t

tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm (jrefrmEdkifiH)
zGHUNzdK;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI azmifa';&Sif; (Foundation for Development Cooperation) ESifh yl;aygif; ACTED ESifh
EGrf;yg;olrsm;uGef,uftwGufbPfvkyfief;tzGJU (Banking with the Poor Network) wdkUrS xkwfa0onf/
twdkaumufpum;vHk;rsm;
ACTED enf;ynmyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;ESifh zGHjzdK;a&;at*sifpD (Agency for Technical Cooperation And Development)
AMDA tm&S q&m0efrsm;toif; (Association of Medical Doctors of Asia)
ASEAN (tmqD,H) ta&SUawmiftm&S EdkifiHrsm;toif; (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
BWTP EGrf;yg;olrsm;twGuf bPfvkyfief; (Banking With The Poor)
CARE ae&mtESHU taxmuftyHhESifh u,fq,fa&; or0g,r (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)
CBO &yf&Gm todkif;t0dkif; tajccH tzGJUtpnf; (Community-based Organization)
CGAP tEGrf;yg;qHk;olrsm;udk ulnD&eftwGuf twdkifyifcHtzGJU (Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest)
CMLF &yf&Gm todkif;t0dkif; pDrHcefYcGJaom acs;aiG taxmuftyHhrsm; (Community-managed loan funds)
GDP jynfwGif; tom;wif xkwfukef (Gross Domestic Product)
GONGO tpdk;&u zGJUpnf;ay;xm;aom tpdk;& r[kwfonfh tzGJUtpnf; (Government-organized Non-governmental
organization)
GRET okawoeESifh enf;ynmzvS,fa&; tzGJU (Groupe de recherche et d'changes technologiques)
FAO urmh pm;eyf&dumESifh pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU (Food and Agriculture Organization)
HDI vlrIzGUHjzdK;a&; pDrHudef; (Human Development Initiative)

LIFT toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh pm;eyf&dumvHkjcHKa&; ,HkMunfrI &efyHkaiG (Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund)
LNGO a'ocH tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; (Local Non-Governmental Organization)
MADB jrefrmhv,f,m zGHUjzdK;a&; bPf (Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank)
MCS jrefrmEdkifiH a<uxnfajrxnf tzGJUtpnf; (Myanmar Ceramic Society)
MFI tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&; tzGJUtpnf; (Microfinance Institution)
MFWG tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI tvkyftzGJU (Microfinance Working Group)
MIS pDrHcefYcTJrI qdkif&m owif; (Management Information System)
MISFA tmz*efepweftwGuf tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&; &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI taxmuftyHh (Microfinance Investment
Support Facility for Afghanistan)
MoU em;vnfrI pmcRefvTm (Memorandum of Understanding)
MMK jrefrmusyfaiG (Myanmar Kyat)
NGO tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; (Non-Governmental Organization)
PACT twlwuG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf&dSaom yk*vdu at*sifpDrsm; (Private Agencies Collaborating Together)
PAR qHk;&HI;&ef tE&m,f&dSaeaom acs;aiG (Portfolio at Risk)
PONJA em*pftvGef yl;wGJtuJjzwfcsuf (Post-Nargis Joint Assessment)
PONREPP em*pftvGef wHkYjyefcsufESifh jyifqifrI pDrHcsuf (Post-Nargis Response and Preparedness Plan)
SHG udk,ftm;udk,fudk;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (Self-help groups)
SME tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm; pDf;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; (Small and Medium Enterprises)
TCG oHk;yGifhqdkif A[kdtzGJU (Tripartite Core Group)
UNDP ukvor*zGHNzdK;rI tpDtpOf (United Nations Development Program)

aiGaMu;vJvS,frIEIef;
1 US$ jrefrmusyfaiG 1000 usyf (2009 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvtwGif; ysrf;rQEIef;xm;)
1,000 MMK (average rate in November 2009)

1/ jrefrmEdkifiH taxGaxG jcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf

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EdkifiHjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm jrpfrsm;ESifh acsmif;BuD;rsm; jzwfoef;oGm;aom ae&mrsm;wGif (ZGefv rS Mo*kwfvtxd)
rkwfoHk&moDumv tv,fwGif jrpfa&vQHjcif;ESifh urf;NydKjcif;rsm; yHkrSefjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonf/ qdkifuvHk;rkefwdkif;ESifh
ivsifrsm; tvGef jzpfEdkifajc &Sdonf/
jrefrmhordkif;wGif xdckdufqHk;&IH;rItrsm;qHk;jzpfymG ;cJhonfh obm0ab;tE&m,frsm;teuf wpfckrSm 2008 ckESpf
arvqef;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'owGif; odkUem*pfqkdifuvkef; rkefwdkif;0ifa&muf cJU&mwGif
vlaygif; 2.. 4 oef;cefYrQ\toufarG0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; &yfwefUoGm;apum aemufxyf vlaygif; 140,000 udk
toufqHk;&IH;apcJhonf/
em*pfrkefwdkif;tay: EdkifiHwum todkif; t0dkif;\ wkYHjyefcsufrSm EdkifiH\ ordkif;wGif rMuHKpzl; xl;uJvSay&m
rkefwdkif;oifha'orsm;wGif jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwum ulnDaxmufyHhrI tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ydkrdka&mufvm &ef
vrf;ay;EdkifcJhMuayonf/

yHkH 1 jrefrmEdkifiH ajryHkESifh zGJUpnf; wnfaqmufyHk

jynfe,fESifYwdkif; 14ckom&Sdygonf/
odkY&mwGif&Srf;jynfe,fudk jynfe,fcGJ 3ckESifY yJcl;wdkif;udk wdkif;cGJ (2)ck cGJxm;ygonf/
NrdKUe,f 330 &SdonfYteuf 33 NrdKUe,fonf NrdKUjy? 3 NrdKUe,fonf aus;vufjzpfNyD; 294 NrdKUe,fonf
a&maESmaeygonf/

pmudk;- MIMU ? 2009

Z,m; 1 jrefrmEdkifiH\ vlOD;a&qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;
vlOD;a& pkpkaygif; 58,510,000 (ysrf;rQ touf 29 ESpf)
qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIrsOf;aMumif;1atmufbuf&Sd cefYrSef; vlOD;a& 19,308,300 (2007 ckESpfvlOD;a&\ 33 &mcdkif;EIef;)
qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIrsOf;aMumif; atmufbuf&Sd cefYrSef; tdrfaxmifpk 3,329,017
aiGacs;,l&ef tcGifhtvrf; vdktyfaeaom cefYrSef; vlOD;a& 4,000,000 0ef;usif
aus;vufawme,f&Sd vlOD;a& 70 &mckdifEIef;
tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI &&Sdaeaom vlOD;a& 385,283 (pufwifbm 2009)
tdrfwGif;pufrIvufrI vkyfief; pkpkaygif; 60,000 0ef;usif
rdk;pyg; wpf{u pdkufysdK;xGef&uf&ef ukefusp&dwf jrefrmusyfaiG 100 ESifh 150,`000 (tar&duefa':vm 100 rS 150)
aiGaMu;vJvS,fEIef; w&m;0ifEIef;xm; - jrefrmusyfaiG 6. 1 ? tar&duefa':vm
aps;uGufEIef;xm; - jrefrmusyfaiG 1000 ? tar&duef a':vm
(ysrf;rQ? Edk0ifbm 2009) 2
pmudk; - 2008ckESpf tmqD,H udef;*Pef;rsm;? MFWG ? tdrfwGif;pufrIvufrIvkyfief; Xme? UNDP ?
awGUqHkar;jref;csufrsm;/
2/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI u@
2. 1/ a0g[m&toHk;tEIef;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI vkyfief;udk t"dyg,fzGifYqdk xm;aom Oya' odkYr[kwf
rl0g'rsm; r&Sdao;yg/ tpD&ifcHpmwGif tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI vkyfief;wGif yg0ifywfoufvsuf&dSolrsm;
toHk;jyKaeMuonfh pum; ESifhtnD atmufyg a0g[m&udk toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/
tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI onf EGrf;yg;aom vkyfief;&Sifrsm;tm; acs;aiG&,lcGifU ay;jcif;jzpfjyD;
tcgtm;avQmfpGm tepfemcHvkyfudkifol 0efxrf;rsm;ESifU tzGJUtpnf;rsm;3 (MFIs) yg0ifavh&Sdonf/ MFI rS
acs;aiGrsm; xkwfay; jyefvnfaumufcH ygu tzGJUtpnf; rS wqifU tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifjcif; }}[k uREkfyfwdkY
oHk;EIef;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
&yf&Gmtodkif;t0dkif;u pDrHcefYcGJaom acs;aiGrsm; ( Community-managed loan funds - CMLF)onf tpktzGJU
i,frsm;\tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; aiGacs;jcif;udk tzGJUtpnf;wpfckrS pDrHcefYcGJjcif;xuf tzGJU0ifrsm; ukd,fwdkif xda&mufpGm
pDrHcefYcGJonfU pepfjzpfonf/ 4if; &efyHkaiGrsm; onf vnfywfaeaom &efyHkaiG? udk,fhtm;udk,fudk; aus;&Gm bPf?
aiGpkaiGacs;toif;4(accumulating savings and credit associations - ASCAs)tp&Sdaom emrnf trsdK;rsdK;jzifY
&nfnTef;Muonf/ xdkvkyfief;rsm;tm; tpD&ifcHpmwpfavQmufvHk;wGif &nfnTef;xm;onfU
tao;pm;acs;aiG0efaqmifrI udef;*Pef;rsm;wGifrl yg0ifjcif; r&dSyg/
1 wpf&ufvQif tar&duef 1 a':vmatmuf aexdkifvsuf&Sdaom vlOD;a&/
2 tpD&ifcHpmwGif tar&duef 1 a':vm = jrefrmaiG 1000 usyf EIef;udk toHk;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
3 tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI twGuf Oya' odkYr[kwf rl0g'rsm; r&Sdxm;onfhtwGuf tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI tzGJYtpnf;rsm;(MFIs)onf
oD;jcm;Xmetjzpf r&Sday/ tpD&ifcHpm trsdK;pm;atmufwGif rwlnDaom vrf;aMumif; rsm;jzifh tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI tpDtpOfrsm;
aqmif&Gufvkyfudkifaeolrsm;udk qkdvdkonf/
4 CGAP Focus Note No.36, Community-Managed Loan Funds: which ones work? May 2006

 aiGom; axmufyHUaiG onf tE&m,fusa&mufEdkifaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;tm; vSL'gef;jcif;jzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif

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jyefvnftpm;xdk;Edkif&eftwGuf aiGom; axmufyhHaiGrsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf/ ay;aiGyrmPESifh tusdK;cHpm;&ol
a&G;cs,fa&; owfrSwfcsufrsm;rSm tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum;wGif trsdK;rsdK;uGm jcm;vsuf&Sdonf/ (tar&duefa':vm 30
rS 100 twGif;)/
2.2/ tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIu@\ordkif;jcHKiHkaz:jycsuf
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf jcif;tm; [efUwm;vQuf&SdonfU pnf;urf;wpfckrSm
aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; taygifrJU acs;aiGxkwfay;cGifhrjyKjcif;yif jzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH
aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; Oya't& acs;aiGtrsdK;tpm;tm;vHk;twGuf tdrfjcHajrrsm;udk jzpfapyHkao
tyfxm;aombPfpm&if;ao5udkjzpfap tmrcHay; &ef vdktyfonf/
tmrcHray;Edkifaom ti,fpm;ESifh tao;pm;vkyfief;&Sif oef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdkYonf ysrf;rQvpOf twdk;EIef; 20
&mcdkifEIef;0ef;usifjzifh aeUwdk;ay;ol rsm;ESifh taygifqdkifrsm;tay:rSDcdktm;xm; ae&onf/ v,f,mvkyfom;rsm;ESifh
tvkyform;rsm;rSmvnf; v,f,majrydkif&Sifrsm;xHrS tvm;wl twdk;EIef;jzifh aiGaMu;rsm;acs;iSm;Muonf/6
tqdkyg pnf;rsOf;Oya' t[efUtwm;udk pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk tm;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jrefrm EdkifiHwGif
1997ckESpf txl;em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmjzifh jyXmef;xm;onfh a&SUajy; pDrHudef;wpfckjzpfaom ukvor*zGHUNzdK;rI tpD
tpOf (UNDP) \ vlrIzGHNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; (Human Development Initiative - HDI) jzifhf tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI pDrHudef;
udk pwif rdwfqufay;cJhonf/
HDI \ wpfpdwfwpfa'otjzpf Grameen Trust, u jrpf0uRef;ay: a'o ({&m0wDwdkif;)? tylydkif;a'oESifh
&Srf;jynfe,fwdkY wGifGRET ESifh PACT wdkYuJhodkY tpdk;& r[kwfaom tzGJU tpnf;trdsK;rsdK;wdkYrSwpfqifh tao;pm; aiGaMu;
tawmfrsm;rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:cJhygonf/ aemufydkif;wGif tpdk;& r[kwfaom tjcm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf;
,if; wdkY\ ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avsmhyg;apa&; Mum;0ifaqmif&GufrI wpfpdwfwa'otjzpf tao;pm;
aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk pwifcJhMuonf/
2006 ckESpf rwfvrS pwif PACT onf vlodrsm;aom tao;pm;aiGaMu; ay;tyfoljzpfvmonfESifhtnD
ukvor*zGHUNzdK;rItpDtpOf\ tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIpDrHudef; twGuf wpfckwnf;aom vufcGJ uefx&dkuf
tjzpf a&G;cs,fcHcJh&onf/
2009 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif (tpdk;& r[kwfaom EdkifiHwum tzGJUtpnf; ig;zGJUESifh yk*vduukrPDwpfck) aygif;)
aqmif&Gufol 6 OD;wdkYonf txl; em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmjzifh tzGUJ tpnf; tao;pm;aiGaMu;yHkpH 0efaqmifrI udk
EdkifiHtwGif; aqmif&GufcJhonf/
tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI u@onf (trsdK;orD; tenf;qHk; 90 % cefY yg0ifaom) tzGJU0ifaygif; 385,000
ausmftm; pkpkaygif; t&if;ESD; tar&duefa':vm 27 oef; 0ef;usifjzifh vwfwavmwGif 0efaqmifrI ay;vsuf
&Sdonf/ yx0Dtaetxm;t& jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd NrdKUe,faygif; 330 teufrS aus;&Gmaygif; 6000 0ef;usifudk
udk,fpm;jyKaom 46 NrdKUe,fwGif tzGJUtpnf; yHkpHtao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI &&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/
5 jrefrmEdkifiH aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; Oaya'? 1990jynfhESpf Zlvdkif 4 &ufaeYpGJyg EdkifiHawmf Nidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU
Oya' trSwf 16^90
6 oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU\ 2008 'DZifbmvwGif xkwfa0aom em*pf yHkrSef oHk;oyfcsuf 1 ESifh 2009 Zefe0g&DvwGif xkwfa0aom em*pf
tvGef vlrIa&; dkufcwfrI apmifhMunfhMuyfrwfjcif;? awGUqHkar;jref;csufrsm;

Z,m; 2 - jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; 2009 ckESpf pufwifbmv wGif tzGUJ tpnf;yHkpH tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI

aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;
tzGJUtpnf;

pwif
aqmif&Guf

yx0Dtaetxm;

vuf&Sd acs;iSm;
aeol ta&
onfhckESpf
twGuf
1,510

trsdK;orD; pkpkaygif; acs;aiG

&mcdkifEIef; t&if;ESD;yrmP
(jrefrmusyfaiG)

AMDA

2002

rEav;wdkif; - 1 AMDA \ NGO

NrdKUe,f? 37 aus;&Gm tpDtpOfrS
tusdK;cHpm;
xdkufolrsm;

100%

55,109,960
(55,109 US$)

GRET

1995

csif;jynfe,f
aus;vuf a'orS
(ajrmufydkif;)EGrf;yg;olrsm;
4NrdKUe,f? 86 aus;&Gm

4,332

57%

300,313,000
(300,313 US$)

PACT

1997

rEav;? ppfudkif;?
&Srf;? jrpf0uRef;ay:?
rauG;- 22 NrdKUe,f?
4,568 aus;&Gm

319,744

93%

24,513,000,000
(24,513,000 US$)

2005

rauG;- 4 NrdKUe,f?
201 aus;&Gmtkyfpk
476 aus;&Gm

33,713

100%

1,396,493,000
(1,396,493 US$)

2002

&efukef e,fedrdwf 5 NrdKUwGif;a'o

NrdKUe,f
ywfvnf&Sd
EGrf;yg;aom
trsdK;orD;rsm;

16,656

100%

400,000,000
(400,000 US$)

1997

weoFm&Dwdkif; - 1 EGrf;yg;olESifhtv,f 1,197

NrdKUe,f? 25 aus;&Gm tvwfEGrf;yg;ol
wpfOD;csif;pDtm;
tao;pm;vkyfief;rsm;
tm; e,fajrtwGif;
pwifjcif;odkYr[kwf csJUxGif
jcif;jyKvkyfEdkif&ef

75%

165,077,000
(165,077 US$)

1998

&efukef? rEav;? EGrf;yg;aom

8,131
{&m0wDe,fedrdwfrsm; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;?
&Srf;? u&ifESifh
tjcm;aom WV
rGefjynfe,f 9
tpDtpOfrsm;rS
NrdKUe,f
tusdK;cHpm;xdkufolrsm;
385 283

71%

1,000,000,000
(1,000,000 US$)

93%

27,829,992,960
(27,829,992 US$)

(UNDP
projects)

PACT (non
UNDP)

Save the
Children
(Dawn
Microfinance

&nfrSef;vlOD;a&

EGrf;yg;olrsm;\
tao;pm;
vkyfief;rsm;
wkd;wufvmap&ef
/

Program)
Total (Yadana
Suboo
Microfinance)

World Vision

pkpkaygif;

tjcm;aom; tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHtcsdKUESifh EIdif;,SOfygu atmufazmfjyygZ,m;t& jrefrmEdkifiH\ tao;pm;

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em*pftNyD; jrpf0uRef;ay:a'orS tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
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bPf yHkwlyGm;jcif; pDrHudef;udk atmifjrifpGm NyD;qHk;cJhojzifhtjcm;aom EdkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;
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vTJajymif;ay;tyfcJhonf/ PACT onf jrpf0uRef;ay: a'owGif tusdK;cHpm;ol 133,000 ausmf? ay;qyf&ef usef&dSqJ
tar&duefa':vm 5 oef;ausmf &if;ESD;jrSyfEHSrIESifh ay;qyfaiG EIef;xm; 98 % jzifh tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;
vkyfief; jzefYusufrIudk tvGefatmifjrifpGm csJUxGifEdkifchJonf/
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tpm;xdk;&eftwGuf wif&Sdaeaom ta<u;yrmPuvnf; rvTJra&Smifom wdk;yGm;vmcJhMu&ayonf/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;
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aiGacs;iSm;olrsm;u rwefwq twdk;EIef;rsm;jzifh aiGacs;ay;rIuom OD;aqmifoGm;cJhygonf/
odomxif&Sm;aom jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwum qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wkHYjyefcsufrsm;\aus;Zl;aMumihfh
jrpf0uRef;ay:a'oonf tvGefrsm;jym;vSaom u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; aiGaMu;axmufyHhrIrsm;
&&SdcJhonf/ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;rIrsm;udk t&Sdeft[kefjrSifhwif&efESifh
a'opD;yGm;a&;taqmufttHkudk t&SnfwnfwHhatmif jyefvnfwnf aqmuf &eftwGuf tao;pm; aiGaMu;
axmufyhHa&;onf toHk;0ifaom ud&d,mwpfckjzpfaMumif; ulnDaxmufyHhrI ay;aeol rsm;u vufcHxm;Muonf/
em*pftvGef jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wGif tao;pm;aiGaMu; axmufyHa&;\ aemufqHk;
atmifjrifrIonf wpfEdkifiHvHk;tqifhwGifyg tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;u@ ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmonftxd
OD;aqmifoGm;Edkifvdrfhrnf[kvnf; arQmfvifhxm;ygonf/
EdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;? ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;toif; (ASEAN) ESifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&wdkY yl;aygif;
zGJUpnf; vdkufaom em*pftvGef wHkYjyefcsufESifh jyifqifrI pDrHcsuf (Post-Nargis Response and Preparedness Plan - PONREPP) u
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&ef owfrSwfumv oHk;ESpf[k jyXmef;cJhygonf/ 2009 ckESpf
Zefe0g&DvrS 2010 jynfhESpf 'DZifbmvtxdumvtwGif;
PONREPP onf ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;ESifh apmapmydkif;umv jyefvnf xla xmifa&;rS tv,ftvwfumv
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wdkYMum;toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvtwGuf pifjrifhwpf&yfudk zefwD; ay;cJhonf/ 2008 ckESpf
pufwifbmv uwnf;u PONREPP wGif yg0ifvsuf&dSaomzGJUpnf;yHk oHk;&yfudk pkpnf;ay;cJhonfh oHk;yGifhqdkfifA[kdtzGJU
(TCG)u qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;'Pfoifh vltrsm;\ tajctaeudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;jyKvkyfcJhygonf/
2008 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif xkwfa0cJhonfh PONREPP \ aemuftusqHk; tpD&ifcHpm7t& jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umv
oHk;ESpftwGufvdktyfaomaiGyrmPrSm tar&duefa':vm 690. 5 oef;jzpfNyD; ,if;yrmPteufrS 189 oef;udk
atmufygwdkYtygt0iftoufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf cGJa0NyD;jzpfonf/
7 2008

'DZifbmvwGif xkwfa0aom oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU\ em*pftvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifrI pDrHcsuf tpD&ifcHpm/

 tar&duefa':vm oef; 50 tm; axmufyhHaMu;aiGtjzpf OD;pGmowfrSwfxm;onf/ odkYaomf tqifhwGifrl

wdusaomtusdK;&v'fESifhcsdwfqufxm;jcif; r&Sday/
tar&duefa':vm 12.2 oef;udkrl acs;aiG&&SdEdkifrI? txl;ojzifh tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&; wdk;wufaumif;rGef
vmap&eftwGufowfrSwfxm;onf/ (toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; tydkif;rS tusdK;&v'f 6 rSm ]]acs;aiGrsm;
&&SdEdkifrIydkrdkaumif;rGefvm&mrSwpfqifh? txl;ojzifh tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHa&;rSwpfqifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;wdk;jrSifh&ef}} jzpfonf/)
rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl ,if;wdkY\ yHkrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;wGif tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyhHrItm;
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; twGuft"duusaom ud&d,mwefqmyvmwpfck[k azmfjyxm;cJhonfhwdkif 2009 ckESpf
atmufwdkbmvwGifrl PONREPP \ OD;pm;ay; vkyfief;pDrHcsufrSZlvdkifv 2010 ckESpftxdtao;pm;aiaG
Mu;axmufyHha&;tpDtpOfudk z,f&Sm;ypf&e f TCG u tMuHjyKcJhonfrSm tHhMozG,faumif;vSayonf8/
xdktwGuf taMumif;jycsuf ESpfcsufrSm (1) t&SnfwnfwHhatmif xdef;odrf; xm;Edkifaom tao;pm;
aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;9udktxajrmufap&eftwGuf owfrSwfumvrSm wdkawmif;vGef;jcif; (2) EdkifiH twGif;wGif
tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHhrItwGuf w&m;0ifrlabmifowfrSwfcsuf r&Sdjcif;wdkYyifjzpfonf/ qHk;jzwfcsuftm;
tao;pm; aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI yPmrajcvSrf;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu;aiG r&Sdjcif;[k t"dym,fzGifhqkdrnfqdkygu
tvGef pdk;&drf&aom tE&m,fESpfck&Sdonf yxrwpfckrSm jyifyrS aqmif&Gufaom axmufyHhaMu;jzefYjzL;a&;pepfrS yHkoGif;rIESifh w&m;r0if aiGacs;olrsm;xH
tvGef trif;a<u;wifjcif; t[efYtwm;wdkYaMumifh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'otwGuf pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;rSm t&SnfwnfwHhatmifxdef;rxm;Edkifaom tajctaeodkY a&muf&SdoGm;Edkifonf/
'kwd,tcsufrSmrl (aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI&&SdEdkifpGrf;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;BudK;yrf;rI t&Sdeft[kefwdkYjzifh zefwD;xm;
aom)a'owGif;ESifh EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;udk azmfaqmif&eftwGuf tcGifhtvrf;udk
qHk;&HI;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
tao;pm; aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;tm; jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; BudK;yrf;&mwGif vnf;aumif;? jrefrm
EdkifiHwpf0Sef;vHk;wGif t&SnfwnfwHhatmif xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifaom zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufrIudk jrSifhwif,l&mwGifvnf;aumif;
cGJxkwfr&Edkifaom tpdwfydkif;wpfcktjzpf Munhfjrif oifhNyD; taxmuftyHh tultnD enf;AsL[mrsm;ESifh avsmfnDpGm
OD;pm;ay;owfrSwfoifhonf/
2. 3 tzGJUpnf;yHkpH tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;\ xl;jcm;aom vuPmrsm;ESifh tawGUtMuHKrsm;
uGyfuJa&;rlabmif
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vuf&Sd tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;rsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufol wpfOD; tm; oD;jcm;
ay;tyfxm;aomcGifhjyKcsufrsm;ay:wGif tajccHaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ onfrSm tao;pm; aiGaMu;
0efaqmifrI vkyfudkif oltoD;oD;uvkyfief;ydkif;qdkif&m 0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh vufrSwfa&;xkd;xm;onfU em;vnfrI
pmcRefvTm rsm; (MOU)jzifh vkyfudkifonfh yHkpHjzpfonf/
,if;tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; onf uGyfuJc H b@ma&;u@xJodkY t"du pD;0if&m vrf;aMumif;
r[kwfao;aomfjim;vnf; udp&yf wpfckcsif;tvdkuf tpdk;& uvkyfudkifcGifhay;xm;onfU oabm oufa&mufygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; oD;jcm; pnf;rsOf;rsm; r&Sdao;yg/
8 2009 'DZifbmvwGif xkwfa0aom oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU\ em*pftvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihf BudKwifjyifqifrI pDrHcsuf em*pf
qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;rS touf&Sifusef&pfolrsm;\ r&dSrjzpf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk udkifwG, f&ef OD;pm;ay; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf tpD&ifcHpm
9 oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU\ vkyfydkifcGifhrSm 2010 Zlvdki fvwGif NyD;qHk;oGm;awmhrnfjzpfonf/ ,if;aemufykdif;wGif rnfolu qufvufNyD;
OD;aqmifoGm;vdrfhrnfudk ,aeYxufwdkif rodMu ao;yg/ 2010 ESpfukefydkif;wGif vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyJGrsm;udk usif;yoGm;rnfh tvm;tvm
u tajctaeudk ydkqdk;vmapEdki fonfh tcsufyifjzpfonf/

tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIOya' rlMurf;wpf&yfudk 1990 jynfhvGef ESmif;ydkif;umvwGif a&;qGJcJhaomfvnf;

,aeYxufwdkif twnfjyKjyXmef;Edkifjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
tajctaerS 2010 ukefqHk;onftxd ajymif;vJ&ef tvm;tvm r&dSacs/ vwfwavmwGif b@ma&;0efaqmifrI
aqmif&Gufjcif;udk A[dkbPfuom 1990 jynfhESpf aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; Oya'\ rlabmiftwGif;rS
uGyfuJvsuf&dSygonf/
1990jynfhESpf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf A[dkbPfOya' t& wnfaxmifxm;aom jrefrmEdkifiH awmf A[dkbPfonf
yk*vduydkifESifh tpdk;&ydkifaiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;tay:BuD;MuyfuGyfuJa&;tcGifhtmPmudk
ydkifqkdifonf/ rnfonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rqdk A[kdbPf\ vkyfief;cGifhjyKcsufudk &,l&efvdktyfonf/ 1990
jynfhESpf aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; Oya't& ]]aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;qdkonfrSm wwd,tzGJUrsm;rS
aiGt&if;tESD;rsm;udk pkaqmif;um acs;aiGvkyfief;? acs;aiGESifha<u;NrDpmcsKyf pmwef;rsm;? tpk&S,f,m
vufrSwfrsm;ESifh tjcm;aom cGifUjyKcsuf &&Sdonfh b@ma&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif rdrdtrnfjzifY &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrItwGuf
aiGaMu; odkYr[kwf aps;uGufrsm;udk Mum;0ifaqmif&Guf&ef&nf&G,fNyD; EdkifiHawmftwGif; wnfaxmifxm;aom
pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;jzpfonf/}}
aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh 4if;wdkY\ 0efaqmifrIvkyfief; rsm;udk Oya'u trsdK;tpm;cGJay;xm;onf/
pD;yGm;a&;bPfrsm;\ t"duvkyfief; onf oufwrf;wpfESpfatmuf tyfESHaiGrsm;udk pkaqmif;jyD; umvwdk aiGrsm;udk
xkwfacs;jcif;jzpfonf/
&ifESD;jrKyfESHrIESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrsm;\ t"duvkyfief; onf tcsdefumv wpfESpfxufydkaom tcsdefydkif; tyfESHaiGrsm;
udkpkaqmif;jyD;yHkaoESifY vSnfUywf &efyHkaiGrsm; twGuf aiGacs;jcif; jzpfonf/
b@ma&; ukrPDrsm;onf trsm;jynfolrsm; \tyfESHaiG r[kwfonfU &efyHkaiGrsm;jzifU ukefpnfESifY 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk
0,f,l&efaiGacs;jcif;jzpfonf/
aiGpkaiGacs;toif;rsm; onf rdrd (tzGJU0if rsm;xHrS pkaqmif;xm;aom aiGaMu;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjyD; rdrdwdkU
tzJGU0ifrsm; (wpfOD;csif;)pm;oHk;&ef? ukefxkwfvkyf&ef? ukefoG,f&ef aiGacs;jcif;udk t"du aqmif&Gufonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI qdkif&m oD;jcm;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;rsm;? (em;vnfrI pmcRefvTmrsm;rS ty) r&Sdao;ojzifY
MFI rsm;onfA[dkbPfOya't& wwd,trsdK;tpm;jzpfaom b@ma&;ukrPD trsdK;tpm; atmufodkY a&muf&SdaejyD;
trsm;jynfolxHrStyfESHaiGrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef wm;jrpfjcif;cH&onf/ xdkYtjyif b@ma&; ukrPDrsm; onf twkd;EIef;
uefYowfcsufrsm;&Sdonf/
vuf&SdtcsdefwGif jrefrmEdkifiHawmfA[dkbPfonf aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ twdk;EIef;udk pkaqmif;aiGrsm;
tay:aiGaMu;azmif;yGrIrjzpfrD 12&mckdifEIef;ESifh xkwfacs;aiG10tay:17 &mckdifEIef; owfrSwfxm;onf/ 2008 ckESpf
EdkifiH\aiGaMu;azmif;yGrI cefUrSef; 30 &mcdkifEIef;rQ&SdojzifU cHEdkif&nf&SdEdkifaom tqifhrsm; r[kwfay/
uefUowftwdk;EIef; twdkif;vkyfief; vnfywfp&dwfudk rumrdonfh twGuf twdk;EIef; MFI rsm;\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk
av;eufpGm [efUwm;vQuf &Sd\/
EIdif;,SOfazmfjy&vQif urmtEHSU tao;pm;acs;aiGtwGuf vuf&Sd ysrf;rQtwdk;EIef;rSm 28 &mcdkifEIef;110ef;usifjzpfjyD;
xdkEIef;xm;onfMFI rsm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk umrdapjyD; ,if;wdkY\ 0efaqmifrIrsm;a&&Snf wnfjrJa&;ESifh
wdk;csJUEdkifa&; twGuf vdktyfonfUtqifU jzpfaMumif;,lq Muonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHawmf A[dkbPf Oya'? EdkfifiHawmf Nidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU Oya'trSwf 15^90? 1990jynfhESpf? Zlvdkif 2&uf/
EIef;xm;rsm;rSm 2006ckESpf {NyDvuwnf;u twnfjzpfvsuf&dSonf/
10

11 www.cgap.org,

average at in 2008

aiGwdk;acs;ol rsm;ESifh jyify aiGacs;ol rsm;\ twdk;EIef; xuf vGefpGm avsmhenf; aomtwdk;EIef;rsm;jzifhom MFI
rsm;onf tEGrf;yg;qHk;olrsm;ESifh bPfacs;aiG r&SdEdkif aom vkyfief;&Sifrsm;xH a&muf&Sda&;udk vufvSrf;rDEdkif
vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
aiGa&;aMu;a&;Oya'yg t[efUtwm;rsm; t& vuf&Sd tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrIvkyfvdk olrsm;u
,if;wdkY\tao;pm;tpDtpOftm; MFI tjzpf ajymif;vJrI rSwfyHkwifjcif;udk rjyKvdkMuay/
aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;tzGJUtpnf; yHkpH tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIudk vuf&Sd aqmif&Gufaeol 6 OD; &Sdygonf/
tpdk;&r[kwfaom EdkifiHwum tzGJUtpnf;ig;zGJU (AMDA, GRET, PACT, Save the Children ESihf World Vision )onf
,if;wdkY\ ydkrdk us,fjyefYaom toufarG;0rf; aMumif;tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf vdktyfonfU tao;pm; aiGaMu;
axmufyHhrIudk wGJzufaqmif&Gufvsuf&SdNyD; yk*vduvkyfief;wpfck (&wempkbl;tao;pm; aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;rS
wpfqifU Total a&eHukrPD) onf ,if; ukrPDu vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufvsuf&dSaom a'owGif; vlrIpD;yGm;a&;
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItpDtpOf\ tpdwftydkif;wpf&yftjzpf tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI vkyfief;rsm;udk
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/ UNDP \udk,fpm;vS,f PACT onf acs;aiGudk trsm;vufvSrf;rDatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIESifh
MuD;rm;aomacs;aiGyrmP aMumifh ,cktcsdeftxd tBuD;rm;qHk; aqmif&Gufoltjzpf &yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf/ a'ocH
tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm; taejzifY txl;ojzifh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; twGuf
axmufyHhaMu;rsm;ESifhCMLF wdkYudk aqmif&Gufvsuf &dSaomfvnf; tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI udk rnfonfh a'ocH
tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;urQ vkyfaqmifae jcif; r&dSacs/
A[kdbPf12tqkdt& uGyfuJcH tzGJUtpnf; trsm;tjym;rSm jrefrmusyfaiG 1 oef; (tar&duefa':vm 100 000
ESifhnDrQonf)rSpwifum vkyfief;i,frsm;twGuf tmrcH &,ljyD; xkwfacs;onfU vkyfief;rsm;wGuf yg0ifonf/ ,if;wGif
jrefrmUtao;pm; acs;aiG vkyfief;? jrefrmh v,f,mzGUHjzdK;a&; bPf? jrefrmhpD;yGma&; bPfESifh A[dk
or0g,rtoif;wdkYyg0ifonf/ odkYapumrl ,if;wdkY\ wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIrSm wif;usyfaom pnf;rsOf; abmifaMumifh
tuefYtowfjzifh jzpfaeayonf/
rMumao;ciftcsdeftxd EdkifiHawmfrSom tjynfht0 csKyfudkifxm;aom t"dubPfvkyfief;u@ ESifhpyfvsOf;
yk*vdu&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolrsm;twGuf 0ifa&muf vkyfydkifcGifh twm;tqD;rsm;rSm rMumrDu avsmhusoGm;NyDjzpfonf/
odkU&mwGif tjcm;tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;13ESifhrwlbJ pD;yGm;a&; bPfrsm;udk acs;aiGt&nftaoG;ESifh aps;EIef;csay;&ef14
av;eufaomBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrItjzpf ,aeYwdkif t"dym,f rzGifhqdkEdkifao;ay/ A[dkbPfrSjzpfap? trsdK;om;
AsL[mrsm;wGifjzpfap wuf<upGmjrSifhwiftm;ay;jcif; r&Sdao; t&if;tESD;ao;aom tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
udk vwfwavmwGif bPfrsm;u pdwf0ifpm;rItenf;i,frQom &dSMuonf/ odkYaomfpHEIef; avQmhcsrI yPmr
ajcvSrf;rsm;wGif bPftcsdKUyg0ifaeonfrSm rSwfom;xm;zG,fjzpfonf/
Oyrmrsm;wGif(FAO \ yHhydk;rIjzifh) &yf&Gmtodkif;t0dkif; tajccH tzGJU tpnf; (CBO) rsm;tm; uarmZbPfrS
aiGacs;cJUjcif;?odkYr[kwf a&SUajy; vnfywf&efyHkaiG axmufyHh ay;cJhonfh yxr yk*vdubPfwdkY yg0ifonf/
xdkYtjyi fpdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;txl;jyK bPfrsm; onf pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;u@rsm; zGUHjzdK;a&;twGuf- jrefrmEdkifiH
arG;jrLa&;ESifha&vkyfief; zGHNzdK; wkd;wufa&; bPfvDrdwufESifh jrefrmUv,f,mzGHYjzdK;a&;bPf (MADB)wdkY u
tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm;pDpOfay;vsuf&Sdonf/ tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk atmufwGif (pdkufysdK;a&;
acs;iSm;rItydkif;) &Iyg/
12 Information

provided in the course of an interview with the deputy Governor

Downscaling refers to setting up microfinance component in existing bank that would reduce its loan size to reach
micro businesses
14 commercial banks treating microfinance as a profitable core business like the Hatton National Bank in Sri Lanka or
required by their government to downscale
13

bPfpHEIef;avsmhcsjcif;rSwpfqif h SMErsm;twGuf acs;aiGtcGifhtvrf;&&Sd&ef wdk;jrSifU ay;onhf tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJUtpnf;ESifh bPf tpkpyf
2008 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH a<uxnfajrxnf tzGJU (MCS) (jynfwGif; tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;)onf
a<uxnfajrxnf vkyfief;usqif;rI'Pfudk tvl;tvJ cHpm;ae&aom wGHaw;NrdKU\ aus;&Gmrsm;wGif tdk;a&mif;
olrsm;ESifh tkd;zkwfaom zdkydkif&Sif rsm;tm; yHhydk;ay;Edkif&ef pDrHudef;wpfck pwifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwum,SOfNydKifrIESifh
b@ma&;axmufyHhrI &,lEdkifpGrf; r&Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh vGefcJhaomESpfoHk;q,fcefYu tdk;zkwfzdkydkif&Sif 60 cefY&SdcJh &mrS 2008
ckESpfwGif vkyfom; 2000 0ef;usifom cefYxm;Edkifawmh onfh zdk 15 ckom usef&Sdawmhonf/
MCS u taumiftxnfazmfaom tar&duefa':vm 100,000 wef tpDtpOfu tdk;a&mif;olrsm;ESifh
tdk;zdkydkif&Sifrsm;tm; b@ma&; tcGifhtvrf;rsm; wdk;jrSifY ay;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif; a<uxnfajrxnfvkyfief;tm;
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odkYaomf GRET \ em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmESifh wkduf&dkuf pDrHcefY cGJrIatmufwGif aqmif&GufaeqJyifjzpfonf/ 2005
ckESpfwGif tjcm;NrdKUe,f wpfcku pDrHudef;twGif;odkY xnfhoGif;cJhNyD; 2008ckESpfwGif Oa&my aumfr&Sif\
taxmuftyHhjzifh oD;jcm; tao;pm; vkyfief; acs;aiGwpf&yfudk GRET u rdwfqufcJhygonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIaqmif&Gufolrsm;rSm onf 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk a&&Snfxdef;odrf;xm;Edkifaom twdk;EIef;

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wGifaexdkifNyD; pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;tay: rSDcdkae& onfh EdkifiH wpfEdkifiHwGif pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&; acs;aiG
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aps;uGufwGif pygrsm; tvQHy,fjzpfae onfhtwGuf pyg;aps;uvnf; rsm;pGm usqif;aeavh&dSwwfygonf/
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rsm;\ zufpyfvkyfief;jzpfaom a&Tu0jzpfonf/
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axmufyhHrI r&Sdjcif;udk jznfhwif;ay;&ef pdwful;jzifh tqdkygtzGJUonf v,form;rsm;udk aiGom; acs;aiGrsm;ESifh
pdkufysdK;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm; axmufyHhay;jcif;udk pwifcJhonf/
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wpf{uvQif jrefrmaiG usyf &Spfaomif;txd tqdkyg zufpyfvkyfief;u axmufyHhay;NyD; (jrefrmaiGusyf

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aqmif&Gufay; ygonf/
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&dwfodrf;csdef rwdkifrD aps;EIef; r[kwfbJ &dwfodrf;csdefaps;EIef;udkom oabmwlnDrI &,lMuonf[k qdkygonf/
15 Harvard Kennedy School, Assessment of the Myanmar Agricultural Economy February 2009

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0efaqmifrI ay;tyf&mwGif tvGefta&;ygonf/ rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl (,if;wdkYrSm CBLF acs;aiGESifh pkaqmif;aiGrsm;

CBLF

tm; &yf&Gmtodkif;t0dkif;ESifh tkyfpk0ifrsm;u wdkuf&dkuf pDrHcefYcGJvsuf&dSonf jzpf&m)vlrItzGJUtpnf; tao;pm;aiGaMu;

axmufyHha&;udk t"duxm;aom tpD&ifcHpm\ e,fy,fxJwGif xnfhoGif;&ef rjzpfEdkifay/
CARE u taumiftxnfazmfaom aus;&Gmrsm;\ aiGpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh aiGacs;toif; enf;pepfrsm;(VS & LA)
aus;&Gm aiGpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh aiGacs;toif; enf;pepfrsm; (VS&LAs) yHkpHudk Edkuf*sm (Niger)EdkifiHwGif CARE u
yxrOD;qHk; a&;qGJazmfaqmifcJhygonf/ rdrdwdkYbmom a&G;cs,fxm;aom vlrsm; pkpnf;xm;aomtzGJUrS olwdkY\
pkaqmif;aiGrsm;udk &efyHkaiGtjzpfxm;&SdNyD; tzGJU0ifrsm; acs;iSm;Edkif&ef pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a&G;cs,fxm;aom
acs;iSm;xm;olrsm;u ydkufqHudk twdk;ESifhwuGjyefqyfjcif;jzifh tkyfpk&efyHkaiG wdk;yGm;vmygonf/ xnfhoGif;xm;onfh
aiGyrmPESifh tnD acs;iSm;Edkifonfh yHkaoenf; wpf&yftajccHjzifh &efykHaiGrsm; (twdk;&&SdrI tygt0if)
tm;vHk;udkjzpfap? wpfpdwfwpfydkif;udkjzpfap tzGJU0if wpfOD;csif;pDtm; jzefYa0ay;tyf&rnfh aemufqHk;&ufudk
qifjcifvsuf tkyfpktwGuf yHkrSef pkaqmif;aiGrsm; xnfh0ifjcif;udk jyKvkyf&ygonf/
atmufazmfjyyg tajccHrl 4 &yftay:wGif tajccHvsuf CARE jrefrmonf vwfwavm enf;pepfudk
csif;jynfe,f awmifydkif;&Sd aus;&Gm 10 &GmwGif a&SUajy;aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/
jyify aiGaMu;rsm; tzGJUodkY ay;tyfjcif; r&dS/
tkyfpk0ifrsm;udk rdrdwdkYbmom a&G;cs,fjcif;/
tzGJU0ifwpfOD; vdktyfvmygu axmufyHhaMu;tjzpf ay;tyfNyD; tkyfpk tzGJU0ifrsm; tm;vHk; xnfh0ifxm;onfh
ta&;ay:aiGaMu; xm;&dSjcif;/
tkyfpktwGuf tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsufxm;&SdNyD; xdkumv ausmfvGefygu pkaqmif;aiGESihf 0ifaiGrsm;tm; 0,f,l
xm;aom &S,f,may:rlwnf cGJa0ay;rnfjzpfonf/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh onfrSm 9 v rSm 1 ESpftwGif;jzpfonf/
2009ckESpf pufwifbmvukefwGif pDrHudef;onf tar&duefa':vm 1200 ywf0ef;usif pkaqmif;xm;aom tzGJU0if
178 OD; &Sdum 4if;wdkYxJrS 81 a,muftm; jyefvnfacs;iSm;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/ vlrIa&; &efyHkaiGrSm tar&duefa':vm
100 ywf0ef;usif jzpfNyD; twdk;aiGrS tar&duefa':vm 130 pkaqmif;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/

3/ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;\ tem*wf? pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;
2010 wGifusif;y&ef pDpOfxm;onfh vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyJGonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
tygt0if axmufyHhrI r[mAsL[mrsm;tm; jyefvnf zGihfqdkcsuf wpf&yfqDtxd OD;wnfaeEdkifayonf/ tvSL &Sifrsm;
uvnf; EdkifiHtwGif; a&&Snf wnfwUHEdkifaom tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; twGuf vdktyfaom
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;jyKvkyf&ef a&G;aumufyGJwdkif apmihfqdkif;aeMurnfh tvm;tvm &Sdygonf/ tvm;wlyif?
a&G;aumufyGJtNyD;umvonf tao;pm;aiGaMu;uGyfuJrnfU rlabmif topfwpf&yfudk jzpfay:ap Edkif
vmavmufygonf/
3 . 1 tvSL&Sifrsm;\ OD;pm;ay;csufrsm;wGif aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI udk xnfhoGif;jcif;
,aeYxd tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI wdk;wufa&; udk tvSL&Sifrsm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rIrSm enf;yg;ao;onf/
odkYaomfvnf; rMumao;cifESpfrsm;twGif; tvSL&Sifrsm;\ aiGaxmufyHhjcif;onf tzGJUtpnf;yHkpHtao;pm;
aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;wdk;wufrI\ aemufuG,frS t"duwGef;tm;jzpf cJhon/f tem*wf udkMunfUygu

tao;pm;aiGaMu;u@ wGif tvSL&Sifaygif;pHk\axmufyHhrIyg0ifygonf/ touf arG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh

pm;eyf&dumvHkjcHKa&; tzGJU&efyHkaiG (LIFT) onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tvSL&Sif aygif;pkHrS ig;ESpfpm axmufyhHaMu;
tar&duefa':vm oef; 100 &SdNyD; tvSL&SiftzGJU csKyfrS xdef;csKyfonf/ yxrtokwf tqdkjyKvTmrsm; udk 2009 ckESpf
Edk0ifbmv 11 &ufaeY wGif jrpf0uRef;ay:? tylydkif;a'o? &Srf;jynfe,f?csif;jynfe,f? &ckdifjynfe,fESifh
ucsifjynfe,fwdkY&Sd OD;pm;ay; NrdKUe,f rsm;wGif pwifzdwfac:cJhonf/ tao;pm;aiGaMu; onf LIFT
\ us,fjyefYaom acgif;pOf ESpfckatmuf wGifyg0ifonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm ]]0ifaiGt&if;tjrpf udk trsdK;rsdK;rS &,ljcif;}} ESifh
]]pdkufysdK;a&; ukefxkwfvkyfrI jrSifY wif a&;}}wdkYyif jzpfonf/ wnfqJ tao;pm;aiGaMu;aqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifh
aqmif&Gufol topfrsm;tm; enf;ynm&yfqkdif&m taxmuftyHhrsm;ESifh acs;aiG &if;ESD;jrSyf ESHrI wnfjcif;jzifh LIFT
tvSL&Sif tzGJUtpnf;onf tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI tm; us,fjyefYaom qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avQmhcsa&;
r[mAsL[mwGif;&Sd t"du tydkif;udk yhHydk;ay;ygonf/ MFI onfuGyfuJrIcH,lxm;onfU aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJU
jzpfvma&;twGuf tydkif;u y"ge tcef;u@wpf&yf jzpfvmEdkifayonf/
3 . 2 wdk;wufrIudk tm;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf; pnf;rsOf;qdkif&m ywf0ef;usif
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;acs;aiG vdktyfcsufrSm tar&duefa':vm oef; 400 ESifh oef; 600 Mum; &Sdrnf[k
ukvor*zGHUNzdK;rI tpDtpOf (UNDP )u cefYrSef;xm;onf16/ tzGJUtpnf; yHkpH tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
aqmif&Gufol tenf;tusOf; \atmifjrifrI&Sdap&efrl &Sif;vif;jywfom; onfh uGyfuJa&; rlabmif
wpf&yfr&Sdjcif;aMumifh ,if;vkyfief;\ zGHUNzdK;rIrSm wefYae&ay onf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;tcsdKU vkyfaqmif&ef em;vnf rI pmcRefvTmrsm; (txl;ojzifh pdkufysdK;a&;
0efBuD;XmeESifhor0g,r0efBuD;XmewdkYrSwqifh)t& jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaomfvnf; &Sif;vif;aom Oya' rIwpf&yfjzifh
uGyfuJEdkifygu tqdkyg u@onfqxufxrf;ydk; zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufvmEdkifayvdrfhrnf/
u@zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf t"dupdefac:rIrSm Oya'qdkif&m vHkavmufaom ywf0ef;usif r&Sdao;jcif;yif
jzpfonf/ vuf&SdtajctaewGif MFI rsm;tjzpf toGifajymif;&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/ vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufaeolrsm; taejzifh
axmufyHhaMu;rsm;tay: wGif rSDckdtm;xm;ae&rIESifh qEtavsmuf pkaqmif;aiGrsm; &,lEdkif pGrf;jzpfap pmcsKyfjzifY
acs;aiGrsm;udk &,l&efjzpfap tiftm;r&Sdjcif;aMumifh olwdkU\ wdk;wufrIrSmvnf; tuefUtowf jzpfae&ayonf/ MFI
rsm;onf jynfwGif;bPf rsm;ESifY jyify&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHolrsm;xHrS acs;,l&ef rSmvnf; jynfy&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrItm; uefUowf
xdef;csKyf rIwdkYaMumifh ra&&mvSay/ xdkYtjyifbPfrsm;u a,bk,stm;jzif h tmrcHray;Edkifjcif; tqifrajy vSaom
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rlabmif uefYowfcsufaMumifh) tao;pm;acs;aiG aqmif&Guf ay;Edkif&ef qE r&dSjcif;wdkYaMumifY
bPfpHEIef;avsmhcsjcif; (Downsealing) jzifY SME \zGUHNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk aiGaMu;axmufyHay;rnfh tvm; tvm
r&dSvSay/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;vkyfudkifolrsm; tMum;wGif tao;pm;aiGaMu;zGHNzdK;rItwGuf t"du a&SUajy; tae
txm;wpf&yftjzpf tjcm;w&m;0if b@ma&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh pmcsKyf aiGacs; Edkifaom MFI rsm;
wnfaxmifay;jcif;ESifhtwl vkyfief;udk tm;ay;onfU Oya' rlabmifwpf&yfvdktyfonf[k
todtrSwfjyKxm;Muonf/ tm;ay; onfh Oya'ESifh uGyfuJrI rlabmif wpfck xlaxmif&mwGif
aomUcsufusonfU a&SUajy;tcsuf oHk;&yf&dSonf/
yxrwpf&yfrSm vkyfydkifcGifhvdkifpif&Edkif&ef twGuf vdktyfaom tzGJUtpnf;ta&twGuf tvHktavmuf &Sdae&ef
vdktyfonf/
16 tdrfaxmifpk 10 oef;teuf 40 rS 60% twGif; vdktyfvsuf&Sdaom tar&duef a':vm 100 acs;aiG cefYrSef;csuf

vuf&SdwGif tzGJUtpnf;yHkpH tao;pm; aiGaMu;axmufyHha&; aqmif&Gufaeol 6 OD;teufrS 5 OD;rSm Oya'

rlabmifwpf&yf pwifay:aygufvonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf olwdkY\tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI tpDtpOf rsm;udk
uGyfuJ MFI rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJvdkaom qE&SdaMumif; ajymqkdMuygonf/
'kwd,tcsufrSm uGyfuJrnfU tmPmydkifrsm;\ pGrf;&nf ESifY em;vnfrIonf tvGef ta&;BuD;vSonf/ enf;ynm
taxmuftyHhrsm;ay;tyfjcif;? rMumao;cifu tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI Oya' rlabmifrsm;udk
pwifrdwfqufcJhonfh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;qD ac:,ljyojcif;wdkYjzifh A[dkbPfuJhodkY aom tmPmydkifrsm;\ pGrf;&nfudk
wnfaqmuf&ef r&dSrjzpf vdktyfayvdrfhrnf/
aemufqHk;tcsufrSm tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI Oya'ESihf zGJUpnf;rI rlabmif wpf&yfudk a&;qGJazmfaqmif&mwGif
tm&Hkpdkuf vkyfaqmif&ef MFI xdyfwef; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ t"duusonfh tcef;u@udk tjcm; EdkifiHrsm;rS
tawGUtMuHKrsm;u o&kyfazmfjyovsuf&dSayonf/ tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSefem;vnfrIudk taxmuftul jyK&e f
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;tzGJU MFWG onf 0efBuD;Xmeaygif;pHk ESifh owif;tcsuftvuf
rQa0jcif;rsm;udk pwifjyKvkyfaeNyDjzpfonf/ odkYaom tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;rIrsm;tm; wdk;csJUoihfonfhtjyif yHkpH
wusvnf; aqmif&GufoifhMuayonf/
4. jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI zGHNzdK;wdk;wufvmap&ef t"du tMuHjyKcsufrsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI axmufyHha&;zGHNzdK;wufa&; onf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&? tvSL&SifESifh
tjcm; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI wGif yg0ifaeolrsm;tm;vHk;\ pkaygif;tm;xkwfrI vdktyfonf/
tm&Swpf0Sef;wGif tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI onf qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avQmhcsa&; r[mAsL[mrsm;wGif vdktyfaom
u@wpfckjzpfaMumif; oufaojychJjyD;jzpfonf/
EdkifiHwpfckcsif; ay: rlwn vTrf;rdk;aom yHkHpHrSm NGO-MFI yHkpH (b*Fvm;a'h&Sf) rSonf tpdk;&u uruxjyKaom
tpDtpOfrsm; (oD&dvuFm? tif'dkeD;&Sm;) ESifh yHkpHESpfrsdK;pvHk; yg0ifaom (tdEd,)txd trsdK;rsdK; &Sdonf/ tao;pm;
aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI aqmif&Gufol tenf;pkonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &SdESifhNyD;jzpf tvSL&Sifrsm;ESifh tpdk;&wdkU\
axmufyUHrI jyKonfU NGO-MFI yHkpHudk vrf;zGifhay;EdkifaeNyDjzpfonf/
tpD&ifcHpmwGif tMuHjyKcsuf ESpfydkif;yg0ifonf/
yxrwpfydkif;onf tao;pm;aiGaMu; zGHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;wGif umvwdkrS tv,ftvwftcsdefumvtxd t"du
ae&mwGif yg0ifMurnfU tvSL&SifEdkifiHrsm;udk &nf&G,fonf/ tjcm;aom b@ma&;axmufyHhrI udkr&&dSolrsm;twGuf
qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavQmhcs&efESifh aus;vufrS wwfEdkifaom twdk;jzifY acs;,l EdkifrI udk csJUxGifjcif;wdkYjzifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk
wdk;jrSifhay;&ef tvSL&Sifrsm; tm;xkwfrI tpdwftydkif; wpf&yftjzpf jrefrmEdkifiH\ tao;pm;aiGaMu; u@udk
axmufyHhrIudk tvSL&Sif rsm;taejzifh wdk;jrSihfoifhayonf/ tvSL&Sifrsm;onf wdusaom ao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
twGuf uGyfuJoGm;rnfU abmifwpf&yf tpysdK;vm&ef &nf&,
G fonfU rnfonfhaqmif&GufcsufrsdK; udkrqdk yHhydk;ay;&ef
vnf; qE&SdoifhMuayonf/
'kwd,tMuHjyKcsufrSm jrefrmtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tjcm;aom tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI wGif yg0if aeolrsm;udk
&nf&G,fonf/ a&&SnfwnfwHhNyD; xda&mufaom tao;pm;aiGaMu;u@wpf&yf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf vma&;udk
vrf;zGifhay;aom tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIudk uGyfuJrnfU Oya'a&;&m oD;jcm; rlabmifwpf&yfudk pwifrdwfquf
ay;&ef tMuHjyKtyfonf/ oufqdkifaom yg0ifol rsm;ESifh nSdEdIif;aqG;aEG;jcif;? pGrf;&nfwnfaqmufjcif; tpDtpOf
NyD;qHk;onfhtcg xdkodkYaom rlabmiftm; wjznf;jznf;csif; wpfqifhNyD; wpfqihf pwifrdwfqufoGm;oihfayonf/

tMuHjyKcsuf 1
a&&SnfwnfwHhaom pDyGm;a&;zGHNzdK;rIudk tm;ay;&efESifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avQmhcs&eftwGuf tvSL&Sif EdkifiHrsm; onf
jrefrmEdkifiHtm; ulnDaxmufyHhrI r[mAsL[mwGif tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrItm; t"du tpdwf tydkif; tjzpf
xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ tvSL&Sif\r[mAsL[mrsm;onf tao;pm;aiGaMu; u@\ zGHUNzdK;rIESifh wdk;wufrIudk
tm;ay;oifhNyD; tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIudk uGyfuJrnfU rlabmiftopfwpf&yfudk pwif rdwfquf&mwGif
yHhydk;oifhonf/
uGyfuJrI ywf0ef;usif topfwpf&yfatmufwGif MFI rsm;u b@ma&; t&if;tjrpfrsm; udk bufpHkrS &,l Edkifaprnfh
tcsdef txd tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI u@\ zGHUNzdK;rIonf tvSL&Sifrsm;\ yHhydk;rIrsm;ay:wGif rSDcdkae&
ygvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsdef wdkifatmif jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tao;pm;aiGaMu; csJUxGifa&;ESihf wdk;wufaumifrGef vma&;
wGifomruuGyfuJcH aiGaMu;tzGJU tjzpf tao;pm; aiGaMu; rIwGif yg0ifaeolrsm;u jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf
jyKjyif &mwGifvnf; tvSL&Sifrsm;u t"du tcef;u@rS yg0ifEdkifMuygonf/ OD;pm;ay; rsm; udk tvSL&Sifrsm;u
pOf;pm;EdkifMuygonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;rsm;onf tvSL&Sifrsm;yHUydk;aeonfU toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;\y"meusaom tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfaMumif; aocsmapjcif;/
qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;twGuf aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI &,lEdkifrI enf;yg; onfhtm;avsmfpGm tao;pm;aiGaMu;
0efaqmifrIvkyfief;tm; txl;ojzifY aus;vufa'orsm;wGif qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavsmhyg;apa&; tpDtpOf\
tpdwftydkif;wpf&yftjzpf? tm;ay;rIjyKoifhonf/
tcsu frSm em*pftvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; tm;xkwfrIwGifvnf; rSef uefonf/ vwfwavm aqmif&Gufaeaom
axmufyHhonfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk tao;pm; aiGaMu; tjzpf wjznf;jznf; ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;oGm;&ef
tMuHjyKtyfygonf/ aiGom; axmufyHhjcif;rsm;onf ydkifqdkifrIypnf;rsm; tpm;xdk;&efESifh ta&;ay:tajctae
jzpfNyD;p umvwGif tajccHvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;&eftwGuf toHk;wnfhaomfjim; vnf; xdkenf;vrf;udk
MumjrifhpGmtoHk;jyKygu tzsufoabmaqmifaom aps;uGufykHysufrIrsm;jzpfapjyD; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh
zGHNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf t[efYtwm;rsm; jzpfvmapEdkifayonf/
MF acs; aiGu dk wdk;csJUjcif;jzifh EGrf;yg;olrsm;tm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI ydkrdk&&Sdapjcif;
acs;aiGtwGuf axmufyHUaiG &&Sd&ef tjcm;jzpfEdkifacs &Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm; r&Sdao;onfhtajctaewGif tao;pm;
aiGaMu;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk wdk;jrSifY ay;&ef tvSL&Sif\ axmufyHhaiGrsm; vdktyfaeygvdrfhrnf/ ajz&Sif; enf; ESpfrsdK;udk
tMuHjyKtyfygonf/
wpfzufwGif wnfqJ tzGJUtpnf;yHkpH tao;pm;aiGaMu; aqmif&Gufaeolrsm; tm; tvSL&Sifrsm;u b@maiG
&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIrsm; wdk;wufatmif qufvufvkyfaqmifoifhonf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGifrl Green Field ]]pdrf;vef;
pdkufuGif;}} twGif; tcsif;csif;,SOfNydKifrIrsm;ESihf taumif;qHk;tavhtxrsm;udk jyefUyGm; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh
toHk;jyKaqmif&Gufol topfrsm;tm;aps;uGufwGif; 0ifa&muf&ef zdwfac:NyD; b@maiG axmufyHhoifhayonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfaqmifaeolrsm;Mum;wGif jrefrmEdkifiH taumif;qHk; tavhtxrsm;
aygif;pnf;ay;&ef yHhydk;ay;jcif;
onfudk rsufESmpm oHk;zuf enf;vrf;jzifh aqmif&Guf Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ yxr rsufESmpm rSm enf;ynmyHhydk;rIonf
vuf&Sd tao;pm; aiGaMu; Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;udk wdkuf&dkuf taxmuftuljyKrnfjzpfonf/ b@ma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI?

qHk;&HI;rIab;tE&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrI? tpD&ifcHjcif;ESifh MIS rsm;vkyfief; qdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm; EdkifiHom; 0efxrf;rsm;udk

taumif;qHk; EdkifiHwum tavhtxrsm; xdawGUay;jcif; wdkYwGif [muGufrsm; &Sdaeao; ygonf/ 'kwd,tcsufrSm
tvSL&Sifrsm;onf (jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf) qef;opfaom tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI tavhtx rsm;udk
a&SUajy;prf;oyfjcif;ESihf jzefYa0jcif;wdkYtwGuf oD;jcm; axmufyHhaiGrsm; ay;oifhonf/ aemufqHk;tcsufrSm pdwf0ifpm;
olrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfrS pDpOfay;onfh tao;pm; aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrIqdkif&m t&if;tjrpf
A[dkXmewpfck udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&mwGifvnf; yHhydk;ay;oihfayonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;axmufyHha&;udk acsmarGUaprnfU uGyfuJa&; rlabmif wpf&yftm; xlaxmif&mwGif yHhydk;jcif;
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIudk uGyfuJa&; abmifwpf&yftm; wjznf;jznf; csif; xlaxmifay;jcif;udk yHhydk;ay;&ef
toifh&dSaeoifYayonf/ oufqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf enf;ynmyHhydk;&eftawGUtMuHKzvS,frI c&D;pOfrsm;?
tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ESifh okawoevkyfief;rsm; pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYomru MF wGif yg0ifaeolrsm;udk
ukd,fpm;jyKonfh tao;pm;aiGaMu; xdyfwef;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; b@maiGaxmufyHhjcif;ponfwdkYyg0ifaom
yPmrajcvSrf;rsm;udk yHhydk;ay;jcif;jzifh
tcsufudk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

tMuHjyKcsuf 2
wdusaom tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI Oya'ESifh uGyfuJa&; rlabmif wpf&yfonf tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
u@\ a&&SnfwnfwHhaom zGHNzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh tusdK;&SdrIwkdYudk tcsdefwefygu azmfaqmif&ef pwifrdwfqufxm;
oifhonf/ Oya'topfonf xda&mufrI&SdaMumif;aocsmap&eftwGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI vkyfief;rsm;pGm vdktyfyg
vdrfUrnf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI onf aiGacs;jcif; udk y"mexm;jcif; aps;uGuf ypfrSwf tmrcHcsufay;aom
,E,m;rsm;? acs;aiGyrmP t&G,ftpm;? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;? ukefusp&dwfrsm;ESifh twdk;EIefrsm;ponfwdkYwGif
tpOftvmbPfvkyfief;ESihf rwljcm;em;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh MFI rsm;\ vkyfief; vnfywf&mwGif ukefusp&dwfrsm;
avQmhjyD; twdk;EIef; avsmUEdkifa&; odkU OD;wnfaom ,SOfNydKifrIrsm;udk zefwD;jcif;? MFI twGuf avsmfuefaom
uGyfuJrIESifY Oya'qdkif&m rlabmifwpf&yfvdktyfonf/ wdusaom tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI xdef;odrf;xm;Edkif
aom rlabmif wpf&yfudk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rdwfqufay;&ef vdktyfvsuf&Sdonf/ taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rSm rlabmif
topftm; BudKwifjyifqifjcif;tqifU rsm;tm; jzifY jznf;jznf;csif; pwifrdwfqufjcif;yifjzpfonf/
arQmfrSef;xm;Edkifaom tajzwpf&yfrSm a,bk,s tajccH jyXmef;csufwpf&yfu oGufvufxufjrufaeaom tqifh
ESpfqifhyg enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif pwifrdwfqufrnfh aemufqufwGJ Oya'twGuf tao;pdwftrsm;pkudk
csefxm;&pfcJhNyD; jyifqifrI yef;wdkifrsm;tm; azmfaqmifjcif;udk qdkif;iHhxm;Edkifayonf/yPmrtajctaersm;wGif a
atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/
oufqdkif&m uGyfuJrI tmPmydkifrsm;onf tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI ESifhywfowf aumif;pGmod&Sdem;vnf jcif;
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIESifhywfowf em;vnf od&dSrI wdk;wufvmap&eftwGuf oufqkdif&m uGyfuJrI
tmPmydkifrsm;(tx l;ojzifh A[kdbPf)tm; enf;ynm&yfqdkif&m yHhydk;rIESifh EdkifiHwumtawGYtMuHK avhvmrIc&D;pOf
rsm;jzifh yHhydk; ay;&ygrnf/

enf;ynm&yfqdkif&myHhydk;rIrsm;wGif taumif;qHk;tavhtxrsm; (tEGrf;yg;qHk;olrsm;udk ulnD&ef twdkifyifcHtzGJU

(Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest - CGAP)u twnfjyKxm;onfh qDavsmfaom pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIqdkif&moD;oefU pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk rMumao;cifu atmifjrifpGm pwifcJhaom
tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;odkY EdkifiHwumtawGYtMuHKavhvmrIc&D;pOfrsm; oGm;a&muf&ef tm;ay;Edkifygonf/
tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIvkyfief; qdkif&m xdyfqHk; tzGJUtpnf;udk zGJUpnfwnfaxmifNyD;
Oya'rlMurf;a&;qGJ&mwGif MF yg0if olrsm;\ tusdK;udk udk,fpm;jyKapEdkifonf/
tpdk;&onf tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI Oya'rlMurf;a&;qGJ&mwGif tcsuftvuftrsdK;rsdK;udk nSdEdIif;ay;rnfh
tzGJUtpnf; wpf&yftm; zefwD;wnfaqmufrIudk yHhydk;ay;Edkifonf/ ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rSwqifU vkyfief;
vkyfaqmifaeolrsm;\pGrf;&nfwnfaqmufrIESifh t&if;tjrpfA[dk Xmetjzpf taumif;qHk; tavhtxrsm;
&&SdEdkifonfh tvm;tvmrSmvnf; &dSaeEdkifayvdrfhrnf/
uGyfuJ rIcH, lvdkaom tzGJUtpnf;yHkpH MF aqmif&Gufolta&twGufrSm wdk;yGm;vsuf &Sdonf/
MF u@wGif

acs;aiGyrmP ESifh aqmif&Gufol ta&twGuf rsm;jym;vmjcif;onf MF twGuf wdusaom uGyfuJrI

abmif wpf&yfudk pwif rdwfquf&ef vdktyfvmygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf (1) vkyfief;
vnfywfEdkifNyD; b@ma&;t& a&&Snf xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonfh tajctaeudk a&muf&Sd&efESifh (2) vdktyfcsuf topfrsm;
ESifh tnD vdkufemEdkif&ef twGuf olwdkY\ pGrf;&nfudk wnfaqmufMu&ef vdktyfvmygvdrfhrnf/ txufyg a&SUajy;
tajctaersm; &dSNyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf vHkavmufaom Oya'wpf&yfwGif atmufyg tcsufrsm; xnfUoGif; oifh
onf/
MF u@ a&&SnfwnfwHhaom zGHNzdK;rI azmfaqmifEdkif&ef b@ma&; &&SdrItqifajyatmif aqmif&Guf ay;jcif;
b@ma&; t&if;tjrpfrsm;&&SdrIrSm tao;pm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI u@ zGHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf ta&;ygvSaom
taMumif;&if; wpf&yfjzpfonf/ taumif;qHk;vrf;aMumif;rSm MFI rsm;taejzifh trsm;jynfolxHrS pkaqmif;aiGrsm;
vufcHEdkifatmif cGifYjyKjcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdkodkY vkyfaqmif&m wif;Muyfaom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem
vkyfaqmifEdkifrI vdktyfayonf/ tvm;wl ta&;BuD;aom aemufwpfcsufrSm MFI rsm;tm; jynfwGif;bPfrsm;
odkYr[kwf jynfy&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHolrsm;xHrS pmcsKyf jzifY aiGacs;,l Edkifatmif aqmif&Gufay;jcif; jzpfonf/
arQmfrSef;xm;aom tao;pm; aiGaMu; &efyHkaiGrsm; xlaxmifrIudkvnf; ueOD; wnf;u xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;oifh
onf/
twdk;EIef;uefUowf csufudk jrSifU hwifay;&ef odkYr[kwf y,fzsufay;&ef
,ckaz:jyaeaom pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeatmufwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf vuf&SduefUowf
xm;aom twdk;EIef;jzifh jrefrm MFI rsm;onf a&&Snf &yfwnfEdkifrnfr[kwfay/ twdk;EIef;uefUowfcsuftm;
z,f&Sm;ay;&ef odkYr[kwf urmUysrf;rQ twdk;EIef;rsm;ESifhtnD wajy;nDjzpfap&ef tMuHjyKtyfygonf/ rnfonfh
uefUowfcsufjzpfap aiGaMu;azmif;yGrIEIef; ESifY xdef;nd&ef vdktyfonf/ tjcm;EdkifiHrsm; wGif avhvmxm;csufrsm;t&
rsm;jym; vmaom ,SOfNydKifrIrsm;ESifh MFI rsm;\ acs;aiGwdk;yGg; wdkYaMumifh twkd;EIef;rsm; avsmhusoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
vHkavmufaom acs;aiG jzpfxGef;ap&ef

,cktcgwGif tao;pm; aiGaMu; vkyfaqmifaeolrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifolrsm;tMum;wGif us,fjyefYaom b@ma&;

0efaqmifrIrsm;udk aygif;pnf;jcif? Oyrm ti,fpm;tmrcHpepfESifY wpfOD;csif; pkaqmif;ukefrsm;tm; t"duta&;
ygaomtcsuf[k todtrSwfjyKvmMuNyDjzpfonf/ vuf&Sd jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rS tao;pm;aiGaMu; ay;tyfaeolrsm;
onf xda&muf avsmfuefaom acs;aiGta&mtaESmrsm;udk pwifaqmif&GufaeNyDjzpfonf/ xdef;csKyfrI abmif
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhvuf&Sd tawGUtMuHKrsm; udkxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ wpfzufrSvnf; ,if;wdkY\ wdk;wufrIESifh
csJUxGifrIwdkYudk cGifhjyK yHhydk;&ygvdrfhrnf/
bPfrsm;ESihf tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIwdkY tMum;wGif csdwfqufrIrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;
vuf&Sd bPfvkyfief;pnf;rsOf;rsm;onf EdkifiH\ tao;pm;aiGaMu; 0efaqmifrI vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf
tuefYtowfrsm;jym;aeygonf/ Oya'topfonf bPfrsm;\ aiGt&if;tjrpftrsm;tjym;udk tao;pm;ESifh
ti,fpm; pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;topftwGuf ajymif;vJ axmufyHhay;Edkifap&ef vuf&Sd xdef;csKyfrIrsm;tm;
avQmhcsa&;udk OD;wnfoihfonf/ xdkYtjyif MFI rsm;twGuf bPf rsm;xHrS acs;aiGrsm;
vG,fulacsmarGUpGm&&Sdapoifhonf/
MFI rsm;twGuf qDavsmfaom b@ma&;? tpD&ifcHrIESifh pm&if;ppfaq;jcif; pepfudk pwifrdwfqufjcif;
Oya'topfonf tEGrf;yg;qHk;olrsm;udk ulnD&eftwGuf tMuHay;tzGJU (Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest CGAP)u twnfjyKxm;jyD; a,bk,s vufcHMuonfh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ vkyfief;tay: wm0efcH,lwwfrIudk
tm;ay;oifYonf/,if;wdkYwGif yHkrSeftpD&ifcHjcif;? b@ma&; wm0efcHrIESifY yHkrSef pm&if;ppfjcif; ponfwdkY
yg0ifoifhonf/
pmpk pm&if;
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Cooperation and the Banking With the Poor Network, 2009.
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Studies Press, Monograph series No. 114, 2009
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Tripartite Core group report Post-Nargis Periodic Review II July 2009
Tripartite Core group report Post-Nargis Social Impact Monitoring November 2008
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critical needs of the survivors of Cyclone Nargis to July 2010, October 2009
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2007

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