SULIT 4551/2

SULIT/CONFIDENTIAL
4551/2 3 4551/2
Untuk Biology
Kegunaan Paper 2
Pemeriksa September
2007
2½ jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

TRIAL EXAMINATION 2007

BIOLOGY

Paper 2

Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION BOOKLET UNTIL BEING TOLD TO DO SO

1. Write downyour name and class Examniner’s code

in the space provided Aspect Question Marks
Tuliskan nama dan kelas anda Marks
code number obtained
pada ruang yang disediakan.
1 13
2. The question booklet is bilingual
Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam 2 12
dwibahasa.
A 3 13
3. The questions are in English 4 11
followed by the translation in
bahasa Malaysia. 5 11
Soalan adalah dalam bahasa
Inggeris diikuti dengan 6 20
terjemahannya dalam bahasa
B
7 20
Malaysia
8 20
4. Candidates are required to read the C
information on page 2. 9 20
4 Calon dikehendaki membaca
5 maklumat di halaman 2. Total
5
1
2 This booklet consists of 25 printed pages and 3 unprinted pages
[See next page
CONFIDENTIAL

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Untuk
Kegunaan Section A/ Bahagian A
Pemeriksa [60 marks/markah]

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a histogram for the number of organelles in a cell.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan histogram bagi bilangan organel di dalam sel.

Number of
organelles
(arbitrary unit)
Bilangan organel
(unit arbitrary)

Cell X / Cell Y / Cell Z /

Sel X Sel Y Sel Z

Golgi apparatus / Jasad Golgi

Chloroplast / Kloroplas
Rough endoplasmic reticulum / Jalinan endoplasma kasar
Mitochondria / Mitokondria

DIAGRAM 1.1 / RAJAH 1.1

(a) (i) What type of cell is Y?

Apakah jenis sel Y?

........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) State the reason for your answer in (a)(i).
Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a)(i).

........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan (b) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, which cell has the most energy?
Pemeriksa Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, sel manakah paling banyak mempunyai
tenaga?

......................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State the reason for your answer in ( b ) (i ).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di ( b) (i).

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(c) State one difference between cells X and Z.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara sel X dan sel Z.

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(d) State the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Nyatakan fungsi bagi jalinan endoplasma kasar.

.....................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa (e) Diagram 1.2 shows an animal cell.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

DIAGRAM 1.2 / RAJAH 1.2

Using letters P for secretory vessicle and Q for ribosome, label structures P and
Q on Diagram 1.2
Dengan menggunakan huruf P untuk mewakili vesikel rembesan dan Q untuk
mewakili ribosom, tandakan struktur P dan Q pada Rajah 1.2.
[ 2 marks ]

(f) Name structure R and state its function.

Namakan struktur R dan nyatakan fungsinya.

Structure R / struktur R : ........................................................................................

Function/ fungsi : .....................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(g) The pancreas has many structure S. If structure S fails to function, explain how
this affects the digestion process in the duodenum.
Struktur S banyak terdapat dalam pankreas. Sekiranya struktur S gagal
berfungsi, terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini memberi kesan terhadap proses
penghadaman dalam duodenum.

.................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan 2. Table 2 shows the energy contained in four organisms that have a feeding relationship
Pemeriksa in a paddy field.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan tenaga yang terdapat dalam empat organisma yang
mempunyai hubungan makanan di sawah padi.

Organism / Organisma Energy Value / Nilai tenaga /kJ

J 5.0 X 103
K 2.5 X 102
L 6.0 X 104
M 5.0 X 10

Table 2 / Jadual 2

(a) (i) Identify the following organisms :

Kenalpasti organisma berikut :

The producer / pengeluar : ...........................................................................

The tertiary consumer / pengguna tertier: ....................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i).

The producer / pengeluar :..............................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

The tertiary consumer / Pengguna tertier :....................................................

.........................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan (b) (i) Based on Table 2, construct a food chain in the paddy field using suitable
Pemeriksa examples.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2, bina satu rantai makanan dengan menggunakan
contoh yang sesuai.

[ 2 marks ]

Draw and label a pyramid of energy for the food chain constructed in (b)(i).
Lukis dan labelkan satu piramid tenaga bagi rantai makanan yang telah
dibina di (b)(i).

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Not all the energy is transferred to the next trophic level. State one reason for
this.
Tidak semua tenaga dipindahkan ke aras trof yang seterusnya. Nyatakan
satu sebab mengapa ini terjadi.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(c) If organism J becomes extinct, predict what happens to the organisms in the food
chain.
Sekiranya organisma J pupus, ramalkan apa akan terjadi kepada organisma-
organisma dalam rantai makanan tersebut.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan 3.
Pemeriksa

Progesterone
Oestrogen / / Progesteron
Estrogen X

K L M N

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Time/Days
DIAGRAM 3 / RAJAH 3

Diagram 3 shows hormonal changes, follicle development and the thickening of the
endometrium of a normal female.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan perubahan hormon, perkembangan folikel dan penebalan
dinding endometrium seorang wanita normal.

(a) (i) In box X on Diagram 3, sketch a graph showing the changes of FSH level.
Dalam kotak X pada Rajah 3, lakarkan graf untuk menunjukkan perubahan
aras hormon FSH.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Complete the diagrams of the follicle development in boxes K, M and N.

Lengkapkan rajah perkembangan folikel dalam petak K, M dan N.
[ 3 marks ]

(b) (i) Name the process L.

Namakan proses L.

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) State the hormone which causes the process in (b)(i).
Nyatakan hormon yang menyebabkan proses di (b)(i).

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan (c) Based on Diagram 3, explain the feedback mechanism which occurs in a
Pemeriksa menstrual cycle.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, terangkan mekanisme suap balik yang berlaku dalam
suatu kitar haid.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]

(d) A woman takes family planning pills which contain oestrogen and progesterone.
Explain the effect of this hormone in preventing pregnancy.
Seorang wanita mengambil pil perancang keluarga yang mengandungi hormon
estrogen dan progesteron. Terangkan kesan hormon ini dalam membantu
mencegah kehamilan.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[ 4 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan 4. Race Recovery
Pemeriksa

Oxygen uptake (dm3 per minute)

Oxygen deficit
(Y)

Oxygen
consumed
during race Oxygen
consumed at
rest
Oxygen debt
(Z)
X

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Time (min)

DIAGRAM 4.1 / RAJAH 4.1

Diagram 4.1 shows the oxygen uptake of an athlete before, during and after a 100 m
race.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengambilan oksigen seorang atlet sebelum, semasa dan
selepas larian 100 m.

(a) What is stage X?

Apakah peringkat X?

................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(b) State one difference between the race phase and the recovery phase with respect
to :
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara fasa larian dan fasa pemulihan bagi :

(i) Y and Z / Y dan Z

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) the production of lactic acid / penghasilan asid laktik

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(c) (i) A dog chases the athlete. State what happens to the production of
adrenaline in the athlete’s blood.
Seekor anjing mengejar atlet tersebut. Nyatakan apa ayng berlaku kepada
penghasilan adrenalin dalam darah atlet tersebut.

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan (ii) State three physiological effects of (c)(i) on the athlete.
Pemeriksa Nyatakan tiga kesan fisiologi (c)(i) terhadap atlet tersebut.

1. ................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]

(d) Diagrams 4.2(a) and 4.2(b) show the respiratory structures in two different
organisms.
Rajah 4.2(a) dan 4.2(b) menunjukkan struktur respirasi dalam dua organisma
berbeza.

DIAGRAM/ RAJAH 4.2(a) DIAGRAM/ RAJAH 4.2(b)

Name the structures in diagram 4.2(a) and 4.2(b).

Namakan struktur dalam rajah 4.2(a) dan 4.2(b).

Diagram 4.2 (a) / Rajah 4.2 (a) : ...........................................................................

Diagram 4.2 (b) / Rajah 4.2 (b) : ............................................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(e) State two similarities between the structures in Diagram 4.2(a) and 4.2(b).
Nyatakan dua persamaan antara struktur-struktur dalam Rajah 4.2(a) dan
4.2(b).
1. .........................................................................................................................

2. .........................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan 5.
Pemeriksa
Father / Father Mother / Mother

Daughter / Son / Son

Daughter

DIAGRAM 5 / RAJAH 5 X
Key / Kekunci :

Normal male / lelaki normal

Hemophiliac male / lelaki hemofilia

Normal female / perempuan normal

Female carrier / perempuan pembawa

Diagram 5 shows the pedigree of inheritance for hemophilia. Hemophilia is a sex-

linked disease caused by a recessive gene on chromosome X.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan pedigri pewarisan bagi hemofilia. Hemofilia ialah penyakit
terangkai seks yang disebabkan oleh gen resesif pada kromosom X.

(a) State Mother’s genotype.

Nyatakan genotip Mother.

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) If Father and Mother decide to have a sixth child, what is the probability of
getting a haemophiliac son ?
Sekiranya Father dan Mother ingin mempunyai anak yang keenam, apakah
kebarangkalian mereka mendapat anak lelaki hemofilia ?

........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan (ii) Explain the reason for (b)(i).
Pemeriksa Terangkan sebab bagi jawapan di ( b)(i).

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
(c) Son marries a normal woman. They have two children, a boy and a girl.
Son berkahwin dengan seorang perempuan normal. Mereka mendapat dua orang
anak, seorang lelaki dan seorang perempuan.

(i) Draw a complete schematic diagram of inheritance for Son’s family.

Lukiskan suatu rajah skema pewarisan bagi keluarga Son .

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Use the key to represent the phenotype of Son’s children in box X.
Gunakan kekunci untuk menggambarkan fenotip anak-anak Son dalam
kotak X.
[ 2 marks ]

(d) Daughter decides to get married. Explain how she can avoid from having
hemophiliac children.
Daughter membuat keputusan untuk berkahwin.Terangkan bagaimana dia boleh
mengelak daripada mendapat anak-anak yang berpenyakit hemofilia.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]

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Untuk
Kegunaan Section B/ Bahagian B
Pemeriksa [20 marks/markah]

Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the reaction between salivary amylase with a substrate in the
mouth.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tindakbalas antara amilase liur dengan substrat di dalam
mulut .

Substrate /
substrat

+
Salivary Product /
amylase / hasil
amilase liur
DIAGRAM 6.1 / RAJAH 6.1

(a) Explain the principle of the enzymatic reaction between the salivary amylase and
the substrate.
Terangkan prinsip tindakbalas enzim antara amilaseliur dengan substrat tersebut.
[4 marks]

(b) Scurvy, kwashiorkor and goiter are nutrition related diseases.

Skurvi, kwashiorkor dan goiter adalah penyakit berkaitan dengan

Explain the symptoms and the ways to overcome the health problems related to
the nutrition diseases mentioned above.
Terangkan simptom dan cara untuk mengatasi masalah kesihatan berkaitan
dengan penyakit nutrisi tersebut.
[6 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa (c) Diagram 6.2 shows the human digestive system which consists of
structures X, Y and Z.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia yang mengandungi struktur
X, Y dan Z.

X
Y

DIAGRAM 6.2 / RAJAH 6.2

Describe the digestion process in structures X, Y and Z with respect to

Huraikan proses pencernaan pada struktur X, Y dan Z berpandukan

(i) the organ / organ

(ii) the secretion / rembesan
(iii) the enzyme activity / aktiviti enzim
[10 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa 7. Diagram 7.1 shows the profile of a mangrove swamp.
Gambarajah 7 menunjukkan suatu profil paya bakau.

High tide
Aras
/Arasair
airPasang
pasang

Buttress roots
Akar banir
Low tide
Aras air surut Knee-shaped
Stilt roots roots
Pneumatophore
Pneumatofor Akar jangkang Akar lutut

Sea Mud bank

Laut covered by
sea water ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3
Tebing lumpur id id id
ditenggelami
air laut

FIGURE 7.1 / RAJAH 7.1

(a) Explain the colonisation and succession processes in Zones 1 and 2.

Terangkan proses pengkolonian dan sesaran dalam Zon 1 dan Zon 2.
[4 marks]

(b) Mangrove trees are found along muddy coastal areas which are sheltered from wind, strong waves and water
currents.

Tumbuhan paya bakau boleh didapati sepanjang pesisiran pantai yang

berlumpur yang terlindung daripada angin, ombak kuat dan arus air.

Explain the problems faced by the mangrove trees and how they overcome these
problems.
Terangkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh pokok paya bakau dan bagaimana ia
mengatasi masalah tersebut.
[6 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa (c) Diagram 7.2 shows a nitrogen cycle.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan suatu kitar nitrogen.

Nitrogen in atmosphere /
Nitrogen di atmosfera

Fertilizer
factory /
Kilang baja
Lightning
Animal / Plant / / Kilat
Haiwan Tumbuhan

Rhizobium in legum Cyanobacteria /

nodules / Rhizobium Sianobakteria
dalam nodul Nitrate /
kekacang
Blue green algae
Nitrat /Alga biru hijau
Decomposing Denitrifying bacteria /
bacteria / Pond /
Bakteria pendenitritan
Bacteria pereput
Kolam
Ammonium
Nitrogen fixing compound /
bacteria/ Bakteria Sebatian
pengikat nitrogen ammonium Nitrifying bacteria /
Bakteria penitritan

DIAGRAM 7.2 / RAJAH 7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2 explain how nitrogen in the atmosphere is maintained

through the activities of :
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 terangkan bagaimana nitrogen di atmosfera dikekalkan
melalui aktiviti :

• Microorganisms / mikroorganisma
• Factories / kilang
• Lightning / kilat
[10 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan Section C/ Bahagian C
Pemeriksa [20 marks/markah]

Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

8. (a) Diagram 8 shows some human activities which affect the environment.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti manusia yang mendatangkan kesan
kepada alam sekitar.

Town/ Bandar Forest / Hutan

Sewage outflow/
Buangan bahan Sawmills/
kumbahan Kilang papan

Transportation /
Pengangkutan C

Pulp factory /
Kilang papan lapis
Hot water /
Air panas

DIAGRAM 8 / RAJAH 8
(i) Based on your knowledge of biology, explain the harmful effects of the activities
shown in Diagram 8.
Berdasarkan kepada pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan kesan buruk aktiviti
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.
[8 marks]

(ii) Suggest ways in which these harmful effects might be overcome.

Cadangkan langkah-langkah bagaimana kesan buruk ini dapat diatasi.
[2 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
(b) Development must be followed by strategic management to reduce
harmful effects on the ecosystem.
Pembangunan mesti disusuli dengan pengurusan yang terancang untuk
mengurangkan kesan negatif kepada ekosistem.

Describe the advantages of each step suggested to conserve the environment

without affecting the country’s development as well as the problems which may
be faced if these steps were not taken.
Huraikan kebaikan setiap langkah yang dicadangkan untuk memulihara
ekosistem tanpa menjejaskan pembangunan negara serta masalah yang mungkin
dihadapi jika langkah-langkah tersebut tidak diambil.
[10 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa 9. (a) A dyhibrid cross between two varieties of chicken, Leghorn and Cornish,
produces a new variety, Rhode Island. The characteristic of the trait is shown in
Table 9.
Kacukan dihibrid di antara dua varieti ayam, Leghorn dan Cornish,
menghasilkan satu varieti baru, Rhode Island. Ciri-ciri trait adalah seperti yang
ditunjukkan pada Jadual 9.

Chicken variety / Characteristics of the trait / Ciri-ciri trait

varieti ayam Genotype / genotip Phenotype / Fenotip

Leghorn EEtt More eggs

Less meat
Telur yang banyak
Daging yang sedikit

Cornish eeTT Less eggs

More meat
Telur yang sedikit
Daging yang banyak

Rhode Island EeTt More eggs

More meat
Telur yang banyak
Daging yang banyak

TABLE 9 / JADUAL 9
Key : E – represents the dominant allele for the chicken that produces many eggs
T - represents the dominant allele for the chicken that is rich in meat
E – mewakili alel dominan bagi ayam yang menghasilkan telur yang banyak
T – mewakili alel dominan bagi ayam yang mempunyai daging yang banyak

Rhode Island variety is a better quality chicken compared to its parents, the
Leghorn and the Cornish. Explain why.
Varieti Rhode Island adalah lebih baik berbanding kedua-dua induknya,
Leghorn dan Cornish. Terangkan mengapa.

[10 marks]

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Untuk
Kegunaan 9. (b) Diagram 9.1 shows the life cycle of butterflies A and B. Butterfly B is a pest of
Pemeriksa palm oil.
Diagram 9.2 shows the desired trait in a new progeny (butterfly C) as the
outcome of genetic engineering.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan kitar hidup rama-rama A dan B. Rama-rama B
merupakan serangga perosak kelapa sawit.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan penghasilan progeni baru (rama-rama C) hasil
daripada kejuruteraan genetik.

Egg / Telur Larva / Larva

Adult /
Dewasa Pupa / Pupa
matang

DIAGRAM 9.1 / RAJAH 9.1

DNA segment of butterfly A DNA segment of butterfly B

Segmen DNA rama-rama A Segmen DNA rama-rama B

Key / Petunjuk :

q Q Q : the gene that allows a

larva to develop into pupa
and into a mature adult /
Q: gen yang menyebabkan
larva berkembang menjadi
pupa dan dewasa matang

q : the gene that prevents the

larva from developing into a
q mature adult /
q: gen yang menyebabkan
larva tidak berkembang
menjadi dewasa matang

DNA segment of butterfly C consisting of gene q /

Segmen DNA rama-rama C yang mengandungi gen q

DIAGRAM 9.2 / RAJAH 9.2

Referring to Diagrams 9.1 and 9.2, discuss how the population of butterfly B can
be controlled through genetic engineering.
Merujuk kepada Rajah 9.1 dan 9.2 bincangkan bagaimana populasi rama-rama
B dapat dikawal menggunakan kaedah kejuruteraan genetik.
[10 marks]

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