1

M U

1. L do chn ti
- Khoa hc ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu sng con ngi ngy cng cao. S
nhim mi trng nh hng rt ln trong i sng hng ca chng ta ( nhim bi
kh thi, rc thi, nc thi t cc nh my, cc khu cng nghip), bn cnh c
khng t d lng thuc bo v thc vt cng gp phn nh hng n nhim mi
trng.
- Ngy nay ngi ta dng cc hp cht c kh nng lm thay i qu trnh pht
trin sinh hc bnh thng ca tng c th hoc ca c qun th cn trng theo chiu
hng xu i vi chng. Nhng hp cht ny c chit xut t c th su hi, t
thc n ca chng hoc c tng hp ha hc. Mc d vn cha c kh nng ng
dng rng ri cc cht ny, song trong qu trnh nghin cu v thc nghim c mt vi
trng hp mang li hiu qu r rt, cc hp cht c nghin cu l cc hormone,
pheromone....
- ng Thp l ni gn vi hai con sng Tin v sng Hu vi dng nc ngt
ngo hng nm bi p ph sa cho ng Thp, khin ni y t ai mu m, xm
lng tr ph, vn cy tri xanh ti tru qu. Tri cy ng Thp t xa xa vang
danh khp mi min t nc, gn lin vi nhng a danh rt i quen thuc: mn
Ha An, xoi Cao Lnh, nhn Chu Thnh, bi Phong Ho, qut Lai Vung....
- Trong nhng nm gn y nh vn ang chun b vo t thu hoch, bng nhin
rui vng t u bay ti o o tn cng vo hng lot cc vn cy n tri lu nm,
khin nhiu vn cy b rng tri, ch vn tht thu nng. t hiu qu cao v lu
di trong bo v thc vt, ng thi m bo an ton cho con ngi, cc sinh vt c
ch, trnh gy nhim mi trng, s dng cc ch phm sinh hc l mt hng i
mi y trin vng.
- Nc ta nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, nhit cao, ma nhiu v m
tng i cao. V vy to mt h thc vt phong ph v a dng, c bit l cc loi
cy cho tinh du (x, nhu, qut, cam, chanh, li) trong s tinh du hng nhu
ngoi cng dng cha cc bnh cm, ho, nhc un cn cha mt lng khng
nh eugenol v methyleugenol.

- Methyleugenol c bit n nh l mt cht dn d cn trng, c bit l vi

loi rui vng, loi rui vng ny xut hin nhiu kh hu nhit i nh Vit Nam,
chng hi ma mng (xoi, qut, mn). Mi thm ca Methyleugenol tng t nh
mi hormone ca rui vng c tit ra trong thi k sinh sn dn d rui vng ci
n giao phi, v vy Methyleugenol khng c cng cu trc ging loi hormone ni
trn nhng c mi tng t nn c th s dng dn d rui vng ci n. Bn cnh
, Methyleugenol cng c tc dng trit kh nng sinh sn ca rui vng ci, lm cho
mt kh nng sinh sn ca rui vng ci.
2. Mc tiu ca ti:
- Chit tinh du hng nhu t cy nhu trng ( trng)
- Tch v lm giu metyleugenol t tinh du nhu
3. Nhu cu kinh t x hi v trin vng p dng kt qu nghin cu:
- Lm giu metyleugenol t hng nhu gp phn gip nh vn ngn chn s tn
cng ca rui vng v gim kh nng gy nhim mi trng.
- y l cng trnh nghin cu c bn gp phn vo bo v mi trng sng, gim
gi thnh cho nh vn.
4. Phng php chung thc hin:
- Tm hiu l thuyt v tinh du hng nhu.
- Nguyn liu u l cy hng nhu trng( trng), thu hi v s l s b sau
thc hin ly trch tinh du bng phng php chng ct li cun hi nc, chit
tinh du. Tinh du sau khi chit dng phng php tch v lm giu metyleugenol.
5. Dng sn phm kt qu to ra:
- Bo co tan vn v bo co tm tt ti

NI DUNG
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN TI LIU
1.1. Khi qut v tinh du
1.1.1. Phn b tinh du trong thin nhin
Tinh du l mt loi cht lng c tinh ch (thng thng nht l bng cch
chng ct bng hi hoc nc) t l cy, thn cy, hoa, v cy, r cy, hoc nhng
thnh phn khc ca thc vt.
Tinh du c v nh nha sng ca cy, v vy n mang sc sng, nng lng
v mnh hn 100 ln cc loi dc tho sy kh.
Cc loi cy c tinh du c phn b rng trong thin nhin. Tr lng tinh
du trong cy ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, th nhng. Cy mc vng nhit i
c hm lng tinh du nhiu hn vng n i. Ngay trong mt cy, thnh phn v
lng tinh du trong cc b phn khc nhau cng khc nhau. Ngoi ra, lng tinh du
cn ph thuc vo mi trng sng ca cy, phng php thu hoch, bo qun, tch
chit.
V phn b lng tinh du, c bit c nhiu trong h long no, h hoa mi, h
cam, h sim, h hoa tn.
Tinh du c trong cc b phn khc nhau ca cy, nh hoa (hng, nhi, cam,
chanh,), l (bch n, bc h, hng nhu,), thn cy (hng n, peru,),
v cy (qu), r (gng, ngh, hng bi,).
Trong cy, tinh du c th dng c sn hoc ch to thnh trong mt iu kin
nht nh no . Khi , tinh du khng phi l nhng b phn bnh thng trong cy
m ch xut hin trong nhng iu kin nht nh khi mt s b phn b cht.
Phn loi tinh du: c hai loi l tinh du nguyn cht v tinh du khng
nguyn cht.
- Tinh du nguyn cht: hon ton khng c c t, khng c cht bo qun ha
hc nn rt an ton cho ngi s dng v mang li kt qu nhanh khi iu tr.
- Tinh du khng nguyn cht: l tinh du c pha t tinh du nguyn cht vi
cc cht ha hc khc m vn gi c hng ca tinh du. V vy vi lch s pht
trin hng ngn nm, tinh du c mnh danh l bu vt ca thin nhin, c pht
trin thnh phng php tr liu, chm sc sc khe, lm p trn ton th gii. Gia

th k 19, tinh du c tp trung nghin cu v tr thnh mt phng php tr liu

tng th v ph cp ti nhiu nc nh: Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Autralia, Nht Bn,
Anh Quc, Php
1.1.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du

Hirocacbon: cc hirocacbon thng gp trong tinh du l nhng terpene

(C10H16)n mch h hoc vng.
Monoterpene (n=1):
- Cc monoterpene mch h: tiu biu l miaxene, oximene, c trong tinh du
hoa nguyt qu.

Miaxene

Oximene

Cc dn xut cha oxi ca chng l linalool, geraniol, citronelol,

- Cc monoterpene mt vng: ph bin l limonene.

Limonene
Cc dn xut cha oxi ca chng l menthol, piperitol, carvon,
- Cc monoterpene hai vng: tiu biu l pinene, camphene.

Pinene

Camphene

Sesquiterpene (n=1,5):
Cc sesquiterpene mch thng v vng tiu biu l farnesene, gingiberene,
humulen, santalene, santalene.

Farnesene
Cc dn xut cha oxi ca sesquiterpene c farnesol, nerolidol,

Ancol: mt s ancol quan trng trch t tinh du thng gp nh: menthol,

boneol, terpineol, geraniol,
CH2 OH

OH

OH

Menthol

- Terpineol

Geraniol

Phenol v etylphenol: mt s cht phemol trch t cc loi tinh du nh:

thymol, estragol, eugenol,
OCH3
OH
OCH3

OH

H 2C

Thymol

CH

CH2

H2C

Estragol

CH

CH2

Eugenol

Anehit: trong tinh du c rt nhiu anehit, song hin nay cc anehit u

thu c qua tng hp ha hc. Ch c anehit nh anehit cuminic, citral v
citronellal c ly trch t nguyn liu t nhin.
CHO

CHO

Anehit cuminic

(Z)-Citral (neral)

CHO

CHO

(E)-Citral (geranial)

Citronellal

Este: cc este bc hi nhanh v to ngt cho hng. Mt s este c trong

tinh du: etyl anthranilate, benzyl axetat,
NH 2

H2C

OC 2H 5

CH3

Etyl anthranilate

Benzyl axetat

Cc hp cht khc: ngoi cc hp cht ni trn, trong cc loi tinh du cn

c cc hp cht thuc nhm oxit (eucalyptol), cc aminoaxit (axit antranilic), cc

lacton (coumarin, ambretolit), cc hp cht c lu hunh (anlyl isosulfocyannat), hp

cht c nit (metyl antranilat).
1.2. c im thc vt
*c im h Hoa mi (Lamiaceae hoc Labiatae)
H Hoa mi (Lamiaceae hoc Labiatae) cn c gi l Hng, h Bc H, l
mt h thc vt c hoa. H Hoa mi cha t 233 n 263 chi v khong 6900 ti 7173
loi.
H Hoa mi c khong 130 loi Vit Nam, u l c thn tho, l hay c tinh
du nn c mi c trng, nhiu loi c trng lm rau thm n.
Cc loi thc vt trong h ny ni chung c hng thm trong mi phn ca
cy v bao gm nhiu loi cy thn tho c s dng rng ri trong m thc, nh
hung qu, bc h, hng tho, x thm, hng bc h, kinh gii, nga ch, bch l
hng, oi hng, ta t, hng nhu, Mt s loi cy bi hay cy g, him gp hn
l cc dng day leo. Nhiu loi c gieo trng rng ri, khng ch v hng thm ca
chng m cn v d gieo trng: chng thuc v cc loi thc vt d nhn ging nht
bng cc cnh gim. Bn cnh nhng loi ly l n, lm gia v cn mt s loi c
trng lm cnh (hng chanh), mt s loi khc c trng v mc ch ly ht lm
thc phm (nh ht cy chia).
Tn gi nguyn gc ca h ny l Labiatae, do hoa ca chng thng thng c
cc cnh hoa hp thnh mi trn v mi di nhng phn ln cc nh thc vt hc
hin ti thch s dng tn gi Lamiaceae hn khi ni v h ny. Cc l ca chng
mc cho ch thp, ngha l l sau mc vung gc vi l trc, hay mc vng. Thn
cy ni chung c tit din hnh vung, nhng iu ny khng phi bt buc tt c
cc loi cng nh tit din kiu ny cng c th xut hin cc h thc vt khc. Hoa
ca chng i xng hai bn vi 5 cnh hoa hp, 5 l i hp. Chng thng l lng
tnh v mc vng (cm hoa trng ging nh mt vng hoa nhng thc t bao gm hai
cm chm li. Nhy hoa to bao gm hai l non hp li. Nm cnh hoa hp li thnh
ng. Trng hoa i xng hai bn, thng l hai mi. Bn (hoc t hn) s nh hoa c
th sinh sn.
* c im thc vt chi Hng qu (Ocimum basilicum)

Chi Hng qu hay chi (Ocimum) l mt chi thc vt c khong 35 loi cy

thn tho hay cy bi sng mt nm hoc lu nm, c hng thm, thuc v h Hoa
mi (Lamiaceae), c ngun gc vng nhit i v n i m ca Cu th gii.
Ocimum basilicum (hung qu) l cy gia v c tm quan trng trong m thc.
Ocimum tenuiflorum (hng nhu ta) l mt lai cy thn thnh n nhng khng
c s dng nhiu cho cc mc ch nu n. c bit di tn gi tulsi, loi cy
ny c dng th cng thn Vishnu trong mt s b phn ca o Hin u. Mt
loi tr lm t l cy ny c s dng lm thuc cha cm lnh n .
Cy hng Thi, mt ging cy trng khc ca cng loi, l mt thnh phn ph
bin trong m thc Thi Lan vi hng v mnh tng t nh mi ca i hi, c
dng to hng v trong cc mn cari v cc mn xo.
1.3. Thnh phn ha hc v dc l ca cy Hng nhu trng ( trng)

Hnh 1.1. Cy hng nhu trng

Tn khoa hc: Ocimum gratissimum Linn.
H khoa hc: H Hoa mi (Labiatae hoc Lamiaceae).
1.3.1. c im cy hng nhu trng
- Hng nhu (Ocimum) l mt loi cy ly tinh du v lm thuc, h Hoa mi.
Hng l mi thm, nhu l mm, cy c mi thm, l mm nn gi l hng nhu.
- C hai loi l hng nhu trng ( trng) v hng nhu ta ( ta):
+ Cy hng nhu trng ( trng): cy tho cao 1 2m, sng nhiu nm. Thn
vung, c lng, ho g gc; khi cn non 4 cnh thn mu nu ta, cn 4 mt thn
mu xanh nht, khi gi thn c mu nu. L mc i cho ch thp, c cung di,
phin di 5 10cm thun hnh mi mc, mp kha rng th, u nhn di, c lng
nhiu lng hai mt, mt trn xanh thm hn mt di. Hoa mu trng mc thnh xim

co k l hoc u cnh. Hoa khng u, c trng hoa mu trng chia hai mi, nh 4,
th ra ngoi bao hoa. Qu b t, bao bi i hoa tn ti. Ton cy c mi thm.
+ Cy hng nhu ta ( ta): l cy thn v cnh c mu tm, c lng qup. L mc
i, hnh trng nhn, c cung di, thun hnh mc hay hnh trng, di 1 5cm, mp
c rng ca, hai mt u c lng. Hoa mu tm mc thnh chm n, xp thnh tng
vng t 6 8 chic trn chm, t phn nhnh.
- Cy c ngun gc Nam Phi nay c trng nhiu ni trn th gii: Lin X
c, Xrilanca, Malaixia, n .
- Vit Nam, cy mc hoang di mt s a phng: Qung Ninh, H Giang,
Ph Th, Yn Bi, Cu Long,... nay c trng nhiu min Bc: ngoi thnh H
Ni, H Ty, Nam H, Hi Hng, Sn La, Lai Chu; min Trung: c Lc v mt
s tnh Nam b, ngoi thnh Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
1.3.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du hng nhu
Eugenol (C10H22O2)
H 2C

CH

CH2

OCH3
OH

2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol
- Trng lng phn t: 164,20 g/mol.
- Nhit nng chy: 90C.
- Nhit si: 2560C.
- Chit sut: 1,540 1,542.
L cht lng nht nh du, mu vng nht, tr thnh nu trong khng kh, c
mi thm. Tan trong etanol, clorofom v ete; rt t tan trong nc. n nh trong iu
kin thng, nhy cm vi nh sng.
Metyleugenol (C11H 14O2)
O
O

1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene
- Trng lng phn t: 178,23 g/mol
- Nhit nng chy: 40C.

- Nhit si: 2480C.

- Chit sut: 1,533 1,535.
L cht lng khng mu hoc vng nht, ha nu trong khng kh, c mi thm
c trng, khng tan trong nc, tan trong dung mi hu c, n nh trong iu kin
thng. Metyleugenol l mt cht dn d cn trng, c bit l rui vng xut hin
nhng ni kh hu nhit i.
Thymol (C10H14O)

OH

5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenol
- Phn t gam: 150,22 g/mol.
- Nhit nng chy: 49 510C.
- Nhit si: 2320C.
L tinh th mu trng, mi thm d chu v c tnh st trng mnh. Thymol ch
hi ha tan trong nc, nhng tan tt trong ru v cc dung mi hu c khc.
Cavarol (C10H14O)
OH

OH

2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenol

5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenol

- Phn t gam: 150,217 g/mol.

- Nhit nng chy: 10C.
- Nhit si: 237,70C.
L mt phenol monoterpenoid, c tnh hng, v m p v mi ca rau oregano
pizza. t tan trong nc, tan trong etanol, dietyl ete, cacbon tetreclorua, axeton.
p-Cynmene

1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene
- Phn t gam: 134,21 g/mol.

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- Nhit si: 1770C.

- Nhit nng chy: 680C.
L cht lng khng mu, khng tan trong nc, nhng tan trong etanol v ete.
Bisabolene (C15H24)

(4E)-1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-ylidene)cyclohexene
- Trng lng phn t: 204,35 g/mol.
- Nhit si: 274 2750C.
L cht lng khng mu, tan trong ru, khng ha tan trong nc.
Terpinene (C10H16)

1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene
- Khi lng phn t: 136,24 g/mol.
- Nhit nng chy: 60 610C.
- Nhit si: 173,5 174,80C.
Camphene (C10H16)

2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan
- Khi lng phn t: 136,24 g/mol.
- Nhit nng chy: 45 480C.
- Nhit si: 158 1590C.
L cht sp rn, trng, khng ha tan trong nc; tan trong ru v clorofom.
- Pinene (C10H16)

(+) - Pinene

()- - Pinene

11

- Khi lng phn t: 136,24 g/mol.

- Nhit nng chy: -62 550C.
- Nhit si: 155 1560C.
L mt monoterpen v l cht lng khng mu, khng tan trong nc.
Limonene (C10H16)

(R)-(+)-Limonene

(S)-()-Limonene

- Khi lng phn t: 136,24 g/mol.

- Nhit nng chy: 99,50C.
- Nhit si: 177,60C.
L mt cht t nhin t nhm ca terpene monocyclic monoterpene. C hai
enantiomers: (R)-(+)-Limonene v (S)-()-Limonene. L cht lng, hi tan trong
nc.
- Caryophyllene (C15H24)

(1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6-trimethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
- Khi lng phn t: 204,36 g/mol.
- Nhit si: 106 1070C.
- Caryophyllene (C15H24)

6-ethyl-1,7-dimethyl-5-methylidenecyclononene
- Khi lng phn t: 204,36 g/mol.
- Nhit nng chy: 69 700C.
- Nhit si: 129 1300C.
1.3.3. Mt s ng dng

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1.3.3.1. Trong y hc
- Ty y hin nay cha thy dng cy ny lm thuc. Thng ch dng ct tinh
du ch eugenol dng trong nha khoa v trong vic t hp cht vanilin.
- Theo ng y, hng nhu c v cay, hi n, vo 2 kinh ph v v, c tc dng
lm ra m hi, cha cm mo, gim st, li thp, hnh thy; au u, au bng, bun
nn, thy thng, i ngoi lng, chy mu cam,...
+ Tc dng gii nhit: Hng nhu (dng sng) hoc sc ung ln th nht, thy
nhit gim, ung 3 ln lin tc thy c tc dng gii nhit.
+ Tc dng gim au: du hng nhu 0,3ml/kg v 0,15ml/kg rt vo d dy
chut nht thy c tc dng c ch, gim cht.
+ Nc sc hng nhu c tc dng trn tnh.
+ Du hng nhu liu 190ml/kg cho ung lin tc 7 8 ngy, thy c tc dng
tng cng kh nng min dch.
+ Tc dng khng khun: du hng nhu c tc dng khng khun i vi trc
khun thng hn, trc khun l, trc khun bch cu, trc khun ph vim, cc loi
trc khun.
- n thuc kinh nghim:
+ Cha cm nng, nn ma, tiu chy hoc do ma h n qu nhiu cc th sng
lnh: hng nhu 12g, ta t (l v cnh) 9g, mc qua 9g, sc nc ung trong ngy.
+ Cha ma h b cm do nhim gi lnh, ung qu nhiu th nc mt, hoc b
cm nng dn n ngi pht st, s lnh, u au, ngc y, khng m hi: hng
nhu 8g, hu phc 6g, bch bin u (u vn trng) 12g, sc nc ung. Ngoi cch
sc ung, cn c th s dng di dng thuc tn: dng hng nhu 500g, hu phc
(tm gng nng) 200g, bch bin u (sao vng) 2000g, tt c 3 v tn nh trn u;
mi ln dng 10g, pha vi nc un si ung.
+ Cha cm trong 4 ma (t thi cm mo): hng nhu tn nh, mi ln dng
8g, pha vi nc si hay dng ru hm nng m chiu thuc; ung vo m hi ra
c l khi bnh.
+ Cha cm st nhc u: dng l hng nhu ti mt nm, gi nh, ch thm
nc si, vt ly nc ct ung, b p ln u, trn, v hai bn thi dng. Nu st
c m hi th thm c sn dy ti 20g, cng gi vt nc ung.

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+ Cha ph thng, tiu tin , khng m hi: hng nhu 9g, bch mao cn (r
c tranh) 30g, ch mu tho 12g, sc nc ung thay tr trong ngy.
+ Cha hi ming: hng nhu 10g sc vi 200ml nc. Dng sc ming v
ngm.
+ Cha tr nh vim ng h hp trn: hng nhu, hoc hng, kinh gii, bn
h, phc linh, ng sm, hong cm - mi th 10g, cam tho 5g; sc vi nc, chia
thnh 4 - 6 ln ung trong ngy.
+ Cha tr con chm mc tc: hng nhu 40g, sc vi 200ml nc, c c, trn
vi m ln, bi ln u.
1.3.3.2. Trong m phm v m thc
- Tinh du hng nhu c mi hng m p ngt ngo.
- Hng nhu c tc dng mc tc nn thng c dng lm thuc mc tc,
hng nhu gip tc thm di v mt. Trong dn gian thng trn tinh du hng nhu
vi du da bi ln da du ch bnh rng tc, hn hp c tc dng kch thch s
mc tc tr li ng thi lm cho tc thm dy v mt.
- Ngoi ra, hng nhu ( ta) cn l hng v khng th thiu trong cc ba n
1.4. Mt s tnh cht v cng dng ca metyleugenol
Metyleugenol (C11H 14O2)
O
O

1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene
- Trng lng phn t: 178,23 g/mol
- Nhit nng chy: 40C.
- Nhit si: 2480C.
- Chit sut: 1,533 1,535.
L cht lng khng mu hoc vng nht, ha nu trong khng kh, c mi thm
c trng, khng tan trong nc, tan trong dung mi hu c, n nh trong iu kin
thng. Metyleugenol c bit n nh l mt cht dn d cn trng, c bit l rui
vng xut hin nhng ni kh hu nhit i, loi rui vng ny xut hin nhiu kh
hu nhit i nh Vit Nam, chg hi ma mng, c bit cc vn cy n qu.

14

C ch hot ng ca Methyleugenol nh sau: Mi thm ca Methyleugenol

tng t nh mi hormone ca rui vng c tit ra trong thi k sinh sn dn d
rui vng ci n giao phi, v vy Methyleugenol khng c cng cu trc ging loi
hormone ni trn nhng c mi tng t nn c th s dng dn d rui vng ci
n, tp trung li mt ch v dng by bt. Bn cnh , Methyleugenol cng c
tc dng trit kh nng sinh sn ca rui vng ci, lm cho mt kh nng sinh sn ca
rui vng ci.
V Methyleugenol l sn phm phc v cho nng nghip, i tng s dng l
nhng nng dn, chnh v vy trong methyleugenol ca Trung Quc bn ti Vit Nam
c pha thm 5% cht c Nalet git cht rui vng khi by c, Nalet l 1 hp
cht c photphos rt nguy him nn s li s nhim lu di n mi trng t,
khng kh v con ngi trong qu trnh s dng.
1.5. Mt s phng php tch chit v phn tch
1.5.1. Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc
Mt s cht khng tan nhng d b hi nc nng cun theo. Ngi ta li dng
tnh cht ny tch cht ra khi hn hp phn ng.
Cch lm: Cho cht nh ct li cun hi nc vo bnh ct (ti a bng 1/3 th
tch bnh). Ni h thng bnh ct vi bnh un hi nc nng. Bnh nc nng c ni
vi ng thu tinh di tn y theo di p sut ca h thng ct. Khi p sut trong h
thng cao (b tc) th nc trong ng thu tinh tng cao hoc phun ra ngoi, lc cn
m kho 3 thng thng vi p sut kh quyn.
Sau khi lp xong h thng, m kho 3 thng theo di p sut ca h thng,
un nc si bnh, ng thi un nh bnh ng cht ct. Nc bnh si ch cha
khong 2/3 th tch bnh. M nc ng sinh hn lm lnh hi. ng kho 3 thng
hi nc si qua bnh ct. Theo di lng cht ct ra, khi kt thc ngng un, m
kho 3 thng, ly cht ct ra. Dng phu chit tch ly sn phm; dng dung mi thch
hp chit ly cht tan hoc huyn ph trong nc ri tinh ch theo phng php thng
thng. Khi chng ct cn ch cht c th ng rn trong sinh hn gy tc ng, d
n nn cn phi thn trng khi s dng sinh hn.
1.5.2. Phng php sc k kh- khi ph GC/MS
Phng php sc k kh - khi ph GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry) da trn c s my sc k kh vi mt my khi ph, xc nh mt

15

cu t no trong hn hp cht cn phn tch. y l phng php nhanh v rt hiu

qu trong vic xc nh thnh phn ca cc cht tng hp c. hiu thm v
phng php ny, cn im qua v my khi ph. Phng php khi ph l phng
php nghin cu bng cch o chnh xc khi lng phn t cht . Cht nghin cu
trc tin c chuyn thnh trng thi hi, sau chuyn thnh cc ion. Cc ion to
thnh c a vo my khi ph. Qu trnh bin cc phn t trung ha thnh cc ion
c gi l ion ha. Cc ionco1 khi lng m v in tch e. T s m/e c gi l s
khi z. Khi tch ion c s khi khc nhau xc nh c xc sut c mt ca chng,
ngi ta v th mi lin quan gia xc sut c mt (hay cn gi l cng I) v s
khi z. th gi l ph khi lng. nh gi cht lng ca ph khi k,
ngi ta dng khi nim phn gii R
R = m / m
Trong : m l khi lng ion
m l hiu s khi lng hai ion c th tch khi nhau.
Gi tr R cng ln th my cng tt

16

CHNG 2. K THUT THC NGHIM

2.1. Dng c, ha cht v nguyn liu
2.1.1. Dng c
- Cn k thut

- Bnh cu y trn 1000ml

- Chu thy tinh

- H thng chng ct

- Gi

- Bnh tam gic 100ml v 500ml

- n cn

- Cc thy tinh c m

- Buret 50ml

- Phu chit

- Pipet 5ml
2.1.2. Ha cht v nguyn liu
- Na2SO4 khan

- Dung dch KOH 0,1N; 0,5N

- Dung dch NaOH 10%

- Etanol 960C

- Dung dch HCl 10%

- Dung dch phenolphtalein

- Cy hng nhu trng ( trng, l ln)

2.2. Phng php thc nghim
2.2.1. Thu mu v x l mu
Cy hng nhu ( trng) sau khi thu ti nh ngi dn em v c x l s b:
loi b l a, ra sch, ro nc, xay nhuyn, sau cho vo b chng ct. Tinh
du thu c sau khi chng ct tin hnh chit loi nc v lm khan bng Na2 SO4 thu
tinh du sn phm. Tinh du sn phm c lc vi NaOH 10% thu c kt ta sau
lc kt ta ri ha tan kt ta bng HCl
2.2.2. Ly trch tinh du t cy hng nhu trng

17

Cy hng nhu
Xay nhuyn
H thng chng ct
Tinh du v nc

Nc

Tinh du
Na2SO4 khan
Tinh du sn phm
Dung dchNaOH
Kt ta
Lc; HCl
Metyleugenol

Hnh.2.1. S ly trch tinh du

2.3. Kho st mt s yu t nh hng n hm lng tinh du hng nhu trng
Tinh du hng nhu trng c mi thm nng m c trng, mu vng nht.
2.3.1. Kho st nh hng ca thi gian chng ct tinh du
Mu hng nhu trng thu vo bui sng trong ngy c nng a bn tnh
ng Thp.
Ly 300 gam nguyn liu (ton cy hng nhu trng ch b r) c ct v
xay nhuyn vo bnh cu y trn 1000ml. Lp bnh cu vo b chng ct li cun hi
nc. un nc si bnh ng nc, un u la v theo di h thng qua ng thy
tinh bnh nc si, ng thi un nh bnh ng cht ct. Theo di lng tinh du ct
ra trong 2 gi. Lp li th nghim vi khi lng nguyn liu 300 gam, thay i thi
gian thc hin l 3 gi, 4 gi, 5 gi v 6 gi. Ti thu c kt qu nh sau:

18

Bng 2.1. Hm lng tinh du hng nhu trng theo thi gian chng ct
Nguyn liu (g)

300

300

300

300

300

Thi gian chng ct (h)

Khi lng tinh du (g)

0,25

0,33

0,83

0,84

0,84

Hm lng tinh du (%)

0,083

0,110

0,277

0,280

0,280

Khi lng tinh du (g)

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

Khi lng
tinh du (g)

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2

Thi gian chng ct (h)

Hnh 2.2. nh hng ca thi gian chng ct n khi lng tinh du
Nhn xt: da vo bng 3.1 v hnh 3.1, ta thy vi cng khi lng nguyn
liu 300 gam, thi gian chng ct thay i 2 gi, 3 gi, 4 gi, 5 gi, 6 gi: khi thi
gian tng dn th hm lng tinh du tng dn. thi im 4 gi, hm lng tinh du
t ti u v thi gian chng ct trn 4 gi th hm lng tinh du tng khng ng k.
V vy, ti chn thi gian chng ct l 4 gi kho st thi im thu hi mu.
2.3.2. Kho st nh hng ca thi im thu hi mu
Cho 300 gam nguyn liu (ton cy hng nhu trng ch b r) thu hi ti cc
thi im khc nhau (vo lc 8 gi, 12 gi 30 pht hoc 17 gi) c xay nhuyn vo
bnh cu y trn v chn thi gian chng ct ti u l 4 gi trn chng ct. Theo
di lng tinh du ct ra, ti thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 2.2. Hm lng tinh du theo thi im thu hi mu
Nguyn liu (g)

300

300

300

Thi im thu hi mu (h)

12h30

17

Khi lng tinh du (g)

0,83

0,65

0,53

Hm lng tinh du (%)

0,277

0,217

0,177

Khi lng tinh du (g)

19

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

Khi lng
tinh du (g)

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
8

12h30

17

Thi im thu hi mu (h)

Hnh 2.3. nh hng ca thi im thu hi mu n khi lng tinh du
Nhn xt: qua kt qu bng 3.2 v th 3.2, ta thy vi thi gian chng ct
tinh du c nh 4 gi v thay i thi im thu hi mu th mu thu vo lc 8 gi c
hm lng tinh du cao nht. Hm lng tinh du gim vo tra v chiu do tri cng
nng, lng nc trong cy gim nhiu v trong qu trnh bc hi nc tinh du c th
b li cun theo, ng thi khi mu ho c th lm cho mt s thnh phn trong tinh
du b phn hy. V vy, thu mu vo lc sng th hm lng tinh du cao nht.
Kt lun: thu mu vo bui sng (lc 8 gi) v chng ct vi thi gian 4 gi th
hm lng tinh du t ti u l 0,83 gam chim 0,277%.
2.3.3. Xc nh mt s ch s ha l ca tinh du hng nhu trng
2.3.3.1. T trng: T trng ca tinh du l t s ca tinh du 250C vi khi lng ca
cng mt th tch nc ct cng nhit 250C.
Cch tin hnh:
- Cn ng tim c vch chia chun dung tch 1ml chnh xc ti 0,001g c kt
qu G. Ly ng tim ra, ht nc ct vo n vch 0,1ml (ch trong qu trnh tin
hnh ng c bt kh trong ng) ng tim n nhit 250C khong 30 pht; em
i cn c kt qu G1. Sau , ht nc i, vy cho kh. Ht tinh du vo ng
tim cng n vch 0,1ml. t ng tim n nhit 250C ri em cn c kt qu G2.
Tin hnh 3 ln, ghi gi tr trung bnh.
Tnh kt qu:

20

G G2
G G1

G Khi lng ca ng tim khng, tnh bng (g)

G1 Khi lng ca ng tim khi c nc (g)
G2 Khi lng ca ng tim khi c tinh du (g)
Sau khi xc nh t trng ca tinh du, tin hnh xc nh mt s ch s ha l.
Cc ch s u c xc nh trn tinh du va tch c.
2.3.3.2. Ch s axit: Ch s axit l s miligam KOH cn thit trung ha cc axit t
do c trong 1 gam cht bo.
KOH trung ha axit trong cht bo theo phn ng:
RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H2O
Cch tin hnh: cho vo erlen 100ml 1gam tinh du v 10ml etanol 960, lc cho tinh
du tan hon ton, sau cho vo bnh 3 git phenolphtalein v chun bng KOH
0,1N n khi xut hin mu hng bn trong 30 giy. Tin hnh chun ba ln, ghi
th tch KOH chun , ly gi tr trung bnh.
- Tnh kt qu:

IA =

V5,61
g

Trong :
IA: ch s axit (mgKOH/g).
V: s ml KOH 0,1N dng chun (ml).
5,61: s mg KOH tng ng vi 1ml KOH 0,1N.
g: khi lng tinh du em phn tch (g).
2.3.3.3. Ch s x phng
Ch s x phng l s miligam KOH cn thit trung ha tt c cc axit t do
v axit kt hp di dng este trong 1 gam cht bo.
- Cch tin hnh: ly 2 eclen 100ml dn nhn l bnh 1 v bnh 2.
+ Cho vo bnh 1 (bnh kim tra) 1ml nc ct v 15ml KOH 0,5N.
+ Cho vo bnh 2 (bnh th nghim) 1g tinh du v 15ml KOH 0,5N.
un si 2 bnh trong ni cch thy trong 50 pht, sau ngui. Thm vo
mi bnh 15ml nc ct v 3 git phenolphtalein, lc u, dung dch c mu hng.

21

Chun 2 bnh bng dung dch HCl 0,5N n khi mt mu hng. Tin hnh chun
3 ln, ghi th tch HCl chun , ly gi tr trung bnh.
- Tnh kt qu:

IX =

(VT -VK )28,05

g

Trong :
IX: ch s x phng (mgKOH/g).
VT: s ml HCl 0,5N chun bnh th nghim (ml).
VK: s ml HCl 0,5N chun bnh kim tra (ml).
g: khi lng tinh du em phn tch.
28,05: s mg KOH tng ng vi 1ml KOH 0,5N.

22

CHNG 3. KT QU V THO LUN

3.1. Xc nh mt s ch s ha l ca tinh du hng nhu trng
Tinh du sau khi chng ct, chng ti tin hnh xc nh mt s ch s ha l ti
phng th nghim Hu c ca trng i hc ng Thp v thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 3.1. Mt s ch s ha l tinh du hng nhu trng
Ch s ha l

Gi tr

T trng

Ch s

Ch s x

Ch s este

Ch s khc

(d25)

axit

phng

(IE)

(IA)

(Ix)

0.75

11.34

1.1656

(n26.5)
11.45

1.5025

Cc ch s ha l c tnh t thc nghim vi t trng nh trn cho thy tinh du

hng nhu trng nng hn nc, ch s axit trong khong cho php tiu chun Vit
Nam (0,5-0,8) do tinh du hng nhu m bo an ton s dng.
3.2. Kho st thnh phn mt s hp cht trong tinh du hng nhu trng
Sau khi thu c tinh du, chng ti tin hnh x l loi nc v phn b.
Qua kt qu kim tra cm quan v tinh du hng nhu nhn thy tinh du c phm
cht tt, trong sut, mu vng c mi thm c trng v nng hn nc. Mu tinh du
c gi xc nh bng ph GC/MS Vin Cng ngh Ha hc Thnh Ph H Ch
Minh. My o l sc k kh ghp khi ph (GC-MS) Hewlett-packard HP 6890N, ct
HP-5MS (di 30mm; ng knh cong 0,25mm; lp phim dy 0,25m), lin hp vi
HP 5973, kh mang He. Th vin ph NIST (1998). Kt qu thu c nh sau:

Hnh 3.1. Sc k tinh du hng nhu trng

23

Qua kt qu trn sc k , chng ti nhn thy c 35 gi tr thi gian lu khc

nhau, tng ng vi iu ny l trong mu tinh du thu c c cha 35 cu t, ng
vi 35 hp cht. Cc cu t nhng im pic 11.68; 17.46; 18.14; 19.57; 23.14;
25.76...c thi gian lu cch xa nhau v c cng tng i ln, chng t y l
nhng cu t c hm lng cao trong tinh du. Cc cu t cn li c cng tng
i thp nn c hm lng trong tinh du khng ng k. Mt khc c mt s cu t
c thi gian lu rt gn nhau nn chng c th l ng phn ca nhau nh cc cu t
nhng pic 17.46; 18,71; hay nhng pic 23.14; 23.47; 24.32; 25.25.
Bng 3.2. Thnh phn hp cht hu c tinh du hng nhu trng
Thi gian

T l

lu (pht)

5.67

STT

Tn hp cht

CTPT

0,32

2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene

C10H16

7.30

1,29

6-methylhept-5-en-2-one

C8H14O

8.75

0,23

1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene

C10H16

9.51

0,61

(3Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene

C10H16

11.68

4,20

3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol

C10H18O

13.29

0,43

13.48

0,28

13.58

0,98

13.76

1,05

10

14.47

1,69

4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol

C10H16O

11

15.29

2,71

12

15.61

0,26

2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol

C10H18O

13

17.46

4,44

(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol

C10H18O

14

18.14

24,84 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol

C10H12O2

15

18.71

4,32

(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol

C10H18O

16

19.57

31,08

1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene

C11H14O2

17

20.48

0,27

(3Z)-2-(hex-1-yn-1-yl)-3(methoxymethylidene)oxirane
#
1-[2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2yl)cyclopentyl]ethanone

(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)methyl
acetate

C10H14O2
#
C10H16O

C12H20O2

24

18

21.49

0,22

(2Z)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanal

C10H16O

19

23.14

4,17

(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal

C10H16O

20

23.23

0,18

21

23.47

0,63

22

23.84

0,24

23

24.32

0,40

(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

C12H20O2

24

24.43

0,37

25

24.59

0,96

1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-

C15H24

26

25.25

3,16

27

25.76

4,11

28

26.48

1,03

29

26.78

0,27

30

27.19

0,60

4-ethoxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept2-ene
(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

C12H20O2

1,3-dimethyl-8-(propan-2-

C15H24

yl)tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene

yl)cyclohexane
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal

C10H16O

(4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-

C15H24

methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene
2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-

28.37

0,91

C15H24

yl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
(2E)-1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6diene
(1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-

C14H26O2
C15H24

1,4,8-triene
7-methyl-3-methylidene-4-(propan-2-

31

C12H20O

C15H24

yl)octahydro1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene

32

28.55

0,20

33

30.16

0,26

34

31.00

2,44

35

32.55

0,63

(4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-

C15H24

methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene
4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,4a,5,8,8a-

C15H24

hexahydronaphthalene
(1Z,4Z,7Z)-1,5,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-

C15H24

1,4,7-triene
4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane

C15H24O

25

Theo sc k c 35 im pic tng ng vi vic c 35 cu t c nhn danh,

nhng trong bng 3.2 ch c 31 cht bit tn c th, 4 cht cn li cha xc nh c
tn. C l nguyn nhn ca vic ny l im pic ca 4 cht cha bit tn do c cng
qu thp hoc hnh nh ph thu c khng trng vi hnh nh ph chun trong
ngn hng ph Vin Cng ngh Ha hc Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, cng c th y
l nhng cht mi nhng cha c s nh danh chng. Trong bng 3.2 hp cht
(5), (13), (14), (15), (16), (19), (27)... c phn trm kh cao c bit hp cht (14) v
(16) chim 24,84% v 31,08% v so vi ph chun c s trng lp cao.
3.2.1. i vi 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl) phenol
Theo hnh ph MS, chng ti nhn thy gia cht cn xc nh v 2-methoxy-4(prop-2-en-1-yl) phenol chun c trng lp gia cc pic ion l kh cao.

Hnh 3.2. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
39, 43, 51, 55, 65, 77, 91, 94, 103, 115, 121, 131, 137, 149 v 164 tng ng ging
vi hnh nh ph MS ca hp cht 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl) phenol nn ti kt

26

lun y l hp cht 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol (Eugenol, C10H12O2), cht

ny chim t l 24,84% trong tng s 35 cht.
3.2.2. i vi 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2en-1-yl) benzene c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 82,3%.

Hnh 3.3. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
51, 55, 65, 77, 91, 103, 115, 135, 147, 151, 163 v 178 tng ng ging vi hnh nh
ph MS ca hp cht 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene nn ti kt lun y l
hp cht 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene (Methyl eugenol, C11H14O2), cht
ny chim t l 31%,08 trong tng s 35 cht.
3.2.3. i vi (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta2,6-dien-1-ol c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 58,8%.

27

Hnh 3.4. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
31, 41, 69, 84, 93, 97, 121 v 154 tng ng ging vi hnh nh ph MS ca hp cht
(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol nn ti kt lun y chnh l hp cht (2Z)-3,7dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol (C10H18O), cht ny chim t l 4,44% trong tng s 35
cht.
3.2.4. i vi (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta2,6-dien-1-ol c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 46,8%.

28

Hnh 3.5. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
31, 39, 41, 43, 53, 57, 69, 84, 93, 111, 123 v 154 tng ng ging vi hnh nh ph
MS ca hp cht (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol nn ti kt lun y l hp cht
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol (C10H18O), cht ny chim t l 4,32% trong tng
s 35 cht. Hai hp cht mc 3.2.3 v 3.2.4 l 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol nhng
c cu hnh khc nhau.
3.2.5. i vi 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol
Theo hnh ph MS, ta thy gia cht cn xc nh v 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6dien-3-ol c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 60,7%.

29

Hnh 3.6. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
39, 53, 55, 65, 67, 69, 71, 80, 83, 93, 96, 107, 121 v 136 tng ng vi hnh nh ph
MS ca hp cht 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol nn ti kt lun y chnh l hp cht
3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol (C10H18O), cht ny chim t l 4,20% trong tng s 35
cht.
3.2.6. i vi (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta2,6-dienal c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 68,3%.

30

Hnh 3.7. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
39, 41, 43, 53, 67, 69, 84, 91, 94, 109, 123, 137 v 152 tng ng ging vi hnh nh
ph MS ca hp cht (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal nn ti kt lun y l hp cht
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal (C10H16O), cht ny chim t l 3,16% trong tng s
35 cht.
3.2.7. i vi (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta2,6-dienal c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 77,5%.

31

Hnh 3.8. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
39, 41, 43, 51, 53, 59, 65, 67, 69, 84, 91, 94, 109, 119 v 137 tng ng ging vi
hnh nh ph MS ca hp cht (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal nn ti kt lun y l
hp cht (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal (C10H16O), cht ny chim t l 4,17% trong
tng s 35 cht.
3.2.8. i vi (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-meth ylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene c trng lp hon ton gia cc pic.

32

Hnh 3.9. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
41, 55, 69, 79, 93, 105, 120, 133, 147, 161, 175, 189 v 204 tng ng ging vi
hnh nh ph MS ca hp cht (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene nn ti kt lun y l hp cht (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (Caryophyllene, C15H24), cht ny chim t l 4,11% trong
tng s 35 cht
3.2.9. i vi (1Z,4Z,7Z)-1,5,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,7-triene
Theo hnh ph MS, ti thy gia cht cn xc nh v (1Z,4Z,7Z)-1,5,9,9tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,7-triene c trng lp gia cc pic ion l 71,43%.

33

Hnh 3.10. Ph MS ca cht o v ca th vin ph

Nhn xt: bi s xut hin cc pic trong ph MS ca cht cn xc nh nh:
41, 55, 67, 80, 93, 136, 147, 161, 189 v 204 tng ng ging vi hnh nh ph MS
ca hp cht (1Z,4Z,7Z)-1,5,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,7-triene nn ti kt lun
y l hp cht (1Z,4Z,7Z)-1,5,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,7-triene (C15H24), cht
ny chim t l 2,44% trong tng s 35 cht.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s hp cht khc trong tinh du nh: 6-methylhept-5-en-2one (C8H14O, 1,29%); (3Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (C10H16, 0,61%); 1-[2methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclopentyl]ethanone

(C10H16O,

dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl

0,63%);

acetate

(C12H20O2,

1,05%);

(2Z)-3,7-

1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-

di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane (C15H24, 0,96%); 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1yl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene

(C15H24,

tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene

1,03%);

(C15H24, 0,60%);

(1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,97-methyl-3-methylidene-4-

(propan-2-yl)octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene (C15H24, 0,91%);

4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.0]dodecane(C15H24O,0,63%);...
3.3. Hm lng metyleugenol sau khi tch v lm giu
Mu tinh du sau khi thu c, chit loi b nc lm khan bng Na2 SO4, lc vi
dung dch NaOH 10% lc ly kt ta sau ha tan kt ta bng HCl, sn phm
methyleugenol c mu vng c nh danh bng phng php GC/MS ti vin khoa
hc v cng ngh Vit Nam- Thnh ph H Ch Minh cho kt qu sau

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Hnh 3.11. Ph GC/MS ca tinh du sau khi lm giu metyleugenol

Qua ph trn cho thy c 11 cht, t bit trong metyleugenol v eugenol
xut hin vi hm lng rt cao, cc cht cn li nh: Xiclohexan-1-etyl-1-metyl-2,4bis(1-metyletyl)-,[1S-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.,)];
4(14),11-dien;

alpha-Caryophyllene;

Eudesma-

1-isopropyl-7-metyl-4metylen-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaphtalen;

Caryophyllene oxit; 2-isopenyl-4a,8-imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-Octahidronaphtalen v

7-isopropenyl-4a-metyl-1-metylendecanhidronaphtalen hm lng khng ng k.
Nh vy sau qu trnh lm giu metyleugenol t tinh du hng nhu chng ti thy
ban u hm lng metyleugenol l 31,08%

sau khi lm giu hm lng

metyleugenol tng ng k chim 69,83%.

Bng 3.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du hng nhu sau khi lm giu
STT

Thi gian lu

Thnh phn ha hc

22.80

Metyleugenol

24.96

Eugenol

T l %
69,83%
15,47

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3.3.1. Eugenol (C10H22O2) : 15,47%

Hnh 3.12. Ph MS ca eugenol sau khi tch

* Nhn xt: Qua kt qu cho thy ph MS ca sn phm xut hin cc pic: 39;
43; 51; 55; 65; 77; 91; 94; 103; 115; 121; 131; 137; 149; 164 c dng ging nh ph
chun. Bn cnh xut hin thm mt ng phn ca eugenol vi ph MS ca sn
phm cng c dng ging nh ph chun trong ngn hng d liu.
3.3.2. Metyleugenol (C11H14O2) : 69,83%

36

Hnh 3.13. Ph MS ca metyleugenol sau khi tch

* Nhn xt: Qua kt qu cho thy ph MS ca sn phm c dng ging ph
chun cc pic: 51; 55; 65; 77; 91; 103; 115; 135; 147; 151; 163; 178 v khng c
xut hin mt ng phn no khc, vi hm lng metyleugenol tng i cao so vi
ban u. Sau khi tch v lm giu hm lng Eugenol v Metyleugenol chim t l
85,29%, cn li mt phn rt nh l tinh du ca Hirocacbon (C15H24) nh: 2,4Diisopropenyl-1-metyl-1-vinylxiclohexan;

alpha-Caryophyllene;

2-isopropyl-4a,8-

imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahidronaphtalen;1-isopropyl-7-metyl-4metylen1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaphtalen;chng c nhiu cu to khc nhau.

3.3.3. Mt s hp cht khc:
* Xiclohexan,1-etyl-1-metyl-2,4-bis(1-metyletyl)-,[1S-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.,)]

37

* Alpha-Caryophyllene

* 2-isopenyl-4a,8-imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-Octahidronaphtalen

* 1-isopropyl-7-metyl-4metylen-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaphtalen

* 2-isopropyl-4a,8-imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahidronaphtalen

* 7-isopropenyl-4a-metyl-1-metylendecanhidronaphtalen

* 3-isopropenyl-4a,5-dimetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahidronaphthalene

38

* Caryophyllene oxit

* 1,4a-dimetyl-7-(1-metyletylidene)decanhidro-1-naphthalencol
HO

*Nhn xt: Qua kt qu trn cho thy sau qu trnh tch v lm giu th hm
lng metyleugenol tng ng k. Lc u metyleugenol ch chim 31,08% sau qu
trnh tch v lm giu hm lng metyleugenol tng ln 69,83% c th l do qu trnh
kt ta dng d NaOH v eugenol chuyn ha mt phn thnh metyleugenol.

39

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kt lun:
Qua qu trnh lm giu metyleugenol t tinh du hng nhu trng ti thu
c mt s kt qu nh sau:
- Bng phng php chng ct li cun hi nc, ti ly trch c tinh du
hng nhu trng, nhn thy tinh du thu c l cht lng trong sut, c mu vng
nht, mi thm nh, khng tan trong nc v rt d bay hi. Tinh du sau khi thu c
chng ti tin hnh xc nh mt s ch s ha l v kho st thnh phn ha hc ca
tinh du:
+ T trng: d25 = 1,1656
+ Ch s axit: IA = 0,75 (mgKOH/g)
+ Ch s x phng: IX = 11,34 (mgKOH/g)
+ Ch s este: IE = 10,45 (mgKOH/g)
+ Ch s khc x: n26.5 = 1,5025
+ Kho st thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du chng ti thu c c 35 cht trong
c 4 cht cha c nhn danh.
- tin hnh tch v lm giu metyleugenol bng phng php kt ta ri sc
CH3Br vo, sau mu tin hnh gi phn tch ti vin cng ngh ha hc thnh ph
H Ch Minh. Nhn thy hm lng metyleugenol tng ng k t 31,08% tng
69,83%. Bn cnh vn cn mt s hp cht khc nh : Xiclohexan,1-etyl-1-metyl-2,4bis(1-metyletyl)-,[1S-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.,)];
4a,8-imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-Octahidronaphtalen

Alpha-Caryophyllene;
;

2-isopenyl-

1-isopropyl-7-metyl-4metylen-

1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaphtalen; 2-isopropyl-4a,8-imetyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7octahidronaphtalen;

1,4a-dimetyl-7-(1-metyletylidene)decahidro-1-naphthalencol;

Caryophyllene oxitvi hm lng rt thp, ch yu l metyleugenol chim t l cao

y l hp cht m chng ti cn quan tm.
Kin ngh:
+ Tin hnh kho st hot tnh sinh hc ca metyleugenol
+ Th dn d rui vng tng vng khc mhau v kho st mt .

40

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vng Ngc Chnh. Hng Liu M Phm. HQG TP H Ch Minh.
2. L Th Anh o, TS ng Vn Liu, Thc hnh ha hc hu c, NXB i hc
s phm.
3. L Vn ng (2005), Chuyn mt s hp cht thin nhin, NXB i hc
quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
4. Tt Li (1987). Cy tinh du Vit Nam. NXB Khoa hc K thut H Ni.
5. Tt Li (2006). Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam. NXB y hc.
6. Nguyn Kim Phi Phng (2007). Phng php c lp hp cht hu c. NXB
HQG TP H Ch Minh.
7. H Vit Qu (2001), Gio trnh phn tch l ha, NXB Gio Dc Hi Dng.
8. Hong Th Sn (1999). Phn loi thc vt. Nh xut bn gio dc
9. Phan Tng Sn, Nguyn Vn u, Nguyn Chin Quyt, Phan Liu Chu
(1987), Tp Ch Ha Hc, ( 23).
10. L Ngc Thch, Trn Hu Anh, ng Hng Hi, H Diu Trm, ng Ngc
Tn Quyn, L Qunh Trm.(1996), Tp ch ha hc, (34).
11. L Ngc Thch, Phm Hu Tn, Trn Hu Anh. (1998), Tp ch khoa hc cng
ngh, (36).