfEkdif? ukodkvfonf csrf;omtm;vHk;\taMumif;
jzpf\/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmu ]]rm bdu©a0 yknmeH bm,dw¬ - &[ef;wdkY
ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYudk raMumufMuESifh/ ukodkvfaumif;rIjyK&rSm raMumuf
MuESifh/ okcaówH t"d0peH ,'d'H yknmed – - ykn aumif;rI[lonf okc
csrf;om\ emrnfjzpf\}}[k rdefYawmfrlonf/ (tH? 2? 465? arwåokwå/)
]]ukodkvftusdK;udk od}}[l&mü qGrf;tusdK;(5)yg;? a&tusdK;(10)
yg;ponfjzifh tjynfhtpHk odzdkYrvdkay/ ]],ck vkyfrnfhtvkyfonf (0g)
vkyfaeaomtvkyfonf a&S;a&S;bk&m;paom olawmfaumif;wdkYvkyfonfh
tvkyfjzpf\/ a&S;a&S; olawmfaumif;wdkYonf 'geç oDvpaom aumif;rI
rsm;udk jyKvkyfí yg&rDjynhfaomtcg r*fzdkvf edAÁmef w&m;xl;&vQuf
t&d,mjzpfNyD; oHo&mrS uRwfvGwfawmfrloGm;Muayonf/ igonfvnf;
þ'geç oDv paomaumif;rIrsm;udk jyKvQif yg&rDjynfhaomtcg r*fzdkvf
edAÁmefw&m;xl;&vQuf t&d,mjzpfNyD; oHo&mrS {uefuRwfvGwf ayvdrfh
rnf}}[k odvQif vHkavmufayNyD/
8 33
v,fwDq&mawmf\rdefYqdkcsuf
ukodkvfaomreóESifhywfoufí v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\pum;udk
ဝမ္းေျမာက္ဖြယ္ ကုသိုလ္သတင္းေကာင္း
wpfqifh rSwfom;zl;onfrSm q&mawmfBuD;u w&m;a[mpOf y&dowftm;
]]rif;wdkY bk&m;qGrf;awmfuyfaomtcg rdrd\ om;orD; ZeD;viftm; xrif;
ကုသိုလ္ရွင္မ်ား သိရွိထားႏွင့္ၿပီးျဖစ္သည့္အတိုင္း တိသရဏေက်ာင္းေတာ္၏ auR;&oavmuf 0rf;rombl;? bk&m;qGrf;awmfuyfaomtcg tJoavmuf
ဘုရားေက်ာင္းေဆာင္ကို လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ႏွစ္က ျပဳျပင္မြမ္းမံအသစ္ေဆာက္လုပ္ၿပီးစီးခဲ့ရာ 0rf;omvQif rif;wdkY edAÁmefESifheD;NyD}}[k rdefYawmfrlygowJh/ q&mawmf\
ယခုအခါတြင္ ဘုရားဝတ္တက္ျခင္း၊ တရားနာျခင္းစေသာ ကုသိုလ္ေကာင္းမႈမ်ားကို က်ယ္ျပန္႔
qdkvdk&if;rSm ukodkvfudk rysif;r&d ,Hk,HkMunfMunf xufxufoefoef
ခ်မ္းသာစြာျပဳလုပ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ႏုိင္ၾကေသာ္လည္း ရဟန္းခံျခင္း၊ ရွင္ျပဳျခင္းစေသာ အလႉ
aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufpGm jyKwwfzdkY ta&;BuD;\? xdkokdY jyKwwfolonf {uef
မဂၤလာျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း၊ ေမြးေန႔ဆြမ္းကပ္ျခင္း၊ လက္ထပ္မဂၤလာဆြမ္းေကၽြးျခင္းစေသာ ကုသိုလ္ပြဲ
edAÁmefESifh eD;ayNyD/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om apwemxufoefpGmjzifh yg&rD
မ်ားအတြက္မူ ေနရာအေနအထားသည္ က်ဥ္းေျမာင္းေနေသးျခင္း၊ ဘုရားဆင္းတုေတာ္
aumif;rI jyKEkdifMuygap/ /
မ်ား ေရွ႕တြင္ျပဳလုပ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနရ၍ အဂါရဝျဖစ္ေနျခင္းစေသာ အေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္
(၃၅၇)ေက်ာင္းေဆာင္၏ အေနာက္ဖက္တြင္ ယခုလို တိသရဏဆြမ္းစားေက်ာင္းေဆာင္သစ္
တစ္ခုကို ေဆာက္လုပ္ရန္ စီစဥ္ရျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
ဤသို႔ေဆာက္လုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ တစ္ခ်က္ခုတ္ ႏွစ္ခ်က္ျပတ္ ဆိုသလို တစ္ႏွစ္လွ်င္ ]]tdkemaoa&; 'ku©ab;}}
သံုးႀကိမ္ျပဳလုပ္ေနေသာ တရားစခမ္းမ်ားတြင္ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေယာဂီ သူေတာ္စင္တို႔အတြက္ မနာမီက၊ တရားက်၊ ေန႔ည မေမ့ရာ။
က်ယ္ဝန္းစြာ တရားထိုင္ျခင္း၊ စၾကႍေလွ်ာက္ျခင္းစေသာ ဝိပႆနာကုသိုလ္တရားမ်ားလည္း
မအိုမီက၊ တရားက်၊ ေန႔ည မေမ့ရာ။
တိုးပြားရယူလာႏုိင္မည့္ အက်ိဳးကိုပါ ရရွိလာမည္ျဖစ္သလို အပတ္စဥ္ စေန/တနဂၤေႏြေန႔တိုင္း
သင္ၾကားေပးေသာ ကေလးမ်ားအတြက္ အေျခခံဗုဒၶဘာသာ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ သင္တန္းကိုလည္း မေသမီက၊ တရားက်၊ ေန႔ည မေမ့ရာ။
က်ယ္ဝန္းစြာ ျပဳလုပ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ႏုိင္မည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
အမႈကိစၥ၊ ေပါမ်ားလွ၊ ဘဝလူတို႔ရြာ။
သို႔ျဖစ္ပါေသာေၾကာင့္ "ဝိဟာရဒါနံ သံဃႆ၊ အဂၢံ ဗုေဒၶန ဝဏၰိတံ" ဟူေသာ
ေန႔မွာမအား၊ ညမအား၊ တရားလက္လြတ္ကြာ။
ဘုရားရွင္၏ စကားေတာ္အရ သံဃိကေက်ာင္းအလႉသည္ အလံုးစံုကို လႉဒါန္းရာေရာက္သည့္
လြန္ကဲႀကီးျမတ္ေသာ နိဗဒၶကုသိုလ္အလႉျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ကုသိုလ္ရွင္မ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ဝိသာခါ၊ ကိစၥၾကားတြင္၊ ႐ႈဆင္ျခင္၊ သိျမင္ဉာဏ္ပညာ။

အနာထပိဏ္တို႔ကဲ့သို႔ အလႉေရစက္လက္နဲ႔မကြာ သဒၶါတတ္အား နည္းမ်ားမဆို ကုသိုလ္ သံေဝစိတ္ဓာတ္၊ စြဲယူမွတ္၊ ေျဖာင့္မတ္ေစၾကပါ။


ပါဝင္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း နိဗၺာန္အက်ိဳးေမွ်ာ္၍ ႏိႈးေဆာ္အသိေပးအပ္ပါသည္။ ျမဴးရႊင္ေပ်ာ္ပါး၊ တဟားဟား၊ လမ္းမွားသတိကြာ။

ေနာင္တပူပန္၊ မရွိရန္၊ နည္းမွန္တရားသာ။

W V
နိဗၺာန္ေရာက္မွ၊ ေအးသည္ပ၊ မုခ်ဓမၼတာ။

(ေရႊက်င္သာသနာပိုင္ စံကင္းဆရာေတာ္ႀကီး)

32 9
jyK\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;av;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;

Y ar,cjznk
wpfcgawmh bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwf om0w¦dNrdKU aZw0efausmif;
wnf;/
(8) tMuifolonf rdef;rMuL;ç aoaomufMuL;ç avmif;upm;MuL;onf
jzpfí &wdkif;&wdkif;aom Opömudk zsufqD;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;
awmf0,f bdu©K bdu©KeD Oygoum Oygodumr[laom y&dowfav;yg; oHk;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/
tm; £wd0kwfygVdawmf yOöykAÁedrdwåokwfawmfudk tajccHí &[ef;wdkU (9) tMuifolonf rdrdr,m;jzifh ra&mifh&JbJ jynfhwefqmrwdkYü jypfrSm;
ewfrsm; pkawcgeD;aomtcg taygif;toif;ewfrsm;u 0dkif;NyD; owday;Mu \? olwpfyg;r,m;wdkYü jypfrSm;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;ESpfrsKd;onf
w,fponfjzifh a[mawmfrlygonf? ewfrsm; pkawcgeD;aomtcg edrdwf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/
(5)rsdK;xifvmygw,f? ]]0wfnpf yef;nSdK;? acR;qdk; ,dk½Sm? rvStqif; (10) t&G,fvGefNyD;aom a,mufsm;onf wnfoD;ozG,f i,faom
aecif;rom? yOö edrdwf t&dyfay:vm? ewfpkawh jzpfavh"r®wm}} [laom om;jrwf&Sdaom rdef;ri,fudk odrf;jref; aqmif,l tdrfoljyKvkyf\?
vuFmtwdkif;---(1) 0wfnpf=0w¦med udvdóEÅd-ewf0wf wefqm xdkrdef;ri,ftm; a,mufsm;wpfyg;twGuf pdwfrcs&aomaMumifh
'Gg&,mrsm; npfEGrf;vmjcif;? ewfom; ewforD;rsm; 0wfqifxm;aom rtdyfEdkif? xdkrtdyfEdkifjcif;onf ysufpD;jcif;\taMumif;wnf;/
t0wfwefqm 'Gg&,mrsm;onf &moDOwk tyltat;aMumifh jrLrIH zHkwdkUjzifh (11) tMuifolonf ig;çtrJpaom tpm;tpmwdkYü rufarmaom oabm
t0wfrsm; acR;pdkum avQmf&zGyf&vkyfp&mrvdkyJ vlUjynfrSmvdk npfywfjcif; &Sdaom? Opömudk pnf;urf;rJh z½dkz&J jyKwwfaom rdef;rudkaomf
a[mif;EGrf;jcif;r½dSyg? ewfjynfrSm uH\t½dSeft[kefowådaMumifh tjrJwrf; vnf;aumif; xdkodkYoabm&Sdaom a,mufsm;udkaomfvnf;aumif;
awmufyjzLpif MunfvifvdkU aeygw,f? toufwrf;ukefvdkUyJjzpfjzpf tdrfaxmifxdef; t&müxm;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;onf ysufpD;
uHpGrf;ukefvdkUyJjzpfjzpf pkawcgeD;aomtcg cE¨mudk,frSm 0wfqifxm;aom qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/
t0wfwefqmrsm; npfEGrf;vmygonf/ (2) yefndSK;=rmvm rdvm,EdÅ= (12) tMuifolonf Opömenf;í pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYü wyfrufrI BuD;rm;\?
cE¨mudk,frSm wefqmqiftvSjyifxm;aom yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;vmjcif;? vljynf rif;rsKd;üvnf; jzpf\? xdkolonfum; rif;tjzpfudk awmifhw\?
rS yef;awGuawmh &moDOwk'gPfaMumifh odwfMumMumrcHyJ ndSK;EGrf; xdkol\ xdktaMumif;onfysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/
ajcmufaoGYoGm;ovdk ewfjynf½dS ewfom; ewforD;wdkU\ cE¨mudk,fü avmuü jzLpif aumif;jrwfí ÓPftjrifESifhjynfhpHkaom ynm&Sd
wefqmqifxm;aom yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;onf[lí r½dSyg? pkawcgeD;tcgwGif onf þysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif;wdkYudk aumif;pGm Munfh½I qifjcifí
yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;vm&ygonf? (3) acR;qdk;,dk½Sm= uapä[d ao'g rkpöEÅd= a&Smif&Sm;EdkifaomaMumifh csrf;ajrUat;jraom ewfjynfavmuodkY csOf;uyf&
csdKif;Mum;rS acR;rsm; ,dkxGufvmjcif;/ ewfjynfonf vlUjynfrSmuJhodkU \[k rdefYawmfrl\/
ylvGef;at;vGef; onf[lí r½dSyJ aevrsm;uvnf; jrifhrdk&fawmif cg;yef;u odkYjzpfaomaMumifh Ak'¨&Sifawmfbk&m;\ þpum;awmfudk em,l
vSnfhywfoGm; vmaewmaMumifh &moDOwk nDnGwfrQwum acR;xGufjcif; rSwfom; vdkufemusifhMuHMuvQuf rdrdoEÅmefü trSm;enf;EkdiforQ enf;yg;
r½dSyg? pkawcgeD;aomtcgrSmawmh cE¨mudk,frS acR;qdk;rsm; xGufvmyg apum ]]ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUpGyfpGJEdkifrnfh tvkyfrsm;udk pdk;pOf;tenf;i,frQ
onf/ (4)rvS tqif;= uma, 'kAÁPÖd,H Mouúrwd=½kyftqif; azgufjyef rjyKusifh&m}}[laom arwåokwfvm pnf;urf;enf;vrf;twkdif; usihfoHk;Ekdif
vmjcif;? ewfom;ewforD;rsm;onf uHt[kefaMumifh ewforD;rsm;u 16- Muojzifh ]]trSm;qifjcif ÓPfjzihfjyif}}EkdifMuí vlçewfçedAÁmefoHk;wefaom
ESpf t½G,favmuf ewfom;rsm;u ESpf(20)t&G,favmuf pjzpfNyD; cg;udkif; csrf;omudk &&SdcHpm; pHpm;EkdifMuygap[k arwåmjzifh yw¬ematmifqk jyKvdkuf
oGm;aMuG tom;ta& wGefUvdyfjcif;r½dSyJ pkawaomtcgwGifvnf; 16-ESpf &ygownf;/ /
10 31
olaX;\ t&Hjzpfaom aZw0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\? xdktcg t½G,ftwdkif;yif jzpf&ayonf? xif½Sm;aom tdkjcif;rsdK; r½dSayrJh rxif½Sm;
ewfom;wpfa,mufonf nOfhOD;,H vGefNyD;aom oef;acgif,Htcgü tvGef aom Oyg'f XD bifoabm tdkjcif;rsdK;um;½dSygonf? pkawcgeD;tcgüum;
ESpfvdkzG,faumif;aom tqif;&Sdonfjzpfí aZw0efwpfausmif;vHk;udk cE¨mü ta&mift0gñId;rSefí ½kyftqif; azmufjyefvmygonf/ xkdodkY ewf
xGef;vif;apvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;udk om; ewforD;wdkU\ ½kyftqif;rsm; azgufjyefvmjcif;udkMunfhí rMumcif
&Sdcdk;um wpfckaomae&mü &yfwnfNyD;aomf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;um; pkaw&rnf[kod&ygonf? (5) aecif;rom-a'a0g a'0goae embd&rwd=
tb,fygenf;[k avQmufxm;\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf atmufyg rdrdbHkAdrmefü arGUavQmf aysmfydkuf ESpfcsdKufrIr½dSawmhjcif;? ewfom; ewf
ysufpD;qkwf,kwfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk a[mMum;cJhay orD;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUae&m AdrmefESifh pnf;pdrf&dyfNidrfudk wG,fwm wyfruf
onf/ rcGJEdkif rcGg&uf pGJrufaewwfMuaomfvnf; pkawcgeD;aomtcgwGif Adrmef
(1) BuD;yGg;oludkvnf; od&ef vG,fulvSay\? ysufpD;qkwf,kwfoludk udk NiD;aiGU pdwfysufNyD; aecsifpdwf r½dSawmhyg/
vnf; od&efvG,fulvSay\? w&m;udkvdkvm;awmifhwolonfBuD;yGg; ewfom; ewforD; wpfyg;yg; pkawawmhrnfqdkvQif (1) ewf0wf
&\? w&m;udk rvdkvm; rawmifhw rkef;xm;olonf ysufpD;&\/ wefqm 'Gg&,mrsm; npfEGrf;vmjcif;? (2) cE¨mudk,fwGif tvSjyif wefqm
(2) xdkolonf olawmfr[kwf ol,kwfrmwdkYudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;\? qifxm;aom yef;rsm; nSdK;vmjcif;? (3) csdKif;Mum;rS acR;rsm; ,dkxGuf
olawmfaumif;wdkYudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;rI rjyK? ol,kwfrmwdkY\ w&m;udk vmjcif;? (4) ½kyftqif; azgufjyefvmjcif;? (5) rdrd bHkAdrmefwGif arGUavQmf
ESpfoufjrwfEdk;\? xdkoHk;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;aywnf;/ aysmfydkuf ESpfNcdKufrI r½dSawmhjcif;[laom edrdwf 5-rsdK; jzpfvmNyD; taygif;
(3) tMuifolonf tdyfpufidkufrsOf;avh&Sd\? taygif;tazmfü arGUavsmf toif; ewfrsm;u 0dkif;vQuf oHk;cGef;aom pum;jzifh owday;MuygowJh-
avhç pum;ajymrIü arGUavsmfavh&Sd\? Edk;Mum; x<urIr&Sd ysif;&d\? (1) ok*wd*reH abm *pä=tarmif ewfjynfuae pkawawmhr,f
vsifpGm trsufxGufavh&Sd\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;ig;rsKd;onf qdk&if taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufatmif oGm;yg? (2) ok*wd*reH *EÉm
ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;aywnf;/ okv'¨vmbH vb= taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufNyD;&if taumif;qHk; &wem
(4) tMuifolonf tdkrif;í ypädrt&G,fodkY a&mufNyD;aom trdudk udk&atmif ,lyg? (3) okv'¨vmbH vbdwGme okyÜwd|dawm b0g[d
vnf;aumif;? tzudkvnf;aumif; auR;arG; jyKpkEdkifpGrf;ol jzpfyg =taumif;qHk;&wemudk &,lNyD; aysmufroGm;apyJ jrJjrHpGmqkwfudkifxm;yg
vsuf rauR;arG; rjyKpkay? xdkol\ rauR;arG;rjyKpkjcif;onf ysufpD; vdkU pum;oHk;cGef;jzifh owday;Muygw,f/
qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u y&dowfav;yg;udk w&m;a[maewmqdkawmh &[ef;
(5) tMuifolonf jAm[®Pudkvnf;aumif;? orPudkvnf;aumif;? awmfwpfyg;u avQmufxm;ygw,f? bkef;awmfae0ef; xGef;vif; awmufy
xdkrSwpfyg;aom zkef;awmif; ,mpumudkvnf;aumif; ypönf;av;yg; awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? ewfwdkUrSmMum; oHk;cGef;aompum;wGif---
jzifh zdwfMum;NyD;jzpfvsuf rkom;ajymqdkjcif;jzifhvSnfhywf\? xdkol\ (1) taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufatmifoGm;ygqdkwm tb,fbHkudk qdkvdkyg
xdkvSnfhywfjcif;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/ ovJ? txufewfjynf odkUr[kwf jA[®mhjynfudk qdkvdkwmygvm;bk&m;-[k
(6) tMuifolonf rsm;aom pnf;pdrf&Sdol tojym&Sdol pm;zG,fESifh jynfhpHk avQmufxm;aomtcg cspfom;-taumif;qHk;bHkqdkwm vlUbHkudk ajymwm[k
oljzpfygvsuf aumif;jrwfaom abmZOfwdkYudk wpfa,mufwnf; rdefUawmfrlygonf? ewfjynfa&mufcsifvdkU? ewfjynfrSm wzufig;&meJU
pm;oHk;\? xdkol\xdkpm;oHk;jcif;onfysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/ pHjref;csifvdkU? jA[®mhjynf a&mufcsifvdkU ukodkvf aumif;rIawG jyKaeygvQuf
(7) tMuifolonf trsKd; ]Zmwd}rmef cufxef\? Opöm ]"e}rmefcuf tb,faMumifh vlUbHkudk taumif;qHk;bHk[k ajym&ygovJ? bk&m;jzpfcsifwJh
xef\? tEG,f ]a*gwå}rmefcufxef\? rdrdaqGrsKd;udkvnf; rxDrJhjrif yk*¾dKvf vlUjynfrSm yg&rDjznfh bk&m;jzpf&w,f? yapöuAk'¨g t*¾om0u
30 11
r[mom0uBuD;awGvnf; vlUjynfrSm yg&rDjznfhusifh&wmyg? ewfjynfrSm
tm;vHk;jynfhpHkaewmaMumifh 'geyg&rDjznfhzdkU rvG,fyg? odMum;rif;vnf; pOf;vJ aumufuspfaom iSufrkqdk;onf udk,fudk (opf&Gufponf
vlUjynfqif;NyD; t½Sifr[muóy udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;tm; qGrf;cdk;avmif; jzifh) zHk;vTrf;ouJhodkY rdrd\ tjypfudkrlum; zHk;vTrf;\/
&w,f r[kwfvm;? ewforD;awGu b,fnm wpfzufpDrS wGwfwD; (4) udk,fhtusKd; udk,fhudpöudk olwyg;\ tusKd;rsm;pGmjzifhaomfvnf;
wGwfwmvkyfaewmaMumifh OykofapmifhzdkU rvG,fulovdk ig;yg;tm½Hk umr rqkwf,kwfap&m/ udk,hftusKd;pD;yGg;udk odem;vnfNyD;í udk,fhudpöudk
*kPfawGeJU tjrJvdk jrL;wl; aysmfyg; uckef wD;rIwfaeMuwmaMumifh w&m; om tm;xkwfonf jzpf&m\/
tm;xkwfzdkUvnf; rjzpfEdkif? udk,fhatmufu wd&pämefbHkudk Munfhvdkuf&if þjrwfpGmbk&m;\pum;awmfwdkYt& rdrd\trSm;udk rdrdodjrifEkdif
Edkif&mpm; BuD;Edkifi,fnSif;qJawGyg? aMumifjzpfawmh MuGufawGpm;? Muuf atmif BudK;pm;vQuf jyifqifaeEkdifa&;onf aeYpOfb0 touf&Sifaexdkif
jzpfawmh wDaumifawG ydk;aumifawGpm;? usm;jzpfawmh orif'&,fawG a&;twGuf ta&;ygaom vdkufemp&m b0vrf;ñTefjzpfygay\/ rdrdwdkY\
owfpm;? a>rjzpfawmh zm;awG MuGufawG pm;aewmaMumifh tukodkvfawG aeYpOfb0wGif trIudpörsm;udk aqmif&Guf&mü orÜZOfac:aom todÓPf
rsm;NyD; ukodkvfjyKcGifhr&Muyg? aemuf vlUjynfrSonf ewfjynf jA[®mhjynf w&m;jzifh qifjcifpOf;pm; awG;ac: oHk;oyfvQuf aexdkifaqmif&Gufoifh\/
wufcsifvJ&? atmufpHkcsifvJ tvG,fuav;rdkU b0ya'omBuD; jzpfvdkUae orÜZOfac:aom todÓPfw&m;av;yg;&Sd&mwGif rdrdaqmif&Gufrnfh trIudk
wmrdkU ]]taumif;qHk;bHk}}[k qdkvdkygonf/ omw¬uorÜZOfjzifh tusKd;½Sdovm;ç r½Sdvm;[k OD;pGm pOf;pm;oifh\/
taumif;qHk; &wemudk &atmif,lyg qdkwmu bmudkqdkvdkygovJ tusdK;&SdonfhtrIudpöjzpfygaomfvnf; oyÜg,orÜZOfjzifh avmuç"r®ESpf
bk&m;-[k avQmufxm;aomtcg cspfom;- taumif;qHk; &wemqdkwm XmewdkYü oifhawmf&JUvm;ç rawmfvm;[k pOf;pm;vQuf owdw&m;vufudkif
o'¨gw&m;udk ajymwm[k rdefUawmfrlygonf? rSefygonf? o'¨g[lonf xm;NyD; aqmif&Gufoifhay\/ Oyrmtm;jzifh bk&m;zl;oGm;w,fqkdygpdkY?
bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;ESifh uHç uH\tusdK; þig;rsdK; bk&m;zl;oGm;vQif ukokdvf&jcif; tusKd;aus;Zl;½Sdyg\/ odkYaomf bk&m;pwJh
udk ,HkMunfwmyg? aumif;wmvkyf aumif;usdK;&NyD; raumif;wmvkyfu XmerSm yGJvrf;obifawG ½Sdae&if? oGm;vm0ifxGuf aeMuwJhvlawG tvGef
wefjyef raumif;usdK;awG &vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfjcif;? 'gwGifru orx rsm;jym;pGm½Sdae&ifaygh? tJ'Dvkdqkd&if tm½kHawGjym;NyD; orm"dysufjcif;pwJh
bm0em 0dyóembm0em tm;xkwf&if oHo&mwpfavQmuf ESdyfpufvm oDvç orm"dç ynm tusifhoHk;jzm ysufpD;Ekdifrnfqdkygu roGm;oifhay/
aom udavomawG enf;oGm; usJoGm; yg;oGm; ukefcrf;oGm;vdrfhr,fvdkU tcsKyftm;jzifh 'ku©a&mufol wpfyg;olwdkYtm; ulnDu,fwifonf
vnf; ,HkMunfygw,f? udk,fay: EIwfay:txd a&mufvmaom 0Dwduúr tp&Sdaom xdkxdktaMumif;jycsufwdkYjzifh rdrd\oEÅmefü oDvç orm"dç
udavomudk ig;yg;ç½Spfyg;çudk;yg;pom; oDvw&m;udk xdef;odrf;jcif;jzifh ynmpaom olawmfaumif; Opöm&wemrsm; qkwf,kwfysufpD;aprnfqdkvQif
y,f&ygonf? pdwftpOfwGifxMuGaomif;usef;aeaom y&d,k|meudavom aumif;pGmusufatmif rD;rzkwf&ao;aom tdk;xJodkY qDudk xnhfNyD; odrf;
udk bk&m;tm½HkjyK ykwD;pdwf arwåmydkU orxyGg; orm"dw&m;jzifh y,f& ouJhodkY jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
ovdk cE¨mtpOf pdwftpOfwGif udef;aeNyD; tm½Hkpaom qefUusifbuf þodkYqdkvQif wdk;wufBuD;yGm;vdkolwdkif;twGuf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfjcif;
w&m;rsm;ESifh taMumif;quf aygif;zufrdaomtcgrS ay:aygufvmaom udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk odxm; em;vnfxm;zdkY vdktyfygonf/
tEko,udavomudk ½kyfçemrfwdkU\ tay:ü rjrJ qif;&J tpdk;r&[k odem;vnfNyD;aemuf rjyKrdatmif a&SmifMuOfjcif;ç rSm;aevQifvnf; jyifqif
vu©Pma&; oHk;yg;wif qifjcif½IyGg; 0dyóemynmw&m;jzifh y,f&onf jcif;jzifh wefzdk;&Sdaom b0ydkif&Sifrsm;jzpfvmayrnf/ xdkuJhodkY ysufpD;
[k ,HkMunfaom o'¨gyg? 'gaMumifh o'¨gudk taumif;qHk;&wem [k qdkvdk qkwf,kwfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf
ygonf/ okwåedygwf y&mb0okwfü tao;pdwf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
aysmufysufroGm;atmif jrJjrHpGm qkwfudkifxm;yg qdkwmu bmudk taMumif;rSm tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0w¬djynf temxydPf
12 29
G
qdkvdkwmygvJbk&m;-[k avQmufxm;wJhtcg cspfom; &½dSxm;aom o'¨g
w&m; b,fvdk taMumif;rsdK;eJYyJawGUawGU b,fvdktcuftcJrsdK;eJUyJ &ifqdkif
&apumrl aysmufroGm;apeJU jrJjrHpGm xdef;odrf;xm;yg [k rdefUawmfrlyg
t&Sifyanmbmo onf? ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ o'¨gw&m;onf zGJyHkay:wGif pdkufxm;aom
wdkifuJhodkU rcdkifjrJyJ touftdk;tdrf pnf;pdrfESifh ywfoufvmvQif ysufys,f
avmuwGif vHk;0 trSm;uif;olwdkYrSm or®morÁK'¨ bk&m;&SifESifh
oGm;Edkifygonf? t&d,myk*¾dKvfjrwfwdkU\ o'¨gw&m;um; tb,fodkUaom
yapöuAk'¨gwdkYom &Sdayonf/ &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfrsm;yif wpfcgwpf&H tukodkvf
taMumif;rsdK;eJUyJ awGUawGU uGef*&pfay:wGif pdkufxm;aom ausmufwdkif
r[kwfaom trSm;rsdK;jyKrdwwfayonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m t&SifjrwfBuD;
uJhodkU r,dkifrvJ cdkifjrJaeygawmhonf? bk&m;½Sifvufxufawmfu okyÜAk'¨
onf wynfh&[ef;i,ftm; tokb ur®|mef;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm ay;rdcJhonf
trnf½dS udk,fa&jym;a&m*guk|Elemonf 'g,umwpfa,muf jrwfpGm
r[kwfygvm;¿ odkYjzpfvQif omrefykxkZOfwdkYtaejzifh trSm;uif;&ef rvG,f
bk&m; w&m;emum aomwmyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f? okyÜAk'¨\ o'¨gw&m;udk
ulvSay/ odkYaomfvnf; rSm;,Gif;rnfudk aMumufaeygu rnfonfhudpöudkrQ
prf;oyfvdkaom odMum;rif;u tarmif okyÜAk'¨-oif[m odwfqif;&JwJh
aqmif&Gufí jzpfawmhrnfr[kwfacs/ ]]ysuftpOf jyifcP}}qdkonfhpum;
vlwpfa,mufjzpfwmaMumifh oifhwouf pm;rukefatmif ypönf;awG yHkvdkU
twdkif; ta&;BuD;onfrSm rdrd\trSm;udk rdrdjrifí tcsdefrD jyKjyifEkdifa&;om
ay;r,f? &wemoHk;yg;udk bk&m;ppf bk&m;rSef w&m;ppf w&m;rSef oHCmppf
jzpfayonf/ cJwHav;wpfacsmif;ü cJzsufudk xnfhxm;ay;jcif;onf xdk
oHCmrSefr[kwfbl;vdkUajymygqdkawmh okyÜAk'¨-u aeprf;ygtHk; oifu
rSm;,Gif;rIudk jyifqifEkdif&ef r[kwfygvm;¿ tcGifhompOfu tm;rxkwfrd
b,folvJ? igu ewfwdkUaoXfeif; odMum;rif;jzpfw,fvdkU jyefajzaom
vQifç aemif rusef;rmaomtcgç tdkrif;rpGrf; jzpfaomtcgç ao&rnfh
tcg w,frdkufwJh odMum;? rajymoifh rajymxdkufwJhpum;udk vmNyD;ajym
anmifapmif;ü avsmif;íae&aomtcgç tyg,f 4-yg;ü usa&mufaeonfh
&ufyav? oifvdk yk*¾dKvfeJU tzufvkyf pum;ajymaevdkU ighrSm tusdK;r½dS?
tcgrsm;ü ]][dkwkef;u trSm;jyifqifzdkY tm;rxkwfcJhrdonfrSm rSm;avpG
oifxifxm;ovdk ig rqif;&Jygbl; zdk;odMum;&,f? ighrSm olawmfaumif;
rSm;avpG}}[k BuD;pGmaemifw&wwf\/ rSm;NyD;rS rSm;rSef;odvsuf ylyefaom
Opöm ckESpfjzm ½dSygw,f? 'gaMumifh vlcsrf;om tppfyg-[k raMumufr½GHU
þaemifw&jcif;rsKd;ESifh rêuH&avatmif BudK;pm;oifhay\/ ]]trSm;Mum?
&J0HUpGm jyefajymvdkufygw,f? odMum;rif;vnf; bk&m;xH ta&mufoGm;
trSefjzpf}}qdkouJhodkY rjzpfapbJ ]]trSm;awGUu? trSef&}}qdkouJhodkY BudK;pm;
tusdK;taMumif; avQmufxm;wJhtcg jrwfbk&m;u oifvdk odMum;rsdK;
jyifqifoifhayonf/
t&mtaxmifru zsufqD;aomfvnf; okyÜAk'¨&JU o'¨gw&m; rysufpD;Edkif
xdkYaMumifh oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf "r®y'ygVdü atmufygtwdkif;
awmh [k rdefUawmfrlygonf/
qHk;rawmfrlxm;ayonf/
ypönf;jzifh zsm;a,mif;aomfvnf; ,HkMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m; rysuf?
(1) olwpfyg;wdkY\ ravsmfaom tjypftemtqmwdkYudk rMunfh½I&m?
csdef;ajcmuf [efUwm; ajymqdkjim;vnf; &wemoHk;yg; tay:ü ,HkMunfrIudk
olwpfyg;wdkU\ aumif;rI raumif;rI jyK rjyKudk rMunfh½I&m? rdrd\
rpGefUvTwf? xdkuJhodkUaom o'¨gw&m;rsdK;udk jrJjrHpGm qkwfudkifxm;yg-[k
aumif;rI raumif;rI jyK rjyKudkomvQif Munfh½I&m\/
ewfrsm;u pkawcgeD; ewfom; ewforD;tm; 0dkif;vQuf owday;Mu
(2) rdkufaomolonf rdrdrdkufonfhtjzpfudk od\/ xdkodrIaMumifh ynm&Sd
onfudk axmufí rdrdwdkU &½dSydkifqdkifxm;aom vlUbkH vlUavmu vlUb0
jzpfEdkifao;\/ rdkufaomolonf igynm&Sd[k rdrdudk,fudk xifrSwf
udk wefzdk;½dSpGm toHk;cswwfNyD; taumif;qHk;jzpfaom &wemudkvnf;
aeygrlum; xdkoludk pifppf vlrdkuf[lí qdktyf\/
&,lydkifqdkifum xm0& jrJjrH wnfwefU t½SnfcefUatmif xdef;odrf;EdkifMuyg
(3) olwpfyg;wdkY\ tjypfudk jrifvG,f\/ rdrd\ tjypfudkum; jrifEdkifcJ
ap-[k qkawmif; arwåm yw¦emtrI jyKvdkuf&ayownf;/ /
\/ xkdolonf zGJudk vTifhouJhodkY olwpfyg;wdkY\ tjypfudk vTifh\/
28 13
(၂ဝ၁၁-ခုႏွစ္ ဇႏၷဝါရီလမွ မတ္လအတြင္း) xkdYaMumifh vlukd em;vnf&ef OD;pGm vl\pdwfESifh pdwfukd jc,fvS,f
ေက်ာင္းေျမ၊ ပစၥည္းေလးပါးႏွင့္နဝကမၼအလႉရွင္မ်ား aeaom apwodufwkdYukd em;vnf&ayrnf/ okdYrSom vlukd em;vnfEkdif
rnf/ y&rw¬w&m;wkdYukd em;vnf&ayrnf/ okdYrSom avmuukd em;vnf
၁။ Dr မ်ိဳးျမင့္+ေဒၚညိမ္းညိမ္းလြင္ျမင့္ မိသားစု £ 500 Ekdifayrnf/ rsufpdonf tqif;½lyg½Hk rsKd;pHkukd jrifjcif;udpö aqmif&Gufyg
၂။ မိဘဘိုးဘြား အစ္ကိုအစ္မမ်ားအားရည္စူး၍ onf/ aumif;aomjrifuGif; raumif;aomjrifuGif;ukd ra&G;cs,fwwfay/
Dr တင္ေမာင္ျမင့္၊ Dr ခင္စန္းရီ၊ Dr ရဲေက်ာ္သူျမင့္၊ ynmuom qHk;jzwfcsufcsum a&G;cs,f&ygonf/
Ms Min Kuan, Michael William Myint & Mr Myo Thant £ 300 þuJhokdY ocFg&w&m;wkdY\ aMumif;usKd;jzpfpOfoabmukd aoao
၃။ Ms Yamin Myo Nyunt & M A R C Loh Family £ 300 csmcsm aphaph ii odoGm;aom vlom;onf ol\b0ü vmb? ouúm&?
၄။ ဦးထိန္ၾကည္လင္း+ေဒၚလြင္မာကို မိသားစု £ 200 odavmuukd b0\ yef;wkdif? oHo&m\yef;wkdiftjzpf xm;awmhrnfum;
၅။ Mr Peter Linn + Nyo Seint Lay & Ahkar Linn, Thiri Linn £ 200 r[kwfawmhay/ vmb[laom Opöm"e\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf&rnfrSm yif
၆။ Dr မင္းစိန္ + ေဒၚဇာနည္ဝင္း £ 100
yef;vSaywum;[k ÓPfü odomxif&Sm;avjyD/ ouúm&[laom vltrsm;
၇။ မိဘဘိုးဘြား အစ္ကိုအစ္မမ်ားအားရည္စူး၍ Dr ျမင့္ဝင္း £ 100
\ tav;tjrwfjyKcHum &mxl;XmeEÅ&0daoo\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf&rnf
rSm 'ku©rsm;vSaywum;[k ÓPfü xifvmavjyD/ odavmu[laom xif
၈။ Dr ေမျမႏြယ္ £ 100
ay:ausmfMum; *kPfxl;bGJUcHum ausmfapmxif&Sm;rI\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf&
၉။ Dr မျမင့္သန္း £ 100
rnfrSmvnf; 'ku©qif;&JrQomygwum;[k a,m*D\ÓPfü ay:vGifvm
၁ဝ။ In Memory of late sister Thi Thi Zin
avjyD/ aemufqHk;rSmawmh vkdtifqE´ jzpfcsifrI t&mrSeforQonf b0ay;
Mrs Me Me Zin + Johan Lemmene £ 100 tajctaeaemufokdY waumufaumuf ygoGm;avawmhonf/ vkdtifqE´
၁၁။ မိခင္ေဒၚတင္ျမင့္အားရည္စူး၍ ကိုႏိုင္ေအာင္မိုး+မထက္ထက္ေအာင္ £ 100 rjynfh0cifrSmyif b0ukd tqHk;owfoGm;Mu&olawG rsm;vSygonf/ þ
၁၂။ Dr ခင္သက္ေမာ္အားရည္စူး၍ a,m*Dyk*d¾KvftwGuf qE´jynfh0oGm;w,fvkdY rqkdEkdifayrJhvnf; atmifjrif
ကိုေအာင္မိုး+မမိုးသီတာေက်ာ္၊ သမီး Sue May £ 100 onfhb0wpfckukd ykdifqkdifxm;olç jrifhjrwfonfhb0rSm arGUavsmfaeol
၁၃။ မိခင္ Dr ခင္သက္ေမာ္အားရည္စူး၍ သား ကိုေက်ာ္မိုးထြန္း £ 100 wpfOD;tjzpf qkdEkdifygonf/
၁၄။ မစႏၵာ ႏွင့္ မိုးမိုး မိသားစု £ 65 vlom;rsm;tm;vHk; vkdtifqE´awG &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifawG ukd,fpD
၁၅။ ေဒၚေအးျမခင္ £ 60 ukd,fpDeJU atmifjrifwJh b0c&D;vrf;ukd rsufESmyef;vSvS txufwef;
၁၆။ ကိုရန္မ်ိဳးေက်ာ္+မရီရီေ႒း မိသားစု £ 60 usus avQmufvSrf;EkdifMuygapukefownf;/
၁၇။ James Aung & Family £ 50
၁၈။ ေဒၚႏွင္းရီ £ 50

N
၁၉။ ပြင့္သီရိကို (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50
၂ဝ။ ေဒါက္တာမိုးေအာင္ေက်ာ္ (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50
၂၁။ မိဘမ်ားအား အမႉးထား၍ ကိုေအာင္မင္းဦး၊ ကိုထင္ေအာင္ £ 50
၂၂။ Dr ေဆြလင္း + Dr သဥၨာမင္း £ 50
၂၃။ မမာလာေထြး (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50
14 27
um; ta'go arwåm? u½kPmESifh qefUusifaypGwum;/ ၂၄။ Dr မ်ိဳးညြန္႔+ Dr ခင္မာမာ £ 50
vlonf jzpfcsif&m&m rsm;vGef;vSonf/ vkdcsif&m&m rsm;vGef;vS ၂၅။ ကိုၿဖိဳးထက္ေဇာ္ (ပရိကၡရာအလႉ) £ 50
ayonf/ pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfcsifonf/ avmu"mwfynmwwfvnf; jzpfcsif ၂၆။ Dr ျမင့္ဝင္း £ 40
onf/ xifay:csifonf/ ausmfMum;csifonf/ tjcHt&Hy&dowf rsm;csif ၂၇။ Mr Ye Sit Paing + Nan Hmwe Hmwe Hung £ 40
onf/ wpfzef igomvQif pD;yGm;jzpfol? igomvQif Opömaygol? igomvQif ၂၈။ မလဲ့ရည္ဝင္း၊ မျဖဴမြန္ေက်ာ္ £ 40
½kyfacsmol? igomvQif usef;rmol [lívnf; jycsifao;onf/ ၂၉။ ကိုေက်ာ္စိုးဝင္း £ 40
qufvufjyD; igvkd wwfonfhawmfonfhvl? igvkd pdwfaumif;
၃ဝ။ Tina Wang, Teresa Wang, Jerry Tsai,
ESvHk;aumif;&dSonfhvl? igvkd oDvorm"dESifh jynfhpHkonfhvl þZrÁLrSm
Faye Tsai, Portia Tsai £ 30
&dSao;vkdYvm;? olwpfyg;ukd <um;&efr&dSvQifvnf; rdrdukd,fwkdif ukd,fhukd,f
၃၁။ In Memory of late aunty Mrs Irangani De Silva £ 30
ukd <um;í xkdt<um;rmeESifh aysmfaewwfonf/ jzpfcsif&m&m rsm;vGef;
onf[k qkd&mwGif &Hcgwpfckjzpfí rjyD;ao;aomfvnf; aemufrS ESpfck oHk;ck ၃၂။ ဖခင္ဦးကိုကို၊ မိခင္ေဒၚမိမိခင္ ကိုရည္စူး၍ Dr ခင္မာေထြး £ 30
av;ckrsm;pGm jzpfcsifaejyefjyD/ ၃၃။ မိခင္ေဒၚလွၿမိဳင္အားရည္စူးကုသိုလ္ (သကၤန္းအလႉ) £ 30
vlonfrdrdtwGufvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ olwpfyg;twGufvnf; ၃၄။ မိခင္ေဒၚလွၿမိဳင္အား ရည္စူးကုသိုလ္ (ေက်ာင္းအလႉ) £ 30
jzpfcsifonf/ þb0twGufvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ þb0twGufomru ၃၅။ ကိုရဲမင္းေရႊ+မမြန္မြန္ထြန္း(သမီး)သက္ျမတ္ႏုိးေရႊ
aemifwrvGef b0twGufvnf; jzpfcsifjyefao;onf/ (ညီမ) မသြယ္သြယ္ထြန္း £ 30
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom wefcdk;&SifwpfOD;OD;u vlom;\ jzpfcsifaom ၃၆။ အဘြားေဒၚျမင့္ျမင့္အားရည္စူး၍ ေမာင္ေက်ာ္ခိုင္ဟိန္း(ေမြးေန႔) £ 20
qE´ukd jznfhqnf;ay;rnfqkdvQif wpfaeYwpfreufrQyif jynfhpHkatmif ၃၇။ ကိုေဇာ္ေဇာ္ £ 20
jznfhEkdifrnf rxif[k awG;xifp&m jzpfygonf/ tqHk;ü vlom;onf ၃၈။ Portia, Faye, Tina, Teresa & Jerry £ 20
xkdwefckd;&Sif\ wefckd;ukdyif vkdcsifaernfrSm aocsmayonf/ vlonf ၃၉။ Mr Lwan Moe + Nan Nwe Ni Myint £ 20
aumif;&m&mukdom vkdcsifaejcif;um; r[kwfwef&may/ ၄ဝ။ မအာကာမိုးျမင့္ျဖဴ မိသားစု £ 20
]] 'DocsØKif;rSm wkdYtbkd;&JUtkwf*lu tMuD;qHk;yJ }} [k wpfOD;u *lukd ၄၁။ ကိုေအာင္ေက်ာ္+မသန္းသန္းႏြယ္
vufnSKd;nTefjyD; ajymygonf/ aemufwpfOD;u ]] wkdYtbkd;tkwf*luawmh (သမီး)ေမသူ၊ (သား)ထြန္းေအာင္ေက်ာ္ £ 20
ao;ayr,fh 'DocsØKif;rSm vuf&mu xdyfwef;yJ olUavmufvuf&m
၄၂။ သဲယဥ္လင္း၊ စုျမတ္ေအာင္ £ 20
aumif;wJh *lr&dSbl;/ EkdifiHjcm;u 'DZkdif;,ljyD; uGefysLwmESifh *lyHkxkwfwm ]]
၄၃။ ဖခင္ဦးတင္ဦး၊ မိခင္ေဒၚတင္ျမင့္ ကိုရည္စူး၍
vlonf aumif;wmukdvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ aumif;wmukd <um;csifonf/}}
4if;jzpf&yfukd em;vnf&ef rcufyg/ ကိုႏုိင္ေအာင္မိုး+မထက္ထက္ေအာင္ £ 10

okdYaomf vlonf &Hcg qkd;wmvnf;yJ jzpfcsifjyefonf/ 4if;ukd ၄၄။ Mr Hugh Evans (Ireland) £ 10
em;vnf&ef cufwwfygonf/ vlukd arm[u jc,fvS,fxm;ygonf/ ၄၅။ ဆရာေလးေဒၚဥတၱရာ £ 10
wPSm rme? 'd|du vTrf;rkd;xm;ygonf/ rodrIarm[? vkdcsifrI wPSm? ၄၆။ မခင္မဥၨဴ £ 10
wyfrufrI avmb toD;oD;ukd vl[k ac:í r&yg/ 4if;wkdYonf vlr ၄၇။ Steven Aung San Nyunt & Family £ 10
[kwfay/ pdwfukdjc,fvS,fwwfaom apwodufrsm;omjzpfonf/ ၄၈။ Mr Hoke Hlaing + Mrs Kyi Kyi Maw £ 10

26 15
၄၉။ Nicky Lin Tun £ 10 owå0gawGukd igodovkd odEdkifygapç igjrifovkd jrifEdkifygapqkdonfh
၅ဝ။ ေစတနာရွင္တစ္ဦး £ 10 qE´awGeJU av;toacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef; Mumjrihfatmif ypönf;Opöm pdefa&T
၅၁။ ကိုၿဖိဳးထက္ေဇာ္ £ 10 &wemrsm;udk ay;urf; vSL'gef;jcif;qkdonfh 'geyg&rD? ukd,fvuft*Fg
၅၂။ ကိုေက်ာ္ေဇယ်+မေဆြဇင္သန္႔ မိသားစု £ 10 tMuD;ti,frsm;ukd vSL'gef;jcif;qkdonfh 'geOyyg&rD? rdrdtoufukdyg riJh
၅၃။ ေစတနာရွင္တစ္ဦး £ 10
uGufbJ ay;urf;vSL'gef;cJhonfh 'geOyyg&rD tp&daom yg&rDq,fyg;
၅၄။ In Memory of late Mrs Tina £ 10
tjym;oHk;q,fukd jznfhusifhcJhjyD; aemufqHk;bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&muf&dSawmfrlcJh
ygonf/ bk&m;&Sif\qE´onf tjynfht0 jynfhpHkoGm;jyD;vkdY rqkdEkdifao;yg/
၅၅။ မိဘမ်ားအားအမႉးထား၍ မအိအိမာ £ 10
bk&m;jzpfjyD;vQifjyD;csif; rdrdtay: aus;Zl;rsm;onfh avmuDpsmef
၅၆။ မိခင္ေဒၚတင္ျမင့္အားရည္စူး၍ ကိုမိုး၊ ကိုေဇာ္ေဇာ္ေအာင္၊ မနီလာ £ 10
tbdnmPf&xm;aom tmVm&ESifh O'u&aohESpfyg;ukd u,fwifcsifonfh
၅၇။ မိခင္ေဒၚတင္ျမင့္အားရည္စူး၍
qE´awGjzpfay:vmaomfvnf; t½lybHkokdY a&mufESifhaejyD; jzpfaomaMumifh
ကိုႏုိင္ေအာင္မိုး+မထက္ထက္ေအာင္ £ 10 u,fwifEdkifcGifh r&cJhygbl;/ &Sifa'0'wfonf aemufqHk; uG,fvGefawmf
၅၈။ ေစတနာရွင္တစ္ဦး £ 5 rlcgeD; tcsdefwGif bk&m;&Sifukd zl;ajrmfcsifonfh qE´awGjzpfay:vmum
၆ဝ။ ဦးေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္ညြန္႔ + မျမတ္ျပည့္ၿဖိဳး (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 5 bk&m;&SifESifh awGUcsifonfh qE´&dSygaomfvnf; awGUcGifhr&bJ uG,fvGefoGm;
၆၁။ Kaberi Chakma £ 3 &&Smygonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&monfyifvQif rdcif\aus;Zl;ukd qyfEdkifzkdY
twGuf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm apmifhqkdif;cJh&ygonf/ aemufqHk; y&dedAÁmef pHawmf
rlcgeD;tcsdef usrSomvQif Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfapcsifonfhqE´u jynfh0oGm;cJh
အသံမစဲပ႒ာန္းပြဲ ဆြမ္းအလႉရွင္မ်ား(၂ဝ၁၁-ခုႏွစ္ ဧၿပီလ) ygonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm qE´wpfck atmifjrifjynfhajrmufzkdYqkdwm wpfcg
wpfav b0wpfckwnf;eJU &if;vkdYawmh r&bl;qkdwmukd odapcsifygonf/
၁၅-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း ေဒၚျမင့္ျမင့္ဦး မိသားစု rdrduynmwwfonfholeJUawGUawmh ukd,fwkdifvnf; ynmwwfcsif
။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း ေဒါက္တာမင္းစိန+
္ ေဒၚဇာနည္ဝင္း onfh qE´awG jzpfay:vmygonf/ ukd,feJUywfouf&m ywfoufaMumif;
၁၆-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း ဦးေအာင္ေက်ာ္ႏုိင္+Dr. လဲ့လဲ့ခိုင္ မိသားစု om;orD;awG oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGawG aqGrsKd;awmfpyf&m awmfpyfonfhol
။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း ဦးျမဟန္+ေဒၚသန္းေ႒း မိသားစု awGukd odapcsif wwfapcsifonf qE´qkdwm &dSMuwmygyJ/
၁၇-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း ဦးေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္ညြန္႔+ေဒၚျမတ္ျပည့္ၿဖိဳး jynfhpHkcsifaom avmuMuD;onf rjynfhrpHkjzpfae&ygonf/ jidrf;csrf;
။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း ျမန္မာႏွစ္သစ္ကူး ႏွစ္ဦးစုေပါင္းဆြမ္းကပ္ csifaom avmuMuD;onf rjidrf;rcsrf; jzpfae&ygonf/ vSycsifaom
avmuMuD;onf rvSry jzpfae&ygonf/ om,mcsifaom avmuMuD;
onf romr,m jzpfae&ygonf/ arwåm&Sif? u½kPm&Sif yk*d¾KvfjrwfMuD;
wkdYonf avmuMuD;ukd tjrJxm0& jynfhpHkjidrf;csrf; om,mvSy pkdjynf
apcsifygonf/ jrifhjrwfaom yk*d¾KvfwkdYonf vlom;wkdYtay: arwåmrkd;?
u½kPmrkd; &GmoGef; jzKd;jcif;rSm tpOftvm"r®wmaywnf;/
okdYaomf avmbrkd;? a'gorkd;? arm[rkd;? rmerkd;? rpä&d,rkd;rsm;
oJoJrJrJ &GmoGef;csaeaom ykxkZOfwdkY\ vlUabmifavmu vlwkdY&Gmonf
16 25
B
အသံမစဲပ႒ာန္းပြဲ အလႉရွင္မ်ား(၂ဝ၁၁-ခုႏွစ္ ဧၿပီလ)

၁။ ေဒၚျမင့္ျမင့္ဦး မိသားစု £ 160


ÓPfÓPf
၂။ ဦးတင့္ခိုင္အားရည္စူး၍ မဝင္းၾကည္ျဖဴ £ 150
qE´qkdonfrSm rdrdjzpfcsifonfh t&mrSeforQç rdrdvkyfcsif atmifjrif ၃။ ေဒါက္တာျမင့္ဝင္း မိသားစု £ 100
csifonfhvkyfief;rSeforQukd qkdvkdjyD; b0qkdwmuawmh vuf&dS&&dSxm;onfh ၄။ Dr ရီေသြး + Dr ၾကည္ၾကည္လွ (သမီး) Dr ခင္ေသြး £ 100
cE¨mukd,f a,mufsm; rdef;rb0ç vufawGU&ifqkdif MuHKawGUae&onfh ၅။ ေဒါက္တာမင္းညိဳ + ေဒၚခင္ျမေဆြ £ 50
b0ay; tajctaeukd qkd&rnfjzpfonf/ vlom;wkdif;rSm vSywJh tdyfruf ၆။ ဦးျမဟန္ + ေဒၚသန္းေ႒း မိသားစု £ 50
uav;awG xufjrufonfh vkdtifqE´awG &dSaeMupjrJyg? xkdvkdtifqE´ ၇။ ေဒါက္တာတင္တင္ဝင္း £ 50
awGukd az:xkwfjyoonfhtaejzifh What are you going to do when you ၈။ Dr ၾကည္တိုး + ေဒၚခ်ိဳခ်ိဳေဆြ၊
grow up? om;om;av; rD;rD;av;MuD;vmvQif bmvkyfcsifovJvkdY i,fpOf
(သား)ၿဖိဳးေဇာ္ေအာင္၊ (သမီး) စိမ္းလဲ့ေဝ £ 50
awmifaus; uav;b0upjyD; vlMuD;rdbawGu ar;avh&dSMuygonf/ ၉။ Dr ကိုကို + ေဒၚေမာ္လီျမျမဝင္းကို £ 50
ukd,fjzpfcsifonfh qE´awG ukd,fpDukd,fi ajymjywwfMuygonf/ þonf
၁ဝ။ မျပည့္ၿဖိဳးေက်ာ္ £ 30
rSm rdrdwkdY &ifaoG;i,f uav;rsm;\vkdtifqE´awGukd xkwfaz:apcsifMu
၁၁။ ေဒၚေမာ္လီစိုးႏွင့္ သားမ်ား £ 30
onfhoabmygyJ/ touft&G,fawG MuD;jyif;vmonfhtcgrSm ukd,fjzpfcsif
၁၂။ Dr ေဇယ်ာေရႊ + Dr မိုးဆမ္း £ 30
onfhqE´eJU b0ay; tajctaeawGu ajreJUrkd;yrm uGmjcm;vmwwfyg
w,f/ okdYaomf qE´0awm uðemr ur®H eodZöswd qkdonfhpum;ukdawmh ၁၃။ ကိုမ်ိဳး + မျဖဴေဖြး (သမီး) မသစၥာ £ 30
arhrxm;oifhMuygbl;/ qE´&dSvQif rNyD;ajrmufEkdifaomt&m r&Sd? b,ft&m ၁၄။ Dr ဇာနည္ရဲျမင့္ + Dr ေမျမတ္စံ £ 30
rqkd atmifjrifjyD;ajrmufEkdifonf[laom tm;ay;pum;av;wpfcGef;ygyJ/ ၁၅။ ဦးေအာင္ေက်ာ္ႏုိင္+Dr လဲ့လဲ့ခိုင္ မိသားစု £ 24
qE´&dS,HkeJU t&m&mwkdif; jyD;ajrmufatmifjrifEkdifw,fqkdonfh pum; ၁၆။ မတင္တင္လိႈင္ £ 15
onf wu,fawmh vufcHEkdifp&m taMumif;r&dSygbl;/ bmaMumifhvJ ၁၇။ မခင္စုစုဝင္း £ 10
qkdawmh qE´&JUaemufuG,frSm MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIqkdonfh 0D&d,? MuHq ၁၈။ ဖခင္(ဦးစိုးျမင့္)၊ မိခင္ေဒၚခင္ခင္ဝင္းအား အမႉးထား၍
awG;awm qifjcifwwfonfhynmeJU pdwftm;xufoefrIoabm raemav; သမီး မဝင္းပပစိုး £ 10
rsm; yg0ifvmrSomvQif jyD;jynfhpHkEdkifygonf/ vkdtifqE´ &dS,Hkoufouf ၁၉။ ဦးေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္ညြန္႔+မျမတ္ျပည့္ၿဖိဳး မိသားစု £ 10
eJUawmh b,ft&mrS ratmifjrifEkdifygbl;/ avxJrSm wkduftdrfaqmufovkd
taumiftxnfaz:vkdYr&yg/ avmurSm qE´jynfh0oGm;onfhol&,fvkdY r&dS *မွတ္ခ်က္။ ။ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားအား သီးျခားကပ္လႉေသာ ပ႒ာန္းအလႉရွင္မ်ား
Ekdifygbl;/ ykxkZOfowå0gawGtwGufawmh jynfhpHkoGm;onfh vlawG r&dSbl; ႏွင့္ ေဝယ်ာဝစၥကုသုိလ္ရွင္မ်ားျဖစ္ၾကေသာ Burmese Youth Association မွ
qkdwm aocsmaeygonf/
လူငယ္မ်ားႏွင့္ အျခားေသာ လူငယ္ လူႀကီးအားလံုးေသာ ကုသိုလ္ရွင္မ်ားကို
bk&m;&Sif[m okar"mb0u wpfa,mufwnf; edAÁmefukd vG,fvG,f
ဤေနရာ၌ မွတ္တမ္းတင္လွ်က္ သာဓု အႏုေမာဒနာေခၚဆိုအပ္ပါသည္။
ulul 0ifEkdifygonf/ okdYaomf igwpfa,mufwnf; edAÁmefukdul;rnfqkd&if
b,ftusKd;rsm;rSmvnf; oHo&m0JMoCxJrSm epfajrmaeonfh a0ae,s
24 17
(၂ဝ၁၁-ခုႏွစ္ ဇႏၷဝါရီလမွ မတ္လအတြင္း)
တိသရဏဝိဟာရ ဆြမ္းစားေက်ာင္းေဆာင္ အလႉရွင္မ်ား
Bhikkhu Pañño
၁။ ကိုေအာင္ေက်ာ္သူ+မလွလွဝင္း (သမီး)ေကသီဝင္းေအာင္
The Buddha is like an expert doctor in that he is able to heal all
ကလ်ာဝင္းေအာင္၊ (သား)ေနသန္ဝင္းေအာင္ £ 100
sickness of the defilements. The Dhamma is like a rightly applied medi-
၂။ ေဒါက္တာမင္းစိန္+ေဒၚဇာနည္ဝင္း £ 100
cine, and the Sangha, with their defilements cured, are like people re-
၃။ ကြယ္လြန္သူ ေဒၚညြန္႔ရီအားရည္စူး၍ ေဒၚသန္းရင္ £ 40
stored to health by that medicine.
၄။ ဦးစိုးျမင့္+ေဒၚတင္တင္ခိုင္ (သား)ေဝယံစိုး၊ သီဟစိုး £ 30
Of course, Dhamma is a medicine for curing disease. This is a
strange and special medicine because it can be taken by anyone, regard- 2011 Easter တရားစခမ္း ဆြမ္းအလႉရွင္မ်ား
less of religion, nationality, ethnic background, education, class, or lan-
guage. Anyone may use this medicine, for Dhamma is like those modern ၂၂-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း မဝင္းပပစိုး၊
။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း ဖခင္ဦးသိန္းထြဋ္ကိုရည္စူး၍
drugs that cure physical ailments. Such drugs can be taken by people all
ကိုဝင္း+မအငယ္ေလး မိသားစု၊
over the world, no matter what their religion, race, sex, profession, or
၂၃-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း ဦးေအာင္ေက်ာ္ႏုိင္+Dr လဲ့လဲ့ခိုင္၊
language. Although we come from different cultures, we can use the
။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း မနီလာေအး၊
very same kind of medicine. Take aspirin, for example, no matter who ၂၄-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း ကိုဝင္းႏိုင္ဦး+မစစ္စစ္ဝင္း
and where we are, we can take a few aspirin to get rid of a headache. ။ ေန႔ဆြမ္း ဖခင္ဦးျမသန္းအားရည္စူး၍
Dhamma is the same and it is the universal medicine. သားသမီးတစ္စု၊
၂၅-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ုဏ္ဆြမ္း+ေန႔ဆြမ္း မအာကာမိုးျမင့္ျဖဴ၊
Which is the serious illness?

There are two kinds of illness: physical illness and mental illness.
There seem to be people who enjoy freedom from physical illness even Having seen a shape with the eye, smelt a smell with the nose, sa-
for a year or two ……. even for a hundred years or more. But rare in the voured a taste with the tongue, felt a touch with the body or cog-
world are those who enjoy freedom from mental illness, even for one nized a thought with the mind, he is not entranced by its general ap-
moment, except those who are free from mental defilements. Nowadays pearance or its detail. For if he lived with the sense organs uncon-
it is estimated that nearly 340 million people worldwide are affected by trolled, attraction, repulsion and evil unskilled states of mind would
depression, 45 million by schizophrenia and 29 million by dementia. Men- grow. So he controlls the sense of organs, and having this noble
tal disorders account for a high proportion of all disability adjusted life control of the sense organs, he experiences within himself the hap-
piness of being unruffled.
18 23
years (DALYs) lost, and this burden is predicted to grow significantly
ing someone to talk to. At the end she was given three stages of treat-
(WHO, 2001b) in the future.
ment which to have cured her and she was totally free from all mental
"The body is afflicted, weak, & encumbered. For who, looking after
defilements.
this body, would claim even a moment of true health, except through
"May all beings be free from all mental defilements and peaceful forever."
sheer foolishness? So you should train yourself: 'Even though I may be
afflicted in body, my mind will be unafflicted.' That is how you should
train yourself." said the Buddha.
(Samyutta Nikaya, Nakulapita Sutta)
This is why there is the principle that Dhamma must be studied
and learned internally, rather than externally. We must learn from life

"Whatever treasure there be either in the world beyond, itself. Learn from all the things that you experience within this fathom-
whatever precious jewel there be in the heavenly worlds, long body. Please be certain to learn inside only, and don’t bother learn-
there is nought comparable to the Tathagata (the Perfect One). ing outside. The things that we learn from external sources, such as
This precious jewel is the Buddha. books and talks, are never enough. Only by looking within can we come
By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness." to understand these spiritual diseases completely. The external kind of
"That Cessation, that Detachment, that Deathlessness(Nibbana) study and learning, such as reading books, discussion, and listening to
supreme, the calm and collected Sakyan Sage (the Buddha) had talks as you are doing now, can do no more than explain the method
realized. There is nought comparable to this (Nibbana) Dhamma. and means of inner study. This external study only learns how to go
This precious jewel is the Dhamma.
about the inner study. Then, you must go and do that inner study in or-
By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness."
der to understand Dhamma. This way of understanding the Buddha and
"The eight persons extolled by virtuous men constitute four pairs. his teachings dates back to the earliest texts, and yet is also very cur-
They are the disciples of the Buddha and are worthy of offerings.
rent. Buddhist meditation practice becomes now popular as a form of
Gifts given to them yield rich results.
healing, and quite a few psychotherapists now recommend that their pa-
This precious jewel is the Sangha.
tients try meditation as part of their treatment.
By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness."
The treatment to cure sickness of defilements

There are three stages of treatment according to the Buddha's


teaching – morality is the first stage, concentration the second, and wis-
22 19
dom the third. The eight steps of the Eightfold Path are classified under of treatment are interdependent and interrelated, they should be prac-
these three stages. Morality includes right speech, right action, and right ticed at the same time. For example, when living a moral life, it is easier
livelihood; concentration includes right effort, right mindfulness, and to have right concentration and right understanding. The practice of right
right concentration; and wisdom includes right understanding, and right concentration helps one to live rightly and to understand things rightly;
thought (which are the first two steps in the Eightfold Path). Although and in the same way, the practice of right understanding helps one to
wisdom is in one sense the beginning of the Eightfold Path, in a more live rightly and to concentrate rightly. On the other hand, they cannot be
important sense it is the outcome. practiced separately, for it is impossible to live a moral life without con-
There are three stages of treatment because there are three stages centration – which mind control – and without right understanding; in
of defilement which must be overcome. In the first stage, defilements the same way, concentration and wisdom always require the other two
are not manifest in words or deeds, but lie latent in each being. In the stages. In addition, the Buddha also used various kind of techniques to
second stage they come up from the latent state to the level of thoughts, heal all sickness of the defilements like modern psychiatrists who heal
emotions, and feelings when they are awakened by an object, pleasant mental health by relaxation, physical activity, learning to assert yourself,
or unpleasant. In the third stage they become fierce and ungovernable setting goals, expressing feelings, facing up to problems, finding some-
and produce evil actions. one to talk to and etc,.
The three stages of treatment dispel the three stages of defile- At the Buddha's time a lady named Kisāgotami whose little son
ment. Morality can dispel only the defilements of evil actions, but leaves suddenly fell ill and died. She was carrying the child's corpse in her arm,
untouched the defilements of the two lower levels, so they could rise came to the Buddha and said him, "Master, give me medicine for my son
again. Therefore, morality is called the temporary putting away of defile- to be alive." The Buddha replied that she needs to bring only very small
ments. Concentration can dispel only the second defilements of quantity of mustard seed from any house where no one had ever died.
thoughts, emotions, and feelings. It can be effective for a considerable She trusted the Blessed One's word and went to the town to search for
time, for it is more powerful than morality; but since the defilements it. But she couldn't find any house where no one had ever died. She was
which are latent are not dispelled, the defilements of the second level told, "The dead are more numerous than the living." Towards evening
could arise again. Therefore the putting away by concentration is called she finally realized that she was not alone in being stricken by the death
the putting away to a distance. of a beloved one: this was common human fate. What no words had
The defilements of the first level, the latent defilements, are dis- been able to convey to her before, her own experience of going from
pelled by wisdom, by insight. They are untouched by morality or concen- door to door had made clear. So that is why the Blessed One asked her
tration, but when dispelled through insight will never arise again. Getting to search for such mustard seeds. Therefore the Buddha was able to
rid of them by wisdom is like cutting a tree by the root; therefore, the heal her obsession and bring her to an acceptance of reality by using the
putting away by insight is called the cutting away. Since the three stages techniques such as learning to assert herself, facing the problems, find-

20 21

You might also like