Draft Social Science

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma
bghJ ghll tiu 2009

r_f ma - _wh tF Kj gjh tF tiu
_wh tF
t.
v.
v.
1.
w
r_f elij ga
m:
m
v o / g
uhk / gF
ghlbghU
ah vij brwhf?
vdh vd bra Ko?
L Kj g tius
tjl
kL
tst kL
oYs kf:
kf
gYs kf:
kf
2.
fw isf
kf xW nrUlY
FLgY, xU jkjDila
gfid, cW nehFj
_yK, ciuahl _yK
mJbfhSj.
jiyikaha, Maf, w
Maf kW mtf gf.
RWwij, tFgiwia,
tFgiw cs bghUfis
ghJfhghf bghWghf
itUj. cQ gHf,
ffis mwgLJj,
ftiwia rahf gagLJj,
fhy jtwhik, kahij mj,
uhk cs midJ kfS
vj thwhf?
Tlkhf ntiy brtij

g isahLjiy g
fw.
gF brY tia tiuglkhf

tiuj.
filf kW l milahsf /
thG kf /
vthW gF tUtJ vgij

mJ bfhSj kW gF
brY t ghgit:
thiy
eh thG lijg
bjhlJ mj kW vDl
gHF kjfis g
mJbfhs.
brJ fw, ciuahl

braghLf.
rjghlf
tz Lj
gnfW eoj
FWeil
gaz
bghkyhl
fijf
tst kL
tiuglK tz
LjY, eljitfis
g ngRj
t.
v.
v.
3.
4.
y cq l
milahsf
rhiy f
ghlbghU
fw isf
x HY / ghij, kw tfS /
kfSl nrJ brYj
l milahsfSF, bghJ
lguF ilnas ntWghL
vdF mUYs
mUYs bghJ
trfis mj:
mj
yf
mUfhaf
bjhbghU lf
j lf
fhLf
flf
g isFl
Ka rhiy FpLfis bjJ

bfhSj
kuf
ghijf
FWF tf
vDl tU kf
v eifFa kf /
ghJfhghd tjlij
mJ bfhSj / njit
VgLnghJ khW tia
mJ bfhs
rhiy ghJghlD,
bghWlD gaz brtJ
Fj mid bgUFj
kL
bjhFj
bjhFj kL
tiugl tiu w.
tst kL
fyJiuahl kW
eilgaz
bjhFj kL
bgaL uL tf
tj
tst kL
ghlf kW rj
ghlf
tiuj
cW nehf
juiy kL
gy bjdh
t.
v.
v.
5.
6.
7.
w
csh mikf
KaJt ntiy bragL
jK
ghlbghU
fw isf
xU rKjhaF njitahd bghJ

trfis flj
bghJ mikfS mF gahW
kfS, Cuh, uhk f FG,
RjK RfhjhuK bghJ lfS
mtiw guhkgtfS
bghJthd tr - Mjhuf
vUJ ilwd.
bjU sFf kW ju
trf
mogilahd
mogilahd
bghJgf
bghJgf
Wtdfis g
JbfhL mtiw
tHF kfis mJ
kahij bfhLj
mr mYtyf, t, fhtiya,
aha iyfil, bghJ Rfhjhu
iya myJ mUYs bghJ
kUJtkid, bjho, rhu
tha.
bghJ kjDF vbdd

trf ilwd vgij,
mt ggtf ah ah
vgij J bfhs.
rKjha cjahsf,
bjhf tiff,
thif Kiwf,
gghLf.
thifia eykh thH cj

cj kf:
kf
trhf
ghgiz bjhyhsf
fll bjhyhf
berthsf
kghl brgt
dt
jr
au gGJ ghgt
gGJghF kW guhkF
bjhyhs
FHh ga
kL
tst kL
cWnehf kW
ciuahl
juiy kL
w ta dhf
tst kL
cWnehf kW
ciuahl
juiy kL
bghJgia g
mjid bel
gagLJj g y
tufis mj
gyj bjhfis kf
ntL vgij J
bfhSj
vthW gntW bjhfS
rKjhaF
bjhLwd vgij
mJ bfhSj nkY
mtF njitahd
wfis ghuhLj
vthW kf mtf br
bjhYnfg thwd
vgij cW nehFj
tst kL
gnfW eoj, ghlf,
fyJiuahl,
vzfis
gj,
bghkyhl.
bjhFj kL
y bjhf
braKiwfis mJ
bfhSj
t.
v.
v.
ghlbghU
8.
mogil irf:
irf
NaDl l, ty
fUJfis sFj
9.
vdJ L,
uhk,
Cuh,
xa, khtl aif
ynjhwf,
thif Kiwf nghFtuJ kW ju
trf:
mUfhikYs
XLe kW ifidPf,
ky , fh kW f
gidahsf
ehF Ka irfis l, w
fUJfSl xL, gnrhjid
_yK ttot _yK J
bfhs.
fUij tWJ y vjhd
tiugl braghLf - iria
flj Na gF g
mj.
Hiy g neuij
fl fUij mJ bfhSj
uhk tiugl, vdJ il

tiuj
(rhiyf kL)
jkJ khtl tiuglij
gojj
fhLf, k, gf,
gUtfhyf, rhiyf TLl,
ngUJ kW bjhlto
trf (th tf VnjD
U) fyhrhu braghLf
fw isf
kL
thG Kiwia
bjhfis izF
gntW gghodUl
fyJiuahl
tFgiw iria flj,

jiyikaha mYtyf ir,
oF brtjfhd iria
mj.
gnfW eoj
ghL
fyJiuahl
vzfis gj
bghkyhl
bjhFj
bjhFj kL
brJ fhj
juiy kL
irfis ga wta
dhf.
jdJ Ul kW mF
ilfToa tsf
tYef
Ka fllf
mj Ul
KaJt Matiw
flj.
tst kL
tiugl tiu
braghL
juiy kL
wta dhf
t.
v.
v.
w
khtlf, Ka
kW jhfij
VgLJ kf.
10.
11.
vdJ khyij mj:

mj
va cikf
mW W eh
thG gF cs
kj - 10,000
MLfSF K-200
MLfSF K jbghGJ cs
iymj.
ghlbghU
fw isf
kL
kW _y ts Mjhuf <.nt.uh. bgah.
jehilga va cikf:
cikf
32 khtlf
aif ynjhwf
btntW tifahd ygu
mUfhikYs khtlfSl
xLnghJ fhzgL
gtifgl ygu.
ynjhwfis fL
czjY, viyfis mj
_yK a mit
bgUFj.
tiugl Ka lfis
flj.
tst kL
khf cUthFj
thif Kiw, cz, tsf

gaghL nghwd mogil
njitf bjhlghd fhy rhj
M gaz.
Kfhy Kj jfhy tiu

tsF cj fUf
gF - mwhl th tsf
gaghL til tuyhW fhgLJj.
tst kL
bral
gnfW eoj
juiy kL
wta dhf
juiy kL
Wdh
FWdh
tuyhiw
fhgLJj
ehfh tF
t.
v .
1.
w
eh vtiw vyh
bfhlhLnwh? gntW
fhyf:
y bghJ UHhf,
gntW fyhrhu,
gntW Hhf kW
bfhlhlf
ghlbghU
ia bfhlhLj bghf- kiHia
bfhlhLj - rnfhju, rnfhj
cwfis bfhlhLj trjij bfhlhLj
gntWgl
gntWgl y mikf:
mikf
flfiu, nfush glF ngho
kiyf : tlF HF aif
UHh - ghiytd - ngir
ku, gid ku
fw isf
gtif fyhrhu g
bfhlhlf bghJ
jik g mj.
ntWghLfis kj,
gHfhyY ed fhyY
ey kW gaDs
thifia nghWgtiu
kj
ekF vbdd
mwJ?
mjid ghJfhf eh
vd bra ntL?
:
mogil gaghL va Kiw ghJfhj,

k:
k
ntshik
ntWikia ghJfhj
(diversity):
mogil aiyg,
fhW, kW kiz
ghJfhF va tKiwfis
g sFj, X
lgF nkfl
fUJfis flJ xU
ts vgij ma brj
tst kL
brJ fw braghLf
rj ghlf
tz Lj
gnfW eoj
FWeil gaz
uha fiyf
bghkyhl
fijf
bjhFj kL
fwtiw g brj
ed fhy:
fhy
mida d - FHijf
d - Ma d d.
2.
kL
mwhl tha
braghLf _y
vj e thit brf
itwJ vgij ma
brj.
e thifia ngQtjF
tHF tsfis bghWl
gagLj ntL vw
mogil czit VgLJj.
tst kL
tiuJ tz Lj
eoJ fhLj
t.
v .
ghlbghU
fw isf
kL
fhLf:
fhLf
kuf KaJt.
fhW:
fhW
fhiw ikahf
itj.
3.
4.
jgltf jfsJ
fijfis thif
Kiwfis
ffis brhtJ
njhl dbg, jrhYs

trh, l L l bgaU
xU T, rhiynahuYs Jj
czfil cikahs
MnahuJ fijfis nfl.
tuyhWF aYF
bjhlig VgLj, gntW
thif Kiwfismj.
midJ lfY thG
kfilna jifa bjhl
csij a brj
ghJf
ghJfh:
h
clghJfh:
clghJfh
vtifahd ghJfhig
nkbfhs ntL?
, rhjd bghUf, rhiy,

j, jtwhf gagLjiy
jj kW ghJfhj.
ghJfh ga bray
bgwbrjY bghWghd
elijia bgw brjY
tst kL
fyJiuahl, eoj
bjhFj kL
va kdtiugl tiuJ
2 tf bjhlfis
tf brj.
tst kL
ghlf - rj ghlf
tiuj - cW nehf,
gy bj dhf
juiy kL
njbjLJ
ilbaGJ dhf
bjhFj kL
gw ntoa
Kiwfis
braf _y
cWgLj kW
xbthU iyY
FHijia fwYl
bjhlgLj
t.
v .
5.
6.
w
vid
vid R fG
khwf
aif:
aif
gUt fhyf, u
gfY, thiy, yh
af g mj gUtfhyf u, gf,
thiy- tiw va
sff _y mj.
kjdh
cUthfglit:
rhiyf
fllf
rhu
Ju
bghGJ nghF
Kiwf- kf J
mt jhf
kjdh VgLjgl
khwf jhfij
flj kW eyd, adg
tj - mwhl thif
sToa, s ayhj khwf
ekJ tsf:
tsf
k tiff, gf,
fkf, a
gfg mit
ilF jik.
7.
ghlbghU
gilghwdh VgL
Kndw - fijf
ma kW bjh
Eg - y gaDs fL
ofS mt
fw isf
kL
aig mjY
kjY - kj
brafsh RWw VgL
khwf jhfij va
Kiw j - thif
KiwY, thif juY,
jfhy bghGJngh
jhfij va braf _y
J bfhs.
tst kL
cW nehf kW
ciuahl
jehL tsfis tiugl

_y flj - k
tiffis mt is
bghUfis g mj.
jeho fk tsf
ilgJ g mtiw
gagLJj g mj -
jeho vbdd tsf

ilwd vgij
Jbfhs.
tst kL
cWnehf kW
ciuahl
n#. . ngh nghw fbgw

fLoghs g vLJiuJ
ma kW bjhEg
Kndw FJ fw ,
va kW gagLjToa
juiy kL
wta dhf.
juiy kL
va tiugl
braghLf, wta
dhf.
gntW bjhfis J
bfhL kj.
vthW gntWgl
bjhfS rKjhaF
tst kL
gnfW eoj,
fyJiuahl
vzfis gj,
bghkyhl.
t.
v .
w
jhffS.
xU fbgw
fLoghs, ekF
bga bjahj
fLoghsf.
ghlbghU
cGj, RHY rfu nghw
fLof kj tuyh
nghif vj khsd
vgijg mj.
fyhrhu:
fyhrhu
ifidPf jehoYs y
fbgw idtff
8.
vdJ khy,
vdJ ehL, khyfS,
a unjrfS nja df.
fw isf
ahit ga mogil
cikf - khyf
vif, jeho
mil gFf, nja
df ga kdij ftU
cikf.
cjwd vgij J
bfhs
vthW gntW kfS
jf bjhf gydh
thH KowJ vgij cW
nehFj
thif KiwY,
bjhfSl bjhlila
fyhrhuij g mj.
a njr kW m
mikJs jeho a
mik ga mogil mit
bgWj
kL
bjhFj kL
rKjhaF
tuyhF
aYF
ilnas mogil
bjhl g mj
tst kL
gnfW eoj
ghl, fyJiuahl
vzfis gj
bghkyhl
juiy kL
wta dhf.
9.
10.
xU Fokfdhf, xU
FHijahf vdJ
cikfS flikfS.
vthW ah Rju
miljJ?
xU fij
muayikYs y Ka
cikfis goaLjYl xU
FHij vbjj mogil
cikfis bgWsJ vd
mj.
xU Fokfdhf, xU
FHijahf, jkFa
cikfis flikfis
flJ bfhs.
tst
tst kL
tiuglbra
a Ljiy nghuhl ga
va cikfis,
FHijfSF aToa
fijfshf TWj, ah xU
Rjju ah xU Fokfdhf
Rjju jikia nghw.
tst kL
juiy kL
wta dhf
kh cUthFj
juiy kL
wta dhf
t.
v .
ghlbghU
fw isf
kL
njrkhf cUtha j,
aifaik, gtif
ynjhw, a tiugl,
tiugl jfij gagL
ahit ga y
cikjftf
11.
jehL
uhafiy kW
ifbjhf
ir juh, fhu
berthsf, khkyu f
nghnwh _y ir, eld,
kW fiyEQffis
ga X M gaz.
Kfhy Kj jfhy tiu

tsY mwhl thY
fUf gF g mj tuyhW J bfhnl
brtij czj fhgLJj.
tst kL
bralf
gnfW eoj
juiy kL
FW dh
W dh
tuyhiw czJ fw.
10
Ijh tF
t.
v .
1.
ghlbghU
fw isf
gaz
gaz tf, gaz
nehf, fbgw gaf,
Kija tuyhW mPf,
kW tiugl zf,
gtif gaz tf, y

fbgw gaf, tuyhW
tYef - Io g^lh, th
Rth - a kW tiugl
tiujYF mtf gfMt_L vLJfhLfSl
gtifgl
fyhrhufis j ntWghLfSF k
bfhLj - Kfhy Kj
jfhy tiu gaDs
thit ngnahiu kj
kL
tst kL
brJ fw
braghLf
ghlf kW rj
ghlf
tz Lj
gnfW eoj
FWeil gaz
bghkyhl
fijf
bjhFj kL
fwiy g brj.
2.
nfh
nfhf a- bgU
ynjhwf, nguhf
kW ju ynjhwf
cUthdJ g mj cyf tiuglij goj tiugl jfij
gojj.
y tif gljfJl xL
gntW ynjhwf kW
aif ff _y
a mit bgUFj.
mwhl braghLf _y
vthW e thifia
ngQwJ vgij czu
itj - e thifia
ngQjF tsfis
bragLJgoahd
mogil mit fl-
tst kL
tiuj kW
tz l
eoj g ngRj
bjhFj kL
ciuahLjiy g
brj
juiy kL
wta dhf.
11
t.
v .
3.
4.
ghlbghU
fw isf
a
tuyh mj jhf thif Kiw, ffxbthUtU jkJ
fijia TWj
kfbgUf bjhlghd
bgU uidf kW
isf.
ah KGtJ njbjLj y
jegf fijfis
nflj-J e xU
glnfho Ta fijf, mnj
fhy tlHF uha
fiyP Ta fij,
ehfgod cs xU dt
Ta fij, Kig nrahd
jhuh xU sbg Ta
fij.
tuyhWF aYF
bjhlig VgLJj gtif thif Kiwfis
midJ lfY mj,
thG kfilna jifa
bjhl csij mj.
tst kL
fyJiuahl,
eoj
cy, kj cikfhf
ghLgltf
F cikia
tWa
rhuO
w ntWghL ghuhlhj kho
j
mikl thG cikia
tWJ - fh
Ra M cikia czJ
ber knlyh
bg Ljiyia
btgLa lhl
KJbyR buo
thif juij caj

ghLgl cyf kfis ga
mit bgWj.
tst kL
ghlf,
tiuj
cW nehf
njbjLJ il
vGJ dhf
bjhFj kL
gw ntoa
tKiwfis
braf _y
sFj
nkY FHijia
fw <LgLj
brj.
aig J
bfhL kj
mgjkhd tsbfhl
tst kL
cWnehf kW
ciuahl.
5.
fhyiy gFf
khia gojj
btg kly, jbtg kly,

ukly, ka jiufl
gF, ghiytd gF, il
kL
bjhFj kL
va jy tiugl
tiuJ uL
tf bjhlfis
tj.
12
t.
v .
ghlbghU
nfhL gF:
xbthU gF miklij
nehFj, fhyiyia ghF
fhuf
(mKfgLJ iy fw)
fw isf
aif cyif
mYs gfis
RWwij mj thif ju
iwa thG Kiw
jhfij va braf
_y J bfhs.
6.
ah aif
tsf
viyfis flj bgU
uidf, ngzjFj
gaghoYs rthf (v.L) <l f, xU
buho / xU brhL
bgnuh gaz.
k, fhLf, ntshik,
ghrd, fkf:
FWa kW l eikf,
bjhrhiyf gaghL,
nghFtuJ bjhlghd bgU
uidf.
ah vbdd
tsf ilwd
vgij mj.
nkY mtiw rhj
uidfis J
bfhs.
7.
bjhrhiyf ts:
ts
tuyhW kW nehf,
ntshik rhjit,
fkf rhjit,
bjhrhiyf, tf,
dQ Clff,
mt jhf.
ma bjhEg Kndw
g f bgw fLoghs
_y fw -va kW
gagLj Toa cGj, RHY
rfu nghw fLof
vj kj tuyh nghif
khsJ vgij mj.
Kndw kW
Jjkhd efukakhj
bjhlghd
uidfis J
J bfhs.
gntW Ka
bjhrhiyfis
mt
miklfis g
brJ bfhs
thif Kiwfis
kL
juiy kL
wta dhf
tst kL
bjhlghd braf
kW ciuahlf.
juiy kL
va tiugl
braghLf.
W dhf
FWdhf
wta dhf.
tst kL
gnfW eoj,
fyJiuahl kW
gJ bfhs,
bghkyhl, va
tiugl tiuj,
bjhFj kL
bjhrhiyf,
rKjha, tuyhW
kW a
13
t.
v .
ghlbghU
fw isf
8.
9.
vdJ khy,
vdJ ehL,
vf Rwjh, khy
kW ka
muRfSilnaahd
bjhl, rh ehLf, cyf
mikfhf I.eh. rig
vLJ tU Kaf
(mKf kL)
a Jizfl
ah mogil tuf,
mu uf mik,
ah milahsf,
gdhL mik ga
Mt_L cikf
a Rjju nghuhl
tiuahd MSif ga
RUfkhd tuyhW:- xU
njbjLj fhynfhL.
ntWgl Koaurfis
g mj kW
xbthUtU rhjhuz
thif VgLa
jhfij jFj
vLJfhLfSl mj
mnrhf mikia eho
brwjfhd fhuz. Kj
kL
bjhfis
izF gntW
fLofis g
ciuahLj
f bjhEg
eik ikfis g
thj.
gy khyfis bfhl
ah, Ma ehLfSl
ah gnf
ga mogil mit
bgWj
a midJ
kfis izwJ
vgij tuyhW y
rkaf mua
nghfdh
fgLwJ
vgij mogilahf
J bfhs
a Jizfl
MSif tuyhW g
thif ju mj
jhf g mJ
bfhSj
MatF
ilnas
mogil
bjhlfis J
bfhs
tst kL
gnfW eoj
gilghw f
ntiyf
xWik, mik
ga ghlf
fyJiuahl kW
gJ bfhs
bghkyhl
tst kL
tiugl bra
juiy kL
FWdh
njbjLfgl
wta dhf.
14
t.
v .
ghlbghU
10.
11.
fw isf
kL
knfu gyt, ru Fj
bksa, uh# uh# nrhH,
Atjd,
UZznjtuha, mg tiu
yh - nghRaf buRfhuf kW
oZfhuf.
Rj
RjuF
uF
uF
Rju ah - mj
bt milf kW
rthf ga RUfkhd
ghit.
muayik, kjrhgw
kfsh Kiw
wjik,
gtifgl tFgiw
bghJJiw Wtdf
thfS rthfS vid Rs trf midtUF f
btF fhykhf
fhykhf
gagLjgL ir
fUf - ehjtu, j,
jhs irfUf, eu
fUf - n d
bksyhdh, uh#ud
is kW y.
kfsh btF fhykhf

gagLjgL tU ir
fUf ga M gaz
nkbfhs - JL iz,
vjhuh, jh kW irPh
mFZU - W ehf
bfhl irfUahd r
g mj
Rju ah
FokfDF cs
Rjuij kj isa khztdhf
ah tsY
eyY jik
milahs fhQ w
bgWj
tst kL
bralf
Kfhy Kj jfhy
tiu fiyz bfhl
th irfUf
gF - dr th
irfUfS
tst kL
juiy kL
wta dhf, W
dhf
bralf.
nfl.
15
Mwh tF
tuyhW
Foika
myF 1
myF 1
myF 1
gHfhy ah
ah
eh thG
r_fK muaY
tuyhWF Kgl jHf, ntilahLj,

nrfj, trha, uhkf, efuf(a
ffhy fyhrhu) kW bjah cs
lf.
nkgu y, , fhW,
jhtu, yFf kW kjf cnfhs
rKjha,, FLg, g it
xWl xW rhUj
rKjhaDns gytif mik
kW ntWghL.
fw isf :
fw isf :
fw isf :
Kfhy kjf aht?

mtf thj l vjifa a
mik UjJ?
mtf vthW tJ tjhf?
FGf, rKjha, wf kW
njitahd mit J bfhSj
fUfis g fw, ah cs
lfis fLoj mtfSila
thif, fUf, Xaf kW va
vYf nghw rhWfis gagL
J bfhSj.
eh fhQ , y, fhW,
cdf kW kjfsh
MdJ vgij mj.
rKjhaij VgLJtJ
vJ?
rKjha rhig VgLJtJ
vJ?
Vwjh iy V?
xWikia cUthf vd
brantL?
myF 2
myF 2
myF 2
ehff
kh kW tiuglf :
murhf vwh vd?

vd?
rhWfis gagL ehff bjhlf
kh _y ia nehFj -
khy cUthFj Foau
16
tuyhW
Mwfiu ehff - Augh ehff - kW
mj Ka mrfis mj.
fw isf:
mikl, ehff Ka lf,

efu mik, Ju, bga fllf,
rka, Kiuf, bkh kW vGJ
kW th kw mrfS mj
Ko.
a
kh - mrf ff
gdhL njnfhL - neu
fzLj
tiuglf - irf -
milahsfS FpLfS -
tiuglf tiff -
ytiuglfUJ u kW
iraj.
Foika
Ka TWf.
fw isf:
isf
murhf vwh vd?

FoauR vwh vd?
FoauR eho Ka
mrf ahit?
fw isf:
eh thGw cyif ga
jftfis fw
e Kftia bjJ
bfhs
ia ugF khna
kh vwj
dr thF tiuglf
gagLgit vgij mj
myF 3
myF 3
myF 3
cnyhf fhy
u gfY - gUt fhy khwf
cq murhf kW thf
fLfij kW ehLj. uhl fyhrhu,

ntjfhy, fha fhy, (r_f mik kW
f)
ms tot - RHYj ty
tUj u gfY, neu
khWghLf gUtfhyf mit
vthW VgLwd? vthW e
dr thifia zwd?
cq Ra murhf mikgj
njit grhaJuh{, csh
mikf, (efuh, khefuh,
khtl thf, uhk Cuhf,
mik kW gf) nrhHf
17
tuyhW
Foika
Flnthiy Kiwl xLj.
fw isf:
bjhbghU Jiw mik kW lfis

itJ cnyhf fhy fUij mj.
Ma FoUf, Kija kW ija
ntjfhy thif tuyhW mnjfhy
bja fyhrhu.
fw isf
isf:
f
tlghij fUij
mJ bfhs
rhj mR tlghij
ms u gfY
Vgl fhuzbkd?
ekF khWgl gUtfhyf
V VgLwd?
u gfY, gUtfhyfS
vthW e ia rhJ
mikwd?
fw isf:
isf
V ekF cq Rah
mikf
njitgLwd?
Foau t gF
ahit?
csh mikf vj
mikfgLwd?
mt gF gfS.
myF 4
myF 4
myF 4
v, Uj kW thj, bgsj
i#df vG.
Na klyK
klyK:
lyK
Fokf cikfS
cikfS flikfS:
flikfS
Na kly - Na - nfhf
tot - ghijf kW nfhf
mik Na kly
w mikl.
FHij cikf
fw isf:
rka kW thifia ga
thjf vG
j kW kfhu thif Kiwia
gWj
xbthU rka nghjidf mt
njhw, be Kiwf.
guj, , fiy kW fll.
fw isf:
isf
fw isf:
isf
Na kly xU nfhshd
mir jik bgwJ
vgij mj
midJ Fokf
mogil cikf
vdgLgit ahit?
mogil cikf tuyhW
vd?
FHijf vbdd
18
tuyhW
myF 5
nguu bjhlf
kfj
bksaf
fff
rhaf
Fhzf
Fjf
A
fw isf:
kfh#d gjf, Kija uhk

FoauRf, tiuglf kW mikl.
nguu fUJ, xbth tuyhW
rhu, m#hjrU, ruFj, rhza,
mnrhf
fff kW rhaf RUfkhd
tuyhW
Fhzf fZf
Fjf rKuFj, ruFj,
ukha, A
F:
F
xbthU nguuR kW tr cfis
goaLj - jehL xU ghit.
Foika
cikfis bgWsd?
nfhf btntW tl
ghij mikJs
Naid ty tUwJ
vgij mj
myF 5
tklyK:
tklyK
myF 5
uhk efu thif nkbfhs:
nkbfhs
csik:
csik
fw isf:
isf
csik bghUfyit
- fkf kW ntbghUf
tkly , Na r, btg,
fhW, <ugj, kj th
tkly KaJt.
fw isf:
isf
gntW bjhfis
fhQj
uhk efu bjhfSF
ilnas ntWghLf
ahit? (xiwbahW
rhUj vw Kj
myFl bjhlgLj)
cgF gntW
fkf kW
ntbghUfsh MdJ
vgij mj
tklyK f
KoahjJ vgij J
bfhs
tkly mik kW
bghUfyit
btg, fhWf, <ugj
19
tuyhW
myF 6
rffhy
gytf
Kija nrhHf
ghoaf
nruf
fw isf:
xbthU fhyij, ca jiyf
fw
rffhy vwh vd?
a fyhrhuF gytf, nrhHf,
ghoaf kW nruf mj bfhil
ahJ?
JizghlbghUf:
tlHF fyhrhu
myF 6
cyf
cyf tiuglf:
tiuglf
flf nguhf kiyf MWf ehLf flf
Flhf, tisFlhf
fhthf f jiyefuf
midJ a sffSl.
Foika
fw isf :
cy a a ga
mogil mid bjJ
bfhs.
myF 7
tuyh a brthF:
brthF
kw ghlfSl a bjhl
mikgh vgl gilbaLf.
fw isf :
tuyh tsF a
fhuf brthid J
bfhSj
20
VHh tF
tuyhW
Foika
myF 1
myF 1
myF 1
uhouTl muRf:
mirf:
ekJ njr
njhw, ghah cir braKiwf,

jL, bllh irf, yeLf,
vkiyf
njr Fnfhf
Foah, kjrhik
tuyhW
a muayik, kW kjrhik,
muayik Uj - kf kW
kjrhik, nja df.
1. uhou Tlf
2. uafhuf
3. ghyf
fw isf:
uhruf f ga
fUaf
mtf f g uhz
fUa njit
uhru uf w
mrf
y khal - ngh,
bgf iy, rh ga
kdghik
y mikF fll
fiyF cs bjhl
myF 2
yhaf tUif:
tUif
1. KfkJ f
2. KfkJ nfh
fw isf:
isf:
mirf g mj
kW yeLf, yeLf
VgLtjfhd gFf g mj
fw isf:
mogil cikf kW xbthU

Fokf bghWf kjrhgW
Ugj bghU, eilKiwgLj
muayik vwh vd?
V mJ kfSF Ka rhwhf
_y gthf (Mandesh)
mikwJ?
nja df KaJt
ahit?
myF 2
myF 2
nkgu mj kW goj
thiy ij, uh (MWf, miyf
kW yjo ) nkgu
Foah
tuyhW bghU, tiff, gf
eikf ikf
21
tuyhW
3. bl Rjhaf
4. khkY, f, Js,
iraJf kW nyhof
5. kygh gF
yhaf.
fw isf:
vbjj tf yhaf
Jiz flF
tjhf?
yhaf btntW
tifahd rkafY kW
fyhrhuY cs
fyJiuahlf
a rka r_f kW
fyhrhu yhaf
jhf
yha fllfiy
EQff _yfis
flj
Foika
cUkhWj kW fhwh nkgu

cUkhWj
mua ff nja kW unjr

ff gf
fw isf:
fw isf:
thiy ij braKiwf
g MWf, miyf, yjo
kW fh mjdhY,
gojdhY VgL ynjhwf
g mj.
e mwhl th Foah vj
cjwJ?
Foahaw iy kf vj
g wd?
W eh bgWs ehil
cUthf Foah vthW cjaJ
nkY vbjj tf ekF
vkiw jhfij VgLaJ?
Foah tuyhW
e xbthUtUF bjgJ g
mj.
myF 3
myF 3
myF 3
raefu kW gh nguuR
thiy kW fhyiy
I.eh.rig njhw, gf, mj w

mikf
fw isf:
jfhz, y, a,
nguu f
y Ka Mahsf
thiy kW fhyiyia zF
fhuf, btg, mGj fhW,
kiHbgh, d o
fw isf:
cyf mikfhf V X mik
njit? mj TWf ahit?
22
tuyhW
kW mj trf
mikahd tjf kW
nghKiw
w rkaJl bjhl,
mnuaf kW
nghRaf
bfhisaoj kW
gilbaL
a
fw isf:
thiy kW fhyiyfhd
ntWghLfis mj
fhyiy V? vthW kh
bfhoUwJ?
cq thiy khwfis g
czu brj
myF 4
myF 4
g kW N af
g kW N ga fUa:
NJwf w mrf
bragL nglf
vkiyf, yeLf, yr,
gmirf, Nwhtf, bts, tw,
blhdnlh, Rdh
1. rhK
2. ghgh g:
jeho g
1. f
2. uhgh
3. khuhoa Jwf, Jfhuh,
Veh, nrhfhnks kW
uhkjhr
4. grtdh
5. irjah
6. a kW y Jwf
ehakhf kW Mthf,
jf(18)
Foika
bghJ rig, ghJfh FG, gdhL

kw, brayf
I.eh. Kftf vjifa w
bgwtf?
fw isf:
aif nglf g mJ
bfhs, (mtUJ vj
eik ghJfhJ bfhtJ?)
23
tuyhW
Foika
fw isf:
g vz (fUJ)
rh, bkh, gh ghFgho
r_f Uj Kaf
y Jwf thif
N kW g Jwfis
ga bghJthd fUJf
ahit?
vbdd Ka
fUJfis mtf
tWdhf?
jdh ah Vgl
khwf isf
vd?
a Jizfl g
kW N khf
KaJt vd?
myF 5
myF 5
j ehL xU fnzhl :
nguhf
fhy nrhHf
fw isf:
Ka Mahsf
ahY kW
nkiyehLfY mtfSila
gF
nguhf, flf, a RH, fl

ct jik, btg, miyf kW
nuhlf.
fw isf:
nguhf kW flf gut g
mj
a RH braKiw g
24
tuyhW
Kjyh uhruhr, Kjyh

uhnru - Fghf
fiy, fllfiy, thf,
bghUshjhu kW r_f
thif
ngh kW mik
rka kW r jik
(bghiwz)
nkiy ehLf bjHF
Ma ehLfSldhd bjhl
Foika
J bfhs
V fl ct jik
bgWsJ?
vthW fl btg
XlF kbwhU lF
ntWgLwJ?
vj miyfS, nuhlfS
VgLwd?
kj thifF nguhf
vj cjwd?
myF 6
tiuglK cyfK
flf, ehLf, neuklyf, kiyf,
MWf, nguhf, flf nfhil, Ffhy
btgiy, kiH bgh unjrf
xbthW a sfJl.
fw isf:
flf, ehLf, aif
ynjhwf, cy mu
f, btg klyf, kiH
bgh gFf g mj.
myF 7
tiuglK ah
gu kW viy, khyf, kiyf,
MWf, rkbt, lf, flf, f,
fhW, y, , th nghFtuJ tf.
25
tuyhW
Foika
fw isf:
ah aif kW mua f,
nghFtuJ f g mj.
26
vlh tF
tuyhW
myF 1
myF 1
Kfyhaf:
Kfyhaf
tsf Ul
ghg, A]kh, mg, #fh, h#fh

kW xsuf, A&kh kW mg bhN
tsf bghU, y, fhW, - tsf

Jf Toa, Jf ayhj aif
jhtu, cy fhLf kW tdyFf,
r tsf, fkf, fhW RH, fhW
klyf, fhyiy kW bjhiy
bjhl vndh, btg, Na r,
<ugj, Na btr kW k
ts, nguh tsf kW jhtuf.
fw isf:
a Jiz fl, fyhrhu,

thf, bghUshjhu kW mwhl
thifF Kfyhaf Ma gF
vd?
Kfyha nguurf
yhaf kw rkaf kW
mt fyhrhu mtf
gF
rka, r_f csa kW
gghLJiwF ah cs
gntW kf gF
mua gntW nfhzf
_yfis, Tlik
KaJtij mj.
myF 1
nja xWik
fw isf:
Foika
k tiff, k tsik
g mj
r tsfshd, fk tsf,
nguh tsf fhW klyf,
Nar gut Matiw g
mj
ntWik xWik tiw nkgLJ

kW ilW br fhuf
fw isf:
xWik KaJt
flj fhyY jnghJ eh
xUtUbfhUt xWikfhf
brJbfhS xgjf
vLJfhLf
xWiks ehil cUthf
kf xWik vj
cjwJ?
vbdd fhuf Jiz
wd?
ehLf bgU xWikia
njhWF ffis fhQj
(ah ju kw ehLf)
fis iyW,
xWik cikahd
bghUjkhd afij J
bfhs
27
tuyhW
Foika
myF 2
myF 2
myF 2
kuhaf th kW trd
ntshik
r_f bghUshjhu
bghUshjhu u
uidf:
idf
Zth M
ehh
mfkJh mj
_wh ghgL ngh
kuhaf Tlik
ntshikia zF fhuf g
Kiwf tiff:
Ka gf gut khtU nghF
rthf
r_fuidf mahik, FHij

bjh, tWik, ntiyik, iy ca,
bghUshjhu uidf kfbjhif,
kf bgUf - f.
fw isf:
fw isf:
fw isf:
jfhz th M
vthW mfhy Mf
brYaJ?
Xsuf kW th nghuhl
a muaYF kW w r_f
JiwF kuhaf gF
Kfyhaf ailj nghY
kuhaf V Mia mikf
jtdhf
myF 3
Inuhaf tUif Fonawf
Mnya kW buRfhuf ngho
fw isf:
Mnyaf kW
buRfhuf FoUf vnf
ntshikia zF
fhufis flj
gf tiff k kW
fhyiy khWghlh VgLwJ
vgij fwj.
ah r_f bghUshjhu iy
ahJ?
cy iy ahJ? twh VgL
eik ikf ahit?
vbdd khwf bfhL
tuKo? iwa rKjha iy
eh vj l bghU
thnwh?
myF 3
bjhrhiyf
myF 3
kj cikf kW I.eh. rig:
rig
bjhrhiyf tsia zF
fhuf tifghL Ka
bjhrhiyf gut bjh
rhiyfS nja ts bjhrhiyfsh VgL nfLf.
kj cik m bgf cik

FHijf cikf - bgFHij
cikf nja kj cikf kW
khy kj cikf fHf.
28
tuyhW
mikjd?
vbdd Kakhd nghf
fjd?
Mnyaf W vthW
bt bgwhf?
vbdd Kiwfis
gagLdhf?
a
fw isf:
bjhrhiyf eikf kW
nfLfis g mj
bjhrhiyfis zF
fhuf g mj.
Ka bjhrhiyf gut
g mj
bjhrhiyfsh VgL nfLf
g mj
myF 4
myF 4
ah Mnya M 1773 Kj 1857

tiu Wj
Mnya M Kiw - r_f bghUshjhu
kW f Ujf -Mnya
ntshik bfhiff tf
gf ts - trhf v
ifid bghUf .
kjtsK nkghL
fw isf:
Mnyaf jf Mia
ah vthW
gLdhf?
mtf vthW btntW
gFfis bgW bfhlhf?
mtf bghUshjhu bfhif
Foika
fw isf:
bgf cikf kW FHij

cikf KaJt
cikfSF FoahF
ilnas ntWghL
cikfis ngQtjfhf
VgLjgLs mikf kW
mit vj brawd?
tiuaiw:
tiuaiw
cyf kf gut mik kf bjhif
ts khWgL nghF kj ts
nkghL kW nkyhik.
fw isf:
cy kj ts gut g nja
ts mt KaJt
g mj
29
tuyhW
j ehL XU fnzhl - kJiu

ehaff, jrh kW br nt
fyf
fw isf:
Foika
jiyik MSef kW thf

Mnya jiypL kW
bfhiff
1857 M ML ufhd
fhuzf kW cldo
fhuzf vd?
myF 5
vthW gntW gFfUJ

kf, fyf myJ u
fyJ bfhlhf?
gntW lf u Vgl
gntW fhuzf vd?
fehlf ngh vwh vd?
vbghGJ, vnf, vjdh VglJ?
nt fyf jik ahJ?
vbghGJ vnf eljJ?
myF 5
cyf tf nghFtuJ kW
bjhiybjhl
cehL kW maehL thg nghFtuJ, bjhiy bjhl tiff
kW tf jah kW kf bjhl
tiyd bjhiy bjhl kW
nja tsF ilnaahd bjhl
tf kW nghFtuJ cyf kakhj
fUJ.
fw isf:
bjhrhiyf vj mikJ
csd? cy kf bjhif
gut, gdhL nghFtuJ g
mj
cyfkakhj vj bragLwJ?
cy tf tiff,
nghFtu tiff kW
bjhiy bjhl tiyd
g, mit e kf dr
thF vj cWJiz
wd vgij J bfhs
30
tuyhW
Foika
myF 6
bt Muhf
bt Muh bghU, jnghija
fLof kj d
fLof KaJt.
fw isf:
bt ndhjfis
af brj jnghija
fLofis mJ bfhSj,
mit vthW kj dF
Jizwd?
myF 7
tiuglK cyfK
cyf ntshik gFf, Ka bjh
rhiyf, kf bjhif mik,
nghFtuJ tf nghwtiw cyf
tiugl FJ sFj.
fw isf:
Ka ntshik gFfis,
bjhrhiyfis tiugl
FF w bgw
31
tuyhW
Foika
bjhrhiyf vj mikJ
csd
cy kf bjhif gut
gdhL nghFtuJ g mj
cyfkakhj vj bragLwJ?
32
xgjh tF
tuyhW
Foika
myF 1
myF 1
myF 1
MW rkbt ehff
j ehL aif mik kW fhyiy
mua mik gf
KDiu Ka mrf
ah mj gF, vJ,
bkrgnlhah, nuf kW nuhkha
ehfff, a - f fyhrhu
(ntWik xWik) - #]blr jt
aif f, kiyf, lf,

rkbtf, MWf, nghwtiw tJ
sFj gUtfhyf, kiHgut
nkyhik
tiuaiw bfhiff (Principles),

cikfS, flikfS
fw isf:
Mwfiunahu tgj
KaJt vd?
Mwfiu, thif
elJtjF vthW cjwJ?
midJ MW rkbt
ehff wf kW
r_f mua, bghUshjhu
Ka waf.
mwhl thif ehff
rka Mwfiu gF
vd?
fw isf:
aif f kW
khtlf mik g mj
XlF kbwhU lF
ilnaahd fhyiy khWghil
J bfhs
e mwhl th nkyhik
vj KaJt thjJ?
kiH nrf g mj
fw isf:
ah kfsh
mikg e mua rl
KaJt
mj gf kW mJ ekF
vgo cjwJ?
mogil fUJfis J
bfhs
33
tuyhW
Foika
myF 2
myF 2
myF 2
ilfhy
j ehL aif tsf
Tlh
y kha Kiw Urig gF

mnuaf ehff kW
yhaf ebfhilf
tsf tiff, y, fhW, ,

fhLf, btf kW fk tsf,
tsfis ghJfhj, ngzjF
tsf ts
TWf eikf ikf ka

khy cwf .
fw isf:
fw isf:
fw isf:
ilfhy r_f
bghUshjhu iy
mua iy vd?
(ilfhy)
ykha Kiwia tg
mnua Urigf gF
vd?
ykha Kiw vwh vd?
ykha Kiw
yhaf jhf vd?
mJ vthW jhfglJ?
ykha Kiw mik
uf, kW Foahdtf.
myF 3
edfhy
bjhlf - fl t fLof njr, ehL ed ma bjhlf.
jeho iw tsf g,
mtiw ng ghJfhF
tKiwf g mJ
bfhs
myF 3
j ehL ntshik,
bjhrhiyfS:
bjhrhiyfS
ntshik braiyf tiff,
Ka gf gut, ntshik
Tlh vgJ vd? e

mua mik Tlh
KaJt ahJ?
uhk Cuh, kfsit,
khyfsit nghwt
gf, tilnas
bjhlf ahit?
myF 3
khy muR kW ka muR
nj kW gf (bra, rl, )
khy mu TWf ahit? ka
34
tuyhW
fw isf:
ma fLof
vLJfhL
ed fhy rfhj
eKila iwa thif
jifa fLo jhf
vd?
a
nkghL, khtU nghF jeho
bjhrhiyf miklij
zF fhuf, Ka
bjhrhiyf gut,
bjhrhiyf khRf, khRfLghL
kW f nkyhik
fhuzf kW isf,
uZau
fw isf:
bjhu vwh vd?

uZa u vwh vd?
u LjYfhd
fhuzf
u cldo fhuz
vd?
mW, W vtif
thifia jhaJ?
bjhu kW uZa
uah Vgl eikf,
ikf ahit?
mu J nghw mikf ahit?

fw isf:
fw isf:
myF 4
bjhu
Foika
ntshik gf, bjhrhiy

bghUf gut g mj
myF 4
jehL tf, nghFtuJ kW
bjhiy bjhl:
bjhl
tf c kW ma thg,
nghFtuJ y, kW thbt
nghFtuJ jah kW kf
bjhiy bjhl, bjhiy bjhl tiy
d gaf, bgUtU bjhiy
bjhl bjhEg, bghUshjhu
nkgho mt bjhl.
fw isf:
bra, rl, kW
Jiwf gf ahit?
mit xWl xW vthW
bjhl bfhlit?
ekJ khy bghUshjhu

nkghoF tfK
nghFtuJ vj cWJiz
wd vgij bjJ
bfhs.
khy ajF bjhiy
myF 4
Fokf
cikfS bghWfS, Fokf
tiff kW a
fw isf:
xU Fokf mogil
cikfS flikfS ahit?
xU eho eyF it
vj cWawd?
khyfsit kW
kfsit cWdfis
vj mogil nj
brtJ? vthW ghuhSkw
cWd, rlkw cWdf
MtJ? cWd MtjF
mtfSF vbdd jFf
njit?
35
tuyhW
Foika
bjhl d mikig J
bfhs
5. bghUslf:
bghUslf
myF 5
5. j ehL xU ghit
Fonaw bfhif
bghUshjhu kW r_f thif
jhf
j ehL kj ts nkghL:
nkghL
nkfltiw milt jeho

Ka - fia, rkJtij
xbthU bghJ kjD mila vLf
ntoa Kaf.
fw isf:
Fonaw bfhif eKila

thifia vthW ghjJ?
Fonaw bfhif vwh
vd?
Fonaa ehLf ahit?
Fona bfhoUF ehLf
ahit?
Fonaw ehLf r_f
mua kW bghUshjhu
mik vthW csJ?
Fonawf V Vgld? mJ
bghGJ elJ
bfhoUwjh?
kj ts - tiuaiw, kf bjhif
gut, kf ml, kf bjhif
ts, bgf nkghL,
bghUshjhu bgf gf,
kj ts nkyhik
fw isf:
kj ts KaJtij,
mj kh tU nghif J
bfhs
jehL xU fnzhl
jHf f fyhrhu
ma, fj, fiy, ya, ir
kW fll fiy fLofS
36
tuyhW
Foika
kW mt gF
myF 6
j ehL
ehL RWwNH bgU
uidf:
uidf
gtif cdf, efukakhj,
fhLfis mj, y , fhW
khRgLj, btgkakhj, kj th
mt jhf.
fw isf:
xbthU jkjD RW
wij gRikahf itUF
bghWid, iwa RWw
NH bgU uidfis
vbfhS w g J
bfhs
myF 7
j eho tiuglf
kiyf, nkLyf (lf),
rkbtf, flfiu gFf, khtlf,
fhyiy gFf, ntshik gFf,
Ka bjhrhiy mikl,
nghFtuJ tf kf gut.
fw isf:
jeho Ka lfis
Fgjfhd wfis bgWj
37
38
gjh tF
tF
tuyhW
Foika
myF 1
myF 1
myF 1
Vfhga
ah aif mik kW fhyiy

aif f ga tuK sfK MWf fhyiy
ah kW cyf mik
fhuf gzhkf Kiwf Vfhga ah, dh kW mj

isf
fw isf:
fw isf:
aif f kW fhyiy
khWj g mj
Vfhga vwh vd?

mjfhd Ljf vd?
Vfhga thf, mj
isf ahit?
myF 2
Kj cyfngh:
cyfngh
fw isf:
Rjju nghuhl _y
ah cyF mj
ghlf ahit?
iwF vthW ah
jdJ mil ehLfSl
mikahd eYwit ng
tUwJ?
myF 2
myF 2
fhuzf nghF isf.

gdhL rf kW mj njhf.
uL nghfSilna cyf.
ah aif tsf
tsf tiff, y, fhW, , fhLf,
btf kW fk tsf, tsfis
ghJfhj, ngzjF tsf ts
kfsh kW gKfjik
(Diversity)
fw isf:
fw isf:
fhuzf, isf, Kj cyf

nghiu jha fhuzf
clgoiff VgLjgld
gdhL rf cWduhf
ah iw tsf g,
mtiw ng ghJfhF
tKiwf g mJ bfhs
fw isf:
kfsh KaJt
xU ehoF kfsh
vj cjwJ
ntWik xWik
kfsh
39
tuyhW
Foika
cs ehLf (rtnjr rf)

nghdh gntW ehLf vthW
ghfglJ?
myF 3
myF 3
myF 3
ghr, ehr
bghUshjhu (bgUkj),
uZah rkjk uf (.v.v.M)
ah RWwNH bgU uidf

khRghL jhff btgkhj,
khwf kW jhff, efu thif,
kf ber kW tWik, gwhFiw,
Rul, y H, gtif cd fhLf
mj kj th mt is
ghd, kj kW rh
fw isf:
uZa u sff, fhuzf,

ngh Jau kW isf
gntW ehLf Vgl bghUshjhu
(bgUkjfhd, fhd)
fhuzf kW isf vd?
ghr vwh vd?
ehr vwh vd? mjDila
jiytf aht? mtf vthW,
V bjhldhf?
myF 4
ulh cyfngh
fhuzf, nghF, isf I.eh.rig.
fw isf:
ulh cyf nghdh Vgl

Jau (gh), mj fhuzf kW
isf
fw isf:
xbthUtU RWwij
gRikahf itUf ntoaJ e
bghW vgij, RWw NH
uidia vbfhtJ vgo
vgij mJ bfhs
fw isf:
ghd ntWghL kW rka

ntWghofhd gntW
fhuzf
tiw vgo vbfhtJ
fhzgL uidf
ahit?
uid vbghGUJ
fhzgLwJ?
myF 4
ah ntshik, bjhrhiyfS
myF 4
Efnth cikf
ntshik bra iyf tiff,

Ka gf gut, ntshik
nkghL, khtU nghF ah
bjhrhiyf miklij zF,
Ka bjhrhiyf gut,
fw isf:
Efnth cikf vwh

vd?
mit vthW
40
tuyhW
clgoif - _W ehLf
cWdfshf UJ njhF
fhuz V?
nghdh vthW wehLf
Jaukiljd?
Foika
bjhrhiyf khRf, khRfLghL

kW f nkyhik
fw isf:
ntshik gf, bjhrhiy

bghUf gut g mj
myF 5
a Rjunghuhl
1857M ML u nlhah
kfhuhah nguuif Rjju
nghuhl fhuzkhf njha
Ujthf fhF Kija fhy
kW ija fh rfhj - iwa
cyf Inuha Tl UJ j
Ia nrha nrhar FoauR
(.v.v.M) b#k Ia khj, nu
ghydf uidf.
fw isf:
a Rju nghuhl ga
tuf
iwa iy, Rjju nghuhl
ga tuf gaghL
iwa fhrfhj - mtuJ
bfhiff mir rahuf
kW Rnj - #tAyh neU kW
gagLwd?
mtiw vthW tiuaiw
brtJ?
btntW ehLf btntW
Efnth cikf
iwa iy j
eikf, ikf ahit?
vbjj khwf bfhL
tuyh?
myF 5
myF 5
ah tf, nghFtuJ kW
bjhiybjhl
jehL
jehL xU
xU fnzhl
fw isf:
tf c kW ma ehL thg
nghFtuJ y, kW thbt
nghFtuJ jah kW kf bjhiy
bjhl, bjhiy bjhl tiyd
gaf, bgUtU bjhiy bjhl
bjhEg, bghUshjhu nkgho mt
bjhl
fw isf:
ekJ eho bghUshjhu nkghoF

thfK nghFtuJ vj
cWJiz wd vgij bjJ
bfhs.
eho ajF bjhiy bjhl
d mikig J bfhs
f af, jij
bgah Rakahij
af, mP mzh
jHfF brj
bjhL mik ghd
kW Efnth ghJfh
nghwt jHf
gF
jeho r_f
Ujf, mt
jhff
bgjiytf r_f
Uj bjhL
41
tuyhW
Foika
KfkJ mdhl mtuJ e tfid

iwa cyf
myF 6
ah bjhiy EQz
bjhiy EQz vwh vd?
bjhiy EQz braKiwf
gaf, GIS GPS
fw isf:
bjhiyEQz vwh vd?

mj gaf ahit vgij g
mj
myF 7
ah tiuglf
kiyf, nkLyf (lf), rkbtf,
flfiu gFf, khtlf, fhyiy
gFf, ntshik gFf, Ka
bjhrhiy mikl, nghFtuJ tf
kf gut
fw isf:
jeho Ka lfis Fgjfhd
wfis bgWj
42

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bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

bghJ ghll tiu 2009

Tlkhf ntiy brtij

gF brY tia tiuglkhf

vthW gF tUtJ vgij

brJ fw, ciuahl

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

Ka rhiy FpLfis bjJ

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xU rKjhaF njitahd bghJ

bghJ kjDF vbdd

thifia eykh thH cj

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uhk tiugl, vdJ il

tFgiw iria flj,

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vdJ khyij mj:

kW _y ts Mjhuf <.nt.uh. bgah.

thif Kiw, cz, tsf

Kfhy Kj jfhy tiu

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

mogil gaghL va Kiw ghJfhj,

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njhl dbg, jrhYs

, rhjd bghUf, rhiy,

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

jehL tsfis tiugl

jeho vbdd tsf

n#. . ngh nghw fbgw

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

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Kfhy Kj jfhy tiu

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

gtif gaz tf, y

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

thif juij caj

btg kly, jbtg kly,

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kfsh btF fhykhf

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

tuyhWF Kgl jHf, ntilahLj,

Kfhy kjf aht?

murhf vwh vd?

rhWfis gagL ehff bjhlf

khy cUthFj Foau

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

mikl, ehff Ka lf,

murhf vwh vd?

u gfY - gUt fhy khwf

fLfij kW ehLj. uhl fyhrhu,

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

bjhbghU Jiw mik kW lfis

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

kfh#d gjf, Kija uhk

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bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

njhw, ghah cir braKiwf,

mogil cikf kW xbthU

bghJ ghll tiu - 2009 r_f ma

cUkhWj kW fhwh nkgu

mua ff nja kW unjr

I.eh.rig njhw, gf, mj w