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dG i NCG S dG G SC J Y Y
LdG Zh LdG dG B L be ,HdG
NGO OLd EGh ,a eG aJ hCG dL H
FGSEG MG Qa .zSdG jH{`H j e OhM
iNCG WG CT fCT ,G V ,1967 dG
SdG jH e GAL UCGh ,FGSEG EG ,bdG SdG
IQOdG zAbQdG jdG{ bH fS j ddh ,HdG
LdG aN FGSEG NGdG IQGRh Y
.iNCG dG
f J zIe{
M dG G T j : dG d ch J
,S d j dG OhG V j dG H dG dG
fe jg Y G d j a LdG Ea ,ddh
,SdG ebEG M d j dG eCG ,Sd HJ
YLG eG H Y d gDe jh
EG M :Jh .dG jYdG dP ,FGSEG
GhKCj SdG jg eM Ea ,Ie Z dG jM
LdG e jdGh ,H dG d FG SEG ZE H
dEG hOj GhQU HdG G GcJ b Gfc jdG
Y h QGL
e UCG gh ,fR HCG OL jdG G Y J
AGL ,U e kYVhCG j G :T
H MG S SQ dG dG dG SS
eh ,SdG je Y G Y Ye EG aVEG ,G
.Jfe a dG Ife IOjR e dP e j
Y c M EG G YG , j W S i e Yh
SdG JeGh jQdGh dGh dG aGG
Y U L M Y IQ Y c e dh , b dG
(T e) YdG FW QfH
jdGh dGh dG
IZ b dG
S dG j dG hGC . jO bG VhCG A Sh d dGh
.MG e QdG b hGC ,fG AfGE G
fG A fGE j dhCG A YGE GE I Y dG J h
QGUGE GC Z , dG jG H S dG e SGh H SG
JJh MG AfE ITe c j dhGC Y dG
.IOe Y jd jGH T ,NGdG VdG
hCG dG
,kjS IZ b HdG Yd hCG dG c
jb ZQ Y q Y d ,QGh S G e j h
f H MG g JG bh .Q dG GE j dG h dG
,IZ bh HdG dG e c RGe H IY Y
j dG Rh I Y b Y GEh , jG dG J hO e
Uh jdG Rh cCJh ,dG WdG AdG GE HG
GE SdG dG GdGC L qV IQhVh ,dGh GgCG
.IZ b S h ,YG g
cQ ,IZ jQGC jQa hdG eG ZG H
g V MGh gdG Y gOL HdG YG
G SSCG dG Y cdG T dG eCG ,G
c dG GE A SGC g e R H c . fG A fE H
gGh eYEG edG GE dGh VGSc HdG
H YG d jdG QOe H RhHh dMG
.jQGC ZG L V LMG YdG J
4 IgdG fYEH AMGh ,G JG bHh
IZ b We dMG gG W ,2011 je /QjGC
G a H H dG GG fh , c
QhO Yf f JG Gg bJ Th .IZh SdGh
mM GE fG AfEH d eo e a , H dG GG
e bGdG VQGC Y d SSGC eVh ,G J
.W hO
Y A dG e H fE a , LGdG d M e Z dG Yh
QhO QX ee h ,VG HdG GE HjEG GTDG
,QGdG U bGe KCdG gS d W
AGL d J GN HcGEh ,G JG bJ dP
Yo bh .IG GE gQ aG H G J
H dG GG Y M J H I Y Y LG
YG H VQe QGSG e ZdG Y ,MGh L
kWJQG e efH IYb Y dG M H ,IMd
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dG dG Y jGh fdG JQdG fG

VGaG bG dG V e Y dG a , c H
,dG dG id eCG j KCG Y ,dGh
jh ,jdhCG GE QYG j J GMGE LGC e d
LJ IOYGEh ,WdG hG G kGjL kGQe
dG gG GE QYG IOYGE dch ,MG f UdG
QhO GEh , NG dG fGh Q Gh MG AG L J
e gOSGh ,jW keGYGC J iL jdG dG
.QGdG U bGe
dG dG fG ,VGaG bGdG U a
,NGdG dCd M OjE J dhDeh IOL Tf
,WdG jdG e YdG Y neh e hY H
jj /dG fc h .iNGC jb GEh JGdG GE hdGh
Y dGh H dG Y G G Y X 2011
kegG J dG ,(H jdG) YLG UGdG T
,fG AfGEh ,WdG dc ,WdG dG fGH
HT bGE SGh ,iSCGh ,IOdG Mh ,OdG HQh
.Y e
HdG cdG fG
VQGC GE VGaG dG YdG Gg fG e YS
jj /dG fc j f H dG dG GC Hh , bG dG
JQ dG eQ dG dGh H dG cQ H kG KC e
LGC e dG eqj dG dHh ,jGh fdG
IOGQEG dG FdG IdGh ,OGSGh dG e fG
S ka c dP XJh ,dG GME dG
MG jQe Jh fd SGh SCdG e dG
,dG dG id IU Y dG eCG ,VQCG Y
.hSCG bGdG e ZdG Y ,dG Y IQdH Kh
b bGdG VQGC GE GG fG RHGC e ch
e Y f fG , H dG dG G g c ,I Z
ja Y ,hCG : aGhO HdG YG
,QdG j a gh ,fG W MGC V Le
X JYa WGC dG dG GG Y ,dG
,MGh GB VQCG Yh ,VGaG bGdG QWGE Y L
kjJ Y dG eCG ,gGdG MG jdhCG CH
dc G jdG j dhC H G GQ dGh jhD dG
(IZ) UG LGe edG Y
jdG dGE j
e .FGO V LM EG BG SdG H G
je Y e djh H j dG SEG QGG
e H e j G S c j LG E a ,S dG
gOGSG GhcCG jdG FGSEG dhDG j J
dG dhD e EG jh S dG Y G d
jH FQ Y QU jdG g NBGh .dG
Y dG Y j :b dG ,cH f HdG SdG
UhCG : VCGh .QGG N bG dG j dG W G
e NBG AG Y IOLG jdG e AGLCG Y dH
dG FGSEG fG IQG WG Vh ,QGG
T EG k Ge , j dG dhD e d
,Yh .gZh Y c EG aVEG ,WG g iMEc
g cCG BG H dG d H W JQG cCG G E a
dG LG H j dG ,S d H J e
.dG FGSEG
T
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dj HdG L e UdG QGG
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jG EG NdG T S h .f jG Y
.q F dG G N e Y h G LG Y EG
LG jJ iL ,2011 hCG fc :aVCGh
dG H J dG LGG j ,(eJ) ch FGO
SdG jH J ,QGG ebEG eh .FGSEGh HdG
,G NGO j qY dhDe e FGSEG WTh
dG , qdGh d c e EG dP KEG j dG
EGh ,HdG jdG dG e F HCG U J
f Y SQ FGN hO e AdG a j e
j dG dH AdG Jd dh hO eh ,SGh
.dG LMG
,SdG Y G j dG LGh QGG c EG
zT jQ{h zeGQ{ We Hj QGG Ea
zTG eGQ{h ,dG e zFR H{h ,dG e
Y FGSEG dG LG aG eh .G e
CG b Y MG EG dG C ,T Ne
CG j b G CG Ia eh ,e jdG GhCGj
H SdG d dG dG dhDe EG
.
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10
zSa a e{ :dG
L d HG dGh d dG G e dG j
L , H dG dG dG
Y dG e gZ e H Wj TEG
hO e Y G d H jh ,dG
R HGC eh . T dG H cD j e gh , gZ
dG G T f j dG G
H c H bj jdG dGh ddG ,G
, jQ dG A H dG SC H , G G bRGC
K hGC ,IQd H j dG dG GHh
.He
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jd e c
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JQGh ,WG ZEG j dG Y LGh dG
.zY Ua Y G Hd f d dG e
%28 CG H OdG a QT SGQO EG dP SGh
GLGh fC JSGQO Gj fCH GhOaCG dG e
fCH GhOaCG e %34h , SQG EG U dG H U
HG bh , e bCG EG j dG LG M LG j
FG SEG Y L M O Lh Y G K e dG
j M e j e , bhCG H e d H
%48 QTCG H ,G EGh e hGh NdG dG
jY k GOLh g CG EG He jdG dG e
.qL hCG bdG W ,G e dH FGSEG
dG d ch SQG e A HCG HQCG d : bh . dGh

eG SQGG dG bH j c dG j
gCG ,dG Y gYJ IY eGY CG EG ,dG
dch fch .dG dGh dG Y jhdG feEG b
dG H ,f dG d J LdG Jh Z
N b SQe YJ Gaj CG dG Y j
.jfd cGT IYh ,FGHG d cGT
O f dhD G , jG T Ie cP , JGP Q WEG
F dG{ CG , dG GQ e j dG h G dG
Wh dG H eh , G S EG d H
dG jYdG aGe EG UdG feEG Y g ,SQGG
,FG bdG QGdG H G aGG hCG G
dGh fdG dG SD e EG U dG H Uh
dG c d QGOEG G Y ,O H i f J
OLhh ,d adG dG OQGG Z EG :YQdG
dH hCG dG aGG NGO FGSEG jY YCG
QfGh ,dG IOL d ac OQGe OLh Yh ,e
VfG gS ,SQG dG NGO c H dG
HdG dH LdG SQG GhdH GdG
f gh ,INCG dG GdG ,dG e %72 EG
dh ,%85 Y JJ dG IZ b e b e GPEG e
dG LdG Jh Z dch QhH j G g
S dG dG M SGQ dG d J a J dG ,(Gh fhCG)
f fRGH aj e gh ,IZ b SSCG
j e ,jfdGh S SCG MG H dG dG
H dG EG Ie dG zGhfhCG{ SQGe
PEG ,SGQdG dG cG H ,zSGQdG JdG{
SQG e SGQ dG dG dG O Y S e j
CG EG O H Jh . d W 50 HdG d H zGh fhCG{
hO dG FdG dG i MEG g dG c G
dG cEG H dG dG L dG
dG SCG gCG CG M ,eG cCG LQHh ,fdG
dG Y G feEG Y EG dH dG gcP
SQGG EG U dG H Uh d e SC O J
T hCG ej jY ag G J M ,eGh
.MG ej
EG ,e ja ,Qcd SSCG WH SQe je jh
,SQe 31 a jh ,T 21 dW 900 J SQe
e UGh ,SdG M eG dG e dG SQJh
j e ,G dG dG Sh YbH SQG
e d bf GJH dG CG VhCGh . V H U
EG Gf ,dG qY jd SCc ,SQG EG QdG
Jh .ZGa bhCG a j U N c eCG a J Y
,edG fCG J bj e ,JMS U SQG
S ddG j H ,SQG GhdG V fL EG
.ej SQe M
,IOQh HCG eCG LdG jb TdG Uh ,fL e
GJH dG EG{ Fb ,dH dcdG SQGe dG Vh
Y dj IjL H fCG Y jdG f j
S d H e gG a dG e H : VCGh .z j Y fEG
S dG dG dP KCG bh , SGQ dG e cCG dGh
Qbh .Y S fGh dG dG J dG
N F b c dG V d H dG dG d M IOQh HCG
YG e ZdG Y :a ,f dGh hCG V fG
WdG hdG fa ,H aCG c dG CG EG ,AGdGh
dGh VG Ja ,dG eCG .VH dG Y J
G SQGG Y J c Gh O bG
.dG
YQ dG W dG G ,c HCG A H eCG
G dG CG VhCa ,HdG dG T Ld
dG eeCG FY J dG cG e jdG fj
11 jdGh dGh dG
dGh dG
e Ggh
%60`dG CGh ,G gOLh AKCG gSCG OGaCG IQjR

L d j ,IQjdH jJ Y GM ,bdG
.GQjdG g EH
zGhfhCG{ fRGe J
OY ,HdG dG SdG WdG b ,HG
eJ dG eG J e QGSG EG :S HCG
,dGh dGh dG eGH UN ,LdG Z dch
J G CG U N , j dG dG EG Y j eCG
dG eCG df fEa ,Y AHh .I G CG dhD e
GdG LH fG hdG cH e c H IG Cd
e df c ,dhdG dG dch dG JGH
CG QYH dcdG e bJG jH dG j dG
.e dhO dh Ld e dhO dG dG
jdG j dG dG Y : S HCG VCGh
JLMGh LdH egG ie jJ dG
,dGh WdG JbSGh WdG gQhOh
L e gQ Y H L dG hD T I FGO J IO YEGh
L MG j QO H g aQ N e , S dG L dG
dG j dG e Y j d c . L dG
ee be gQYH G UN Y aG
e g aQ N e dPh , MG S S LG e
H dCJ EG k Ge ,IOdG M M AdG
He dCJh ,eG Jh dG d ch e
EG aVEG ,jdG e LdG hDT IFGO d
d HdG dG De d dC J
.dGh WdG De d
.dG GQ je j a U [
NBG QfGh ,dG YS UN ,FGSEG dG

,G dG Y G I g X g LGjh OGO j
cCG ,dG ej IgX dG{ CG EG Ge
bRCG NG dG dG hCG , MG L j dG dG
j CG fCT e e gh ,RG Mh ,SQGeh G
WCG id ,dG G e k Gch ,ReH Y LCG
%54 EG J SGQdG iMEG CG VhCGh .zG AdGh
GfY fCH GhOaCG ,H dG dG L dG e
e bCG CGh ,JM e e Me G dG YCG
FGSEG G Gb CH GhOaCG dG e H dG
jdG MLG C H %39 OaCG H ,
jdG d ah bh .IOY dG N FGSEG
J dG FdG SQG cCG EG ,ej Hj
gh ,Q dG WEGh , Jh R G gOh , YG
.iNCG SQh ,G M jQhO Jh ,RG
,gGHEG VY QTCG ,iNCG jhGR eh ,f IFGdG h
CG EG ,jQCG b dG Y T ce TdG
iSCG H e g dG T e Ic f
Y AGL gSCGh fj iSCG ADg CGh ,MG S
UH dhdG fGdG d c dG M Y G
e %60 CG H SGQO QT cG CG EG Ge ,IQjdG
,ISCG OGaCG e G MCG jd c hCG jd dG H
,Y e bC MG jRfR SCd VJ e %32 EG H
jRfR GeCG iSCd %37 EG dG JJ H
eCG %31 EG d ,GYCG Nh Y H e MG
,gGHEG Hh .FGSEG dG GYCG N e c
SGQdG H ,SCGh Yd HQbCG e OYh g VJ dG
e Gj HdG dG G T e %40 CG
QGOEG G Y J , dG f H j a
e dG O dG a J Y EG ,Q f A LQ , f c d
`d H dG dG GO dG dG G e dG
O Lh Y hCG IQ fh , LQ Nh G NGO zGh fhCG{
e W cG e O Lh Yh , S SCG jhOCG
.a dG J LdG YSH
cQT SGQO ah ,dG H e %73 EG :Qf dbh
CG GhOaCG ,dG GQ HdG zQT ie{ e YH a
OaCG M ,c Z dG cGG d G bdG
%35 LCG H ,a Iae SSCG jhOCG CH e %58
L CG Gh cP %5h ,jJ Ia e jhOCG L CG e
Y I a e jhOCG L j fCG G H LCG %2h ,I a e jhOCG
.WEG
cG TdG ,VY HCG S QTCG ,iNCG L e
G CG EG ,Hf b Ld Y dG
G e j e aJ Y J H HdG dG
,F e U U f O Lh Yh ,I G Y dG GP
dZ CG EG Ie ,UG GfGh dG cGh
e g CH GhOaCG ej HJh Hb jdG ,dG
dJ Y IQdGh ,G aH J J
g dG LdG id d G CGh , e Sh FG T
QfG EG ddG ODj dGh ,dG G aJ Y
G CG dG i j :d bh , j G VG eCGh HhCG
G g CG g ,dG dG H J dG FdG
e j dG dG QG dG Y (QG) K G
eG e bh .dZ j EG ,G
dG VdG EG ,U gGHEG HdG dG
.dG LM bCG j h Oxe G
a j ,I MGh U IO Y c EG : VCGh
e g :QSH Fe ,SCG W gMCG ,AWCG KK
M ,A WC c G gQh H e j A WCG CG G
j ,dG H fdG M edG YdG e j
id CG U qHh ?kej LGe 500 Qj e dN
dG L dG e I j Y ih T eG
EG jdG J Yh jhOCG OG dG UH
aJ VGeCG e GOY CG EG ge ,UG G
EG j dG CG ch . dG d ch GO Y jhOCG
dP Y e Sh ,ec J e G G
dGh ,dG e b zdcdG{ J PEG ;dG Y
Y J jG EG aVEH ,jG Y NBG
a jCG 10 Y G DhH OGR GPEGh ,dG
!a jG
zSa a e{
dG dG dG Mj SHc dG j
gh ,UG Lh Y G h ,eY G HdG
ce IQGOEG Y ,dG MdG Y cDj e
, Y U a a J Y Y O T dG ,QG dG T
H Y LG dGh ,jQ dGh GQ G EG Q aGh
LG d SQ CG EG Q TCGh . dG H G
e %20 CG c ,jT b gfCG dG ,H UG
ddGh ,dM j HdG dG dG
,ISCd jQ YCG eEG ,UG H j e
j jdG dG e OY dP jh ,UN YCG hCG
j e a b fh ,UG dG cT id
GLGh fCH GhOaCG %72 CG kVe ,eG dG dG
cG CGh ,Y Ua OjEG e LGj GdGR e hCG
J ,Y Y QdG dG LGj dG FdG
M ,G H dGh ,IG fh ,dG Ua b
EG J edG Y YS CG He %21 cP
e{ IQY CG EG QTCGh ..IgR QLCHh ,YS 10 e cCG
dG G T H GQfG cCG g zSa a
.HdG
dG zJ{
cCG ,WH T ce IQGOEG Y ,QS AH
dG eCG H j gCG F a Q Y
CG ,zdG J{`H SCG e IgX J M ,G
OLdG ac EG aVEG ,W eCG fCc dG e WdG
jdGh dGh dG
12
Gh dGh dG :IZ T
e dG Q dG F b UGC e j G f c
GC hQjh IMGh kM j ,JH eGC dG
SL j Q Q Yh Y bW W W{ Gj
JH o ,Ghc ,dGh .zSdY cQGh qM
,SCG GdGC e dG dZ f dG
dG bGh e h dY e ,Je FY QUh
.gOhGC Gfj GC dG e GhOYG M ,G Ia
([)
aJ Ie
HGC ah ,aH IQHdG e cH MGC fGE ?g e

dL e if HGC Shh ,IH WdG e Z
dCG HT Y H G j h ch ,I Z b H
.AdG bGe e M e K AGL fkMGC gGh ,kM
dh JM AL gGC g G :(ekY 24) cH j
hQ d .dG LdG S ceGC Y WGC c O
Wd UGG H j .G AHGC GE H j
jh .WdG M NGO jjh (e M) UCG J Hh
zIQHdG{ H GC ,GOa jY e dDG ISCG HG ,cH
QU M ,T Gc KGC gh ,fGhGC b j L
IdG JdhDe IYGe LGC e dG Y Gkeh GkHe
.fh JSGCh Wh
d dh
d ,aQ je e TGC b fG GE cH VG
Ig GE j QUh ,IZ Y e dH LCG H
bGh Y d dh fGC Y LQN GC fc NGO dG
e c bE me
n Z ,eGh ,dG Ua a aJ aGC
cHh .LGC L Y G keGC Y aQ e
g eh zqe{ g e H bdG NBH hGC H jY dG
H dG T dG H SGhQ NGB J ,z WG e{
WGd J dG eG Y VdH j ,IG
.zQG{ `H VdG kUGh ,IQHdG
dG UJ f UH QdG G a d M Y
e GkL G c e MORG g GC ( ek Y 27) Z HGC i J , G
cM c{ GC kVe ,MGdG Yh VdGh AVdG j
,dNOh IGCG hH j e UN ,OUe U ch
GC SGC :G Y Z HGC h .zfkMGC ge Qh
Mh ,SdG If bdG SSGC g G Gg GC fGC
dG hdG T d .IG adG H Y Hd
a aGJGC e Ggh ,eG J cGE Y FY TY
Sh c d a , f Th G H T e G c e
Y c eCd fQaG X ,bGh LGC e ,IMdG
.zUCG{ dG S
(T ) ae Z GU
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WGG j dG SDdG ie GE JJ H Jo
eGC . dG d H ek MORG W G cGC ,I Z b
J jJ jQe J GE gYa ,gCG SDG
JYGHGEh JGQbh gG JJh ,FWh G T
IdG{ GC j gh .zGOTh J AT c a{ ;G
eGC H Ife b e L
k hN fc GE kY d
T id ,W GE d{ fGC e Qj d ,ze dG
.za G
Hh G GE Y H bGdG ,zIeO{ jb HG if HGC
jh ,gGC H e jb H kjM hJ ,(jjGE) fM
GC j gh ,dG dG Y Hk keM kXe
e jFdGh FdG Y FdG YLG IG
dG Z G H j e UN ,zGkL dG{`H
HGC Jh .GQhPdH G QGdGh QG ah d
fch aJ jdG G T H Y TGEh
m H Z
GZQ fe kSSGC zLdG{h zWGG{ H bdG
e Kj b e eW fCH gGC e GOkYG ,e GhdG
.GeGCh VGQGC
JGQbh JYGHGEh gGe

dh :kFb ,gASG a Qj (ekY 25) kjGC if HGC
OH e j Oj kGeb H c e dL Yh
c h ,WdG S H M a Hh ,dG Mh AdG
JM f GPa ,SdG H dGh SdG jY edG
Y S Y d H fGC f GC e k H , f H
e Vh dH
,zQdG aU{ UCG JH Y G
k c S dG Z HGC
SGCQ Y ,I c SC ,QG GE dG I g J
dh dG fGh ,ddG QfG X Y Ua Y dG
IOdG GE LhRh J fGC IkcDe ,WG SGdGh HG
A HGC H zQ LCG I dG{ g gh , gOG LGC c M GE
IGCG GC cH a ij dG bdG h .jGCQ M ,G
L L dG cQ e S SGC aQ f G
YJ bGh eh Z HGC Ea ,geh gH IG J
g jdG idGh G GC cDJ ,jdG SDG iMGE
ddGh d kf ,d IGCG a VJ dG ceCG cGC
.G Vh ISCG OGaGC OY IOjRh
Z HGC a ,WdG gC eG eG Y eGC
Z d ch QhO Q bGh , gCG SDG QhO Z Y
Hh ,zfH dG{ J Y zGh fhCG{ L dG Jh
eG eG J M ,dGh dG eG
13 jdGh dGh dG
dG M Y MG
J FdG OG g , S e EG a e Yh
c M EG gS ke GhfhCa ;Ld eG eG
IOe eGH ah KZEG fYEH dG L dG e
fhBG Xke kLGJ J JHh ,edG Qhe e fG
.zLd G iG Y fG e ,INCG
hL Y edG dG fG Z EG S HCG jh
QGSG X Qe Z QU dG eCG ,dG dch YCG
gG V Y Gke ,e OY W L dG I f e
WdG H OLh e ZdG Y ,G dG H
.d cd G JCfCG YLG cGe gJ dG
SDd a Qhd a O aG Y S HCG jh
T : F b ,i NCG G G QhO e e j gCG
TG bGd aGQ ,gCG G UN ,G G
dG e M EG gS M ,dG G
Ua e k Gc ebh ,G dG SCG Ife e
GOe Y jdG fEG EG ,d dG
S e J M h X LCG e H ZG i G
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