2

1.

2.
3.

4.

1.

1.1

(Rogers. 1951 : 5)

(Lucile. 1952 : 870)

(Selye. 1956 : 97-99)

(Lazarus. 1971 : 47)

(threat)

(Kleinmuntz. 1974 : 564)

(Fishbein. 1975 : 1255-1226)

10

(Narrow & Buschle.

1987 : 108)

(2549 : 482)

(2533 : 177)

(2530 : 17-18)

11

(2542 :

12)

(2539 : 9)

(2529 : 82)

12

(2546 : 6)

(2546 : 6)

13

1.2

1.2.1

(Selye

Stress Theory) (Selye Hans. 1956 : 31-33)

(General Adaptation Syndrome)

3
1)

(Alarm

Reaction Stage)






2

(1) (Phase of Shock)

 14

24-48



(2) (Phase of
Counter Shock)

2)

(Stage of Resistance)

3)

(Stage

15

of Exhaustion)

1.2.2

.(Lazarus

& Folkman. 1984 : 21)

(Transaction)

(Demands)
(Resources)

(Cognitive-Appraisal) Primary Secondary
Appraisal

Primary Appraisal

(Irrelevant)
(Benign
Positive)

(Stressful)

16

3
1) (Harm and Loss) 2)
(Threat)
3)
(Challenge)

Secondary

Appraisal

Primary
Secondary

(Situational Factors)

(Personal Factors)

(Commitment)



17

(Reappraisal)

1.2.3

( A biobehavioral model of stress)

(2540 : 5-7)

2
1)

1)


18

2)

2)

1)

2)

5-9


19

adrenaline

(2540 : 6)

fight or flight
response

20

1. 3

1.3.1
1)

21

(2537 : 59)

2
1

2


2)

(2540 : 62) 2

(Eustress)

(Distress)

1.3.2

(2546 : 10)

1)

22

(1)

(distress)






(2)
(eustress)

2)
2

(1)

2
.

(emergency stress)

23

(continuing stress)

(2)

1.3.3

(2533 : 55 )
1)

(Avoidable Stress)

2)

24

(Unavoidable Stress)

1.4

1.4.1

( Engel. 1962 : 288-300)

1)

 25



2)

3)

1.4.2

(Brown &

Moberg. 1980 : 170-172)

1)

2)

26

3)

4)

1.4.3

27

(Darley Gluckbery & Kinchla. 1986 : 3)

2
1)

2)

(1)

(2)

(3)

 28

(4) (Conflict)



2





2

(5)

(Frustration)

5
.


. (Loss)

(Grief)

29

1.4.4

(Lazarus. 1971 : 52 )

2
1)

2)

30

1.4.5

(2549 :

482-489)

1)

(1)

31

(2)

32

.

)
(Perfectionist)



33

)

2)

(1)

(2)

(Psychological Imbalance)

(3)

34

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

35

1.5

1.5.1

(Frain &

Valiga. 1979 : 45-49) 4

1

(day to day stress)

2 (mild stress)

36

3
(moderate stress) 1
2

4
(severe stress)

1.5.2

(Janis. 1952 : 13-67)

1)

(Mild Stress)

37

2)
(Middle Stress)

3)

(Severe

Stress)


38

1.5.3

(2549 : 483)

1)

 39

2)

3)

40

1.5.4

(2540 : 12)

4
1)

2)

3)

4)


41

1.5.5

4
1)

2)

42

3)

4)

1.6

4 ( .

2546 : 13-16)
1.6.1

1)

43

2)

44

3)

1.6.2

(nervous anxiety)

1.6.3

45

1.6.4



46

1)

(Alarm

Reaction Stage)

(Hypothalamus)

(Epinephrine)

()

2)

(Resistance Stage)

47

3)

(The Stage of

Exhaustion)

1.6.5

48

1)

49

2)

50

(phobia anxiety)
(tranquilizer dependency)

1.7
1.7.1

1) (Braham. 1990 : 19-21)
4
(1)
(Physical

Symptoms)

(2)
(Emotional Symptoms)

(3)

51

(Intellectual Symptoms)

(4)

(Interpersonal Symptoms)

2)

(2534 : 35-39)

(1)


(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

52

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

3)

(2548 :

53

21-22 )
4
(1)

(Mood)

(2)

(Organ)

(3)

(Muscle)

(4)

(Behavior)

1.7.2

1)

(2540 : 9)

54

2)

: 18-19)

(2546

(1)


55

(Psychosomatic Disease)

(2)


56

(3)

(4)

(5)

57

3)

(2540 :

55)

4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

58

1.8

(Shonkoff)

59

(Adrenaline)

(Cortisol)

(Peeke)

60

(Shonkoff)

(Aou)

(Fariss et, al. 2005 :

94-95) Mitochondria

61

ATP Oxidative Phosphorylation

(OXPHOS)
OXPHOS

Mitochondria



Mitochondria

(
)

Mitochondrial lipid ( Cardiolipin)

DNA

Mitochondrial Protein

Mitochondrial

Mitochondria

1.9


62

63

1.10

4 (.
2546 : 19-20 )
1.10.1

(self-report)
(questionnaire)

64

SCL-90 (Symptom Check
List 90)
90 5

(Somatization)

CMI (Cornell Medical

Index)

195

HOS (Health Opinion

Survey)

20

18

 65
SOS (Symptoms of Stress Inventory)

Cornell Medical Index
107

(SPST 60)
60


.
70
.27

3

1)

12

2)

24

3)

24 4

(SPST 60)
()


66
4

1.10.2

(Projective Techniques)

Rorschach TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

1.10.3

(Observation)

1.10.4

(Neurophysiological change )

(EMG Biofeedback)

67

2.
2.1

2.1.1

(Lazarus & Folkman. 1984

: 14-154)

2.1.2

(2541 : 12)




68

2.2

(Hardy characteristic)

2.2.1
(Good personal
control) 5

1)

(Retrospective control)

2)

(Information

control)

69

3)

(Cognitive control)

4) (Decisional
control)

5) (Behavioral control)

(Internal Locus of
control)

(self efficacy)

(commitment)

70

(challenge)

2.2.2

1)

sense

of coherence

(comprehensible)
(manageable)
(meaningful)
resilience


(high achiever)

71

2)

(social support)
(esteem support)

3)

4)


72

5)

(relaxation)

6)

(modeling)

7)

2.2.3

(Coping process)

73

1)

2)

(Specific context)

3)



(Encounter)


74

2.2.4

(Coping strategies)

(Problem-focused
coping)

(Emotional-focused coping) (
. 2542 : 30-31 )
1)

(Problem-focused coping)

2)

(Emotional-focused coping)


75

2.2.5

. 2548 : 30-31)
1)

(Process oriented)

(Context)



(Actually)

(Encounter)

2)

(Contextual)

3)

(Effort)

4)

(Manage)

(Minimizing)

(Avoiding) (Tolerating)

76

(Accepting)

(Mastery)

2.2.6

Ways of coming checklist

3
1)

6
(1)

(Wishful

thinking)

(2)

(Distancing)
(3)

(Emphasizing the positive)

(4)

(Self-blame)
(5)

(Tension-reduction)
(6)

(Self-isolation)

2)

77

3)

(Mixed problem
and emotion focused coping)
(Seeking social support)
3



(Lazarus & Folkman. 1988 : 31-33)
8

(1)

(Confrontive coping)

(2)
(distancing)


78

(3) (SelfControlling)

(4)
(Seeking social support)

(5)

(Accepting responsibility)

(6)
(Escape-Avoidance)

(7)
(Planful problem solving)


79
2

(8)

(Positive reappraisal)

(Facilitate)

3.

80

. 2548 : 33-44)
3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.3

3.1.4

3.1.5

81

3.1.6

3.1.7

3.1.8

3.1.9

3.2
5
3.2.1

3.2.2

Bioenergetic

Progressive Relaxation

3.2.3

3.2.4

82

3.2.5

(Self-help group)
3.3

3.3.1

1)

3-5

83

2)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

84

(5)

(6)

3)

(Endorphin)


15-20



85

4)

3.3.2

1)

(Muscle Relaxation Training)

(Muscle
Relaxation)





86

Reciprocal inhibition

()

2)

(Visual Imagery Training)

3)

87

(Hyperventilation)

4)

(Autogenic Training) Autogenic

(Selfregulation Self-generation

Autogenic Training

88

5)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)




(5)

89

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

90

3.3.3 3

1)

5
()

2)


91

3)

(1)

(2)

92

(3)



93

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

3.4.4

94

3.4.5

3.5

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3


95

3.5.4

3.5.5

3.5.6

. 2542

39)
3.6

3.6.1

 96

3.6.2

2-3

20

45)

. 2541 :

3.7

2
(

2542 : 55-56)

3.7.1

97

4
-


2-3
2

3.7.2

1


-
-

98

 99
-

3.8

2
2548 : 42)

3.8.1

(Direct action)




4
1)

2)

3)

4)

3.8.2

100

2
1)

2)

3.9
(Lazarus. 1984 : 141-154)


3.9.1
(Problem-focused coping method)

101

3.9.2
(Emotional-focused coping method)


102
5
1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

-

4

4.

(Raggatt. 1991 : 12)

93 23-66

 103

(White. 1996 : Abstract)

Massachusetts 153

(Jackson. 1996 : Abstract)

104

(2535 : )

(2537 : )

814

(2540 :

410
610


105
74.9
39.5
4.6
69.2 36.2
2.1

85.0

87.4

5




-

(2540 : )

10

 (p< 0.05)

106

42.1 %

/
/

(2541 : )

7.5 %

(14.1%)

9 (11.3%)

(9.9%)
(3.9%)

38.3 %

(56.8%)
2 (52.3%)

107

(46.3%)

(18.7%)
4
(22.3%) (13.9%)




3
(52.3%) (51.2%)
(42.8%)

(p< 0.05)

(p< 0.05)

108

(2541 : )

27.0

3
/ (82.2%)
(54.8%)
(25.6%)

(70.4 %)

(65.2 %)

/ (62.6 %)

(2544 : )

24.7


91

9

5

2 4.3

109

3.8

3
93.4
92.7

89.4

(2542 : )

/ /

(2543 : )

8

4

110

(2546 : )

(2546 :

(2547 : )

111