Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Master Plumbing Review Notes
Master Plumbing Review Notes
2. Cost of installation.
a. Labor.
b. Material.
3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
4. Durability.
Reason of C I S P for drainage:
1. Easy drainage installation.
2. Availability.
Closing end of pipes:
1. Cap.
2. Plug.
Types of flange:
1. Drilled.
2. Blank.
3. Blind.
Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:
1. Slip flange.
2. Screw flange.
leaching cesspool.
Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a faucet found in service area and
gardens.
Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories.
Compression cock.
Self-closing faucet.
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to wash the genitals, also called a sitz
bath (tool bath), types:
1. Stall.
2. Stand.
3. Recessed.
Materials for pipes:
1. C I S P. 2. Acid resistant C I P.
3. Asbestos pipe.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe.
6. Lead pipe.
7. Galvanized steel pipe.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available commercially).
10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe.
Choice of pipe:
1. Quality.
Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.
Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use to discharge water detritus and
steam, one type of releif vent.
2 types of hot water tank:
1. Range boiler.
2. Hot water storage tank.
Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water) branch out of the house service
pipe which is the largest pipe, (drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any part of the
pipes not the main pipe or stack.
Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into the main at storey height, one
branch not less than 8 feet, types:
1. soil pipe. use water closet.
2. waste. other waste water.
Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).
Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
Building drain. house drain.
Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found extending 4 or 5 feet from interface of
foundation wall.
Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the
building sewer.
Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run.
Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.
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Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water, surface water, storm
water, waste water, or sewage.
FD. floor drain.
Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any other drain
pipe, from fixture to main drain or the junction itself.
Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes waste water to the sewers. 3
components:
1. Drainage.
2. Waste.
3. Vent.
Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.
Wet vent. stack vent.
Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is
screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe,
clean out (WCO, FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.
a. Kitchen sink.
b. Laundry sink.
c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
3. Bathing:
a. Bath tub.
b. Biddet.
c. Shower bath. complete assembly.
Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connections are
made on the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the fitting.
Diameter. types:
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper).
2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera).
3. nominal internal diameter.
Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting shaped like the letter "S".
Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time.
Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe, all branch
connected to fixture.
Fixture unit:
1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.
Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit.
WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood over which water
is expected to run.
Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the edge of the fixture or rim.
Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of
the fixture.
Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves, the area included between the
wall exclusive of vent, shaft and sleeve.
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Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste pipe beyond the connection at
which liquid waste from a fixture enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with vent
stack.
Circuit. stock vent.
Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply line, main/public storm sewer,
distributing main.
Main vent. vent stack.
Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs plumbers, for residential.
Nipple.
Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 foot long and the other
end is about 3 inches long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead
connection between a service pipe and a water main.
Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per foot.
Ground water. three sources of water:
1. Rainfall. storm water.
2. Natural surface. Surface water.
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or percipitation.
Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps.
Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building, institution, factory or industrial
establishment from bring and distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.
Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest point of the roof of the building.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack, with or without
vertical sections or branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and
conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.
House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer system.
Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage system
but discharge into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to waste pipes.
Individual vent. back vent pipe.
Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic waste.
Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease, chemicals, and oil, grease trap.
Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical.
Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent installation.
Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand.
Length of pipe. the length as measured along.
Local vent. crude vent.
Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or
waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and national plumbing code.
MWSS.
LWVA.
LOWA.
DPWH.
urban.
rural.
local water.
in charge of the sewers.
Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes.
Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the stack to its junction with the main
building drain or with another branch thereof, same as lateral.
Private or private use. for private use.
Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public authority.
Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement.
Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects.
Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any institution.
Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public authority, main sewer.
Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system
Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system.
Return bend. 180 degrees turn.
Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent.
Riser. vertical pipes use only on water.
Reservoir. water cistern.
Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system.
Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures.
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Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination of human excrement and liquid
household waste.
Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial waste but without rain water.
Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in traps. top dip
Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out.
Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a plumbing system and for reducing
the pressure exerted on trap seals.
Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch.
Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system.
Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water supply to the building served.
Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the establishments.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid.
Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community, including collection, transportation,
pumping, and treatment.
Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators, etceteras.
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2 lines of hose may be
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle.
Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes. -negative pressure
Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals.
Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste.
Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell.
Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping.
Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest horizontal drain connected to the
stack.
Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure, types:
1. Wet.
2. Dry.
Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface after a storm.
Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.
Subsoil drain. building sub-drain.
Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained.
Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras.
Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain.
Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting. used only
for ventillation.
Sanitary tee.
Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some vermin through a pipe.
Union. to move one pipe only.
Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve 2 traps.
Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Planning:
1. Location of C O:
a. In every change in direction.
b. All horizontal pipes.
c. At every 15 feet of pipe.
2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR.
3. Traps:
a. House trap.
b. Grease trap.
c. Seal trap.
4. Soil pipe/waste pipe.
5. Offset.
Water supply:
1. Location of main line.
2. Prohibition use of cross T.
3. Provision of air chamber.
4. Use of valves.
3 types of water distribution:
1. Upfeed system.
2. Downfeed system (gravity).
3. Zoning system.
Pipe lengths:
1. Brass pipe: 20 feet.
2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet.
3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet.
4. G I: 20 feet.
5. C I: 5 feet.
6. Cement: 1 meter.
3 available private disposal system:
1. Cess pool.
2. Septic tank or vault.
3. Privy.
4. Public sewer line.
Public sewer line:
1. Trunk line.
2. Tributary.
Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
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1. Sedimentation.
2. Anaeboric decomposition.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic.
Construction and location of septic tank:
1. 15 meters away from potable water.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y.
Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of organic materials, with a total depth of
1.50 meters.
Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters.
Technical data:
1. Minimum width: 0.90.
2. Minimum length: 1.50.
3. Minimum depth: 1.20.
4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person.
5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per person.
Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90 to 1.20 meters. And is protuded
15 centimeters from surface to overcome water infiltration.
To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange type use gusset.
A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water, aerator fitting.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable water supply.
A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the body, bidet/prosterior.
A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a VS or a SV.
A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.
A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.
House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends and connects with the house
sewer. 2 types:
1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).
2. Sanitary drain.
Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge large volume of water.
Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of water is stopped automatically upon
release of the pressure of the hand.
The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous bicarbonate (a colorless salt).
Types of waste:
1. Black: feces.
2. Grey: soap.
3. White: rain water.
In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated storage tank.
2 types of standpipes:
1. Dry.
2. Wet.
The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
Types of vents:
1. Wet vent. for water.
2. Dry vent. for air.
It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making changes in direction.
Types of tanks:
1. Suction type tank.
2. Pneumatic tank.
3. Elevated tank.
4. House tank.
In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per foot.
P traps:
1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used in lavatories.
2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip, used in sinks.
Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and fittings.
G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in length of 20 feet.
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge.
Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position next to last fixture served, good in
laundry area.
Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public filtering system.
Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by carbon monoxide and reduction of
temperature.
Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose bib.
The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.
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6. T I N.
In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are:
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout.
2. Schedule of loads.
3. Location plan.
4. vicinity plan.
5. Riser diagram.
6. General notes (specs).
7. Legends and symbols.
8. Details.
5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant.
2. Architect and engineering department.
3. Land use and zoning.
4. Land and grade.
5. Local fire chief.
Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign and seal his/her name in the
DPWH forms.
2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of completion (electrical works) aside
from building owner:
1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber.
2. Contractor.
2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building official:
1. Certificate of completion.
2. Logbook.
PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of 4 or more floors.
Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure of 20 kilograms per square
centimeter when ready for service.
All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and shall be equipped with 63
millimeters outlet in every floor level with a minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe is 38 millimeter diameter.
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is called balustrade.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight beyond its normal limit of
travel by absorving and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called buffer.
In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, the minimum number
of elevator that shall be kept on a 24 hour service is one.
The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per NBC is 1 meter.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of 5 meters.
The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be maintained at 68 to 74 degrees
fahrenheit.
HVAC. heating and ventilating air conditioning.
Piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is white.
Fresh water pipe is blue.
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Fire design ladder should be fixed position in interval not exeeding 6 meters.
Exterior way of exit access so arrange there is no dead-end arranged in 6 meters.
A cable provided with a metal wrapping is called armored cable.
Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper serve as fire damper.
The current in amperes a conductor can carry continously without exceeding it temperature is called
ampacity.
A sheet metal enclosure for conductors, cables and bus bars at switch boards, meter centers, distribution
centers and similar points are called auxiliary gutter.
The latest edition of the Philippine electrical code, part 1 is dated 1973.
Ratio of maximum demand to the total connected to a system is ca;;ed demand factor.
The final decision over any contraversy of the electrical code is vested upon the board of
electrical engineering.
Electric motor. transform electric to mechanical energy.
Fuse. an over current protective device w circuit opening fusible material.
Fuse holder. device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between fusible link and
fuse clips.
Guy wire. tension member usually of galvanized wire.
Flashover. a disruptive charge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator.
Ground. place a conducting current to the earth.
Lamp. generic term for artificial source of light.
Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder.
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour.
Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when subjected to pressure.
Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified.
Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is 2.13 meters.
International access signs have white graphics on blue blackground.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters.
Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system.
The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches diameter.
Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches and
fixtures.
In buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet:
1. Be part of domestic supply of building.
2. Be added to domestic supply of building.
3. Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters.
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2. Lock nut.
Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to cause) the movement of electricity
in a conductor.
Electro magnet.
Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the source of current back to the same
point.
Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected as to prevent the flow of
electricity.
Post knoll effect electrical thermal.
Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer.
Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel board.
Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap.
THW. for outside and inside.
PTW. for interior.
Watt. ampere times voltage.
Air is a poor conductor of electricity.
Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a circuit with a conductor of a very
low resistance.
Amperes. basic unit of electric current.
Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in amperes.
Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in amperes, (without undue heat).
Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity.
2 types of circuits:
1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are connected so that each one offers a
separate path for the flow of current between 2 points.
2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically connected end to end.
Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry but not consume electrical energy.
example: switch.
Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum.
Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each branch transmitting part of the
current. The conductor of each branch taken separately.
Connectors use for metal:
1. Bushing.
3. Coupling.
Classification of electrical current:
1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said to be from negative to positive
(fixed polarity)(can be steady or may vary).
Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell.
a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform.
b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times.
2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of flow/current that changes in both
strenght and direction in a given time, alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles per
second (60 hertz).
Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example: transformer. Types:
1. Selenium type.
2. Silicon type.
3. Copper-oxide type.
Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your conductor.
Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance (opposition).
Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of the conductors.
Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm):
Formula: I = V/R.
I. current flow (in amperes).
V. EMF (in volts).
R. resistance (friction in ohms).
Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Current: I = V/R.
Resistance: R=V/I.
Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which keeps electricity in motion.
Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an instrument for measuring the voltage
drop between any 2 points in an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery.
General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through a wire with a resistance of 1
ohm.
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Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent heat volt and amperes produced if
plugged to an appliances, measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1 volt cause a
current of 1 ampere to flow.
Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is applied to a conductor, the
conductor is said to have a difference in potential energy.
Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous power or power in use at any
one time.
Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter. instrument used to measure the energy
consumed over a period of time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit with
respect to time.
Pole. 2 live wire.
2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground.
Types of conduits:
1. RSC.
2. IMC.
3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing.
4. Flexible metal conduit.
5. Aluminum conduit.
6. Non-metallic conduit.
7. Exposed metallic raceways.
RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
IMC. Metallic conduit.
Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet.
Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a device for generating an alternating
EMF, for high voltage equipments.
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power) into electical energy (power).
Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing and supplying direct current by
electro-chemical means, 2 distinct classes:
1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled or put together provided that it is
connected in a circuit.
2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source (rechargable).
Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity.
Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3 categories:
1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types.
Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of electric current or other form of
metal suitable for carrying currents, examples: copper cable.
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric current, resists heat.
Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors.
2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance fixtures, apparatus used as part
of, or in connection with an electrical installation.
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized
sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current
consuming equipments. Types:
a. Fixed.
b. Portable.
c. Stationary.
Wires and cables:
1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable.
Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits, exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors works.
Feeders. cables that goes into a building.
2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire, example: TW wire
(thermoplastic/PVC).
4. Special cable type:
a. American home run.
b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross section
c. Cable bars.
Raceways:
1. Floor raceways:
a. Underfloor raceways.
b. Cellular metal floor raceways.
Power handling equipment:
Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current.
Outdoor transformers:
1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts.
2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity.
3. Pad-mounted. hinged.
Indoor transformer:
1. Dry type:
a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating.
b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts.
2. Askarel-insulated.
3. Oil-insulated transformer.
Transformer rates:
1. Step up transformer.
2. Step down transformer.
Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts.
Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up.
Fuse types:
1. Cartridge fuse.
a. Single.
b. Dual.
2. Plug fuse.
Switch gear. also called unit sub-station.
Types of flourescents:
1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.
Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the flourescent at the base of the pins.
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d. Shaft or hoistway.
e. Plunger.
f. Elevator machine room.
g. Guide rail.
h. Guide shoes.
i. Spring buffer.
j. Floor stop and limit switch.
k. Creepage and leveling cam switch.
l. Car gate switch.
m. Controller.
n. Motor and pump with tank.
Parts of an elevator:
1. Electrical, mechanical room.
2. Hoistway/shaft.
3. Pit.
4. Penthouse.
5. Tension sheave.
6. Counterweight.
7. Travel.
8. Oil and spring buffer.
9. Guide rail.
10. Car platform.
11. Car.
12. Cable socket.
13. Dovetail joints.
14. Cable.
15. Machine beam.
16. Elevator machine.
17. MG set.
Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car capacity.
Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments).
1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments.
2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only.
4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments.
System of elevator selection of operation:
1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first.
2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs.
3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high rise building with constant traffic
(service specific number and level of floors).
Consideration of elevator selection:
1. Types of use or occupancy.
2. Floor height/ ceiling height.
3. Total height of building.
4. Available speed.
5. Car capacity.
Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.
Types of escalators:
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1. Criss-cross.
2. Parallel.
Parts of an escalator:
1. Balustrade assembly.
2. Handrails.
3. Truss.
4. Endless belt.
5. Sprocket assembly.
6. Driving machine.
Other parts:
7. Tracks.
8. Emergency brake.
9. Controller.
10. Emergency stop button.
12. Key operated switches.
Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches.
Air conditioning standards:
1. Heating and humidifying.
2. Cooling and dehumidifying.
3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the ground.
4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person.
Types of A C:
1. ACCU.
2. ATC.
3. CAC.
4. FCU.
5. AHU.
6. HVAC.
7. RAC.
8. PAC.
9. TR.
Parts of an A C U:
1. Cooling towers.
2. Air curtain.
Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V)
1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes.
1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes.
1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes.
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes.
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9amperes.
1, 16 amperes, 8amperes.
1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes.
2, 24mperes, 12mperes.
3, 34mperes, 17mperes.
A C system:
1. Unitarian:
a. Package.
b. Cabinet.
331619552.doc
Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the evaporator at a low pressure, compact
it, and then discharge it to a condenser.
Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a refrigerant circuit.
Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so as to cool it
evaporatively by contact of air.
US-BTU.
Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU.
Latent heat:
Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa.
Heat and work:
331619552.doc
Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission, and effect of sound waves. 3
elements:
1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable.
2. Path. transmission of sound.
3. Receiver.
Sound:
1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic medium like air.
2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.
Parts of sound:
1. Frequency.
2. Velocity.
3. Wavelength.
Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon (determines the
pitch of a sound); number of displacement or ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second; unit of
frequency: Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch; normal ear
responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz. Multitudes of frequency
(components):
1. Low.
2. Medium.
3. High.
C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second.
Focusing. concave dome sound reflection.
Foci. sound foci, focusing.
Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each complete cycle of vibration; the
distance between layers of compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
Characteristics of sound:
Cycle. full circuit by the particle.
Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its normal position during vibration.
Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is composed entirely of a single
frequency.
Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.
Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity and density of the medium.
Magnitudes of sound:
1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts.
2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area normal to this direction.
3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure.
4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of 2
numerical values on a logarithmic scale.
5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in architectural acoustics; unit of
sound in the term of reverberation.
Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected soundwaves resulting from a
single initial sound pulse.
Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound level is everywhere the same.
331619552.doc
Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay so
as to be perceived as a sound distinct from the directly transmitted sound.
Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface.
Background noise.
Masking noise (acoustic perfume).
Noise. unwanted sound.
Decay time. reverberation time.
Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the source has stopped; due to
repeated reflections of the sound remaining between the enclosing surface.
Structural noise. structural borne transmission.
Air borne noise. air borne transmission.
Absorption. sound energy being absorbed.
The best sound absorber is people.
Generation. is the source of sound.
Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface.
Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave surfaces and build up.
Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise reduction of a particular
construction.
Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct contact with a vibrating source
or is struck by an impulsive force.
Materials can be absorptive or reflective.
Fire safety:
1. Fire and smoke proof passages.
2. Standpipe locations.
3. Accessibility for the disabled.
Mechnical equipments:
Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors.
Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time.
Accumulation:
Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a refrigerant circuit to reduce
pulsation.
Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.
Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures divided by open space or by fire walls.
Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building wires in concealed raceways
are considered concealed even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device which establishes the connection
between 2 or more conductors or between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means of mechanical
pressure and without the use of solder.
Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the absolute external pressure
at the liquid vapor interface.
Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor.
Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit
automatically or a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its
rating.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined manner, the electric power
delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
331619552.doc
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system under
consideration.
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of which the conductor of a circuit can
be disconnected from their source of supply.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate intervals
of:
1. Load and no load.
2. Load and rest.
3. Load, no load, and rest.
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance
by a person. It is applied to parts not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated.
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment and the branch circuit
overcurrent device.
Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between and electrical circuit or
equipment and earth, or some conducting body which serves in place of the earth.
Grounded. connected to the earth.
Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical opening or space.
Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase difference between voltage and
current.
Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lampholder, a lighting fixture, or a
pendant and terminating in a lampholder.
Location. 3 types:
1. Damp.
2. Dry.
3. Wet.
Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed to hold conductors and
attachments plug receptacles, assembled in the field or at the factory.
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply utilization equipment.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly in the form of a single panel.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of metal conduit, rigid, non-metallic,
flexible metallic tubing, cellular concrete/metal flow raceways.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of power, etceteras.
Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment to
a flexible cord.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed.
Terms for transformer to water heater:
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the
wiring system of the premise supplied.
Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a cable.
Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street main, or from transformers to
the service equipment of the premises supplied.
Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or other aerial support, to and
including the splicer (if any), to the service entrance conductors at the building/structure.
Service entrance conductors. 2 types:
1. Overhead system.
2. Underground system.
Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the main street.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the
face or back or both, switches, overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually
instruments.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a heater element in addition to and
affecting a renewable fusible member whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short circuit
currents.
Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross section in one second.
Volt. unit of electrical potential.
OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current (DC), unit of impedance due to
friction in the conductor for alternating current circuit (A C).
Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source of electricity to and through
some electrical device and back to the source.
Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at constant time rate.
Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically varying in time rate and in
direction.
Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified or change to direct current.
Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same current.
Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is connected between the same 2 points.
Abbreviations:
DS.
downspout.
FD.
floor drain.
CB.
catch basin.
CISP, DH.cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
CISP, SH. cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
D C O, WP.
duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
VSTR.
vent stack through roof.
PVC.
plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
PS.
product safety.
GIP.
galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
ASTM. American system testing material.
FM.
floor mounted or flush mounted.
SM.
surface mounted.
PVC.
Polyvinyl chloride.
CISP.
cast iron soil pipe.
RMP.
registered master plumber.
NAMPAP.
CLFS.
Chief of the local fire service.
CAA.
civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports).
331619552.doc
PPA.
NPCC.
RSC.
Ckt.
KVA.
KWA.
PEE.
IIEE.
BTU.
PME.
PSME.
RHW.
T.
TW.
THW.
THHN.
THWN.
XHHN.
SA.
AVA.
Brand names:
PVC:
RSC:
IMC:
EXT:
Atlanta.
Emerald.
Moldex.
Neltex.
Standard.
Matchusita.
Triangle.
Korea.
Pusan.
Matchusita.
Maruichi.
Nippon.
Setsuyu.
Maruichi.
Matchusita.
Junction box:
Sun bright.
Timco.
Rheostat (beamer):
G E.
Ever.
Circuit breaker/panels/control:
Ever.
Fujihiya.
Westinghouse.
Wire:
Columbia.
Phelt dodge.
Duraplex.
Generator set:
G E.
Westinghouse.
Asia Brown Boviry.
Transformer:
Philec.
G E.
Westinghouse.
Lighting fixture:
G E.
Philips.
National.
Switches/C O:
Rectifier:
Elevator:
National.
Veto.
Ever.
National panasonic.
Fuji.
Hundai.
Otis.
Kone.
Goldstar.
Westinghouse.
Hitachi.
Mitsubishi.
O & K.
Escalator:
Otis.
Westinghouse.
Goldstar.
Hitachi.
Mitsubishi.
Air Conditioner:
Fedders.
Westinghouse.
Carrier.
Condura.
Allen air.
National Panasonic.
Daikin.
Amona.
Water heater:
National.
Westinghouse.
Sprinkler heads:
Globe.
Fire alarm:
Nohmi Bosai.
Galvanized iron:
Goodyear.
Super.
331619552.doc
Apo.
Meayer.
Little giant.
Cast iron:
Dong tek.
Asa.
Silva.
Plumbing fixture:
Saniwares.
American Standard.
Kolher.
Briggs.
Plumbing accessories:
Gerber.
Zuechetti.
Great volume.
Clean outs:
Metma.
Asa.
U S.P.
Valves and controls:
Great volume.
Crane.
Kitz.
Clayton.
Keystone.
Toyo.
Symbols:
Ceiling receptacle:
C O wall outlet:
Vertical lines-wall.
Horizontal lines-terminal.
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp:
Fan outlet:
Flourescent:
Suspended lamp:
Heavy duty:
Pinlight:
Eyeball pinlight:
Flood light:
Circuit line for lights:
Circuit line for C O:
Master switch:
Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater:
Washing machine:
OKT (2 wire OKT):
OKT (3 wire OKT raceway):
Switch: S1.
a. S2W. 2 way.
b. S3W. 3 way.
c. S4W. 4 way.
Bell:
General outlets:
Outlet:
Electrical outlet:
Wall clock:
Fan outlet:
Outlet for vapor discharge lamp:
Exit light outlet:
Ceiling fan outlet:
Junction box:
Pull switch:
Lamp holder:
Lamp holder with full switch:
Drop-chord equipped.
Blanked outlet:
Universal outlet:
Incandescent light outlet:
Flourescent light outlet:
Telephone outlet:
Convenience outlets:
Duplex C O:
Water proof convenience outlet:
Weather proof C O:
Weather proof duplex C O:
Switch and duplex outlet:
Range outlet:
Heavy duty outlet:
Duplex C O split wire:
Special purpose:
Floor outlet:
Radio C O:
TV C O:
Floor outlet:
Lamp holder with pull switch:
Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):
Flourescent lamp:
Outlet with blank cover:
Junction box:
Special purpose outlet:
Range outlet:
Switch outlets:
S/S: single pole/togle switch.
S1,2: double gang light switch.
S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
2SW: two way switch.
3SW: three way switch.
SD: automatic door switch.
SWD: weather proof switch.
Sp: switch and pilot light.
Sf: fused switch.
SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
331619552.doc
331619552.doc
G I street elbow:
G I union:
Cross section of a check valve:
Cross section of a foot valve:
Float valve (side view):
Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water closet (cross section):
G I waterplug:
G I water pipe cap:
Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C:
Countersunk rivet:
Plug fuse:
Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter P V C D S and 110 millimeter
diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):
331619552.doc
Grease trap:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground floor and with fire hose attachment
in upper floors up to 5th floor:
Condulet:
Catridge fuse ferrule contact:
Acoustic ceiling:
Acoustic wall:
Carpet connection to floor:
Oval sink:
Escutheon:
Carriage bolt:
G I coupling:
G I tee reducer:
1/4 bend elbow D H:
Lag bolt:
Machine bolt:
2 inches C W nail:
Button head cap screw:
Olive knuckle butt hinge:
Cabin hook:
331619552.doc
The best conductor of heat is Helium (in its Helium II liquid state), which can conduct heat better than diamond or
silver.
Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the air; Control moisture in air.
Candle power. unit of illumination.
Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for sewers and drains.
Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an added procaution against water
pollution.
Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by means of ventilation.
A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.
Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay soil where natural drainage terminal
is available.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary treatment of sewer.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a manner as to allow raw
contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.
Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.
Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.
Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.
Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.
Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere through jets.
Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which operation is infrequent.
Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of wastes in modern building.
331619552.doc
Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly manufactured in length of 10 feet.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well carrying an appreciable amount of
lime.
Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets with or
without additional drain.
Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body waste to the plumbing system.
Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.
Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage of sewer air.
Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the frequency of starting and stopping
the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.
Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to direct current.
Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the field by means of a bell and battery
set.
Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door to
the floor at the bottom of the hoistway.
Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance suspended scenery or the like.
When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story building, flush valve W C and
urinals can be installed in all floors.
Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe permits its use for hot and cold water
supply systems.
One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is thye presence of pinholes in
the walls of a cast iron pipes used in the system.
Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks.
Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a cast iron pipe.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every meter and should be connected to the
house sewer of the same size.
Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.
4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types:
4 favoring factors for using fliament over flourescent lamp lighting:
4 disavantages of PVC compared to metallic conduit pipes:
4 electrical equipments that requires independent circuits:
The velocity of sound waves depends on the elasticity and density of its medium. they travel fast in steel.
Common material that has the least coefficient for sound absorption is metal.
In a room with concave walls, the reflected sound will produce echo.
A vital consideration in securing good acoustics in a room is shape of the room.
Automatic sprinkler systems operate under a control of electrical process.
The reflection of light is influenced by the color as well as the smoothness of the surface, pink is the color
that reflects more light.
331619552.doc
Clay tiles. roof covering material that allows the least flow of heat through the roof due to solar
radiation.
Air conditioning. modern method of controlling various factors in order to obtain indoor conditions
satisfying human comforts and health.
The split type of air conditioning is best suited for theaters.
The sides of A C rectangular ducts should not have a greater ratio of widths than 4 to 1.
Elevators in building are subject to the registration and inspection by the office of chief of fire
department.
Escalators are appropriate for department store type of establishment.
Freight elevators are normally required for airports.
For elevators, the balance weight of the car usually equals the weight of the car plus 40 percent of
the car capacity.
The landing zone for an automatic type of elevator car is 200 millimeters above and below a landing.
Cable. Major part of elevator.
Rheostat. controls speed of motor.
Safety. codes, ordinances and standards.
M G set. part of elevator machines.
Damper. regulates supply of air.
Baffles. directs the flow of air.
Thermometer. responds to change of temperature.
Filters. electronic or mechanical.
Mechanical. ventilation for toilets.
When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will continue, such lingering sound
is called reverberation.
On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is converted to heat and is thus
absorbed.
Knobs and tubes. open wiring installation.
Locknut and bushing. metal conduit installation.
Adaptors. PVC conduit installation.
Fuses. renewable or one time.
Selonoid. coil of electric wires.
Underground. service entrance.
110 to 220 volt. 3 wire service drop.
331619552.doc
110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor in the circuit.
Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch.
Air conditioner. required independent circuit.
Storage battery. produces d-c current.
Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways.
Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes
Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning.
Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an electrical circuit.
Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to.
Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit.
Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit.
Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits.
A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one.
Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical process.
Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material is called specific gravity.
Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a preset limit.
Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally satisfactory.
Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design that adds to its decorative
aspect.
The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice that of a filament lamp.
In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and wall outlets and baseboard
receptacles installed instead.
The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building is part of an architect's
professional service.
Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors.
Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a soil pipe.
Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden stoppage of flow.
Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.
Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing system to the point of connection
for the fixtures.
Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient functioning of a plumbing system.
Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but may be used with vent pipes.
Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same line.
Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and lavatory fixtures.
Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter measurements.
Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.
331619552.doc
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installation for issuance of permit; is a
registered with the PRC is the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation work
of a building project.
Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in joints of G I pipes.
National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to ensure that plumbing installation
conform with the demands of hygiene and comfort.
Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same
diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures branches is supplied by gravity from
an elevated tank.
Tap. a connection to a water supply main.
Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float.
Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint 2 pipes.
Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge from a septic tank.
Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a column of water of a given height.
Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of which can be turned.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting stream of water commonly used for
sink faucet.
Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower.
Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.
Grounding system. Protects life property from damage.
Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit.
Capacitator. charges storage batteries.
Conduit. protects electrical wiring.
Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative loops.
Direct current. flows in one direction only.
Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit.
Rheostat controls intensity of current flow.
Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.
Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance.
Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection in an electrical circuit.
Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected completing its path to the source
of supply.
Relay. stores electric charge.
Toggle switch. lever actuated.
Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor.
Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit.
Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the different floors of a building.
General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely with flourescent lamps because
they are most economical to operate than incandescent lamps.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by lightning stroke, lightning arresters
are used on structures of buildings.
A portable instrument called an illuminometer indicates directly in foot candles the intensity of light falling
upon a surface.
Sound absorption is the process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat.waves travel much
faster in air than in steel.
In elevator installation, the counterweight prevents the falling down of the elevator car.
The machine room in elevator intallations may be placed on top of the shaft or in the basement.
A thermostat is an instrument which responds to changes in temperature and directly or indirectly
controls temperature.
Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to an air conditioned space.
Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.
Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack.
Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes.
Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe.
Service cock. normally installed before water meter.
Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter.
Coupling. for hot and cold water connection.
Storm drain. for conveying rainwater.
Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste.
Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow. -pressure
Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work.
Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer.
Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.
Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by siphonage.
Water table. ground water level.
Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of electricity usually expressed in
amperes.
Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current.
Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated giving an audible signal and a visual
indication when energized by pressing a button.
Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of current.
Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans when the electrical works
exceeds 5 kilowatts load as per philippine electrical code.
Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.
331619552.doc
Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a particular object or draw attention to a
particular area.
Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect lighting unit s requires more wattage
than the indirect lighting system.
Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for structure 6 or more stories in
height.
Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important when considering the
construction of an auditorium or music hall.
An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good acoustics; however when acoustically
corrected is practically independent of the audience.
The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the discharge outlet.
Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to prevent moisture condensation.
Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and magnesium on water.
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installations for purpose of searching
permit.
Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents corrosion.
Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and wash posterior parts of the
body.
Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used especially in hospitals.
Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of sewage.
Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors for emptying parts of the dirty
water.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing stream of water.
331619552.doc
Types of sewage:
1. Domestic sewage.
2. Industrial or trade sewage.
3. Storm water.
Types of sewers:
1. Sanitary sewer.
2. Storm sewer.
3. Combined sewers.
Alternating current. is a current that changes both in strength and direction in a given time.
Shunt. The conductor of each branch.
2 conductor splice. 2 or more individually insulated electric conductors having a common outer
protective covering of metal.
Close circuit. a continous electrical path.
Power. watts / volts times voltage.
Lightning is conceived as an integral parrt of the architectural design, an element of the structure.
A good example of rheostat is a dimmer.
Wet stand pipe is not required in a building with automatic sprinkler system.
Electronic and communication engineer sign and seal for buildings having more than 5
telephones.
When 2 elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they can be located in 1 hoistway.
Incandescent bulb/lamp. a lamp from which light is emitted when a tungsten filament is heated to
incandescence by an electric arc.
Transformer. a device with 2 or more coupled windings, used to convert a supply of electric power at one
voltage to another voltage.
Dumbwaiter.a small car to deliver materials.
Safety. is a device incorporated in the bottom beam of the car frame and counterweight. Exerts retarding
force in case of overspeed by gripping guide rails.
Limit switches. are automatic devices which stop the car within the overtravel, independently of the
operating device.
Tension sheave. gives stability in governor's rope.
Landing zone. is 18 inches above or below the landing.
Absorptance. ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.
Accent lighting. directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part of
the field of view.
331619552.doc
Baffle. a single opaque or translucent element to shiled a source from direct view at certain
angles or absorb unwanted light.
Ballast. device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for
starting and operating.
Brightness. luminance.
Candela. unit of luminous intensity.
Candle power. luminous intensity expressed in candelas.
Rapid start fluorescent lamp. one designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the application of high voltage.
Shielding angle. angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight at which the
bare source first becomes visible.
Surface mounted luminaire. one mounted directly on the ceiling.
Suspended (pendant) luminaire. one hung from a ceiling by supports.
Coefficient of utilization. ratio of the luminous (flux) from a luminaire received on the work plane
to the lumens emitted by the luminaire's alone.
Daylight factor. ratio of the daylight illuminance on a plane to the exterior illuminance on a horizontal plane
from the whole of an obstructed sky of assumed of known luminance.
Caulking sleeve. a C I fitting used to join galvanized screw pipe to C I soil pipe
Water test. a test to determine whether there are leaks in a system of pipes.
Diffuse reflection. process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles.
Diffuse lighting. light that is not predominantly incident from any particular dirction.
Diffuse. device to redirect light or scatter the light from a source primarily by the process of diffuse
transmission.
Direct-indirect lighting. variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaires emit little or no light at
angles near the horizontal.
Flush mounted or recessed. luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire flush
with the surface of the ceiling.
Glare. sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater than the
luminance to which the eeyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual
performance and visibility.
Louver shielding angle. angle between the horizontal plane of the baffles or louver grid and the plane at
which the louver conceals all objects above.
331619552.doc
331619552.doc