2

www .areewan-eng.blogspot.com

1.
2555
2. Paradize Lost
www.google.com
Gulllivers Travels Jonathan
Swift http://www.bookrags.com/notes/gt/

3. ppt.

3.1 1 + + 1
8

3.2 1 + + 1
8

..
28 .. 54
.
bsruinter@gmail.com



English and American Literature
(1003417)



English and American Literature
(1003417)

.
. -
-
. -
. -



1003417

.
2554

(1)
(2)
1
1
2
4
5
6
6
7

13

1. (The Anglo-Saxon Period)

2. (Middle English literature)
3. (The Elizabethan Age)
4. 17 (The Seventeenth Century)
5. 18 (The Eighteenth Century)
6. (The Romantic Age)
7. (The Victorian Age)
8. (The Modern Age)
4

1. - 17
(The colonial Age)
2. 18

13
16
17
20
22
25
26
27
29

(The Rise of a New Nation)

3. - 19
(The Romantic Era)
4. 20

29

(The Struggle to Establish Peace)

29

30
31

 ( )

5
1. (simile)
2. (metaphor)
3. (overstatement hyperbol)
4. (understatement)
5. (Symbol)
6

Exercise

32
32
33
34
34

34
36
39
41


1. Evaluation
Semester Work
Individual and group work
Mid-semester test
2. Final Examination

70%
50%
20%
30%

Grading Criteria
Grade
meaning
Level of points Percentage
A
Excellent
4.0
B+
Very Good
3.5
B
Good
3.0
C+
Fair
2.5
C
Moderate
2.0
D+
Poor
1.5
D
Very Poor
1.0
E
Fail
0.0

more than 86
80 - 85
74 - 79
68 - 73
62 - 67
56 - 61
50 - 55
0 - 49

(2554)

(. 2542:
1055) Literature

( )
(Bellsletters)

(2554) Literature

1.
2.
3.

 . (2554).

(2526 : 28)



(2517 : 83-84)

(2554) Literature







1.
2.
3.




(Writer or Poet)
. (2554). .. 2525
(2539 : 754)






. (2554).

(2537 : 5)



(2514 : 58-133)

(2534 : 15-17)






Literature
2
1.

2.




,
(2519 : 4-5)

-




(... : 1) "" ""
"Literature" ""
""
(2539 : 155)






1.) 2
1.

1.1 (Fiction)
..
(2518 : 9)




1.1.1 (Novel)


1.1.2 (Short Story)


(Climax) ( 2537 : 12)
1.1.3 (Drama)

1.2 (Non-Fiction)


( 2527 : 11 )
1.2.1 (Essay)

 ""
1.2.2 (Article)


1.2.3. (Travelogue)

1.2.4. (Biography)

1.2.5. (Diary)


1.2.6. ( Archive)


2.



2.1. (Narrative)

2.2. ( Descriptive or Lyrical)

( . 2519 : 22-23.)
2.3. (Dramatic)

(http://www.eduzones.com/knowledge-2-1-1852.html)

 3
1.


8 12




2.






3.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


6.

7.


(http://www.eduzones.com/knowledge-2-1-1852.html)


1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.sheetram.com/main/products_detail.php?pid=2720

 2


1
1

Poetry
Poet
Poem

Essay
Drama
prose
Fiction
science fiction
Haiku
literature

English literature
American literature
Plot

Theme
character
Climax
Fiction

Tale
Fable
gothic novel
miracle play

morality play
Ballad

sonnets

14

iambic

pentameter 10 (
9-11 ) a-b-a-b /
c-d-c-d / e-f-e-f / g-g
Let me not to the marriage of true minds (a)
Admit impediments, love is not love (b)
Which alters when it alteration finds, (a)
Or bends with the remover to remove. (b)
O no, it is an ever fixed mark (c)
That looks on tempests and is never shaken; (d)
It is the star to every wand'ring bark, (c)
Whose worth's unknown although his height be
taken. (d)
Love's not time's fool, though rosy lips and
cheeks (e)
Within his bending sickle's compass come, (f)
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
(e)
But bears it out even to the edge of doom: (f)
If this be error and upon me proved, (g)
I never writ, nor no man ever loved. (g)
epic heroic

poem
lyric
narrative poetry
Meter
Satire
Author

denotation

house ,home

connotation

Image

home

6

1. (visual image) gray sea

2. (auditory image) the noise of

life
3. (olfactory image) sea-scented

beach
4. (gustatory image) sweet white

wine

5. (tactile image) the slushy

sand
6. (kinetic and kinesthetic
images)

Imagery

figurative
Language

I weep like a child for the past

1. (simile)

2. (metaphor)
3. (overstatement hyperbol)
4. (understatement)
5. (Symbol)
simile

metaphor

overstatement
hyperbole)
understatement

symbol
Tone
sound and sense

as, as
if ,as though, as when, like
appear, compare, resemble, seem

3
1. to be
2. noun
3.

(Alliteration)
(Assonance)
((internal assonance)

rime rhyme

exact rime, perfect

rime

slant rime, halfrime, near- rime ,

off- rime,

partial- rime
masculine rime

(Consonance)


7
Golden girls and lads all must

As chimney sweepers, come to dust.

He who the ox to wrath has moved
Shall never be by woman loved

And both that morning equally lay

feminine rime
eye rime
rime riche
end rime

Stanza

In leaves no step had trodden blacks.

Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
take her up tenderly.
Fashioned so slenderly.

bread / bead

knight / might

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

2 8

2 lines = Couplet
3 lines = Tercet
4 lines = Quatrain
5 lines = Cinquain,
Quintain (poetry)
6 lines = Sestet
7 lines = Septet
8 lines = Octave

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler long I stood
And looked down as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;\
The tide rises, the tide falls,
The twilight darkens, the curlew calls;
Along the sea-sands damp and brown
The traveler hastens toward the town,
And the tide rises, the tide falls.
Darkness settles on roofs and walls,
But the sea, the sea in darkness calls;

line
couplet

triplet Tercet

I think that I shall never see.

A poem lovely as a tree.

a
b
a
a
b
a
a
b
b
a
a
a

Rain, sun, and rain ! and the tree blossom blows;

Sun,rain, and sun! and where is he who knows?
From the great deep to the great deep he goes
quatrain

quatrain
paradox

Sound
Rhythm
Foot
alliteration

"Get out of bed, you silly fool!

Get up right now, it's time for school.

If you don't dress without a fuss,

I'll throw you naked on the bus!"
abab ,abba ,abcb

consonance

assonance

`I always lie' is a paradox because if it is true it

must be false.

(initial alliteration)

For winters rain and ruins are over,

And all the season of snows and sins;
The day dividing lover and lover,
The light and loses, the light that wins.
2
1. first / last
2. wood /
weed


lady baby free tree

initial assonance
internal assonance

all the awful auguries

Her forehead ivory white

Rhyme

I was angry with my friend.

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.
I was angry with my foe.
I told it not, my wrath did grow.
1 friend
end 2 foe
3 grow
4

(Literacy)
(Culture)



8
1. - (The Anglo-Saxon Period)
2. (Middle English literature)
3. (The Elizabethan Age)
4. 17 (The Seventeenth Century)
5. 18 (The Eighteenth Century)
6. (The Romantic Age)
7. (The Victorian Age)
8. (The Modern Age)

1. - (The Anglo-Saxon Period)
5 ,

(Vortigern)



50 -

 (.. 849-.. 899) -

.. 926

-
(Denmark)
- (epic)
Beowul

- (Odin)

-


-
-

-


(Old English) (verse)


9 7 2 Beowulf
Andreas

Beowulf

 8 11
.. 1010 3183

(Hrogar)
(Heorot)

schere


(Hrunting)






( )

" " () [8]
Ngling

. . .. 1908





(http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki)
2. (Middle English literature)

(Normans) (Norsemen Northmen)

(Franks) - (Gallo-Roman)
10


13
,
(Near East)
-

(Duchy of Normandy)


.. 1066




3
1. (Feudalism) (King)
(Commoner) (serf)

2. (Chivalry)

3. (Christianity)
(Middle English)
3
(legend) 2

1. Ballad

Sir
Patrick Spens, Robin Hood/s Death and Burial Bonnic George Campbell
2. Romance

Morte d
Arthur Havelock the Dave

(Verse tale) The Canterbury Tales The
Vision of Piers

fabliau

(The Bible) miracle plays Noah, Flood Last Supper

morality plays Everyman
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Canterbury Tales, The
Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales

(: The Canterbury Tales)
14 (
) (Southwark)

 [1]



(magnum opus) (The Decameron)
14













3. (The Elizabethan Age)
..1485-1625

(Pope)




Greeks Romans The Classics

(Humanism)


sonnets
masque
(prose)
(blank verse)
romance The Faerie
Queene Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, Francis Bacan
Christopher Marlowe
Elizabethan Literature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summers day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summers lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Summary
The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved: Shall I compare
thee to a summers day? The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison. In line 2, the
speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summers day: he is more
lovely and more temperate. Summers days tend toward extremes: they are shaken by rough
winds; in them, the sun (the eye of heaven) often shines too hot, or too dim. And summer is
fleeting: its date is too short, and it leads to the withering of autumn, as every fair from fair
sometime declines. The final quatrain of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the
summer in that respect: his beauty will last forever (Thy eternal summer shall not fade...) and
never die. In the couplet, the speaker explains how the beloveds beauty will accomplish this feat,
and not perish because it is preserved in the poem, which will last forever; it will live as long as
men can breathe or eyes can see.
Commentary
This sonnet is certainly the most famous in the sequence of Shakespeares sonnets; it
may be the most famous lyric poem in English. Among Shakespeares works, only lines such as
To be or not to be and Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? are better-known. This is
not to say that it is at all the best or most interesting or most beautiful of the sonnets; but the
simplicity and loveliness of its praise of the beloved has guaranteed its place.
On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved;
summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and
temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the eye of heaven with its gold complexion;
the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the darling buds of May giving way to
the eternal summer, which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is
comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly
every line is its own self-contained clausealmost every line ends with some punctuation, which
effects a pause.
Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to
have children. The procreation sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speakers

realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live,
the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, in my rhyme. Sonnet 18, then, is the first rhyme
the speakers first attempt to preserve the young mans beauty for all time. An important theme of
the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the
speakers poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future
generations. The beloveds eternal summer shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in
the sonnet: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, the speaker writes in the couplet, So
long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
4. 17 (The Seventeenth Century)
17 ( The seventeenth Century) .. 1625 ..
1700

Charles I Royalists Puritans
..1642
Olive Cromwell Lord Protector
Puritans Cromwell .. 1658
Charles II .. 1660
Puritans
James II .. 1685

1688 The Bill of Rights

(The Royal Society) .. 1662
Issac Newton, John lock Sir Christopher Wren

 Protestantism Catholicism
Protestantism
Puritans


(1) (Cavalier Poets)
Robert Herrick, George Wither, Sir John Suckling John Bunyan
(2) (Puritans)
John Donne, John Milton John Bunyan
(3) (The Restoration Authors)
Samnel Butler, ?John Dryden Willliam
Congreve

Paradise Lost John Milton The Pilgrims
Progress John Dryden The way of the world William Congreve

Paradise Lost John Milton

1667
INTRODUCTION
Paradise Lost is about Adam and Evehow they came to be created and how they came
to lose their place in the Garden of Eden, also called Paradise. It's the same story you find in the
first pages of Genesis, expanded by Milton into a very long, detailed, narrative poem. It also
includes the story of the origin of Satan. Originally, he was called Lucifer, an angel in heaven
who led his followers in a war against God, and was ultimately sent with them to hell. Thirst for
revenge led him to cause man's downfall by turning into a serpent and tempting Eve to eat the
forbidden fruit.
SUMMARY

The story opens in hell, where Satan and his followers are recovering from defeat in a war they
waged against God. They build a palace, called Pandemonium, where they hold council to
determine whether or not to return to battle. Instead they decide to explore a new world
prophecied to be created, where a safer course of revenge can be planned. Satan undertakes the
mission alone. At the gate of hell, he meets his offspring, Sin and Death, who unbar the gates for
him. He journeys across chaos till he sees the new universe floating near the larger globe which is
heaven. God sees Satan flying towards this world and foretells the fall of man. His Son, who sits
at his right hand, offers to sacrifice himself for man's salvation. Meanwhile, Satan enters the new
universe. He flies to the sun, where he tricks an angel, Uriel, into showing him the way to man's
home.
Satan gains entrance into the Garden of Eden, where he finds Adam and Eve and becomes jealous
of them. He overhears them speak of God's commandment that they should not eat the forbidden
fruit. Uriel warns Gabriel and his angels, who are guarding the gate of Paradise, of Satan's
presence. Satan is apprehended by them and banished from Eden. God sends Raphael to warn
Adam and Eve about Satan. Raphael recounts to them how jealousy against the Son of God led a
once favored angel to wage war against God in heaven, and how the Son, Messiah, cast him and
his followers into hell. He relates how the world was created so mankind could one day replace
the fallen angels in heaven.
Satan returns to earth, and enters a serpent. Finding Eve alone he induces her to eat the fruit of the
forbidden tree. Adam, resigned to join in her fate, eats also. Their innocence is lost and they
become aware of their nakedness. In shame and despair, they become hostile to each other. The
Son of God descends to earth to judge the sinners, mercifully delaying their sentence of death. Sin
and Death, sensing Satan's success, build a highway to earth, their new home. Upon his return to
hell, instead of a celebration of victory, Satan and his crew are turned into serpents as
punishment. Adam reconciles with Eve. God sends Michael to expel the pair from Paradise, but
first to reveal to Adam future events resulting from his sin. Adam is saddened by these visions,
but ultimately revived by revelations of the future coming of the Savior of mankind. In sadness,
mitigated with hope, Adam and Eve are sent away from the Garden of Paradise.

5. 18 (The Eighteenth Century)

18 (The Eighteenth Century) .. 1700
.. 1800





Arkwright James Watt

novel () Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson,
Henry Fielding Tobias Smollett

Robinson Crasoe Daniel Defoe Pamela Samuel Richardson
Tom Jones Henry Fielding Gulllivers Travels Jonathan Swift
Gulllivers Travels Jonathan Swift


.. 1669-1713
..1726-1727


Antelope
..1699


6
( ) 15,000
(Lilliput)

(Blefuscu)
800









(Adventure)
(Great Tartary)

40
9 40




30


(Brobdingna)





(Laputa)

(Balnibari)

( Glubbdubdrib)



(Luggnagg)

..1710

Houyhnhnms
Yahoos

Stella and Vanessa

19 ..1745
6. (The Romantic Age)
(The Romantic Age) .. 1800 1837




- (.. 1775 ..
1783) (.. 1763 .. 1802 .. 1803- ..
1815)
- ( Industrial Revolution)

Adam Smith The Wealth of
Nations
(Barons of industry)

Adam Smith The wealth of Nations

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
(7)
7 (poetry)

- (poetry)
- (novel)
- (essay)
- (drama)
(poetry) The Seasons The
Castle of Indolence James Thomson Auld Lang Syne, Sweet Afton Bonnie Doon
Robert Burns Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience William Blake, Old to a
Nightingale To Autumn John Keats
(novel) The Castle of Otranto Horace Walpole,
Frankensteir Mary Godwin, Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen Longsword Daniel
Defore, The Hear of Midlothian, Ivanhoe Kenilworth Sir Walter Scott
(essay) The essay of Elia, Old China Valentines Day
Charles Lamb
7. (The Victorian Age)
(The Victorian Age) .. 1873 ..
1900


The chartists
6
(1) ( )
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)


3

(1) (laissez-faire) Adam Smith

(2) (utilitarianism) Jeremy Bentham
(3) Thomas Carlyle

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) George Eliot
(5) Romanticism
Realism
(6)

Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Cry of the Children Lord Tennyson, Charles Kingsley
William Morris
2
1.
2.


Pickwick Papers
Charles Dickens
(poetry) Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning,
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
(essay) Diana of the Crossway George Meredith Kidnapped
(drama) The Importance of Being Earnest Ocar Wilds
8. (The Modern Age)
(The Modern Age) .. 1900

2

1. (law of relativity) Albert Einstein

2. (Theory of conditioned reflex) John Broadus Watson

3. (Theory of the subconscious mind ) Sigmund Freud




(1) 3

1.
William Butler Yeats
2.

Wilfred Ower
3.
Cecil Day, Lewis, Wystan Hugh Auden
(2)
(3)

(Internal thoughts)

(external form)
(4)
(5)

(6)

(7)

Journalistic style

4
1. - 17 (The colonial
Age)
2. 18 (The
Rise of a New Nation)
3. - 19 (The Romantic Era)
4. 20 (The Struggle to Establish
Peace)

1. - 17 ( The colonial Age)


2
- Virginia
..
1607 James Town
- Calvinism
Puritans
Pilgrims
Massachusetts 11 ..1620
Puritans

Gods Determinations Edward
Taylor

2. 18 (The Rise of a New

Nation)


Issac Newton




(nationalism)


(Spirit of compromise)

(theological works) A careful and Strict
Inquiry..ofFreedom of Will Jonathan Edwards
(drama) The Prince of Parthia Thomas Godfrey
(poetry) MFingal John Trumbull
(fiction) A Pretty Story Francis Hopkinson
3. - 19 (The Romantic Era)

Thomas Jefferson



(Civil war) ..1861 ..1765

 New England
Calvinism 3 (The Trinity)

Unitarianism



3
(poetry) Henry William,
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
(novel) The Spy the Deer slayer, The Last of the
Mohicans James Fenimore Cooper
(short story) Edgar Allan
Poe, O. Henry Stepphen Crane
4. 20 (The Struggle to Establish Peace)
Technology

(materialistic)

(standardization)
(realism)

 (poetry) Complete Poems Robert Frost, Two Lives

William Ellery Leonard, Complete Poems Carl Sandberg The Age of Anxiety
Wystan Hugh Auden.
(drama) Lceman Cometh Eugene ONeuk Dykey, A
Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams Death of a Salesman Arthur
Miller
(novel) Kingsblood Royal Sinclair Lewis, The Great
Gatsby Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Intruder in the Dust William Faulkner A
Farewell to Arms Ernest Heming way East of Eden John Steinbeck Opus
21
(short stories) Winesburge Ohio Sherwood Anderson
(American Nobel Prize in Literature winners)
1930: Sinclair Lewis (novelist)
1936: Eugene O'Neill (playwright)
1938: Pearl S. Buck (biographer and novelist)
1948: T. S. Eliot (poet and playwright)
1949: William Faulkner (novelist)
1954: Ernest Hemingway (novelist)
1976: Saul Bellow (novelist)
1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer (novelist, wrote in Yiddish)
1987: Joseph Brodsky (poet, wrote in Russian and English)
1993: Toni Morrison (novelist)

 5

(figurative Language)

1. (simile)
2. (metaphor)
3. (overstatement hyperbol)
4. (understatement)
5. (Symbol)

1. (simile)
as, as if ,as though, as
when, like
appear, compare, resemble, seem
A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns 1759-1796
O My Luve's like a red, red rose,
That's newly sprung in June;
O My Luve's like the melodie
That's sweetly played in tune.
Example : Simile examples:
1. Bob runs like a deer.
2. The willows music is like a soprano.
3. She slept like a log.
4. He fights like a lion.
5. She swims like a dolphin.
6. He slithers like a snake.
7. He runs like a cheetah.
8. He drinks like a fish.

9. She kicks like a mule.

10. He flopped like a fish out of water
11. She is as sweet as candy.
12. He is as thin as a rail.
13. When he got the tools out, he was as precise and thorough as a surgeon.
14. She walks as gracefully and elegantly as a cat.
15. He was as brave as a lion in the fight.
16. He was as tough as a bull.
17. She was as bendy as a snake.
18. She danced as gracefully as a swan.
2. (metaphor)

3
1. to be Hope is the thing with feathers

2. noun Life the hound (
)
3.
When thickest dark did trance the sky trance

Metaphor Poe Hope" by Emily Dickinson
"Hope" is the thing with feathers -That perches in the soul -And sings the tune without the words -And never stops -- at all -And sweetest -- in the Gale -- is heard -And sore must be the storm --

That could abash the little Bird

That kept so many warm -I've heard it in the chillest land -And on the strangest Sea -Yet, never, in Extremity,
It asked a crumb -- of Me.

Metaphor examples:
1. My dad is a bear.
2. The bar of soap was a slippery eel.
3. The light was the sun during our test.
4. He hogged the road.
5. She toyed with the idea.
3. (overstatement hyperbol)
A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns
1759-1796
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear
While the sands o' life shall run.
4. (understatement)
Fire and Ice

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice
5. (Symbol)
The Road Not Taken Road

The Road Not Taken

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both.
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that, the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and II took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
..

1.
2.
3.
4.

Cargoes by John Masefield

QUINQUIREME of Nineveh from distant Ophir,
Rowing home to haven in sunny Palestine,
With a cargo of ivory,
And apes and peacocks,
Sandalwood, cedarwood, and sweet white wine.
Stately Spanish galleon coming from the Isthmus,
Dipping through the Tropics by the palm-green shores,
With a cargo of diamonds,
Emeralds, amythysts,
Topazes, and cinnamon, and gold moidores.
Dirty British coaster with a salt-caked smoke stack,
Butting through the Channel in the mad March days,
With a cargo of Tyne coal,
Road-rails, pig-lead,
Firewood, iron-ware, and cheap tin trays


Quinquireme
= 5
cargo
=
ivory
=
Ophir
=
apes
=
peacocks
=
Sandalwood,
=
cedarwood
=
galleon
=
Isthmus
=
diamonds, Emeralds, amythysts, Topazes=
cinnamon
=
gold moidores
=
smoke stack
=
coaster
=
butting
=
coal
=
Road-rails
=
pig-lead
=
Firewood
=
iron-ware
=



Cross by Langston Hughes
My old man's a white old man
And my old mother's black.
If ever I cursed my white old man
I take my curses back.
If ever I cursed my black old mother
And wished she were in hell,
I'm sorry for that evil wish
And now I wish her well
My old man died in a fine big house.
My ma died in a shack.
I wonder were I'm going to die,
Being neither white nor black?

cross
cursed
wished
hell
evil

= ,
=
=
=
=

Exercise 1
Direction : Answer the questions. (20 points)
1. What is the meaning of literature?

2. What is the meaning of English literature?

3. What is the meaning of American literature?

4. What is the advantages to study English and American literature?

Exercise 2
Direction: Match the words. (15 points)
1. sonnet
2. satire

3. English literature

4. American literature
5. prose
6. poetry

7. novel
8. simile

9. metaphor

10. overstatement

11. understatement

12. alliteration

13. assonance

a. is a unit within a larger poem.

b. is a literary figure of speech that uses an
image, story or tangible thing to represent
a less tangible thing or some intangible
quality or idea.
c. is a form of literary art.
d. to represent as greater than is actually the
case.
e. is strong irony or sarcasm.
f. is a form of speech which contains an
expression of less strength than what would be
expected.
g. is one of several forms of poetry has 14 line.
h. is the repetition of vowel sounds to create
internal rhyming within phrases or sentences.
i. used to evoke mental images, the visual
sense, sensation (touch, taste, smell, sound,
orientation) and emotion.
j. the repetition of a particular sound in the first
syllables of a series of words and phrase.
k. is the most typical form of written language,
applying ordinary grammatical structure.
l. is the literature written in the English
language.
m. is the written or literary work produced in
the area of the United States and its

14. stanza
15. imagery

preceding colony.
n. is a book of long narrative in literary prose.
o. is a figure of speech that directly compares
two different things, usually by employing
the words "like", "as.

Exercise 3
Direction: Read the story and answer the questions. (10 points)
Beowulf: The Epic Poem
The epic poem, "Beowulf", describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times.
The hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a
hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before
himself. He encounters hideous monsters and the most ferocious of beasts, but he never fears the
threat of death. His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his
achievements. Beowulf is the ultimate epic hero who risks his life countless times for immortal
glory and for the good of others.
Beowulf is a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength.
He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. In his argument with
Unferth, Beowulf explains the reason he "lost" a simple swimming match with his youthful
opponent Brecca. Not only had Beowulf been swimming for seven nights, he had also stopped to
kill nine sea creatures in the depths of the ocean. Beowulf is also strong enough to kill the
monster Grendel, who has been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years, with his bare hands by
ripping off his arm. When Beowulf is fighting Grendel's mother, who is seeking revenge on her
son's death, he is able to slay her by slashing the monster's neck with a Giant's sword that
can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. When he chops off her head, he carries it
from the ocean with ease, but it takes four men to lift and carry it back to Herot mead-hall. This
strength is a key trait of Beowulf's heroism.
Another heroic trait of Beowulf is his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own.
Beowulf's uncle is king of the Geats, so he is sent as an emissary to help rid the Danes of the evil
Grendel. Beowulf risks his own life for the Danes, asking help from no one. He realizes the
dangers, but fears nothing for his own life. After Beowulf had served his people as King of the
Geats for fifty years, he goes to battle one last time to fight a horrible dragon who is frightening
all of his people. Beowulf is old and tired but he defeats the dragon in order to protect his people.

Even in death he wished to secure safety for the Geats, so a tall lighthouse is built in order to help
the people find their way back from sea.
The most heroic of traits within Beowulf is that he is not afraid to die. He always
explains his death wishes before going into battle and requests to have any assets delivered to his
people. "And if death does take me, send the hammered mail of my armor to Higlac, return the
inheritance I had from Hrehtel, and from Wayland. Fate will unwind as it must! (18)" He is aware
of the heroic paradox; he will be glorified in life or death for his actions. He knows that when he
fights an enemy like Grendel or Grendel's
mother he will achieve immortality as the victor or the loser. "When we crossed the sea, my
comrades and I, I
already knew that all my purpose was this: to win the good will of your people or die in battle,
pressed in Grendel's fierce grip. Let me live in greatness and courage, or here in this hall welcome
my death! (22)" Even with the enormous amount of confidence Beowulf possesses, he
understands that Fate or Wyrd will work its magic no matter what and he could be killed at any
point in his life. He faces that reality by showing no fear and preparing for a positive or a fatal
outcome.
Beowulf is the prime example of an epic hero. His bravery and strength surpass all
mortal men; loyalty and the ability to think of himself last makes him revealed by all. Beowulf
came openly and whole heartedly to help the Danes which was an unusual occurrence in a time of
war and wide-spread fear. He set a noble example for all human beings relaying the necessity of
brotherhood and friendship. Beowulf is most definitely an epic hero of epic proportions
.
1. What is Beowulf?
.
.
2. How did Beowulf injure Grendel?
.
.

3. Who was Beowulf's last foe?

.
4. What weapon did Beowulf use to kill Grendel's mother?

.
5. What is the significance of Grendel being descended from Cain?
.
.
6. How does Beowulf embody the characteristics of the ideal Anglo-Saxon king and warrior?
.
7. What is the name of the sword that Unferth gave to beowolf?
.
.
8. How are Wiglaf and Beowulf similar?(2 points)

9. How does Beowulf embody the characteristics of the ideal Anglo-Saxon king and warrior?

Exercise 4
Direction: Read the story and answer the questions. (10 points)
The Canterbury Tales Summary by Geoffrey Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales begins with the introduction of each of the pilgrims making their
journey to Canterbury to the shrine of Thomas a Becket. These pilgrims include a Knight, his son
the Squire, the Knight's Yeoman, a Prioress, a Second Nun, a Monk, a Friar, a Merchant, a Clerk,
a Man of Law, a Franklin, a Weaver, a Dyer, a Carpenter, a Tapestry-Maker, a Haberdasher, a
Cook, a Shipman, a Physician, a Parson, a Miller, a Manciple, a Reeve, a Summoner, a Pardoner,
the Wife of Bath, and Chaucer himself. Congregating at the Tabard Inn, the pilgrims decide to tell
stories to pass their time on the way to Canterbury. The Host of the Tabard Inn sets the rules for
the tales. Each of the pilgrims will tell two stories on the way to Canterbury, and two stories on
the return trip. The Host will decide whose tale is best for meaningfulness and for fun. They
decide to draw lots to see who will tell the first tale, and the Knight receives the honor.
The Knight's Tale is a tale about two knights, Arcite and Palamon, who are captured in
battle and imprisoned in Athens under the order of King Theseus. While imprisoned in a tower,
both see Emelye, the sister of Queen Hippolyta, and fall instantly in love with her. Both knights
eventually leave prison separately: a friend of Arcite begs Theseus to release him, while Palamon
later escapes. Arcite returns to the Athenian court disguised as a servant, and when Palamon
escapes he suddenly finds Arcite. They fight over Emelye, but their fight is stopped when
Theseus finds them. Theseus sets the rules for a duel between the two knights for Emelye's
affection, and each raise an army for a battle a year from that date. Before the battle, Arcite prays
to Mars for victory in battle, Emelye prays to Diana that she may marry happily, and Palamon
prays to Venus to have Emelye as his wife. All three gods hear their prayers and argue over
whose should get precedence, but Saturn decides to mediate. During their battle, Arcite indeed is
victorious, but as soon as he is crowned victor, he is killed. Before he dies, he reconciles with
Palamon and tells him that he deserves to marry Emelye. Palamon and Emelye marry.

When the Knight finishes his tale, everybody is pleased with its honorable qualities, but
the drunken Miller insists that he shall tell the next tale. The Miller's Tale, in many ways a
version of the Knights, is a comic table in which Nicholas, a student who lives with John the
carpenter and his much younger wife, Alison, falls in love with Alison. Another man, the courtly
romantic Absolon, also falls in love with Alison. Nicholas contrives to sleep with Alison by
telling John that a flood equal to Noah's flood will come soon, and the only way that he, Nicholas
and Alison will survive is by staying in separate kneading tubs placed on the roof of houses, out
of sight of all. While John remained in this kneading tub, Nicholas and Alison leave to have sex,
but are interrupted by Absolon, singing to Alison at her bedroom window. She told him to close
his eyes and he would receive a kiss. He did so, and she pulled down her pants so that he could
kiss her arse. The humiliated Absolon got a hot iron from a blacksmith and returned to Alison.
This time, Nicholas tried the same trick, and Absolon branded his backside. Nicholas shouted for
water, awakening John, who was asleep on the roof. Thinking the flood had come, he cut the rope
and came crashing through the floor of his house, landing in the cellar.
The pilgrims laughed heartily at this tale, but Oswald the Reeve takes offense, thinking
that the Miller meant to disparage carpenters. In response, The Reeve's Tale tells the story of a
dishonest Miller, Symkyn, who repeatedly cheated his clients, which included a Cambridge
college. Two Cambridge students, Aleyn and John, went to the miller to buy meal and corn, but
while they were occupied Symkyn let their horses run free and stole their corn. They were forced
to stay with Symkyn for the night. That night, Aleyn seduced the miller's daughter, Molly, while
John seduced the miller's wife. Thanks to a huge confusion of whose bed is who in the dark,
Aleyn tells Symkyn of his exploits, thinking he is John: and the two fight. The miller's wife,
awaking and thinking the devil had visited her, hit Symkyn over the head with a staff, knocking
him unconscious, and the two students escaped with the corn that Symkyn had stolen.
.
The Canterbury Tales Quiz 1
1. What is the first Canterbury Tale?
a. The Cook's Tale
c. The Knight's Tale

b. The Reeve's Tale

d. The Miller's Tale

2. Which tale in the first fragment seems to be unfinished?

a. The Cook's Tale
b. The Reeve's Tale
c. The Miller's Tale
d. The Knight's Tale
3. Which tale tells the story of Symkyn the miller?
a. The Wife of Bath's Tale
b. The Shipman's Tale
c. The Reeve's Tale
d. The Miller's Tale
4. Which characters are in love with Alison in the Miller's Tale?
a. Gervase and Nicholas
b. Absolon and Nicholas
c. John, Absolon and Nicholas
d. Absolon and Gervase
5. What is the name of the carpenter in the Miller's Tale?
a. Fred
b. John
c. Absolon
d. Nicholas
6. Who farts in Absolon's face?
a. Alison
b. John
c. Gervase
d. Nicholas
7. Who cries out "Water" because their arse has been branded with a hot iron?
a. Alison
b. John
c. Absolon
d. Nicholas
8. What is the genre of tales to which the Miller's Tale might belong?
a. prose poem
b. romance
c. modernist narrative
d. fabliaux
9. Which two characters are thought to be indistinguishable from each other in the Knight's
Tale?
a. Arcite and Palamon
b. Arcite and Theseus
c. Theseus and Hippolyta
d. Theseus and Palamon
10. Who dies at the end of the Knight's Tale?
a. Arcite
b. Hippolyta
c. Palamon
d. Theseus

Exercise 5
Direction: Read the poem and answer the questions. (15 points)
Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summers day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summers lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
..
Read the following questions before you come to class to help you understand the poem.
Lines 1+2
1. What does "thee" and "thou" mean? What is the difference between them?

2. How is the speaker's beloved different/ similar to Summer?

Lines 3+4
3. Is May a Summer's month?


4. How is Summer described in these lines? how different is that from the speaker's beloved?

Lines 5+6
5. What is "the eye of heaven"? What figure of speech is used here?

6. "his gold complexion" refers to who/ what?

Lines 7+8:
7. What is the significance of the repletion of the word "fair"? Does it mean the same in both
places?

8.. How similar is the human beauty to the season of Summer?

Lines 9+10:
9. What does "thy" mean?

10. How is the beauty of the beloved described here?

Line 11+12
11. What figure of speech is used in line 12?


12. Why are they called eternal?
.
Line 13+14\
14. What will immortalize the beauty of his beloved?

15. What exactly is the speaker celebrating in these lines?

Exercise 6
Direction: Read the story (Book 10) and answer the questions. (10 points)
1. Who is sent from Heaven to judge Adam and Eve after the fall?

2. What is Adam and Eves punishment for their disobedience to God?

3. How does the Son judge the Serpent (Satan) for tempting Eve?

4. What will Eves descendants do to the Serpents offspring?

5. Who helps to bring Adam out of the depths of despair?

Exercise 7
Direction: Read the story (Book 10) and answer the questions. (25 points)
http://www.bookrags.com/notes/gt/
1.

How does Gulliver end up stranded in Lilliput?

a. He survives a shipwreck
b. His crew abandons him
c. He is dropped there by an enormous eagle
d. He stops there for provisions and is trapped while he sleeps

2.

How do the Lilliputians offer Gulliver something to drink?

a. They break down their town reservoir

b. They divert a river

c. They summon the rains

3.

d. They roll out barrels of wine

How does Gulliver earn the title of Nardac in Lilliput?

a. By capturing the Blefuscudian fleet
b. By putting out the fire in the empresss quarters
c. By showing lenience toward a group of soldiers who earlier attack him
d. By helping the Lilliputians construct a new palace

4.

Instead of killing him outright, the Lilliputians decide on which of the following
punishments for Gulliver?
a. Blinding him and slowly starving him to death
c. Cutting off his hands

5.

b. Exiling him
d. Poisoning him

What is the line of doctrine over which the Blefuscudians and Lilliputians differ?
a. All true believers shall break their eggs at the small end.
b. All true believers shall break their eggs at the big end
c. All true believers shall break their eggs as they see fit.

d. All true believers shall break their eggs at the convenient end.\
6.

Who is Gullivers main caretaker in Brobdingnag?

a. The farmer

b. The queen

c. Reldresal
7.

d. Glumdalclitch

How does Gulliver leave Brobdingnag?

a. He builds himself a sailboat
b. He is exiled
c. He is carried away by a giant eagle
d. He is taken back to England by Don Pedro

8.

9.

Who first discovers Gulliver in Brobdingnag?

a. The farmer

b. A field worker

c. Glumdalclitch

d. Lord Munodi

What does the farmer make Gulliver do in order to earn money?

a. Perform tricks for spectators
farmers

b. Spy on neighboring

c. Work in the fields

10.

11.

d. Kill rats

Who is Gullivers main enemy in the royal court of Brobdingnag?

a. The dwarf

b. The king

c. The queen

d. Reldresal

What human invention does Gulliver propose to the king of Brobdingnag that the king
finds revolting?
a. Gunpowder
c. Lawyers

b. Christianity
d. Lying

12.

13.

14.

How does Gulliver end up in Laputa?

a. Pirates attack his ship

b. His crew mutinies

c. He is shipwrecked

d. He stops there for provisions

What do flappers do for the people of Laputa?

a. Keep them cool by fanning them

b. Protect them from birds and insects

c. Keep them engaged in conversations

d. Introduce them to other people

Why does Gulliver seem stupid to the Laputans?

a. He does not speak their language
b. He is ignorant of music and mathematics
c. He is unwilling to use a flapper
d. He does not understand how the floating island works

15.

Why does Gulliver summon the shades of Ren Descartes and Pierre Gassendi to talk to
Aristotle?
a. Descartes and Gassendi were supporters of Aristotles theories
b. Descartes, Gassendi, and Aristotle were all political satirists
c. Descartes and Gassendi were philosophers who revised many of Aristotles theories
d. Descartes and Gassendi were friends of Swift

16.

Why is Gulliver exiled from the land of the Houyhnhnms?

a. He urinates on the queens palace
b. He steals from his Houyhnhnm master
c. The Houyhnhnms decide that it is not right for a Yahoo to live among them
d. The Houyhnhnms decide to exterminate the Yahoos

17.

Why is Lord Munodi looked down upon by the government in Lagado?

a. He uses traditional methods of agriculture and architectur

b. He is ignorant of music and mathematics
c. He breaks his eggs on the little end
d. He once tried to lead a coup against the current government
18.

Who are Gullivers closest friends after he returns from his time with the Houyhnhnms?

His wife and children

19.

a. Lord Munodi

b. Two horses

c. Don Pedro de

d. Mendez

How does the king of Luggnagg dispose of his enemies in the court?
a. By slipping poison into the wine they drink to his health
b. By poisoning the floor they are required to lick as they approach him
c. By poisoning their clothes
d. By exiling them from the island

20.

On which island is Gulliver given the opportunity to summon the shades of the dead?
a. Luggnagg

b. Glubbdubdrib

c. Laputa
21.

What is different about the Struldbrugs of Luggnagg?

a. They are immortal

c. They have no capacity for memory

consume food
22.

d. Lagado
b. They are blind
d. They have no need to

Which of the following kinds of specialized language does Swift not ridicule?
a. Legal
c. Culinary

b. Naval
d. Scientific

23.

24.

Which of the human societies that he visits does Gulliver find most appealing?
a. Lagado

b. Brobdingnag

c. England

d. Blefuscu

Which of the following adjectives best describe Gullivers personality in the first three
voyages?
a. Direct and perspicacious
c. Gullible and honest

25.

b. Cynical and bitter

d. Kind and condescending

Which of the following places does Gulliver visit last?

a. Brobdingnag
c. Houyhnhnmland

b. Lilliput
d. Laputa

Exercise 8
Direction: Write the moral of the poem. (10 points)
A Poison Tree
From Songs of Experience
I was angry with my friend:
I told my wrath, my wrath did end.
I was angry with my foe:
I told it not, my wrath did grow.
And I watered it in fears
Night and morning with my tears,
And I sunned it with smiles
And with soft deceitful wiles.
And it grew both day and night,
Till it bore an apple bright,
And my foe beheld it shine,
And he knew that it was mine, And into my garden stole
When the night had veiled the pole;
In the morning, glad, I see
My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

The moral of the
poem
..

.
Exercise 9
Direction: Write the most favorite English poem with the reason . (10 points)

Exercise 10
Direction: Write the most favorite American poem with the reason . (10 points)
Exercise 11
Direction: Write similes.
1. A friend is like ____________. or Friendship is like ____________.
2. A friend is as ___________ as _____________.
3. When I am tired, I am as ________________.
4. When I am sad, I am like ________________.
5. The dog was as fast as __________________.
Direction: Write metaphors.
1. A friend is _____________.
2. Friendship is_______________.
3. Feeling tired is _____________.
4. He was a ____________ through all their trouble.
Direction: Identify the Words and Meaning of Metaphors and Similes. On your own paper,
find the simile or metaphor and write it down. Next, write the words being compared on your
notebook paper. Finally, write the meaning of the simile or metaphor based on the context of the
sentence.
1. The baby was like an octopus, grabbing at all the cans on the grocery store shelves.
2. As the teacher entered the room she muttered under her breath, This class is like a three-ring
circus!
3. The giants steps were thunder as he ran toward Jack.
4. The pillow was a cloud when I put my head upon it after a long day.
5. I feel like a limp dishrag.
6. Those girls are like two peas in a pod.
7. The fluorescent light was the sun during the test.
8. No one invites Harold to parties because hes a wet blanket.
9. The bar of soap was a slippery eel during the dogs bath.
10.Ted was as nervous as a cat with a long tail in a room full of rocking chairs.

Key Answers
1. baby octopus
2. class three-ring circus
3. steps thunder
4. pillow cloud
5. I limp dishrag
6. girls peas in a pod
7. light sun
8. he (Harold) wet blanket
9. bar of soap slippery eel
10. Ted cat

Exercise 12
Direction: Write the sentences that are overstatement and translate in Thai.
A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns
O MY Luve 's like a red, red rose
That 's newly sprung in June:
O my Luve 's like the melodie
That's sweetly play'd in tune
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I:
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry:
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
I will luve thee still, my dear,
While the sands o' life shall run.
And fare thee weel, my only Luve,
And fare thee weel a while!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho' it were ten thousand mile.
Exercise 13
Direction: Write the sentences that are understatement and translate in Thai.
Fire and Ice by Robert Frost
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.

From what I've tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

Exercise 14
Direction: Summary in Thai.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of the easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.

Edgar Allan Poe

A Dream
In visions of the dark night
I have dreamed of joy departedBut a waking dream of life and light
Hath left me broken-hearted.
Ah! what is not a dream by day
To him whose eyes are cast
On things around him with a ray
Turned back upon the past?

That holy dream- that holy dream,

While all the world were chiding,
Hath cheered me as a lovely beam
A lonely spirit guiding.
What though that light, thro' storm and night,
So trembled from afarWhat could there be more purely bright
In Truth's day-star?