:

.
:


.

:
: .
: .
:.
: .
: :
*
...
*
.

23

:
:
1 -
2

24

:
.
.
.
R-MgX
.

25

 -1
-1.1 :

:O2 CO2 H2O ) X2 ( Cl2 -2.1 :

.a
) ( R-CO-O-OH Peracide
-
AgO Ag 200C .
KMnO4
H2O2 -.
-
KMnO4 K2Cr2O7 ) ( H2SO4
.

.
.O3 -3.1 :
) ( Ni,Pd,Pt -4.1 :
. X2 HX .* : .
* : .
-5.1
-2
-1.2 .
-2.2:
- ) (
R
HX
CH(CH3)-R

26

+
+

H3 O

A lX

R-X

R-CH=CH2

+
+

 -
SO3H
H2O

H2SO4

SO3

-
NO2
H2O

H2SO4

HNO3

- 3
-1.3
-2.3 :
-
R-COCl - R-CN

27

:
.
.
) ( .

-1
28

 -1.1 :
- C170
- C140
-2.1 :
-
-
-2
-1.2
-2.2 :
-
-
-
-3.2 :



-4.2 ) (
-5.2 ) (
-3
-1.3
-2.3
-3.3 PCl3PCl5SOCl2
-4
-1.4 :

-2.4
) ( -3.4 :
R'-OH

O Na

29

NaOH

O
R
'O R

:
) . ( Paractamol
.

30

 :3
-1

OH-

OHOH-

NH4

R-NH3

R-NH2 -R

R
+
N R + OHR

H 2O

NH3
H 2O

R-NH2

H 2O
H 2O

R-NH-R
N R
R

XXX-

NH4

H X

R-NH3

R-NH2 -R

R
+
N R + XR

H X

H X
H X

NH3
R-NH2
R-NH-R
N R
R

-2 ) (
-3 ) (

* :R-NO2 H2
LiAlH4
.
* R-CONH2
* :R-CN

31

:
.
.

.
.

32

 -1
-1.1 :
)(
) (
.
-2.1 )--(

) ( lineaire ) ( ramifie ) ( reticul -3.1 .

PE

CH 2

H 2C
H

PP

CH 2
H 3C
H

PVC

CH 2
lC
H

PS

CH 2
6

H 5C
H 2C

CH 2
CH 3

H 2C
CH 3
H

CH 2
CN
CH 3

H 2C
3

33

HCOOC
OC
HN

H 2N

HN

6-6

COOH

HOOC

HO

OH

Tergal

HOOC

COOH

... .
:
:
.

. .
:


. .
-2
:
.
] [1.6 1

.
-3
-1.3 :

34

 -2.3 :

-3.3 :

-4
-1.4
- :

Mn

- :
.
-2.4
- :

.....
35

 -
) / -12- : (
/ : ( 6-6 )

01

Chemlab )
Introduction
This activity compares the reactions of alkanes and alkenes with bromine water.
Bromine reacts with the double bond to make a di-bromo-alkane.

Procedure
In this procedure we will do the following:
Step 1.
Add 5 mL of bromine water to two test tubes, and record its colour.
[One way to do this is to click on the picture of the test tubes 2 times. Right click on
each test tube and choose chemical. Select the chemical and the volume for each]
Step 2.
Add about 5 mL of hexane to one test tube and 5 mL of hexene to the other test tube.
Step 3.
Compare the resulting appearances.
Also use the Chemical Properties function [right click on the resulting chemical] to find
the substances present in each test tube.

Observations
The hexane appeared to
compared to the hexane which appeared to .

36

A relevant chemical equation is

02

-1:


.
C2H5-OH + HBr
H2O + C2H5-Br
-2 :
H2SO4 mL 22 mL 30 95KBr
g 20 .
-3 :
mL22 H2SO4 .
mL 30 mL 15
37

.
g 20 KBr
.

20 .

mL 22 H2SO4

.
38
39

03
) (
-1:

) (H2SO4 + K2Cr2O7 :
Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 4H2O+3/2O2
3CH3CHO + 3H2O 3
Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 3CH3CHO +7H2O

-2 :
g50 K2Cr2O7 mL40 H2SO438

K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4
CH3CH2OH + 3/2O2
K2Cr2O7 + 3CH3CH2OH + 4H2SO4

 ZnCl2 g23 CH3CH2OH . -3 :

g50 K2Cr2O7 mL250 mL 40 H2SO4
.
mL500 g23

.
70 .
)20( .
:

ZnCl2 )CH
. 3(3CHO

.

04
) (


.

05
39

 ) (Paractamol
)(Paractamol

06
) (
) Polyphnol-Formaldehyde (Baklite
:



.
:


40



.
:
) ( Resol
.
) ( Novolak
.
:
. % 40
.
:
.1 g1 mL2
%40
.2 mL0.2 2
.
.3

.4
.
.5

.
.6 .
.7 .
.8 mL0.2 mL0.2
%40
:
.

07
) ( Polymrisation du Styrne
:
:

: -
...... -
:
41

 ) (Styrne )Inhibiteurs de
( polymrisation
) ( Peroxyde de benzoyle
CH2=CH

CH2 CH

n
:
+ - -
.
) (Styrne - -
.
:
: 1 .
.1

.2
.
.3
.
: .
.1 5 g0.5
.
.2 .
.3 15 20

.
.4 .
.5 .
:
mL15 .
:
.

08

42

((Polymrisation Par Condensation

:
:
: )) (PET
( Polythylne Terephtalate (Dacron
) .
: ) Rsine
( glycrophtalique
) ( Glyptal
) (
.
) ( Rsine glycrophtalique
:
.
:

:
) ( - - - .
- - .
:
.1 mL100 g4
mL1.6
.
.2
.
.3 )
(
.
.4 5 10 .
43

 .5 .
.6 .

:
.

44

 09
) ( 6-6
)Synthse dun Nylon ( 6-6
:

.......
:

.
) 1.6 (
)Hexanedioique- 1.6 (acide adipique

) 16- (

)Hexanediamine-1.6 (hexamthylne diamine

) (R-COCl .
-(NH-(CH2)6-NH-CO-(CH2)4-CO)n+ nHCl

n Cl-CO-(CH2)4-CO-Cl + n NH2-(CH2)6-NH2

:
- ( Chlorure dadipyle
(
- ) (hemathylne diamine :
.1
.
.2 .
.3
.
.4
.
.5 .
:
45

46