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enf;tm;jzifh "mwktrIef
tpufrsm;udk tajccHjyD;
"mwfyHk[l jzpfvmcJhyg
onf/ odYkjzpf yHak umif;
wpfy&kH zdYk &m zvif trsKd;
tpm;? uifr&m trsKd;
tpm;ES i f h "mwf y H k u l ;

18

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'pf*spfw,f

uifr&m\
yHkazmfEdkifrI mega
pixels Mu;D rm;av

yH\
k resolution
ydkrsm;avjzpfonf/
odkYjzpf

onfh puLom; trsKd;tpm;rsm;tay:wGifvnf;

rlwnfygonf/
CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD)

if;twGuf
odkavSmifEdkifrI
(capacity)

rsm;aom memory
card udk

vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/

'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&monf zvifo;kH uifr&m
rsm;ESifhrjcm; yHko@mef'DZdkif; wlMuaomfvnf;
tvkyfvkyfyHk uGm;jcm;onf/ uifr&mcvkwfudk
EdSyfvkdufonfESifh tvif;0ifayguf (aperture)
yGifhoGm;um rSefbDvl;rSwpfqifh jrifuGif;\
tvif;a&mifonf 0ifvmonf/ if; 0ifvm
aom tvif;a&mifjcnfudk charge-coupled
device (CCD) [kac:aom sensor ud&d,m
odkYr[kwf cspfyfu tDvufx&Gefrsm;tjzpf
ajymif;vJay;vdu
k o
f nf/ if; CCD udk rSeb
f v
D ;l
\ aemufwGif wyfqifxm;onf/ odkYjzpf
CCD onf 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&m\ t"duypn;f
wpfckjzpfjyD; if;wGif tvGefao;i,faom
tvif;tmHkcH ypnf;av;rsm;ESifh tuGufazmf
wnfaqmufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg qJvf
uGufav;rsm;onf pixels yif jzpfonf/ CCD
wGif pixels ydkrsm;onfh uifr&monf aumif;
k resoonf odYk r[kwf megapixels jrifah vyH\
lution jrifhrm;av[k owfrSwfEdkifonf/ wpf
enf;tm;jzifh 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mrsm;udk aMumfjim
&mwGif megapixels (millions of pixels) rnfrQ
&dSonf[k a&;om;Mujcif; jzpfonf/ 6 megapixels trsK;d tpm; uifr&m\ CCD wGif pixels
aygif; 6 oef; yg0ifonf/ if; CCD cspfyfwGif
tvif; tmHkcHqJvfrsm;udk 3000x2000 = 6
million EIe;f jzifh xnfo
h iG ;f wnfaqmufxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
"mwfyHkdkuf,l&mwGif jrifuGif;\ yHk&dyf

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
twd k i f ; tvif ;
a&mifu CCD cspyf f
ud k xd r d u m if ;
CCD \ pixels
rsm;wGif yHkazmfvdkuf
onf/ t qdk yg
yHkazmf xm; onfh
tDvuf x&Gef epf
tcsuftvufrsm;
udk uifr&mxJ&dS odk
avSmifypnf; me-

PIXEL qdo
k nfrmS
Pixel onf picture element udk qdkvdk
onf/ tcsKdUu 'Pel' [l oHk;jyD; 'picture'

mory card (chip)

od k Y quf v uf y d k Y
um odrf;qnf;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
SLR (SINGLE-LENS-REFLEX)
SLR qdkonfrSm uifr&m\ wpfckwnf;
aom rSefcGuf (lens) udk jrifuGif;wGif csdefndjcif;

ESifh "mwfyHkdkuf,ljcif;wdkYwGif wpfNydKifwnf; oHk;

xm;onfh pepfudk qdkvdkygonf/ 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;rSm tqdyk g SLR pepfygonft
h wGuf
rdrd du
k ,
f v
l akd om jrifuiG ;f udk uifr&m\ LCD
wGif jrifae&NyD; cvkwEf ySd f du
k v
f u
kd o
f nfh yHo
k nf
vnf; rdrd csdefndxm;onfh jrifuGif;twdkif; jzpf
aeapygonf/ if;onf rSefcGuf (lens) rS
tvif;a&mif jzwfoef;0ifaecsdef rSefwpfcsyfESifh
Mum;cH,lum xkyHk tvif;jzmrSef (prism) u
wpfqifh a&mifjyef[yfapNyD; jrifuGif; LCD wGif
ay:aejcif; jzpfonf/ "mwfykH du
k o
f u
l cvkwu
f kd
EdSyfvdkufonfESifh if;Mum;cHrSefcsyfudk uifr&m
twGif;rS py&ifu tvdktavsmuf qGJz,fvdkuf
onf/ odkYjzifh csdefxm;onfh tvif;onf
rS e f c G u f (lens) rS
wpfqifh CCD udk jzwf
oef;NyD; 'pf*spfw,f
odkavSmif rSwf
Pf yp n f ;
memory
card wGif yHk

azmfvdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/

20

uGefysLwm*sme,f

cspyf u
f dk
oef&Y iS ;f ay;ykH
CCD

[lvnf; a&;Muygonf/ if;onf 'pf*spfw,f

yHk&dyfrsm;? uGefysLwmudk toHk;jyKxm;onfh
pmom;? *&yfzpfrsm;ESihf yHrk sm;? puLay:wGif y&ifh
xkwfxm;onfhyHkrsm; ponfwdkYwGif tao;i,f
qHk;? tajccHtusqHk;aom av;axmifhyHk tpuf
av; wpfpufom jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
pixel ud k yH k w pf y H k & d S tpuf i ,f od k Y r [k w f
av;axmifyh kH twH;k uav;tjzpf rSw,
f El ikd o
f nf/
tqdkyg (pixels) tpufaygif; odef;? oef; ta&
twGuf pkaygif;um 'pf*spfw,f yHkwpfyHktjzpf
yDjyifatmif azmfaqmifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ Pixel
ta&twGuef nf;vQif yHw
k iG f av;axmifo
h Pmef
yHk&dyfrsm;? tpuftajymufrsm; jzpfaewwfNyD;
pixel ta&twGuf rsm;onfESifhtrQ uspfvspf

aooyfaom yHkaumif;wpfyHkudk jzpfapygonf/

if;onf resolution udk wdkif;wmjcif;vnf;
jzpfonf/
'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;wGif jrifuGif;
wpfckckudk dkuf,lvQif mega pixel rnfrQtxd
wnfaqmufay;Edkifonf[k aMunmMuonf/
Mega pixels onf one million pixels ta&

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
if;twGuf

twGujf zpfjyD; yHw

k pfyw
kH iG &f aSd om pixels
rsm; jzpfonf/ uifr&mwGif 2048x
1536 image sensor (CCD) jzifh
yHkudk zrf;,lEdkifygu if;onf
pixels aygif; (2048x1536=
3,145,728) yg0ifwnfaqmuf
xm;onfh 3.1 megapixels
trsKd;tpm; uifr&myif jzpf
onf/
'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm; ay:cgpwGif 1 megapixels yifrjynfc
h ahJ omfvnf;
,ck 10 to 12 megapixels ausmfonftxd
jrifrh m;vmonf/ odYk&mwGif megapixels rsm;av
if;uifr&monf wefzdk;MuD;av jzpfonf/

4 inches x 300 ppi = 1200 pixels

6 inches x 300 ppi = 1800 pixels
1200 x 1800 = 2160000 pixels = 2.16
megapixels

vdktyfygrnf/
8_10 vufrt&G,f yHkMuD;MuD;udk &,lzdkY&m
8 inches x 300 ppi = 2400 pixels
10 inches x 300 ppi = 3000 pixels
2400 x 3000 =7200000 pixels = 7.2
megapixels vdkygrnf/ if;wGif t&nf

taoG;udk t"durxm;
vQif 200 ppi ESifh wGuf
Edkifygonf/ odkYjzpf
oifonf yHkMuD;MuD;udk
t&nftaoG; jynhf0pGm
&,l E d k i f & ef 7 mega
pixels trsKd ; tpm;
uif r &mud k vd k t yf y g
rnf/ tu,f ydkYpuwf
t&G,yf rkH sm;om du
k rf nfqykd gu 3 megapixels
qd k v Qif vH k a vmuf y gonf / trsKd ; tpm;wl
uifr&mwGif 3 megapixels onf a':vm 200
jzpfygu 7 megapixels uifr&monf a':vm
300 rQ usoifhEdkifygonf/

vdt
k yfaom mega pixels ESihf uifr&m
yH k a umif ; wpf y H k t wG u f uif r &mtay:
rlwnfovdk yHkxkwf,lrnfh y&ifwmESifh rif
aq;&nf trsKd;tpm;? ("mwfyHk)puLom; ponf
wdkYtay:wGifvnf; rlwnfaeonf/ yHkaumif;
wpfyHk xkwfEdkif&ef tjrifhqHk; t&nftaoG;onf
300 dpi (dots per inch) [k qdkygonf/ wpf
vufrtwGif; tpufaygif; 300 &dSoifhonf[k
qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf/
'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrS yHkt&nftaoG;onf
pixel ac: tpufuav;rsm;\ ta&twGuf ppi
(pixels per inch) jzpfovdk y&ifwm xkwfrnfh
t&nftaoG;onfvnf; dpi (dots per inch)
jzpfonf/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk;wGif tpufuav;rsm;\
ta&twGufudk tajccHMujcif; jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh "mwfyHk dkufzdkY&m 4"x6"
(ydkYpuwf) t&G,fESifh wGufMunfhEdkifonf/
MEMORY CARD wGif yHk oda
k vSmifEikd rf ZI ,m;
3 megapixel
5 megapixel
6 megapixel
8 megapixel

128
105
50
40
32

256
212
101
80
64

512
424
203
160
128

1GB
852
407
320
256

'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mESihf MEMORY CARD rsm;
'pf*spfw,f uifr&m0,fvQif memory
card yg0ifaomfvnf; if;onf odkavSmifEdkifrI
pGrf;&nf (capacity) tvGefenf;ygonf/ odkYjzpf
uifr&morm;rsm;onf aemufxyfuwf
wpfckckudk tydkaqmif;0,f&wwfonf/ uifr&m
\ resolution &,lEdkifrItay: rlwnfjyD; yHk\
t&G,ftpm;vnf; MuD;vmonf/ t&G,ftpm;
onf yH\
k tMuD;tao;udk rqdv
k ykd g/ yHu
k kd t&nf
taoG;udk wdkif;wmjcif; jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
5 Mega pixels [kaMumfjimxm;aom 'pf*spw
f ,f
uifr&mwGif 1GB capacity &dSaom memory
card udkoHk;ygu yHkaygif; 400 ausmfudk dkuf,l
odkavSmifEdkifygvdrfhrnf/
xdkYtjyif uifr&maMumfjimrsm;wGif
uifr&mjzifh yHkaygif; rnfrQudk memory card

ar? 2008

21

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
SD, microSD, Intelligent Stick ponf trsKd;

wGif vufcH odrf;xm;Edkifonfudk jy wwfonf/

if;onf &,lEikd o
f nfh zdik t
f rsKd;tpm;ay: rlwnf
jyD; yHkt&G,ftpm; uGmjcm;EdkifaomaMumifh twd
tus rrS e f E d k i f y g/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h TTF
odYk r[kwf RAW zdik rf sm;jzifh &,lygu ae&m ydjk yD;
,lEdkifonf/
vdt
k yfaom MEMORY
'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm\ yHkazmfpGrf;tm;
mega pixel MuD;av rSwfPfodkavSmifuwf
(memory card) ae&m,lrI rsm;av jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 3 megapixels trsKd;tpm; 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mrSm yHkwpfyHkudk JPEG setting,
0.8MB EIef;ESifh dkufrnfqdkvQif 128MB uwf
twGuf yHkaygif; 150 cefY 0ifqHhEdkifygrnf/ yHkrsm;
\ resolution MuD;av yH0k ifqrhH I enf;avjzpfjyD;
resolution enf;vQif ykH0ifqhHEdkifrI rsm;ygrnf/
acwfrDuifr&mrsm;rSm resolution rnfrQudk
oHk;vQif yHkaygif;rnfrQ 0ifqHhrnfudk azmfjyay;
wwfygonf/
MEMORY CARD rsm;\ tem*wf
Memory card rsm;udk pwif oHk;cJhonfrSm

10 ESpfausmf umvrQom &dSygOD;rnf/ odkY&mwGif

memory card rsm;\ t&G,fonf
tvGefao;i,fvmcJhjyD;
tcsuf t vuf od k
avSmifEIef;onf thHMo
zG , f rsm;vmcJ h o nf /
tpOD ; wG i f 16MB,
32MB om &dc
S &hJ mrS ,ck
tcg RS-MMC, mini-

22

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Memory card rsm;\

t&G,t
f pm;onf
tvGef
ao;i,fvmonf/

tpm;rsm;udk wDxiG cf MhJ ujyD;

t&G , f t pm;onf 1.5
pwk&ef;{&d,mESifh txl
onf wpfrDvDrDwmrQom
jzpfonf/ tcsuftvuf
odkavSmifEIef; (capacity)
onf tvGefMuD;rm;vm
onf / Oyrmtm;jzif h
Sony onf 32GB 0ifqhHonfh memory stick
PROS udk xkwv
f yk rf nf[k aMunmxm;ygonf/
MEMORY CARD trsK;d tpm;rsm;
COMPACTFLASH
CompactFlash
(CF) udk rlv

u c&D;aqmif
tDvufx&Gef
epfypnf;rsm;
wG i f tcsuf
tvuf od k
avSmif&ef wD
xGifcJhjcif;jzpfjyD; 1994 ckESpfwGuf SanDisk rS
xkwfvkyfcJhygonf/ ,cktcg if;onf 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mrsm;wGif toHk;rsm;vmcJhjyD; txl;
ojzifh trsKd;tpm; jrifrh m;aumif;rGeo
f nfh 'pf*spf
w,fuifr&mrsm;wGif CompactFlash odYkr[kwf
CompactFlash ESifh tvm;wluwfrsm;udk oHk;
Muonf/
CompactFlash wGif Type I ESifh Type II
[l ESpfrsKd;&dSonf/ Type I onf 3.3 rDvDrDwm
ESifh Type II onf 5 rDvDrDwmxl t&G,ftpm;
rSm 43_36 rDvDrDwmpD jzpfMuonf/ Type II
onf ydkxlaomaMumifh uifr&mrsm;wGif xnfh
r& jzpfwwfonf/ Type II onf capacity ydk
jrifhrm;jyD; pufydkif;qdkif&m yg0ifonfh Micro
Drive trsKd;tpm;vnf;jzpfonf/ if;uwf
trsKd;tpm;rsm;wGif control chip yg0ifjyD; yHrk sm;
udk a&GUajymif;EIef; jrifhonf/ tqdkyga&GUajymif;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
EIef;udk buffers xnfx
h m;
onfh uifr&m
trsK;d tpm;rsm;
ESifh tqifhjrifh

&ef pDpOfaqmif&GufaeMuygonf/ if;wdkYwGif

Secure Digital card write-protect cvkwf
yg0ifjyD; tcsuftvufrsm;\ vHkjcHKrItwGuf
toHk;0ifonf/

digital SLRs

XD PICTURE CARD

uifr&mrsm;u
om vuf c H
aqmif&GufEdkif
Muonf/

if;uwftrsKd;tpm;udk Olympus ESihf Fuji

wdkYu 2002 ckESpfwGif xkwfvkyfMucJhjyD; format
tm;jzifh topf jzpfonf/ xD onf extreme
Digital udk qdkvdkygonf/ Type M ESifh Type

Compact Flash trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf aps;ayg

jyD; aps;uGufwGif tvG,fwul 0,f,l&&dSEdkif
onf/ if;uwfrsm;udk 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m
trsm;pkwGif oHk;Edkifonf/ uGefysLwmoHk; tcsuf
tvufrsm;udv
k nf; odr;f qnf;Edik o
f nf/ CompactFlash rsm; ay:pu 512- MB om &dScJh&m
rS ,cktcg 8GB rsm;udk toHk;rsm;vmMuonf/
qufvuf 16GB rS 64GB txd xkwv
f yk Ef ikd f
&ef aqmif&GufaeMuygonf/
H [l &dSonf/ if;wdkYonf tjcm; trsKd;tpm;
SECURE DIGITAL & MULTIMEDIA CARD

if;wdkYonf t&G,ftpm; ao;i,faom

uwftrsKd;tpm;rsm;jzpfMujyD; tvGef t&G,fi,f
aom uifr&mrsm;twGuf oifhawmfonf/ Secure Digital onf 15_11 rDvr
D w
D mrS 32_24
rDvDrDwmtxdomjzpf MultiMedia Card
(MMC) onf 24_32_1.4 rDvDrDwm t&G,f
tpm; &dSonf/ Matsushita, SanDisk, Toshiba ukrPDwdkYu t"duxkwfvkyfMujyD; PDA,
organizers, MP3 player, GPS sets, Cell
phones rsm;wGifvnf; oHk;Muonf/ ,cifu
odkavSmifEdkifrIenf;jyD; 512MB 0ifqaHh om uwf

rsm;udk toHk;rsm;cJh
&mrS ,cktcg
4GB txd
a&muf&dSvm
umodak vSmif
EdkifrI ydkrdkjrifh
rm;vmae
onf/ 8GB rS 32GB,
128GB txd xkwfvkyf

24

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rsm;xuf ydkjrefjyD; t&G,ftpm;vnf;i,fMu

onf/ yg0gpGrf;tm; oHk;rIvnf; enf;Muonf/
odkY&mwGif aps;MuD;jrifhonf[k qdkMuygonf/
,cktcg tjcm;aom ukrP
rD sm;pGmrSvnf; xkwf
vkyfaeMuonf/ if;wdkYonf 25_20_1.78
rDvDrDwm t&G,ftpm;xd ao;i,fMujyD; tvGef
ao;aom uifr&mrsm;wGio
f ;kH Edik o
f nf/ odak vSmif
EdkifrI enf;aecJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg 8GB txd
jzpfvmaeonf/ CompactFlash oH k ; aom
uifr&mtrsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifh MP3 player, voice
recorder wdkYwGifvnf; oHk;Muygonf/ CompactFlash adaptor cHvnf; oHk;Edkifonf/
MEMORY STICK
Memory stick udk Sony ukrPDrS if;\
CyberShot digital camera twGuf 1998 ckEp
Sf

atmufwdkbmvwGif pwif rdwfqufxkwfvkyfcJh

onf/ tjcm;aom tDvufx&Gefepfypnf;rsm;
wGiv
f nf; oH;k Edik o
f nf/ odYk jzpf if;wdYk ukd qdek rD S
xkwfvkyfonfh uifr&mrsm;wGifom toHk;rsm;cJh
jyD; ,cktcg tjcm;aom uifr&m trsKd;tpm;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tcsKdUwdkYwGif
vnf; oHk;ae
Mu onf /
rnfoYkdyifjzpf
ap uifr&m
twGuf memory stick

0,f vQif
owdjyK&rnfh
tcsuf jzpfonf/ oifhxHwGif qdkeDuifr&m tyg
t0if Sony MP3 player, PDA, Sony VAIO
computer ponf &dSxm;vQif if; memory
stick rsKd;udk 0,fxm;&onfrSm tqifajyygvdrfh
rnf/ Memory Stick Pro trsKd;tpm;opfwGif
1GB txd 0ifqHhonf/ ,cktcg 8GB txd
odkavSmifEdkifaom uwfrsm;udk xkwfvkyfvmcJhjyD;
Sony \ memory stick PRO wGif 32GB txd
&&dSvmEdkifygrnf/
Memory stick trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk qdkeD
uk r P D o mru

t&G,t
f pm;
ao;i,faom
MicroDrive

MICRO DRIVE
MicroDrive onf wu,fwrf;wGif hard
disk drive tao;pm;wpfckyifjzpfjyD; if;udk

vQif wpfa':vmEIe;f jzifh aps;EIe;f owfrw

S Mf uqJ
jzpfonf/

MicroDrive rsm;onf solid state r[kwf

SanDisk, Lexar ponf w d k Y

uvnf; xkwf
vkyv
f mMuonf/
odkY&mwGif qdkeDrS
xk w f v k y f o nf h
pufrsm;wGifom
toHk;rsm;aeqJ
jzpfonf/ Memory stick [l
aom tac:ta0:udk USB flash drive ESifh
rSm;wwfMuonf/ if; Sony memory stick
trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf qdkeDr[kwfaom tjcm;puf
rsm;wGif oHk;vQif tqifrajyrIrsm; &dSwwfonf
[k qdkygonf/ xdkYtwl Memory stick PRO
ESifh Memory stick PRO Duo wdkYonf puf
a[mif;rsm;wGif tvkyfrvkyfEdkifMuyg/

Type II CompactFlash tdrw

f iG f xnfo
h iG ;f xm;
jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkyg drive trsKd;tpm;udk
IBM rS 1999 ckESpfwGif xkwfvkyfcJhjyD; ,cktcg
8GB txd odak vSmifEi
kd pf rG ;f &daS eonf/ Hitachi
ukrPDu 2007 ckESpf ukefydkif;rsm;wGif 20GB
txd 0ifqrhH nfh MicroDrive rsm;udk aps;uGuo
f Ykd
ydYkEikd rf nf[k qdo
k nf/ MicroDrive udk one byte

Sony \ 6 GB qHh
memory stick PRO

bJ pufydkif;qdkif&m ypnf;tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0if

ae ysufpD;vG,fonf/ vQyfppf pGrf;tif (buf
x&D) oHk;pGJrIvnf; ydkrsm;wwfjyD; tcsuftvuf
&SmazGEIef;onf CompactFlash card xuf
tenf;i,faES;onf/ tm;omcsufrSm aps;EIef;
oufomjyD; uGeyf sLwmpepfrsm;udk xnfo
h iG ;f oH;k
Edik o
f nf/ wkwEf ikd if rH v
S nf; tqdyk g hard disk
drive tao;pm;rsm;udk xkwfvkyfaeonf/ uGef
ysLwm ti,fpm;rsm;twGuf ydkrdktoHk;0ifvmEdkif
ygonf/
SMART MEDIA
SmartMedia onf

'pf*sifw,f uifr&m

rsm;wG i f toH k ; rsm;

aom trsKd;tpm; jzpf
jyD; 1995 ckESpfwGif
Toshiba uk r P D r S
pwifxw
k v
f yk cf o
hJ nf/
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CompactFlash, PC

ar? 2008

25

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rsm;udk ,SOfjydKif&ef xkwfvkyfcJhjcif; jzpf
jyD; txl;ojzifh Olympus, Fuji uifr&mrsm;wGif
oHk;Muonf/ t&G,ftpm; 45_37_0.76 rDvD
rDwm jzpf uGefysLwmoHk; tcsuftvufrsm;udk
10 ESpfMum odrf;xm;Edkifonf[kqdkonf/ ,ck
tcg xD Picture uwfrsm; tpm;xdk; 0ifa&muf
vmaeonf/ odkY&mwGif aps;EIef;oufomjcif;
aMumifh SmartMedia card rsm; qufvuf
oHk;aeMuqJ jzpfonf/ odkavSmifEdkifrI 128MB
om jzpfonf/ Adapter cH PCMCIA ae&m
wGif oHk;Edkifonf/
card

USB FLASH DRIVE

USB port ESihf qufo,
G f oH;k &aomaMumifh
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ponf tvG,f ac:Muonf/ ukrPDrsm;pGmrS

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rsm;wGif aps;uGufodkY yxrqHk; wifydkYa&mif;cscJh
onf[kvnf; qdkonf/ M-Systems uvnf;
1998 ckEpS u
f wnf;u USB drive rsm;udk pwif
xkwfvkyfaejyD[k qdkygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
USB port udk toH;k rsm;vmojzifh tqdy
k g drive
rsm;onf tcsdefwdktwGif; ta&mif;&qHk;aom
uGefysLwmESifh rD'D,moHk;ypnf;rsm; jzpfvmae
onf/ USB port odYk qufonfh xd;k wHom yHak o
jzpfjyD; usefudk,fxnfydkif;udk t&G,ftpm;? 'DZdkif;
rsKd;pHkjzifh xkwfvkyfaeMuygonf/ 'pf*spfw,f
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uGeyf sLwm? y&ifwm? rD',
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rsm;pGmudk USB drive wGio

f rd ;f qnf;MujyD; if;yHk
rsm;udk y&ifhxkwf&ef qdkifodkY ,loGm;wwfMuyg
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Card Reader qdkonfrSm oD;jcm; hard
drive trsKd;tpm;jzpf 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m

orm;rsm;twGuf yHkaygif;rsm;pGm pkjyD;

xnfhxm;Edkifonfh ud&d,mjzpf
onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh memory card rS yHkrsm;udk if; drive
wGif ajymif;a&TUxnfx
h m;jcif;jzifh
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&dSaeapjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg
drive rsm;onf odkavSmifEdkifrI
pGrf;&nf 80GB txd &dSMujyD;
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twGuf aqmifxm;oifhonfh ypnf;wpfckvnf;
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if;wdkYwGif Epson P-3000 40GB multimedia storage viewer, SmartDisk FlashTrax
80GB portable media device, Sandisk
Sansa Pocket media player, Apple iPod
video media player 60GB pufrsm;onf

oDcsif;em;axmifjcif;? wDAGD? AD'D,dk MunfhEdkifjcif;

wdkYudkvnf; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
CARD READERS
Card Reader

qdkonfrSm 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mESifh tDvufx&GefepfpepfoHk; pufrsm;
twGuf t&Hypnf;wpfckjzpfjyD; uGefysLwmwGif
USB odYk r[kwf FireWire port cHum qufo,
G f
Edkif tvkyfvkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ if;onf uwf

28

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
trsKd ; tpm;rsm;pG m ud k
vufcHum uGefysLwmodkY
tcsuftvuf odkYr[kwf
yHkrsm;udk ydkYay;jcif; jzpf
onf/ tvG,fwul wyf
qifEdkifjcif;ESifh jzKwf,lEdkif
jcif; jyKvkyfEdkifjyD; tcsKdU card
readers rsm;onf oD ; jcm;
vQyfppfpGrf;tif rvdkyg/ uGefysL
wmodkY uifr&mudk wdkufdkuf csdwf
qufoHk;Edkifaomfvnf; tqdkyg card
reader rsm;u ydkrdkjrefqefpGm tvkyf
vkyEf ikd yf gonf/ 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m
rsm;wGif trsm;tm;jzifh uifr&mESifh
uGeyf sLwmudk wdu
k f u
kd f rqufo,
G f
bJ card reader rSwpfqifh yHkrsm;udk
ajymif;a&TUMuygonf/
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SDHC, MicroDrive, MS Duo, MS PRO

Duo, miniSD, RS MMC uwftrsKd;tpm; 12

rsKd;udk vufcHtoHk;jyKEdkifonf[k qdkygonf/

aemufq;kH ay: MEMORY CARD trsK;d tpm;rsm;
LEXAR PROFESSIONAL SDHC 4GB 133X
MEMORY CARD
if;uwf Lexar (www.lexar.com) rS

xkwfvkyfjyD; jrefEIef;jrifh uwftrsKd;tpm; jzpf

onf/ t&nftaoG; jrifrh m;aomyHrk sm;udk aumif;
pGm dkuf,lokdavSmifEdkifjyD; yHkrsm; ysufpD;jcif;?
aysmufqHk;jcif;twGuf q,fwifEdkif&ef Image
Rescue 3 aqmhz0
f J yg&do
S nf/ xdYktwl yHrk sm;udk
jyKjyif&ef Corel Paint Shop Pro X aqmhzf
0JEiS hf odak vSmifxed ;f odr;f xm;&ef Lexar Backup
n Sync s aqmhzf0Jrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;ay;
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odkavSmifEdkifrI 4GB rS 8GB txd jzpfjyD;
10-megapixel &dSaom uifr&mrsm;twGuf
oifhavsmfygonf/ vufawGU prf;oyfcsuft&
3 to 5MB JPEG yHr
k sm;udk t&nftaoG; rusap
&ef xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf/

types1 & 2, SmartMedia, Memory Stick, Memory Stick Pro,

MultiMedia card, xD Picture card, SD card,

MEMORY CARD FORMATS

uwftrnf
PC Card
CompactFlash I
CompactFlash II
SmartMedia
Memory Stick
Memory Stick Duo
Memory Stick Micro M2
Multimedia Card
Reduced Size Multimedia Card
MMCmicro Card
Secure Digital Card
miniSD Card
microSD Card
xD-Picture Card
Intelligent Stick
card
NT Card

twdkaumuf
PCMCIA
CF-I
CF-II
SM/SMC
MS
MSD
M2
MMC
RS-MMC
MMCmicro
SD
miniSD
microSD
xD
iStick
card
NT NT+

t&G,ftpm;
85.6543.3 mm
43 363.3 mm
43365.5 mm
45370.76 mm
5021.52.8 mm
3120.01.6 mm
1512.51.2 mm
32241.5 mm
16241.5 mm
12141.1 mm
32242.1 mm
21.5201.4 mm
11151 mm
20251.7 mm
24182.8 mm
32241 mm
44242.5 mm

ar? 2008

29

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
USB FLASH MEMORY udk FORMAT csjcif;
oif\ USB flash card odkYr[kwf flash drive onf
t&G,af o;i,fonf[k qdak omfvnf; format cs&ef vdak umif;
vdkygvdrfhrnf/ if;twGuf
1/ USB flash drive udk uGefysLwm USB slot wGif wyfyg/
2/ oifh uGefysLwm pepfrS if; flash drive udk removable
disk tjzpf awGU&dSvufcHjyD; jzpf&ygrnf/
3/ My Computer (icon) udk zGifhjyD; tqdkyg USB flash
drive (icon) udk armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfvdkufyg/

udk FAT32 udk a&G;cs,fxm;yg/ Quick Format udk

a&G;cs,f&ef rvdkyg/
7/ Start cvkwfukd uvpf vkyfvdkufyg/
8/ xdktcg format vkyfief;pOfonf flash drive xJ&dS tcsuf
tvuf tm;vHk;udk zsufygvdrfhrnf[laom owday;csuf
ay:vmygrnf/ oifonf if; tcsufudk vufcHod&dSjyD;

4/ ay:vmaom pmom;rsm;rS 'Format...' udk uvpf vkyv

f u
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flash drive udk qufvuf toHk;jyKEdkifygjyD/

5/ xdYk aemuf 'Format Removable Disk' [laom box wpfck

ay:vmygrnf/
6/ tu,f format jyKvky&f ef qE r&dyS gu Close cvkwu
f kd
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jyKvkyf&ef Capacity rSef? rrSefudk ppfyg/ File System

30

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
yg pufypnf;rsm;rSm oHk;wwfMuyg
w,f/

MEMORY CARD FAQ

Memory card qdk onf rSm

bmvJ/ Memory card onf

rnfuo
Jh Ykd tvkyf vkyaf qmifygovJ/
Memory card qdkonfrSm wpf
om;wnf; jyKvkyfxm;aom odkavSmif
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ryg0if y g/ t*F v d y f b momtm;jzif h
solid state jzpf j yD ; uG e f y sLwmoH k ;
a0g[m&wGif nonvolatile computer
memory data storage vdkY oHk;EIef;Mu
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wJh odkavSmifypnf; qdkygawmh/ tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk zsufvdkvQif? xnfhoGif;
vdkvQif odkYr[kwf wpfpHkwpf&m jyKvkyf
vdkvQif tDvufx&GefepftajccHoHk;
ypnf;rsm;udk toHk;jyK&jyD; vQyfppf
odkYr[kwf tDvufx&Gefepf enf;ynmeJY
om aqmif&Guf&ygw,f/
tqdkyg rSwfPfxdef;ypnf;rsm;
wGif pufydkif;qdkif&m vIyf&Sm;jcif;tpm;
vQyfppf odkYr[kwf tDvufx&Gefepf
enf;ynmjzifh vIy&f mS ;aqmif&u
G af pjcif;
jzpfvdkY t&G,ftpm; ao;i,fatmif
xkwfvkyfEdkifMujcif; jzpfygw,f/ toHk;
jyK&ef vQyfppfpGrf;tifudkvnf; trsm;
tjym; rvdktyfyg/ vQyfppf wnfjidrfrI
vnf; &dSjyD; tE&m,fuif;pGm toHk;jyK
Edik Mf uygw,f/ odYk jzpf memory card
rsm;udk c&D;aqmifuGefysLwm? 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&m? *drf;upm;onfh pufcHk
rsm;? c&D;aqmif zkef;rsm;? vufqGJ wDADG
puf? aw;zGifhpufi,frsm;eJY tjcm;
tDvufx&Geef pf vlo;kH ukeyf pn;f trsKd;
rsKd;rSm oHk;aeMuygjyD/ txl;ojzifh

34

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnfhvdkuf? zsuf

vdkufeJY tMudrfMudrf oHk;Edkifjcif;u memory card rsm;&JU tm;omcsufwpf&yf
yg/

Memory card rsm;wGifformat

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aeygjyD/ Oyrmtm;jzifh SD card, miniSD card, microSD card, SDHC card,
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Memory Stick Pro, Memory Stick
Pro Duo, multimedia card, smartmedia card, XD card ponf jzpfMuyg

w,f/ odkYjzpf xkwfvkyfwJh ukrPD

tay: rlwnfjyD; format rsm;vnf;
trsKd;rsKd; &dSEdkifygw,f/ Memory card
r0,fcif qdik rf mS oiftoH;k jyKr,fh ypn;f
eJY udkufnDrI &dS? r&dSudk aocsmpGm ar;yg/
odkYr[kwf oHk;r,fhypnf;udk ,loGm;jyD;
wpfcgwnf;xnfhMunhfyg/ Oyrmtm;
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if;twGuf SD card udk rSm;0,fwwf
ygw,f/ tcsKdU devices rsm;onf uwf
trsKd;tpm; tenf;i,fudkom vufcH
oHk;EdkifMuygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh memory stick, memory stick Pro, memory stick duo wdYkukd qde
kt
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Memory card wpfcu

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rvkyyf g/ bmjzpfvv
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format csMunh f y g/ if ; uwf E S i f h
oufqdkifaom manual udk aocsmpGm
zwfIjyD; rnfonfh electronic device
rsKd;wGif format cs&rnfudk Munfhyg/
odkYr[kwf qdkifodkY jyefar;yg/
b,fvkd
toH;k jyK&rSmvJ/ nTeMf um;csuf rsm;
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ta&;MuD;wJh nTefMum;csufrsm; yg&dS
wwfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh memory
card jziffh tcsut
f vufrsm;udk ul;aepOf
odkYr[kwf tvkyfvkyfaepOf uwfudk
qGJrxkwfygESifh/ toHk;jyKjyD;wJhtcsdefrSm
oHk;aewJh pufypnf;udk rD;ydwfvdkufjyD;rS
qGJxkwfygqdkwJh owday;csufrsKd;yg/
Memory card rsm;rSm tvG,fwul
ysufp&m pufypnf;rsKd; rygayr,fh
vQyfppfudk xdef;odrf;&mrSm tvGef Ek
w,fvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ vQyfppf"mwf
tm; kwfw&uf aysmufoGm;&if ysufpD;
Edkifovdk? vQyfppf"mwftm; jyif;xefpGm
pD;0if&ifvnf; ysufpD;Edkifygw,f/
'Dvdk vQyfppf"mwftm; tajymif;
tvJ odkYr[kwf electrostatic discharge (ESD) udk oufomapzdYk&m memory card &JU owKtquf (connec
tors) rsm;udk Murf;wrf;pGm udkifwG,f
jcif;? oHvdkufuJhodkY ypnf;rsm;eJY xdjcif;
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cards wdkYrSm jzpfwwfMuygw,f/ bmyJ

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h cg
yHktcsKdU ysufaewm? aysmufaewmrsKd;udk
trsm;tm;jzifh MuHKMu&ygw,f/ if;
onf uwfrSm&dSwJh sectors tcsKdUonf
vQyfppf"mwftm; kwfw&uf r&vdkuf
vdkY ysufoGm;wmuae jzpf&w,fvdkY
qdkygw,f/ Sector qdkwm uwfay:rSm
tcsuftvufrsm;udk pepfwus xnfh
xm;zdkY owfrSwfxm;wJhtuGuf odkY
r[kwf vrf;aMumif; tpdwftydkif;wpfck
qdkygawmh/
ckvdk yHkawG rMumcP ysufae&if
uwfudk format csMunhfyg/ 'DvdkrS
qufjzpfaeao;&if uGefysLwmrSm wyf
jyD; Scandisk vkyMf unhyf g/ r&&ifawmh
if;uwfudk xkwfvkyfwJh ukrPD odkY
r[kwf qdkifudk jyMunhfyg/
tckvdk yHkawG rMumcP ysufpD;&
jcif;uae umuG,fzdkY&m enf;vrf;
tcsKdUudk 'Dvdk a&;xm;wm awGU&
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wpfcgwnf;eJY tMuD;qHk;
udk r0,fygeJY/ ,cktcg
odak vSmif
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txd
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vnf; qHk;HI;rI MuD;rm;ygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'Dvdk uwfMuD;MuD;udk r0,fbJeJY
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2/ Memory card udk uifr&m odkY
r[kwf pufypnf;wpfckckxJ xnfh
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jyD;jyD;csif; yHzk sufjcif; rjyKvkyyf gESi/hf
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aemufwpfMudrx
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wif&mwGif uifr&mrS wdkufdkuf
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ar? 2008

35

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

uReaf wmhf memory card udk

'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mu aumif;pGm
tvkyf rvkyfyg/ oHk;vdkuf&if rodovdkrsKd;
jzpfaeygw,f/ Memory card u
bmjzpfvdkYvJ/
Memory card udk uifr&m odkY
r[kwf oufqdkif&m wpfckck device
xJodkY xnfhwm enf;pepfrSef&JUvm;/
uwfrSmygwJh yifuav;rsm;onf npf
ayaeovm;qdkonfudk ppfMunhfyg/
uifr&modYk uwfxnfw
h m enf;pepf rSef
onfw
h ikd f uifr&mu rodb;l qd&k ifawmh
uwfu ysufaevdkYyg/ Format csjyD;
oH;k wmawmif r&cJ&h if uwfxw
k v
f yk w
f hJ
ukrPD odkYr[kwf uwf0,fwJh qdkifudk
om jyefar;Munhfyg/
aysmufomG ;wJh tcsut
f vuf
rsm;? yHkrsm;udk memory card
uae b,fvdk jyefq,fxkwfEdkifygovJ/

Norton Disk Doctor, Scandisk,

Disk Frist Aid wdYk vkd hard disk repair

jyifwJh aqmhzf0JrsKd;udk oHk;jyD; uwfudk

jyifMunhfyg/ ysufaewJh tpdwftydkif;u
tcsuftvuftcsKdUudk jyefq,f xkwf
ay;Edkifygw,f/
yHkrsm;udk jyefvnfq,fwifay;Edkif
wJh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;Munhfyg/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh 'BadCopy Pro, En Case,
Image rescue, RecoverPlus Photo
recovery, eIMAGE Recovery, Photorescue2, Digital Image recovery,
Digital Picture recovery, Digital
Photo Recovery, MediaRECOVER
Image Recovery Software, Image
Recall, Data recall, File-rescue Plus,
PHOTORECOVERY, Recovery My
Photos, Search and Recover2,
Flash File recovery, PhotoRescue
Pro, PhotoOne Recovery, Media
Undelete Digital Image Recovery

36

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Software' ponf

aqmhzf0Jrsm; jzpfMu
ygw,f/ rnfonfh aqmhz0f o
J nf rnfrQ
xda&mufonfudk rprf;oyf&ao;yg/
tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkufrsm;rSwpfqifh
pHkprf;MunhfEdkifygw,f/
wpfckawmh &dSygw,f/ uGefysLwm
xJ xnfhMunhf&mrSm if;uwfudk rzwf
awmhbl;qdk&if uwfu ysufaejyDvdkY
,lq&rSmyg/ yHkrsm;udk jyefvnf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m ydkjyD; cufcJygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dvdk
tcsuftvuf jyefazmfxkwfay;EdkifwJh
services vkyfief;rsm; ay:aejyDvdkY od&
ygw,f/
uReaf wmfh memory card rSm
(capacity) enf;enf;yJ &dS w,f vdYk
jyaeygw,f/
if;onf taMumif;t&m ESpfcsuf
aMumif h jzpf w wf y g
w,f / yxrtcsuf
onf rSwfPfxdef;wJh
ypnf;rsm;wGif aMunm
xm;onfxuf tenf;
i,f avsmhMuygw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 512MB
memory card rS m
wu,fo;kH Edik w
f mu 485MB om
jzpfygw,f/ ,ck armif&ifhuwfrSm
wu,fo;kH Edik w
f hJ capacity udk jyaewm

vm;/ aemuf rjrifEdkifatmif hidden

vkyfxm;wJhzdkifawG &dSaeovm;/ uGefysL
wmuwpfqifh &SmMunfhyg/
aemufwpfcsufonf capacity
&dSoavmufudk tcsKdU card reader rsm;
rzwfEdkifjcif;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
2GB xufausmfwJh SD card uwfrsm;
udk tcsKdUaom device rsm;eJY card
reader wdkYu rzwfEdkifMuyg/ ukrPD&JU
xkwv
f yk rf aI Mumifh jzpfygw,f/ odYk jzpf
armif&ifhuwfudk xkwfvkyfwJh ukrPD
odkYr[kwf tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkufrSm
tao;pdwf pHkprf;Munhfyg/

Memory card wGif

ta&;Mu;D
aom zdkif? tcsuftvufrsm;udk
odr;f xm;&onfrmS vHjk cKH pdwcf s&ygovm;/
vHkjcHK pdwfcs&w,fvdkY a,bk,s
tm;jzifh qdkEdkifygw,f/ odrf;qnf;&
vG,u
f jl yD; hard disk drive, CD, DVD
csyf rsm;xufpm&if ysufpD;rIEIef;vnf;
enf;ygw,f/ aemuf tJ'x
D rJ mS vQKdU0Suf
uD;pepfudk xnfhoGif;oHk;Edkifygw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf wpfcsdefrSm toHk;rsm;vm
r,fh ypnf;rsm; jzpfygw,f/
card topf wpfcu
k kd
10 Memory
r0,fcif b,fvdktcsufawGudk

xnho
f iG ;f pOf;pm;oifyh govJ/
Memory card 0,f,l&mrSm (1)
odkavSmifEdkifrI pGrf;&nf (capacity) eJY
(2) tjrefEIef; (speed) wdkYudk tajccH
tcsufrsm;tjzpf pOf;pm;&yg
r,f/ Capacity udk
megabytes
(MB) odkY
r[kwf gigabytes
(GB) eJY jyjyD;
capacity rsm;av

odkavSmifEdkifrI MuD;rm;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
av jzpfygw,f/ tjrefEIef;onf memory card &JU aqmif&GufEdkifcsufjzpfjyD;
jrefEeI ;f jrifah vaumif;av jzpfygw,f/
if;udk Write vkyfw,fvdkYvnf; qdkMu
ygw,f/ uifr&mrsm;rSm jrefEIef;jrifhwJh
uwfrsKd;udk oHk;oifhygw,f/
wpfcsed w
f ek ;f u zvifo;kH uifr&meJY
yHw
k pfykH du
k v
f u
kd w
f mrSm tvif;a&mifu
wpfqifh yH&k yd u
f kd zvifrmS okwv
f rd ;f xm;
wJh "mwfypnf;rsm;udk "mwfjyKjcif;enf;
eJY xifapwmyg/ ,ck 'pf*spfw,f enf;
ynmrSm yH&k yd u
f kd tDvufx&Geef pfenf;eJY
memory card rSm pixels rsm;tjzpf
ajymif;ay;vdu
k w
f myg/ 'Dvkd pixels rsm;
tjzpf write vkyfwJhEIef;u aES;ae&if
rvdt
k yfwhJ yHyk sufjcif; ponfwYkd jzpfay:
apEdkifygw,f/ Memory card rsm;rSm
tjrefEIef;ukd X (rating) eJY jyay;wwf
Muygw,f/

11

X - Speed Performance

qdkwm bmvJ/
rsm;rSm X-speed
qdkwm aqmif&Gufcsuf &dSygw,f/ if;
onf tcsut
f vufrsm;udk wpfpueYfrmS
mega bytes b,favmufeJY o,fydkYay;
Edkifw,f odkYr[kwf uwfrSm tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk a&;Edkifw,f qdkwmyg/
Write speed vdYk vnf; ajymEdi
k yf gw,f/
X = 150 KiloBytes (150 KB/sec) vdYk
yHkaowGufcsufEdkifjyD; if;onf wpf
puefYrSm tcsuftvuf o,fydkYEdkifwJh
EIef;jzpfygw,f/ CD rSmvnf; twlwl
yg/ 50X vdkY a&;xm;&if (50x150=
7,500KB/sec=7.5MB/sec) jzpfyg
w,f/ 1KB=1,000 bytes, 1MB=1
million bytes eJY wGufEdkifygw,f/
Flash cards

12

Memory card twGuf XSpeed Rating onf tjrw

J rf;

ta&;ygaeygovm;/

38

uGefysLwm*sme,f

jrefEIef; jrifhav
aumif;av
qdkayr,fh
tcsKdUaom
taMumif;
t&mrsm;
twGuf
X-speed
rating jrifh

zdYk&m rvdt
k yf
yg/ 50X &dSaom memory card onf
tcsuftvufrsm;udk 7,500KB/sec
EIef;eJY o,fydkY tvkyfvkyfEdkifw,fqdkwm
a&;jyxm;ygjyD/ 'gayr,fh 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mtygt0if qJvfzkef;eJY 'pf*spf
w,f ypnf;rsm;rSm tqdkyg jrefEIef;udk
vufcEH ikd zf Ykdvnf; vdyk gw,f/ Interface
Mum;cHqdkygawmh/ qdkvdkwmu Flash
card onf tjrefEIef;jrifhaejyD; uifr&m
&JU pGrf;aqmifcsufu edrfhae&if if;
Flash card &JU tpGrf;udk tjynfht0
&rSm r[kwfyg/
uifr&m odkYr[kwf 'pf*spfw,f
ypnf; xkwfvkyfol trsm;pku olwdkY&JU
ypn;f awGrmS tjrefEeI ;f b,favmufxd
vufcHedkifw,fqdkwm azmfjyxm;jcif;
r&dSyg/ a,bk,stm;jzifh 5 mega-pixels trsKd;tpm; uifr&monf Flash
card &JU tjrefEIef; 45X odkYr[kwf
if;xufrausmfwJh EIef;udk vufcHEdkif
w,f v d k Y qd k y gw,f / tck a cwf a y:
'pf*spfw,fuifr&m trsm;pkrSm 'Dvdk
jyemrsKd; &dSr,frxifyg/

13

tcktcsed rf mS aps;tjrifq
h ;kH 'pf*spf
w,fuifr&mwpfv;kH wefz;kd onf
b,favmuf &dES ikd yf grnfv/J
'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrsm;udk tjydKif
xkwfvkyfaewmjzpfvdkY aps;EIef;eJY trsKd;
tpm;rsm;onf aeYpOfeJYtrQ ajymif;vJrI
rsm; &daS eygw,f/ ,cktwdtus r[kwf

onfhwdkif aemufqHk;awGU&wJh aps;EIef;

rsm;t& Nikon D3 digital SLR
camera, 12.87 Mpixels, 4,256x2,832,
3-inch LCD onf a':vm 4999.99
jzpfygw,f/ aemuf Nikon D300 u
a':vm 1799.99? Nikon
D80 u a':vm
1726? Pentax K10D u

a':vm
1606? Canon EOS
30D u

a':vm
1536 eJ Y
Olympus Evolt E-510
Digital Camera uifr&monf a':vm

1136 vdkY qdkygw,f/ bmyJ jzpfjzpf

wefz;kd jrifah om 'pf*spw
f ,f uifr&mrsm;
onf a':vm 1500 0ef;usif jzpfw,f
vdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/
uReaf wmf&h UJ vid uifr&mtwGuf
4GB memory card 0,fcyhJ g
w,f/ 'gayr,fh format csvdkY r&jzpfae
ygw,f/ rdwfaqGwpfOD;uawmh uwfu
capacity odyfMuD;aew,fvdkY ajymyg
w,f/ jzpfEikd yf govm;/
jzpfEdkifygw,f/ armif&ifh uifr&m
u SDHC(SD card) secure digital
vdk high capacity twGuq
f kd tqifajy
r,f xifygw,f/ uwfr0,fcif vcam
uifr&mu memory card capacity
b,favmuftxd vufcEH ikd w
f ,fqw
kd m
t&if pHkprf;Munhfyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
Sony vcam model twGuf http://
esupport.sony.com/ 0ufbfqdkufrSm
0ifMunhfEdkifygw,f/ uifr&m manual
pmtkyfrSm oufqdkif&m 0ufbfqdkuf
vdyfpmawG ygwwfygw,f/

14

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
uReaf wmfrh mS Nikon coolpix l6
digital uifr&m &dyS g w,f/ 'gay
r,fh memory card u usKd;ysufoGm;
ygw,f/ tJ'g b,fvkd uwfrsK;d udk jyef0,fjy;D
oH;k Edik yf gv/J 'pf*spw
f ,fuifr&mrsm;rSm memory card onf twlwlvm;qdkwm
odvdkygw,f/
if; uifr&mrSm oHk;wm SD card
jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ aemuf tpm;xdk;zdkY&m
Lexar SanDisk udk oHk;Munhfyg/
'pf*spfw,fuifr&m trsm;pkrSm
ukrP
u
D owfrw
S af y;xm;wJh memo-

15

trsKd;tpm;rsm;udkom oHk;Edkif
Muygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Sony onf
memory sticks udk oHk;jyD; Samsung
onf SD card udk oHk;wwfw,f qdkyg
awmh/ if;twGuf manual book rSm
&SmzwfMunhfyg/ odkYr[kwf 0,fvmwJh
qdkif odkYr[kwf ukrPDudk ar;Munfhoifh
ygw,f/ taumif;qHk;u uifr&mudk
udk,fwdkif,loGm;jyD; uifr&mqdkif odkY
r[kwf memory card a&mif;wJhqdkifrSm
jyjyD; aocsmpGm ar;jref;jyD;rS 0,fygvdkY
tMuHay;vdkufygw,f/
ry card

16

Pixels taMumif;udk zwfvu

kd &f

ygw,f/ wjcm; b,fae&mrsKd;rSm

pixels qdw
k mudk odEikd yf govJ/
Pixel qdo
k nfukd em;vnfzYkd&m wDADG

40

uGefysLwm*sme,f

zefom;jyifudk aoaocsmcsm
teD ; uyf M unh f y g/ if ; wG i f
t0dkif;vdkvdk? av;axmifhvdkvdk
tpufao;ao;av;awGeJY jynfh
aeatmif vk y f x m;wmud k
jrif&ygr,f/ if;onf pixels
rsm;yif jzpfygw,f/ xdkYtwl
uGeyf sLwm armfew
D m zefom;jyif
odkYr[kwf laptop display udk
Munhyf g/ Laptop rSmawmh LCD
jzpfvdkY ydkjyD;ao;i,fjyD; El;nhH
wJhtwGuf MunfhvdkY jrif&r,f rxifyg/
qdkvdkwmu if;wdkYonf pixel rsm;
jzpfygw,f/ Dots vdkY
a&; Mu yg w,f/ if;
ta&mif pixels rsm;
onf ydwfvdkuf? zGifh
vdu
k ?f aysmufvu
kd ?f ay:
vdkufeJY tkyfrsm;&JU
o@mefukd uk,
d pf m;jyK
azmfaqmifay;Muwmyg/
jrefvGef;tm;MuD;vdkY pixel
rsm; qdkwmudk rod&wmyg/
uwfawGrmS tcsut
f vufrsm;
udk odkavSmifodrf;qnf;&m uGef
ysLwmpepfu okneJY wpfawGtjzpf ajymif;
vdkufw,fqdkwm oabmraygufyg/
twwfEikd q
f ;kH em;vnfatmif &Si;f jyay;yg/
wu,fawmh okn (0) eJY wpf
(1) qd k w J h ud e f ; awG u d k qd k v d k w m
r[kwyf g/ rsupf ed YJ b,fvrkd S rjrifEikd w
f hJ
uGefysLwmenf;ynm tvkyfvkyfyHkudk
Oyrmay;&cuf v d k Y tqif t ajyqH k ;
EdiI ;f jywmyg/ tMurf;zsif;a&;&&if okn
onf tDvufx&Gepf ;D aMumif; ydwjf cif;eJY
wpfonf tDvufx&GefpD;aMumif; yGifh
jcif; qdyk gawmh/ Memory card awGrmS
x&efppwmESpfcktMum; tvGef yg;vTm
wJh atmufqD'dkuftvTmwpfckudk cHxm;
ygw,f/ x&efppwmwpfvHk;u float-

17

ing gate qdk&if aemufwpfvHk;u control gate vdkY oabmxm;vdkufyg/

tvkyfvkyfvdkufvdkY vQyfpD;aMumif; odkY

r[kwf tDvufx&Gef pD;0ifwJhtcg
control gate udk jzwfoef;pD;0if&if
wefzdk;wpf (1) vdkY Oyrmay;vdkufyg
w,f/ tJ'Dvdk pD;0ifjcif; r&dSbJ ground
jzpfoGm;wmudk okn (0) vdkY wifpm;
owfrSwfygw,f/ 'Dvdkenf;eJY tDvuf
x&Gefrsm; pD;0ifvdkuf? r0ifvdkuf odkY
r[kwf wpfjzpfvdkuf? oknjzpfvdkufeJY
tBudrf oef;aygif;rsm;pGm jyKvkyjf cif;jzifh
tcsut
f vufrsm;udk memory card rSm
xif[yfapjcif;jzpfygw,f/
a&;vufpeJY a&;&&if uGefysLwm
[mh'f'pfrSm vQyfppf oHvdkufvdIif; enf;
ynmeJY tvkyf vkyyf gw,f/ oHvu
dk &f nf
ygwJh [mh''f pfrsufEmS jyifay:udk oHvu
kd f
acgif;uwpfqifh vQyfppfoHvdkufvdIif;
tcsufjyrsm;udk ydkYvdkuf? rydkYvdkufeJY
tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;tvkyf
vkyfwmyg/ CD/DVD csyfrsm;rSmawmh
avqma&mifjcnfeJY xdk;jyD; a&mifjyef
[yfjcif; oabmw&m;eJY tvkyv
f yk w
f m
yg/ ajymifvufaewJh tcsyfjym;udk
avqma&mifjcnfu xdk;vdkufwJhtcg
ajymifwif;aewJh ae&mudk xdk;rd&if
a&mifjyef[yfjyD; tmHkcHpepf detector
udk jyef0ifygw,f/ csKdifhxJudk xkd;rd&if
a&mifjyef r[yfEdkifyg/ if;wdkYudkvnf;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
wpf (1) eJY okn (0) rsm;tjzpf Oyrm
ay; a&;om;Muygw,f/ aemif 'Dxuf
&Si;f atmif a&;jyEdik &f ef MudK;pm;ygOD;r,f/
Memory card wpfcu
k kd trsK;d
18 tpm;rwl
wJh uifr&mESpfvHk;rSm

oHk;Edkifygovm;/ uRefawmfhrSm Canon

Powers-hot A530 uifr&meJY tjcm;
wpfvHk;udkawmh trsKd;tpm; rrSwfrdyg/
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a,bk,stm;jzifhawmh memory
card u t&G,t
f pm; wlae&if oH;k Edik yf g
w,f/ tJ'g memory size udk ajymwm
r[kwfyg/ Physical size udk qdkvdkwm
yg/ uifr&mawG memory vufcHEIef;
odyfruGm&ifvnf; oHk;Edkifyg
w,f/ Oyrm wpfvHk;u
yHk 300 udk vufcEH ikd f
wJh memory &dSjyD;
aemufwpfvHk;
u 325 yHk
udk vufcH

Edik w
f ,f
qdkygawmh/ 'gayr,fh memory card
trsKd;tpm; rwl&if odYk r[kwf memory
card &JU capacity udk vufcHEdkifyHkjcif;
rwl&if oHk;vdkY&rSm r[kwfyg/ bmyJjzpf
jzpf uifr&m&JU card slot xJudk tqif
ajyajy xnfhEdkif&if oHk;vdkY&w,fvdkY
,lqEdkifygw,f/
card awG taMumif;
19 Memory
a&;xm;wm trsKd;tpm; 20

avmuf awG&U ygw,f/ rSw&f cufvYkd t"du

ta&;MuD;wJh memory card awGudk
azmfjyay;yg/
rS e f y gw,f / uk r P D r sm;pG m u
tjydKifxkwfvkyfMuvdkY trsKd;tpm;vnf;
rsm;Muygw,f/ odYkjzpf memory card
taMumif; a&;&mrSmvnf; reference
awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk arTaESmuf
&Sm&ygw,f/ tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh vlod
trsm;qHk; trsKd;tpm;rsm;rSm Secure
Digital (SD), Compact Flash,
Memory Stick eJY xD vdYk rSwx
f m;&if

vHkavmufygjyD/
Secure Digital odYk r[kwf SD u

ay:jyLvm tjzpfqHk;vdkY qdkygw,f/

t&G,ftpm;i,fayr,fh capacity jrifhjyD; pGrf;aqmif
Edkifcsuf aumif;rGefygw,f/
Multi Media Card
(MMC) uwfrsm;udkvnf;
if; SD uwftpm; oHk;Edkif

ygw,f/ t&G,ftpm;twlwl
jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tcsKdUaom
uif r &meJ Y rD ' D , myp n f ; awG r S m
tenf;i,f vGw
J wfygw,f/ Mini SD
u SD xuf ydkao;ygw,f/ 'pf*spf
w,f uifr&mrsm;rSm odyfroHk;Muao;
yg/ Adapter cHjyD; SD uwfawGvdk
oHk;Edkifygw,f/
'kwd, trsKd;tpm;u Compact
Flash odkYr[kwf CF rsm; jzpfygw,f/
Capacity jrifh jyD; yHk t&nf taoG;
aumif;pGm dkuf,lEdkifwJh digital SLR
uifr&mrsm;rSm oHk;Muygw,f/ if;wGif
CompactFlash Type I trsKd;tpm;udk
toHk;rsm;ygw,f/ Adapter cHjyD; SD
uwfrsm;udk tpm;xdk; oHk;Edkifygw,f/
CF Type II u Microdrive vdkY rSwf
xm;Edkifygw,f/ wwd,u Memory
Stick jzpfjyD; oleJYtwlwl Memory
Stick, Memory Stick Duo vd k Y

rSwfxm;Edkifygw,f/ if;wdkYudk qdkeD

(Sony) &JU xkwu
f ek yf pn;f rsm;rSm toH;k
rsm;wmudk owdjyK&ygr,f/ if;wdYk onf
av;axmifyh kH &Snaf rsmarsm'DZikd ;f eJY jzpfyg
w,f/ aemufwpfrsKd;u xD Picture
Cards rsm; jzpfygw,f/ qdkeD ypnf;
toHk;rsm;&ifawmh oHk;&wm rqdk;bl;vdkY
qdkygw,f/
aemufodxm;oifhwJh uwfu xD
Picture Cards jzpfygw,f/ t&G,f
tpm;u awmfawmfi,fvdkY uifr&m
tao;pm;awGrSm toHk;rsm;ygw,f/
txl;ojzifh Fuji eJY Olympus uifr&m
awGrSm toHk;rsm;Muygw,f/
&Sd capacity b,favmuf
20 vuf
txd a&mufaejyv
D J/
rsm; ay:cgpu
tcsuftvuf odkavSmifEdkifrI (capacity) awG 'Davmufjrefjref jzpfvmvdrfh
r,fvdkY rxifcJhyg/ 'gayr,fh 2002
ckESpfrSm capacity 3GB? 2003 ckESpf
6GB? 2004 ckESpfrSm 12GB eJY 2006
ckESpftukefrSmawmh 16GB txd jzpf
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ar? 2008

41

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1. SanDisk SD Card ($14)
2. SanDisk Cruzer Micro 4GB
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3. SanDisk MicroSD Card 2GB
($16)
4. Sony Memory Stick Duo Pro
2GB ($25)
5. Kingston MicroSD Card 2GB
($18)

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2. SanDisk Memory Stick Pro Duo
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22

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44

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ar? 2008

45

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46

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ar? 2008

57

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

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interface card wpfckay:rSm jzpfjzpf
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THE ESSENTIAL PC TOOLKIT

jumper awGudk ta&TUtajymif;

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Antistatic wrist strapCase &JU uk,

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ar? 2008

65

Gateway P-170L QS
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ar? 2008

67

NEW PRODUCTS

Touch-sensitive media
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Ugobe Pleo
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NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

New Products In Yangon

MSI N9600GT GPU
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76

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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78

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
RESIZE YOUR DESKTOP ICONS
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79

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

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size control udkoHk;jyD; icons &JU t&G,f

tpm;udk a&G;,ljyD; OK udEk ydS af y;&w,f/

REMOVE YOUR ICON SHORTCUT
ARROWS

MuD;rm;wJh shortcut arrows u

Vista desktop icons ay:rSm pdwf uod
uatmufjzpfp&m jzpfaecJh&if Vista
Shortcut Overlay Remover udk toH;k
csjyD; z,fxkwfEdkifw,f/ tqdkyg ap-

Improve Explorer's Send To Menu

Windows Explorers twGi;f zkid w
f pfcck k 'grrS [kwf folder wpfck
ckukd right click vkyv
f u
kd w
f t
hJ cg menu wpfck ckex
f Guv
f mjy;D opD xJrmS wpfcjk zpfwJh Send To qdk
tions trsK;d rsK;d udk csay;w,f/ tJ't

&if jyxm;wJh pm&if;yg ae&mXmeawGqDudk zkdifudk ydkYay;w,f/ Oyrm

tm;jzifh ydk*&rfwpfck 'grSr[kwf folder wpfcu
k kd drive wpfcq
k u
D kd
ydYak y;Edik w
f ,f/ 'gayr,fh default eJY xGuf vmwJh ae&mXmepm&if;rSm
rdrday;ydv
Yk kdwJh ae&mrygcJ&h if tJ'aD e&mudak &mufEikd fatmif xyfxnfh
jcif;eJjY zpfjzpf? yd*k &rfeJY jzpfjzpf pDpOf,El ikd fw,f/
WindowsVista rS C:\users\username\AppData\Roaming\
Microsoft\Windows\Send To udk oGm;&r,f/ (user name
qdw
k m rdr&d t
UJ rnf jzpfw,f) XP rSmawmh Send to folder uko
d mG ; Send
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k kd xnfah y;vdYk &Edik w
f ,f/ tJ'rD mS
vnf; C: \Documents and settings/ username/send to udk oGm;&rSm
jzpfw,f/ ESpcf v
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2
80

Send To menu rS item wpfcc

ku
k kd z,fxw
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uGefysLwm*sme,f

eJt
Y wl z,fxw
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h iG ;f ,lwt
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shortcut wpfckeJY xnfh,l&wmjzpfw,f/ File>New>Shortcut udk a&G;,l&w,f/
(Windows Vista rSmawmh files menu ay:vmzdkY Alt udkvnf; ESdyfxm;&ef vdktyf
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k kd zefw;D zdYk xGuaf y:vmwJh Tejf ycsuaf wGtwdik ;f qufvyk o
f mG ;
Ho
k m &Sw
d ,f/ vkyx
f m;wJh setting topfu csucf si;f aqmif&u
G jf y;D jzpfwt
hJ wGuf windows explorer u xGuo
f mG ;zdYk rvdt
k yfawmhay/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
plication udk vnfywfapjyD; shortcut arrow udk ao;oxuf ao;atmif

'grSr[kwf z,fxkwfypfEkdifzkdY vkyfEkdif

w,f/ yxrawmh shortcut arrow udk
jrifae&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ aemufawmh
Windows vista shortcut remover

u z,fxkwfypfvdkufvdrhfr,f/
Vista Shortcut Overlay Re
mover u Windows XP eJ Y awmh
tvkyv
f yk rf mS rygbl;/ XP toH;k jyKrIawG
taeeJY Microsoft &JU tcrJh&EdkifwJh
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w,f/
Tweak UI udk vnfywfapjyD; Explorer Shortcut udk a&G;um "Light
arrow" 'grSr[kwf "None" udk a&G;,l&
w,f/ "None" uawmh vHk;0z,fxkwf
ypfrmS jzpfw,f/ xda&mufrI &Sad pzdYk Log
off eJY log on udk xyfvkyfay;&w,f/

U NCLUTTER XP' S C ONTROL

PANEL
Windows XP &JU Control Panel

u odyfdk;pif;wJhyHkpHawmh r[kwfay/
Applets awmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJY Iyy
f aG ewJh
yHkpHrsKd;jzpfw,f/ 'gudk jyKjyifvkdY &yg
w,f/ Applets awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk
jrifuiG ;f u azsmufxm;Edik w
f hJ oabmvdYk
qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/
Command prompt jzpf j zpf ?
Start Search rSmyJjzpfjzpf regedit vdkY
du
k o
f iG ;f vdu
k jf yD; Registry Edition udk
zrf;wifjyD; applets awGudk zHk;uG,fay;
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w,f/ Mouse icon udk zH;k uG,x
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jzpfaeap&ygr,f/ string value wpfck
udk zefwD;zdkY cursor udk Hkey-Local-

chine\Software\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Control panel\
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tu,f 'don't load' key vuf&dS
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&if; zefwD;,lEdkifygw,f/ Key taeeJY
trnfudk oG,f0dkuf Tef;qdkjyD; control panel twGuf applet icons awGukd

Command line u tqdkyg appawGudk qufjyD; run aeygapvdrhf

r,f/ (XP &JU Control Panel windows
av;&JU b,fbufjcrf;ay:u Task lists
vd k ae&mrsKd ; awG r S m azmf j yvsuf
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twGif;rSmawmh tJ'D icons awGukd rjrif
&awmhr,fh taetxm;jzpfw,f/
zHk;xm;vdkYr&wJh Control Panel
applet awGudk awGU&if underlying eJY
jyxm;wm y&rf;ywmawGU&rSmjzpfw,f/
Applets awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;u .cpl

qHk;jzwfjyD; wif,lapygvdrhfr,f/
zHk;uG,fxm;r,fh applet twGuf
string value topfwpfcu
k kd zefw;D ,l&

Machine\Software\Microsoft\Win
dows\CurrentVersion\Control
Panel\don't load ay:rSm csxm;ay;&
w,f/ tJ'aD emuf Edit>New>Staring
value qD u d k o G m ;jyD ; value twGuf
rdrzd ;kH uG,x
f m;vdw
k hJ filename udk ay;&

rSm jzpfw,f/
let

oD;jcm; dialog box 'grrS [kwf pm&if;wpfcrk S Munhjf rifvw

kd Jh
applets awGukd a&G;yg/ >>

<< Windows XP u control panel &JU

jrifuGi;f udk ig;rdepf twGi;f jyKjyif,El ikd w

f ,f/

ar? 2008

81

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
a menu" qdkwJhpmwef;udk click vkyfjyD;
&if OK udk ESpfcgESdyfay;vdkuf&ygr,f/

ANIMATE VISTA'S NETWORK ICON

nmbuftay:- Windows XP &JU network connection udk EI;d aqmf a&;yHpk rH sK;d
twkvyk zf Ykd Tweak Vista udk oH;k Edik w
f ,f/
nmbuf- Windows XP u jrifawGEU ikd w
f hJ EI;d aqmfrw
I pfcf u
k kd web connection eJY
application csw
d rf o
d mG ;wJt
h cg azmfjyay; w,f/
jzpfaeayr,fh wcsKdUu folder
twGuf link vkyfjyD; jzpfaevdrhfr,f/
'grSr[kwf .dll files awGeJY xdef;csKyf
xm;vdYk jzpfr,f/ rdrw
d YkdtaeeJY .cpl files
awGudkyJ zHk;uG,fxm;vdkY&rSm jzpfw,f/
zHk;uG,fvdkwJh applet wpfckcsif;
twGuf oD;jcm; string value udk zef
wD;jyD; Registry u xGuf&r,f/ Hidden applet wpfck xyfay:vmzdkY Registry key wpfae&mwnf;uyJ string
value udk delete vkyf,lEdkifygw,f/
fuiles

CASCADING CONTROL PANEL

Applets rsm;ud k tvsif t jref
0ifa&mufEdkifzdkYtwGuf Control Panel
udk cascading menu yHkpHudk ajymif;
,lMuw,f/ zH;k uG,x
f m;wJh applet wpf
ckudk vnfywf vkyfudkifapzdkY Run box
rS jzpfjzpf? Command line rSm jzpfjzpf
tqdkyg applet &JU trnfudk dkufoGif;
ay;&w,f/
Control Panel udk toHk;rjyKbJ

82

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ausmfcGvkyfudkifvdk&if rdrdtaeeJY Start

wGif;&Sd control panel a&G;wJhtcg cascading menu wpfcktwGif; &SdaewJh
Control Panel applet awGudk cif;jyzdkY
MudK;pm; wGef;tm;ay;Edkifw,f/
Windows XP rSm 'DvdkyHkpH vkyf
,lzdkYtwGuf taskbar ay:rSm right_
click vkyfjyD; Properties udk oGm;&yg
vdrhfr,f/ Start menu twGuf start
menu button udk a&G;jyD; customize
ukd click vky,
f yl g/ aemufjyD; advanced tab udk ESdyfyg/ Control Panel
acgif;pD;&JU atmufrS "Display as a
menu" qdkwJh pmwef;udk click vkyfjyD;
OK udk ESpfMudrfay;vdkuf&w,f/
Windows Vista rS m &S d a ewJ h
twdik ;f wpfxyfwnf; wlnpD mG vkyu
f ikd f
vdkYvnf; &w,f/ Taskbar ay: right_
click vkyf Properties udka&G;? start
menu udk oGm;jyD;&if customize cvkwf
udk click vkyf control panel acgif;pD;udk
scroll down vkyf,ljyD; "Display as

Vista eJY vnfywfxm;wJh yDpDwpf

vHk;ay:rSm tifwmeufu jzpfjzpf? network ay:ujzpfjzpf data udk ay;ydkYwm
wdYk ? vufcw
H mwdYk vyk w
f mudk jrifawGUEdik f
apzdkY tjrefqHk;enf;vrf; &Sdygw,f/
System tray twGif;&SdaewJh network
icon udk animate vkyaf y;wmjzpfw,f/
Icon ud k right_click vk y f j yD ;
"Turn on activity animation" udk a&G;
cs,f,l&r,f/ b,ftcsdefrqdk data udk
vufcHaewJhtcg? ay;ydkYaewJhtcg icon
u rodrom Tef;qdk azmfjyay;ygvdrhf
r,f/ Animation udk ydwfzdkYuawmh
icon vdk right_click vkyfjyD; "Turn
off activity animation" udk a&G;ay;
vdkufHkyJ jzpfw,f/

CHANGE YOUR WINDOWS BOOT

SCREEN

aeYpOfaeYwdkif; Windows logo

ta[mif;MuD;udkyJ MunfhjrifjyD; Windows udk pwifzGihf,l&wm jiD;aiGUvm
w,fqdk&if rdrdtaeeJY logo udk tvG,f
wul yHkpHajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/
24 bit bmp *&yfzpfwpfckudk rdrd
boot screen twGuf &SmazG zefw;D ,lEi
kd f
w,f/ 1024 x 768 t&G,t
f pm;wpfrsKd;
eJY 800 x 600 wpfrsKd; version ESpfrsKd;eJY
vkyfxm;zdkY vdkw,f/
udk,fwdkif rzefwD;,lEdkifbl;qdk&if
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rSm *&yfzpf&JU t&G,ftpm;udkyg azmfjy
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qdkwJh pum;vHk;udkazmfjyjyD; &SmazG&if ydk
vG,fulygvdrhfr,f/
Jpeg eJY &&Sdvm&ifvnf; pdwfysuf

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Right- Click To Open a Command Prompt
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ief; wpfcck u
k kd jy;D ajrmufatmifjrifapzdt
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u t&ma&mufwJh tool jzpfaew,f/ rMumcPqdkovdk Windows
Explorer eJYtwl aygif;jyD; toHk;cs,lMuavh &Sdw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk
awmh Explorer twGif; vuf&Sdae&mcsxm;jyD;jzpfwJh folder rS command prompt udk zGihf,lcsifvdkYyJjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh vuf&Sd folder
ay:rmS command prompt wpfczk Giafh yr,fh context menu udk rightf l&wJh option wpfcu
k kd aygi;f xnfzh Yakd wmh tqif ajyaprSm
click vky,
r[kwfay? Oyrmtm;jzifh rdrdtaeeJY C:\My stuff folder udk rightf v
l &Ydk &dS if C:\ My Stuff ukd wku
d f u
dk q
f o
dk vkd command
click vky,
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1 Vista rSmawmh vkyfzdkYvG,fygw,f/ Shift udk ESdyfxm;jyD; folder wpfck&JU 0if;'dk;av; twGif; Right_Click
vkyv
f u
kd w
f t
hJ cg option topfwpfck context menu ay:rmS ay:vmw,f/ "Open Command Window Here"
udk a&G;cs,v
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kd f wmeJU oihw
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h Gi;f Edik w
f ,f/ Start
2 XP wGirf l option awG ay:xu
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f Gi;f &if; Registry Editor udk ac:,v
l u
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4 wpfcg "Command" vdkYac:wJh Command Prompt key &JU atmufrSm&SdwJh

subkey wpfckudk zefwD;&jyefyg w,f/ default value udk "Cmd.exe/k

pushd%" jzpfaeap&ygr,f/

Registry u xGuv
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kd &f ygr,f/ Menu option opfu kww
f &uf ay:xu
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f t
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p&m r&Sdyg/ qufoHk;vdkY &ygw,f/ bm

jzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh Internet Explorer
(IE) u bmp eJY save vky,
f El ikd v
f Ykd ygyJ/
IE udk right_click vkyfvdkufjyD; "Save
Picture As" udk a&G;jyD; "Save As
Type" qd k w J h drop-down menu
twGif;rSm Bitmap (*bmp) a&G;jyD;
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tcsdef oufomapcsifw,fqdk&if
awmh 1024 x 768 pixel wpfrsK;d udk t&if

&SmjyD; 800 x 600 twGuf t&G,ftpm;

ajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/ 'DtwGuf Irfan

View (www.irfanview.com) udk tcrJh

&,lxm;&ygvdrhfr,f/

Boot Screen topf- Vista Boot Logo

Grenenator u pueyYf ikd ;f twGi;f bootscreen image udk ajymif;ay;ygvrd rfh ,f/ >>

ar? 2008

83

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Vista Boot Logo Generator
(tinyurl.com/yotb5e) udk download
vkyf,ljyD; install vkyfum run ,l&yg
r,f/ *&yfzpf a&G;cs,f&eftwGuf Browse for image udk click vkyfvdkufyg/
File udak &G;jyD; Save Boot Screen
As eJU odrf;,lyg/ rdrd hard disk xJrSm

b,faeYjzpfjzpf &Sad e&if tvkyv

f yk af y;rSm
jzpfw,f/ yd*k &rfuawmh winload.exe.
mui qdw
k hJ zdik w
f pfcw
k nf;taeeJYyJ odr;f
ay;xm;rSm jzpfw,f/
odrf;xm;wJhzdkifudk C:\Windows\
System32\enUS qDudk ul;xnfhyg/
tqdkyg folder onf tjrJwrf; windows .exe.mui trnfeYJ &Sad ejyD; jzpfae
apygw,f/
Search box rSmjzpfjzpf command
prompt rSm jzpfjzpf "msconfig" udk
dkufxnfhjyD; Enter ESdyf&if; MSConfig
utility udk vnfywfapEdkifygjyD/ Boot

tab udk ESdyfum "No GUI boot" udk

a&G;jyD; OK udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&r,f/ rdrd
xnfhxm;wJh boot screen topfudk
umvmpHek YJ vSvyS y jrifEikd zf Ykd Windows
MuD;udk Restart vkyf&ygvdrhfr,f/
rSwfom;xm;&rSmuawmh rdrd&JU

configuration jyKvkyfyHk tajctaeudk

rlwnfjyD; vista taeeJY winload.exe.
.mui file udk overwrite vky,
f zl Ykd cGijfh yK

rSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'DvdkjzpfvmcJh&if

xyfqifv
h yk &f r,fh vkyif ef;pOfawG ydv
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tay:^b,f-Windows XP eJt
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images awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk boot skin u cGijfh yKay;xm;w,f/
atmufbuf- twdtusTef;qdkxm;wJh files types 'grSr[kwf
folders udk &SmzdYk Start Search menu udk customize vkyjf cif;jzifh
vista &JU search speed udk jri w
fh if,El ikd af pw,f/

84

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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f iG ;f
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kd f
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r,f/ jyD;&if takeown/f C:\windows\
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C:\Windows\System 32\enUS\Winload.exe.mui &JU ydi
kq
f ikd rf t
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r,f/ Cacls C:\Windows\System
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udk command prompt rSm dkufoGif;jyD;
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jzpfw,f/)
qufvkyf rvkyf ar;vmwJhtcg
"Y" key ukdESdyfjyD; Enter udk ESy
d af y;&yg

r,f/ tJ'Daemuf "Processed file:

C:\Windows\System32\en-US\
winload.exe.mui qdkwJh message udk

jrifawGU&ygvdrhfr,f/
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copy vkyfjyD; C:\Window\System
32\en-US udk ydkrdk c&D;a&mufatmif
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Teach XP & Vista To network nicely

Peer-to-peer network twlwlay:rSm Windows XP eJU Windows
vista yDpDawGudk aygif;,lvdkufwJhtcg Hk;vkyfief; tao;pm;jzpfjzpf? tdrf

wGi;f vkyif ef;jzpfjzpf &Sad e&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'DtcgrmS jyemt&yf&yfukd zdwf

ac: ovdk jzpfEdkifw,f/ Vista yDpDtwGuf XP yDpDawGudk &SmazGzdkY cufcJ
ovdk tjyeftvSef csw
d q
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f ufay;cJh
Vista Network Map (Microsoft Windows twGi;f rdwq
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jyKjyif,ljcif;
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h myJ jzpfw,f/ XP rSm network twGuf default
name ajymif;vJxm;cJw
name u 'MS Home jzpfjy;D vista rSm "Workgroup" jzpfaew,f/
Ykd G,yf gw,f/ rdr&d JU vista network eJY udu
k n
f zD Ykd windows XP xJu workgroup name udk
1 jyKjyifvv
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2 Windows Vista twGi;f u default workgroup trnfukd oH;k xm;cJ&h if d;k d;k yJ tJ't
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d jf y;D wJt
h cg rdrt
d aeeJU workgroup name ajymif;vJxm;jy;D jzpfaMumif; twnfjyKay;wJh dialog
box xGuv
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k jf y;D uGeyf sLwmudk restart vkycf ikd ;f vdu
k &f rSm

jzpfw,f/

Vista twGi;f rdr&

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D rnfuv
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ESyd v
f u
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5 Windows XP eJY vkyu
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scroll vkyfjyD; preview udk click vkyf

Third Party app udk tultnD

,ljyD; Windows XP toHk;jyKolawG
taeeJU boot screen udk aumif;aumif;
ajymif;,lEdkifygw,f/ tcrJh&wJh Boot
Skin ydk*&rfudk download vkyf,ljyD;
install vkyu
f m vnfywf toH;k jyKEdik rf mS
jzpfw,f/ (stardock.com u &Edkif
w,f) b,fvdk boots screen udk rqdk

&if; tMuD;pm;yHkpH yHk&dyfeJY MunfhI ppf

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Vista network

Before
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vkyfjyD; Win Customize Boot Skins
Gallery udk jyefTef;,lEdkifw,f/ Boot
Skin aygif;axmifaomif;ru&Sad ew,f/
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SPEED UP VISTA SEARCH
Windows Vista

&JU search u

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XP eJY Vista ESpcf v

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w,f/ Vista u Link Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)
vdkY ac:wJh protocol topfwpfckudk toHk;jyKw,f/ LLTD qdkwm
vista yDpDwdkif;rSm &Sdaevdrfhr,f/ if;u netwrok map ay:rSm
taotcsm jyay;aeygvdhrfr,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf Windows XP
xJrSmawmh LLTD udk wnfaqmufxm;rSm r[kwfygbl;/
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(tinyurl.com/2b3lkn) udk download vkyfjyD; install vkyf,jl yD;
ajz&Sif;,lEdkifw,f/ tJ'D ydk*&rfav;u rdrd&JU XP yDpDudk network
map jyay;Edik zf Ykd pDpOfay;Edik fygvrd fhr,f/

ar? 2008

87

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Tweak Vista For Peak Performance
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f jl cif;eJU pwif&yg w,f/ Analogue em&DeUJ

1 Side bar udk wpfyikd ;f wpfppD jzKw,
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om vdkvm;w,fqdk&if Search Communication eJU search favourites

and history wdkYudk z,fxkwfjyD; Don't

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untick vkyfypf&rSm jzpfw,f/
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awGt& rawmfwq Caps Lock key
av;udk xdrv
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txuf^b,f-Microsoft &JU user

account graphics awGeJY uyfr,lyg/

udk a&G;,l&r,f/ jyD;&if "Change how

your keyboards work" udk a&G;cs,f
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r,fhtaMumif; jyojyD; Save udk ESdyfay;
vdkuf&rSm jzpfw,f/
USE YOUR OWN

USER ACCOUNT

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rdrd&JU user account kyfyHkav;awG

udk rubber ducky wdkY? snowflake wdkY?
goldfish wdkY? jrif;wpfpHkwdkYeJY jyo,lvdk
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jzpfjzpf? prg jzpfjzpf? bmp jzpfjzpf
b,fvdk format eJYrqdk rdrdtvdk&SdwJh
kyfyHktwGuf toHk;csEdkifcGihf &Sdw,f/
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Panel udkoGm; User Account and
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preset options awGeJY wifjyxm;wJh
screen wpfckudk awGU&rSmjzpfw,f/
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pictures udk click vkyf,l&r,f/ jyD;&if
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vdkufHkyJ jzpfw,f/
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Panel udkoGm; User Account a&G;,l
&ygr,f/ rdrd ajymif;vJwifqifvw
kd hJ account ay:rSm click vkyf,ljyD; Change
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h Ykd Browse
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k u
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tjrefqHk; enf;vrf;eJY &,lzdkYu
awmh XP Jjzpfjzpf? Vista jzpfjzpf rdrd&JU
account picture ay:udk click vkyf,l
vdkufwmeJU rdrd user account ajymif;
zdkYtwGuf screen ay:xGufvmaprSm
jzpfygw,f/
Ref: PC Advisor Feb 2008

ar? 2008

89

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2008 ckESpf jrefrmtkdifpDwD jyyGJ

rwfv 23 &ufaeYuae 25 &uf
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jycef;jyoolawGuvnf; y&dowf pdwf

ar? 2008

91

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Flash CS3 Professional

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pufEkd; vnfywf&ef vkdtyfaom TefMum;csufrsm;ukd uGefysL
wmu tvkdtavsmuf zwfIoGm;onf/
Warm boot (reboot) onf cold boot ESifh jcm;em;
onf/ Warm boot vkyo
f nft
h cgwGif (CtrlAltDel cvkwf
rsm;udk ESdyf&onf/) avmavmq,f vnfywfaeNyDjzpfonfh
uGeyf sLwmudk boot vkyjf cif; jzpfonf/ Warm boot vkyo
f nfh
tcg uGefysLwmonf ,if;\tmHkrsm;udk &Sif;vif; z,f&Sm;
ypfNyD; track ay: jyefa&muf&ef vkt
d yfonf
h eT Mf um;csurf sm;udk
jyefzwfonf/ Cold boot vkyfonfhtcg uGefysLwmqDokdY
"mwftm;zGifhay;&ef vdktyfonf/
colon:. (1) DOS wGif drive letter \ aemuf xnfhoHk;
onf/
Oyrm drive C udk C:
drive A udk A:
(2) C programing wGif ] :}udk structure template declaring
tjzpf oHk;onf/

pm&if;Z,m;ydk*&rfwGif pm&if;Z,m;wpfckpDudk
tu&mpOf xkd;xm;onfh pmwkdifESifh eHygwfpOfxkd;xm;onfh
pmwef;rsm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;xm;onf/ (txufatmuf oGm;aom)
pmwkdifrsm;ESifh (ab;wkdufoGm;aom) pmwef;rsm;onf tcsif;
csif; awGUqHk jzwfoef;NyD; tuGuf cell rsm; jzpfvmMuonf/
,if;tuGuu
f av;rsm;rSm pm&if;Z,m;\ tajccHtuGurf sm;
yif jzpfonf/
uGeyf sLwmpmpDpmdu
k yf d*k &rfwiG f column rsm;onf text
\ tuGufusOf;usOf;rsm;udk &nfTef;onf/ pmpDpmdkuf
ydk*&rftrsm;pkonf rsOf;NydKifpmwkdif (parallel column) ESifh
owif;pm pmwkdif (newspaper column) wdkYudk odompGm
cGJjcm;xm;onf/ owif;pm pmwkdifonf pmwkdifwpfck\
atmufq;kH rSae aemufpmwkid o
f Ykd jyefwufomG ;onf/ rsO;f NydKif
pmwkdifrsm;url pmwkdifwpfckxJu text udk tjcm;pmwkdifxJrS
,if;ESifh oufqkdifonfh text rsm;ESifh wpfwef;wnf;jzpfatmif
csdefay;onf/
column.

column chart. wefzkd;rsm;udk axmifvdkuf bar

azmfjyyHEk ydS o
f nfh bar chart wpfrsK;d jzpfonf/

rsm;tjzpf

color graphics adapter. CGA udk Munfy

h g/
color monitor. ta&mifrsm; azmfjyEki
d af om yHak zmfzefom;jyif
wpfck jzpfonf/ Monochrome monitor ESifh jcm;em;onf/
Monochrome monitor onf ta&mifESpfrsKd;om azmfjyEkdif

onf/ trnf;ay:wGif tjzLa&mif? trnf;ay:wGif tpdrf;

a&mif odkYr[kwf trnf;ay:wGif y,if;a&mifom ay:apEkdif
onf/

124

uGefysLwm*sme,f

COM. (1) qufoG,fa&;twGuf logical device emrnf

jzpfonf/ COM1, COM 2,COM 3 ESifh COM 4 [k trnf
ay;xm;onfh wef;quf qufo,
G af &; port av;cktxd MSDOS vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yfu t&efxm;&Sdonfh emrnfwpfck
jzpfonf/ (aemufqHk;ESpfckonf MS DOS version 3.3 ESifh
aemufydkif; version rsm;wGifom yg&Sdonf/) odkYjzpf rkd'rf
wpfckudk wef;quf port wpfckwGif qufoG,fNyD; wef;quf
y&ifwmwpfckudk tjcm; port wpfckwGif qufoG,fonhftcg
,if; device rsm;udk vkyfaqmifrIpepfu COM 1 ESifh COM
2 tjzpf trSwftom;jyKonf/
(2) COM onf wpfckwnf;aom 64 kilobyte (KB)
segment tjzpf tuefYtowfjyKxm;onfh? execute vkyfEkdif
onfh binary (program) file wpfrsKd;twGuf MSDOS u

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
t&efxm;&Sdonfh extension udkvnf; &nfTef;onf/ COM
zkdifrsm;ukd rMumcP qkdovkd utility ydk*&rfrsm;ESifh short
routine rsm;twGuf toHk;jyKonf/
command.com. DOS wG i f command.com onf
uGeyf sLwmtm; boot vky&f ef wifay;&rnfh zkid w
f pfcjk zpfonf/
,if;onf zefom;jyif prompt rsm;ukd azmfjyay;onf/
rdrddkufESdyfonfh command rsm;udk t"dym,fazmfay;onf/
vkdtyfonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufay;onf/

wpfzufjcrf; odYk r[kwf ESpzf ufv;kH wGif awGU&SEd idk o

f nf/ Command key onf IBM keyboard rsm;ay:wGifcontrol key
\ zef&Sifrsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifonf/ Character key wpfckESifh
twl wJG wpfjydKifwnf; ESdyfonfhtcg menu selection
vkyf&ef odkYr[kwf shortcut wpfcktjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
Shortcut roHk;ygu ,if;zef&Sifrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef cvkwf
uGufrsm;pGm ESdyf&rnf/ odkYr[kwf mouse vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;pGm
jyKvkyf&onf/
command line. pum;vH;k rsm;udk type

pmvHk;udk dkufay;&onf/

du
k Ef ydS
f uGeyf sLwm
udk trdefYay;ckdif;apjcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ DOS
onf command line jzifh trdefYay;ckdif;ap&aom operating
system jzpfonf/ Oyrm zkdifpm&if;udk odvdkygu dir [l
pmvHk;dkufESdyf ckdif;ap&onf/ Directory ajymif;vdkygu CD
[k dkufESdyfckdif;ap&onf/

command driven program. Command rsm;udk aqmif&u

G f

command gateway interface. CGI udk Munfy

h g/

command. uGey
f sLwmtm; rnfoYkdvyk af qmif&ef apcdik ;f onfh
trdefYwpfck jzpfonf/ trdefYay; apckdif;&onfh command
driver ydk*&rfrsm;wGif ydk*&rftm; aqmif&Guf&ef owfrSwf
xm;onfh cvkwfwpfckukd ESdyf&onf odkYr[kwf command

&ef cvkwfESdyfcsufrsm;ukd tvGwfusufrSwfxm;&ef vdktyf

onfh ydk*&rfjzpfonf/ Command driven program rsm;
onf menudriven program rsm;xuf yk
d oif,&l cufaomf
vnf; vkdtyfonfh cvkwfESdyfcsufrsm;udk tvGwf usufrSwfrd
onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf command rsm;udk ydk vsifjrefpGm
xnfhoGif;ay;vmEkdifonf/ odkYaomfvnf; menu-driven
program topf trsm;pkonf omrefvkyfief;rsm;twGuf
jzwfvrf;u aqmif&u
G Ef idk rf nfh cvkwrf sm;xnfah y;xm;onf/
command key. rl&if; Apple Macintosh cvkwfcHkay:wGif
txl;oauFwyg&Sdonfh cvkwfwpfck jzpfonf/ Propeller
odkYr[kwf puppy foot [kvnf; ac:avh&Sdonf/ ykd qef;
opfonfh Apple ADB ESifh Extended keyboard rsm;wGif
toHk;jyKonfh Apply key onf apmapmykdif; Apple II keyboard version tay:rlwnf key udk space bar \

common object request broker architecture. CORBA

udk Munfhyg/
communication program. (Modem uJhodkY vdktyfonfh
hardware wyfqifxm;aom) uGey
f sLwmwpfv;kH tm; w,fvD

zkef;rS wpfqifh tjcm;uGefysLwmrsm;jzifh qufoG,fapEkdifaom

ydk*&rfwpfck jzpfonf/ Modem trsm;pkonf modem udk
toHk;jyK&ef vdktyfonfh qufoG,fa&;aqmhzf0Jrsm; twl
ygvmwwfonf/ tu,f ,if; modem wGif aqmhzf0J
ygrvmygu oD;jcm; qufoG,fa&; ykd*&rfwpfckudk 0,f,l&
rnf/ qufoG,fa&; ydk*&rftrsm;pkonf rdrd rMumcP
zkef;ac:wwfonfh zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk odrf;qnf;ay;EkdifNyD; rdrd
twGuf ,if;zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk tvdktavsmuf vSnhfac:ay;
Ekdifonf/ acwfrDqufoG,fa&;ydk*&rfrsm;onf nbufwGif
tjcm;uGefysLwmrsm;tm; zkef;ac:ay;Ekdifaponfh zkdifrsm;udk
xnfah y;xm;Ekid o
f nf/ ,if;zkid u
f vkt
d yfonfh vkyif ef;rsm;udk
tvdktavsmuf aqmif&Gufay;NyD; vkyfief; NyD;qHk;onfhtcg
zkef;tquftoG,fudk tvdktavsmuf &yfweYfapygonf/
communication protocol. uGefysLwmESpfvHk;Mum; tcsuf

tvufrsm; vTJajymif;ay;&mwGif xdef;csKyfay;aom Oya'

pnf;urf;rsm; jzpfonf/ rdrd\uGefysLwmudk tjcm;uGefysLwm
wpfvHk; odkYr[kwf Prodigy uJhodkY on-line service wpfckESifh

ar? 2008 125

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
qufoG,fvdkufygu uGefysLwmESpfvHk;pvHk;onf wlnDaom
qufoG,fa&;taetxm;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKaeaMumif; aocsm
atmifjyKvkyf&onf/ odkYr[kwfygu tcsuftvufrsm;
vJTajymif;aepOf trSm;t,Gif;rsm; jzpfay:vmEkdifonf/
Oyrm modem wpfcku 2400 baud jzifh ajymqkdNyD;
tjcm; modem u 300 baud jzifh em;axmifaeygu tcsuf
tvuftcsKdU aysmufqHk;oGm;zG,f&m&Sdonf/ aqmif&Gufaeus
qufoG,fa&; taetxm;rsm;wGif atmufygvkyfief;rsm;
yg0ifonf/
baud rate tcsuftvuf vJaT jymif;&mwGif modem
ESpfck toHk;jyKonfh tjrefEIef;jzpfonf/ tcsuftvufrsm;
a&TUajymif;&mwGif tjrefEIef;edrhfonfh modem \ EIef;twkdif;
om aqmif&GufEkdifonf/
parity ay;ydkYonfh tcsuftvufrsm; vufcHonf/
tcsuftvufrsm; pkpnf;rI &Sdr&Sd prf;oyfjcif; jzpfonf/
toHk;rsm;onfh setting rSm none odkYr[kwf ]no parity}
jzpfonf/
data bits xkwfvTwfay;onfh character wkdif;wGif
ygonfh bit ta&twGufudk Tefjyonf/ toHk;rsm;onfh
setting rSm 8 jzpfonf/
stop bits Character wpfck tqHk;owfonfudk
tcsufjy&ef toHk;jyKonfh bit ta&twGufudk Tefjyonf/
duplex tcsuftvufrsm;udk wpfcsdew
f nf; wpfjydKif
wnf; ay;ydkYjcif;? vufcHjcif;jyK&ef odkYr[kwf wpfcsdefwnf;
wpfjydKifwnf; ay;ydYk jcif;ESihf vufcjH cif; rjyKvky&f ef uGeyf sLwm
tm; ajymqkdjcif; jzpfonf/ toHk;rsm;onfh setting rSm full
jzpfonf/
tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;onfh
"mwfjym;wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ tcsif; 4.75 vufr&Sdonf/
'pf*spfw,f tcsuftvufrsm; odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifonf/
t&Snfvsm;qHk; aw;*Dwvuf&mrsm;ukd toHoGif;&mwGif 74
rdepftxd Mumjrifo
h nf/ ,if;uJo
h Ykd 74 rdepfpm toHoiG ;f zkYd ukd
&nf&G,f wDxGifjcif;jzifh CD \ t&G,ftpm;rSm 4.75 vufr
&SdzdkY vdktyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ydk*&rfESifh tcsuftvuf
topfrsm;onf tm;aumif;onfh avqma&mifjcnfwpfck\
vufcsufjzifh disc rsufESmjyifay:wGif dip rsm;tjzpf
]avmifuRrf;} oGm;Muonf/ tm;aysmhonfh avqmwpfco
k nf
disc vnf ywfaepOf dip rsm;rS a&mifjyefxGufvmonfh
yHkajymif;rI (distortion) rsm;udk toHk;csNyD; rsufESmjyifay:wGif
zwfaI y;Ekid o
f nf/ CD rsm;wGif yd*k &rfoiG ;f xm;onfh &SmazGrI

rsm;ESifh rSwfPf toHk;

taqmifrsm; aygif;pyf
xnfhoGif;xm;Ekdifonf/
CD rsm;onf tMud r f
rnfrQ toHk;jyKapumrl
&SJ&SJjrnfoHrsm; ay:rvm
aomaMumifh aw;*Dwrsm;
toH oG i f ; &mwG i f
taumif ; qH k ; [k ,l q
Muonf/ (d;k d;k uufqufwyd af cGrsm;onf zGiyhf grsm;onft
h cg
h if;jyD;
toH ysuv
f m wwfonf/) Disk onf rmausmawmifw
rnfonfh tpdwt
f ydik ;f urQ tay:,H rsuEf mS jyifEiS hf rxdro
d nfh
twGuf track rsm;udk yl;yl;uyfuyf pkpnf;xm;Ekdifonf/
compact disc-digital video interactive (CVI).

vIy&f mS ;rItjynfyh gonfh AD',

D dk yk yf rkH sm;udk 'pf*spfw,fenf;jzifh
odrf;qnf;&ef ]]zdodyfjcif;enf;pepf}} udk toHk;jyKonfh compact disc wpfck jzpfonf/
compact disc interactive (CD- I). CD I wGif recording

t&nftaoG;udk ESdrfhcsvkdufygu em&D 20 cefYtxd zGifhvSpf

xm;&onf/ tqd;k qH;k tajctaersK;d rSmyifvQif CD-I rS xGuf
vmonfh pum;oHrsm;onf yHkrSefa&'D,kd toHvTifhcsufrsm;
xuf ydk aumif;rGefonf/ zdodyfrI enf;pepfwpf&yfudk
toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh CD-I wpfcsyfonf kyfaoyHk 5000 ausmf
odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifonf/ toHk;jyKoltaejzifh rdrd xkwf,lvkd
onfh t&mudk a&G;cs,fjcif;jzifh disc ESifh twkdiftazmufnDnD
vkyfudkif &onf/ Interact vkyf&onf/

compact disc.

126

uGefysLwm*sme,f

compact disc-photographic. "mwfyHke*wpfrsm;rS ul;,l

xm;aom odYkr[kwf yHrk eS u

f ifr&mwpfv;kH jzifh du
k u
f ;l xm;onfh
transparency rsm;rS ul;,lxm;aom compact disc wpfck
jzpfonf/ kyaf oyHrk sm;udk Munfh &I ef photo CD player wpfck
xJwGif ae&mcs&onf/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk 'pf*spfw,f
enf;jzifh xdef;odrf;xm;onfhtwGuf kyfyHktpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
yHkMuD;csJU&onf/ wnf;jzwf &onf/
compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM). CDROM udk Munfhyg/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

(PREVIEW)

xm0& ta&mif;&qHk; PC *drf;awG

xJ u wpf c k / Expansion pack
trsm;qHk; xGufwJh*drf;/ aemufvmr,fh
The Sims 3 rSm bmawG xl;jcm;vmrvJ
MunfhMu&atmif/
e,fy,ftus,ft0ef;u aetdrf
wGif; pDrHukdifwG,frIuae vlrIt0ef;
t0kdif; pDrHudkifwG,frIodkY ajymif;oGm;
w,f/ The Sims 2 rSmwkef;u teD;
tem; tjcm;tdrfawGrSm ajymif;vJrI
bmrQ r&Sdbl;/ tcsdefu oifhrdom;pkudk
om a&G;cs,frsufESmvdkuf usefwJh
,Ofaus;rItzGYJ tpnf;eJY tquftoG,f
jzwfxm;w,f/ [dkbuftdrfu oif
ESpfoufwJh aumifuav; Smith qdkyg
awmh/ a&SUquf upm;&if oif touf
30 a&muf o G m ;vnf ; ol u awmh
aumifuav;yJ jzpfaeOD;rSmyJ/

The Sims 3 rSmawmh aeY&uf tcse

df
twkdif; jzpfysufr,fvdkY oif arQmfvifh
xm;orQawG jzpfysufr,f/ jrdKUxJrmS &Sw
d hJ
characters awG tm;vHk;twl vkduf
ajymif;Mur,f/ oifh&JU sims awGudk
zoom qGJMunfhEkdifw,f/ tdrfeD;em;csif;
awG q D tvnf o G m ;? wH c g;acguf ?
jywif;aygufu acsmif;MunfEh idk rf ,f/ jrdKU

xJoGm;vdkY awGYwJholu oifh b0xJu

qdkygpdkY/ tvkyfzGifh&uf
MuD; jrdKUxJavQmufoGm;&if; oifh boss
eJY &ifqkdifawGYjyDqdkygawmh/ oifh sim
u &Sufuef;uef;eJY ajy;rvm;/ tJ'grsKd;
awGeYJ wu,fb
h 0awGvkd obm0usvm
r,f/ The Sims 2 wkef;u ab;tdrfrS
tcsdefrJhuav;[m oifhudk,fykdifuav;
twkid ;f vku
d v
f MH uD;jyif;r,f/ tdref ;D csi;f
upm;azmfawG[m txufwef;ausmif;
t&G,f Muifzuf&nf;pm;awG jzpfvmEkdif
ygao;w,f/
aemufwpfck ta&;ygwmu Sims
&JU Personality t&if*drf;&JU pepfrSm
tuefYtowf &Sdw,f/ vHkavmufwJh
uGJjym;xif&Sm;rI r&Sdbl;/ upm;olawG
[m tpGef;w&m;awGa&SmifjyD; tv,f
tvwf "neutral" a&G;jzpfapzdkY wGef;
tm;ay;xm;w,f/ Sims 2 rSmwkef;u
player awG prf;oyf upm;Munfz
h Ydk persims awGygyJ/

ar? 2008 127

(CONCEPT)

WELCOME HOME

sonality sliders ig;ck

yg&Sdw,f/ ]jzpf
uwwfqef;} eJY ]oyfoyf&yf&yf}? ]&Su&f UHG
tdrfwGif;ykef;} eJY ] jrL;<utjyifxGuf}
ponfjzifh taetxm;awGtMum; wpf
ae&m&m a&G;,lzdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ oifh Sim &JU
neatnik udk tqHk;wifvkdufjyD qdkyg
awmh/ t&mtm;vH;k tcsdew
f idk ;f oefY&iS ;f
oyf&yfrI r&S&d if tjrJrjywf u*su
D a*smif
usaeawmhrSmyJ/
The Sims 3 rSm xdk personality
sliders awG tjyD;wdi
k f z,f&mS ; okwo
f if
jyD; rSeu
f efatmif jyifvu
dk w
f ,f/ Traits
system eJY tpm;xdk;xm;w,f/ oifh
Sim &JUidentity udk xlaxmifzYkd&m uGjJ ym;
aom teHYt&om tac:ta0: 80 rQ
&Sdaom tusifhpdkufawG &Sdvmygw,f/
Sim wpfaumifpDtwGuf Traits
ig;ck a&G;,lvdkY&w,f/ wcsKdUwavom
wpfckeJYwpfck wpfjydKifwnf; oHk;r& jzpf
wmyg/ ("good" and "evil") tqHk;r&Sd
vkeD;eD; trsKd;rsKd;aom personalities
awG zefw;D vdYk &vmw,f/ tcsKUd u tjyK
trlqdkif&mawG "inappropriate" vdk
rsKd;/ oihf Sim u tjcm; Sims awGeJY
dkif;pkdif;pGmaom qufqHrI jzpfapw,f/
usew
f mawGuawmh ydjk yD; r[mAsL[mus
wJh gameplay modifiers "genius" vdk
[mrsK;d rSm oifu todPfprG ;f &nf&jyD;

128

uGefysLwm*sme,f

pmtkyfawG ydkjrefjrefzwfEkdifapw,f/
Traits u Sims &JU ywf0ef;usif
tay: cHpm;csufawGudk wkdufdkuf ouf
a&mufw,f/ olu tjyifxGuf&wm
rke;f &if olYukd ig;rQm;xGucf idk ;f wkid ;f pdwf
roufromjzpfr,f/ Sim u &Sufwwf
wJh pmMurf;ydk;jzpf&if pmtkyfawG trsm;
MuD; zwfckdif;jyD; olYtvkyfrSm wkd;wuf
apr,f/ 'grSr[kwf [if;csufpGrf;&nf
wufvmatmif vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/
oifh Sim wpfaumifwnf;ruyg?
'D*drf;urmxJu Sim wpfaumifcsif;pD
rSm Traits awG&w
dS ,f/ 'gaMumifh ykid q
f idk f
&m traits tvkduf tjcm; Sims awGeJY
social wnfaqmuf? wHYkjyef qufo,
G zf Ykd
b,fenf;vkyf&r,f? rSef;qazmfxkwfzdkY
&mu Sims 3 &JU gameplay wpfpdwf
wpfyidk ;f jzpfvmw,f/ topfwpfa,muf
awGYw,f qdyk gawmh/ olwYkd ukd qGaJ qmif
wm bmvJvdkY tcsdefay; avhvm&r,f/
[mojyufvHk;awG ajymMunfh/ olwdkYrSm
[moPf&v
dS m;/ pl;prf;/ &,fcsif &,f
r,f/ r&,fcsif r&,fbl;/ oli,fcsif;
jzpfcsif jzpfvmr,f/ xGufoGm;vdkY ajym
&if ajymr,f/
2009 ckESpfrS xGufrSmrkdY tawmf
MuD; apmifh&p&mawmh &Sdygw,f/

Bistro- 'Dae&mrsK;d awGu udpr sm;pGmtwGuf toH;k

awmfcHr,f/ pm;aomuf? vlrIoif;yif; pkqHkcsdef;awGY?
tcsuftjyKwv
f rf;aMumif;vku
d &f iftvkyv
f yk Ef idk w
f ,f/

Park- jrKd w
U iG ;f jyify tyef;ajz a&; A[dXk me/ Sims
awG[m olwdkY&JU tvkyfrsm;aom b0rS xGuf
aeylpmvHEI idk fw,f/ajzavQmt
h em;,l/aysmyf pJG m;xGu/f
"Loves Outdoors" trait &So
d al wG csucf si;f aysmf
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Clothing Store- "rabbit hole" taqmufttHk

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selection a&G;zdYk vw
kd ,f/ 'Dupd r mS awmh uav;pD; um;a&SUydik ;f
eJY bD;tydkif;awG jzpfygw,f/ tckawmh magnetic lasso eJY
polygonal lasso tools awG oHk;xm;w,f/ Quick mask
'grSr[kwf selection plug-ins awGvnf; oHk;Edkifw,f/
tqifh 3
Selection udk layer topfodkY Ctrl+J eJY copy ul;wif
yg/ 'D Layer u tjcm; Layer tm;vHk;txufrSm &Sd&r,f/

tqifh 4
t"du kyfyHk Layer rSm Custom Shape Tool eJY "mwfyHk
abmifwpfck aygif;xnfyh g/ 'DrmS awmh cyf;kd d;k yJ tjzLa&mifuyG f
xm;w,f/ Rectangle yHk qGJjyD; stroke ay;xm;wmyg/

134

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh 5
Layer palette u cvkwu
f kd ESyd jf yD; Layer topf jyKvkyf
yg/ Rectangular Marquee Tool eJY abmifwpfcq
k yJG g/ Edit
> Stroke odkY oGm;jyD; 25 pixel tjzLa&mifeJY "mwfyHkabmif

tqifh 7
abmifeJY kyfyHkudk merge vkyfvdkY&jyD/ abmifrSm xk&SdwJhyHk
aygufatmif Bevel and Emboss Layer style ay;yg/

jyKvkyfyg/

tqifh 6
,ck abmiftjyifbufu background udk a&G;yg/
t"du kyfyHk layer udk ouf0ifapjyD; delete vkyfyg/

ar? 2008 135

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tqifh 8
yHkrSeftm;jzifhawmh xdyfqHk; Layer u selection [m
kyfyHkeJY udkufnDwm rsm;w,f/ tjyD;owf enf;enf; oay;HkeJY
effect yHkay:vmr,f/ upm;MunfhzdkY&mwpfcku shadow jzpf
ygw,f/

wkwfEdkifiHwGif
Intel \ &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS rI sm;
Intel taeeJY wkwfjynf&JU cspfyfxkwfvkyfa&;eJY
IT enf;ynmvkyfief;&yfrsm;rSm aiG&if;aiGEDS; a':vm

tqifh 9
Layer aemufwpfckvkyfjyD; tjymazsmhazsmh aemufcHeJY &H
vdkufygao;w,f/

tqifh 10
a'gufeJY axmufxm;wJh "mwfyHkabmifoabm&atmif
free transform tool oH;k jyD; upm;MunfE
h ikd yf gw,f/ if; "mwf
yHkabmiftwGuf t&dyfxnfhxm;wm owdjyKyg/

136

uGefysLwm*sme,f

oef; 500 jrKyfESH cJhw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'g[m 'kwd,

tMudrfajrmufjzpfjyD; Intel Capital China Technology
Fund II acgif;pOfeJY &if;EDS;jrKyfESHwm jzpfygw,f/
tqdkyg &if;EDS;jryfESHrIrsm;udk 2007 ckESpftukefrSm
tjyD;owf xnfh0ifcJhygw,f/ if;wGif MudK;rJh
broadband eJY w,fvDzkef; qufoG,fa&;tygt0if
rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm; yg0ifygw,f/ t"dutaeeJY wkwf
ukrPDESpfckrSm yg0if xnfh0ifjcif;jzpfjyD; if;ukrPDwdkY
onf LAN tajccH tGefvdkif;*drf;rsm;udk xkwfvTifhay;
aewJh Holdfast Online Technology eJY w,fvDaA;&Sif;?
AD'D,dkvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaewJh Newauto Video
Technology wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ if;ukrPDESpfckrSm
topf &if;EDS;jrKyfEHSjcif;jzpfjyD; aiG&if;aiGEDS; rnfrQpD
xnfh0ifxm;w,fqdkwmudkawmh raMunmcJhyg/
Intel taeeJY 2005 ckESpfu aiGt&if;tEDS; a':vm
oef; 200 jrKyfEHScJhbl;ygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf Intel &JU
aiGaMu; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;[m wkwfjynf&JU
IT enf;ynm wdk;wufa&;rSm taxmuftul
jzpfapcJhw,fvdkY ynm&Sifrsm;u qdkygw,f/
IDG News Service

8-{jy-D 2008 tifwmeufowif;/

Word Annoyance

pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyem
tcef; (3) tykid ;f (2)
Find and Replace
Find and Replace
Annoyance

udk tvsiftjref vkyfukdifjcif;

tvkyfvkyfaecsdef\ tcsdefwpf0ufcefYrSm Find and Replace dialog box udk zGifhae&onfESifh ukefvGefoGm;&onf/
a0g[m&udk &Sm,l&onf/ jyD;vQif dialog box udk ydw&f onf/
a0g[m&udk ppfaq;jyD; vdktyfaom wnf;jzwfrIudk vkyfjyD;
dialog box udk jyefzGifh&jyefonf/ aemufwpfckudk &Sm&jyef
onf/ acR;xGufvmvdkuf rsufESmopfvkdufESifh tvkyfvkyfae&
ouJhodkY Mudrfzefxyfxyf vkyfaqmifae&onf/ vG,fulonfh
enf;vrf;udk toHk;csvdkonf/

oGm;aponf/ aemufvmrnfh a0g[m&udk wpfMudrf xyfr&H mS &ef

twGuf dialog box udk rSDjirf;rIr&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

vuf

wkYd

nTe;f

Modeless dialog box wpfckonf application twGif;

qufvufvkyfudkifaepOf tcsdeftwGif; screen ay:wGif
qufvufzGifhxm;ay;aom enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ Dialog
box trsm;pkonf Modal jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm application twGi;f rnfonfv
h yk u
f idk rf u
I rkd qdk rvkyu
f idk Ef idk rf D

xkwfay;vsuf&Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
'kw,
d tcsurf mS search wpfcu
k kd vkyaf qmif,al omtcg
Word rS browse objects udk pDpOfay;vku
d o
f nf/ (,ck tcef;
u@ aemufykdif;wGif Browse Objects ESifh vrf;nTefjcif;
acgif;pOfjzifh &Sif;vif;wifjyay;ygrnf/) Figure 3-10 wGif
jrifawGY&ouJhodkY Next [lonfh cvkwfudkESdyfum aemufxyf
&SmazGrnfht&mudk vkyfaqmif,lvkdufonfh oabmobm0
jzpfonf/ jyD;cJhonfh a0g[m&ESifh ywfouf MunfhvdkvQif
Previous [lonfh cvkwfudk ESdyf,l&onf/ xkdodkY jrefjrefqef
qef vkyfonfukdyif auseyfrI r&Sdao;ygu Ctrl + Page
Down udkESdyf&if; a&SUqufoGm;EkdifouJhodkY Ctrl + Page Up
udk ESdyf&if; aemufjyefoGm;Ekdifygao;onf/

Fix

&Ekdifygonf/ yxrtcsufrSm Find and Replace

dialog box rSm modeless jzpfaomaMumifh dialog box ukd
rydwaf omfvnf; rdrd document udk wnf;jzwf,El idk yf gonf/
rdrt
d vd&k o
dS nft
h wdik f vkyaf qmif&efonf dialog box ukd roH;k
onfhenf;vrf;yifjzpfonf/ roHk;jcif;tm;jzifh tcsdefoufom

Replace twGuf Styles

Annoyance

rsm;ESihf

Formatting

rsm;

vkyfukdifaepOfjzpfap? odrf;qnf;xm;&eftwGufjzpfap
manual jzifh vkyfukdifEkdifap&ef tvdkYiSm standard template
wpfck &Syd gonf/ avmavmq,f toH;k jyK&onfrmS tqifajy
vSygonf/ odkYaomf ,cktcg wjcm;toHk;csyHkpHwpfckrS rdrd\

ar? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
a&G;,lvu
dk o
f nft
h cg figure 3.11 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJo
h Ykd
find style dialog box ay:vmygvdrfhrnf/ tpm;xdk;vdk
onfh style udk click vkyu
f OK udk ESyd af y;vku
d &f onf/

template udk if;wdkY\ templates oHk;ckrS documents rsm;

twGuf tranete vkyf&ef vdktyfvmygonf/
Fix
VBA qdkonfudk odxm;cJhvQif trsm;pkudk jrefjrefqef
qef ajymif;vJa&;om;Ekdifygonf/ tu,f VBA udk rod
cJhygvQif rdrdtaejzifh Find and Replace udk toHk;cs&if;
rdrd template rS oufqkdif&m styles rsm;jzifh zefwD;ajymif;vJ
,lEkdifygao;onf/
Style

wpfckrS tjcm;

style

wpfckodkY tpm;xkd;vkyfukdif

&ef
1/ rdrdajymif;vJvdkonfh styles rsm;ESifh ajymif;vJvdkonfh
t&mrsm;udk column ESpfckcGJ pm&if;wpfck jyKvkyfyg/
pm&Gufay:wGif tMurf;jyKpkEkdifouJhodkY Word table
ay:rSmvnf; a&;qGJ,lEkdifonf/
2/ tjcm; ukrPDoHk; template wpfckay:wGif wnfaqmuf
xm;onfh rdrd document udk zGifh,lyg/
3/ Tools ukda&G; Template ESifh Add-in odkYoGm;um Attach button udkESdyfyg/ rdrd\ukrPD standard manual
template udk xyfESdyfyg/ if;wGif&Sd "Automatically
update" document style box check trSwftom;
jyay;vkdufjyD; OK udk ESdyfvkduf&onf/
4/ Edit rS Replace a&G; (odkYr[kwf Ctrl + H udkESdyf)
Find and Replace dialog box \ Replace tab udk
ac:,lyg/
5/ tu,f "Find What" box wGif text rsm; yg&Sad eygu
Delete jzifh z,fxkwfypf&rnf/
6/ dialog box wGif Search Options section ryg0ifcv
hJ Qif
More button ukd Click vkyf,lyg/
7/ Find what box \ atmufwGif formatting vkyf&ef
tao;pdwf ay;xm;csuf wpfpHkwpf&m&SdcJhvQif z,fxkwf
&eftwGuf No formatting cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf&onf/
8/ Format udk click vkyfum style udk shortcut menu rS

138

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Figure 3-11
Find and Replace rS document wpfcv
k ;kH style wpfcrk S
tjcm; style wpfco
k Ykd tvG,q
f ;kH enf;jzifh ajymif;vJay;&ef

aqmif&u
G af y;onf/
9/ "Replace With" box udka&G;&ef Tab ukd ESyd yf g/ tu,f
box wGif text rsm;yg0ifaeygu Delete ukd ESdyfyg/ if;
atmufwGif format vkyf&ef tao;pdwf azmfjycsuf
wpfckck&SdaecJhygu if;wdkYudk z,fxkwf&ef No Formatting cvkwfudk click vkyfay;&onf/
10/ Replace Style dialog box cif;jy&eftwGuf shortcut
f kd click vkyjf yD; style udk a&G;ay;
menu rS Format cvkwu
vkduf&onf/ if;rS vkdufavsmnDaxGjzpfaprnfh style
udk a&G;jyD; OK cvkwfudk ESdyfay;&onf/
11/ "Replace with" box atmuf&Sd style ESifhtwl "Find
What" box atmufwGif&Sdaom instances rsm;udk tpm;
xdk;Ekdif&ef Replace All cvkwfudk click vkyf&onf/
12/ Next search style ESifh next replacement style ukd
a&G;jyD; jyefvnf ae&mcsxm;rIudk xyfrHvkyf,lyg/ rdrd
tpm;xd;k &ef qE&o
dS rQudk if;jzifh styles rsm; qufvuf
wnf&Sdae&ef jyKvkyf&onf/
Smart-Quotes jzifh Dumb Quotes udk tpm;xk;d jcif;
Annoyance

rdrd wm0efcHwpfOD;OD;u if;wkdY\ wifjycsufrsm;udk tD;

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
ar;vfESifhtwlwGJ Word document taejzifh ydkYvTwf&ef
&nf&,
G cf MhJ uonf/ odYk aomfvnf; trsm;pkrmS tD;ar;vftwGi;f
rSmyif wifjycsufrsm;udk wkdufdkuf xnfhoGif;avh&SdMuonf/
tcsKdUwifjycsufawGu tvGefwdkawmif;aeonf/ rdrdtaejzifh
rnfodkYyifjzpfap tD;ar;vfrS text rsm;udk Word twGif; ul;
xnfhEkdifcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif tD;ar;vfwGif smart quotes
jzifh wefqmqifxm;apvdkygonf/
Fix
Tool rSwpfqifh AutoCorrect okdY oGm;jcif;jzifh &&Sdvm
aom Auto Correct dialog box \ Auto Format As You
Type ay:&Sd smart quotes box ESifhtwl&Sdaeaom Straight
quotes udk toH;k jyKEki
d &f efay;xm;jyD;jzpfonf/ if;udk a&G;cs,f
aumuf,ljyD; Replace udk toHk;csjcif;jzifh tqdkyg quotes
tm;vHk;udk ajymif;vJ,lEkdifonf/ rdrd document xJodkY text
rsm; tm;vHk;ul;xnfhjyD; Edit udk ESdyfjyD; Replace (odkYr[kwf
Ctrl + H) udkoGm;um replace operations ESpfckudk wif,l
aponf/ yxrOD;pGm with ukd tpm;xd;k 'kw,
d tm;jzifv
h nf;
with udk tpm;xdk;,l&onf/ xkdtcg Word onf tvdk
tavsmuf rdrdtwGuf smart quotes wGif xnfhxm;jyD; jzpf

k o
f iG ;f yg/
dkufoGif;um "Replace with" box wGif ^ C udk du
Word onf Clipboard \ contents rsm;ESifhtwl tpm;
vnf; xnfhxm;aMumif; awGY&ygvdrfhrnf/
wpfzef replace operations ESpfckjzifh toHk;csEkdifygao;
onf/ vkycf sux
f nfrh nfh text udk oD;jcm; cGx
J w
k &f efEiS hf ajymif;
vJvkdufjzpfonf/ tqdkyg vkyfief;pOfjzifhvnf; SO2 rS SO2
odkY tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJay;Ekdifygonf/ yxr replace operation rSm SO uGif;pufrsm;jzifh SO2 udk tpm;xdk;,lonfh
"2" twGuf instances 2 rS "2" udk oD;jcm;cGjJ rifomG ;aponf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh SOxx 2xx jzpfonf/ 'kwd, replace operations rSm subscript "2" jzifh xx2xx ukd tpm;xdk;ay;vkduf
jcif;jzpfonf/

vuf

wkYd

nTe;f

tcef; (*) wGif Complex Formatting ESifhtwl Find

and Replace rS aqmif&GufyHkudk tao;pdwf azmfjyay;yg
rnf/ xkduJhodkY tpm;xdk;dkufoGif;rIudk macro wpfckjzifh
toHk;cs,lrnfjzpfonf/

oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
Subscript wpfckjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;
Annoyance
Word onf pum;vHk;wpfvHk;twGif;rS Sub odkYr[kwf
super scripted character wpfcktwGuf search and replace udr
k oH;k Ekid yf g/ Oyrmtm;jzifh SO2 udk SO2 tjzpf tpm;

xd;k xm;&Sv
d jkd cif;jzpfonf/ if;onf pum;vH;k wpfcv
k ;kH udk xyf
nTef;jyKHkom jzpfonf/ enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m pmwrf;wpfckudk
wnf;jzwfawmhrnfqdkygu ,if;udponf pdwftaESmifh
t,Sufjzpfp&m jzpfae&awmhonf/

Two- Step Replace wpfck aqmif&Gufjcif;

Annoyance
Bovine Super Defibnillator qdo
k nfh rdrw
d Ykd xkwv
f yk f

aom ypnf;wGuf &nfnTef;csufaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmESihftwl

pmrsufESm 500 cefY&Sd document wpfckudk jyKpkxm;&Sdonf/
&Hzef&Hcg Super Defibrillaton [kom ac:qdkavh &SdMuonf/
tdwftaejzifh tm;vHk;udk wnDwnGwfwnf; Bovine Super Defibrillatior [k ajymif;,lvkdufaomtcg Bovine Super Defibrillator [k jzpfoGm;onf/
Fix

Fix

rSefygonf/ Find and Replace jzifh wkdufdkuf vkyfukdif

Ekdifjcif;r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm "Replace with" text twGuf
rdrt
d aejzifh format jyKvky&f ef jy|mef;owfrw
S cf v
hJ Qif if;onf
text tm;vHk;udk toHk;cs,lvkdufrnfomjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
jzpfEkdifp&mwpfcsufawmh &Sdygonf/ Clipboard \ controls
rsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;ay;Ekdifonf/ xkdodkYvkyf&ef rdrd document
twGif;rS rdrdtvdk&Sdaom text udk axmuf0if Ctrl+C jzifh
ul;,lvkdufyg/ Find and Replace udk cif;jyay;&ef Ctrl +
H udkEdSyfjyD; "Find What" box twGif;odkY search text ukd

if;wkdYudk Boins Danins Super Defibrillation jzifh

azmfjyay;Ekdif&ef Replace All wpfckudk toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/
Character

jzpfap?

Digit

jzpfap?

Letter

jzpfap &SmazG

jcif ;
Annoyance
Find and Replace onf uGJjym; jcm;em;aom products codes rsm; twGJvkdufudk tnTef;jyK ppfaq;&ef vdktyf
csufudk rjznfhqnf;ay;EkdifcJhyg/ CP 408 rSjzpf CQ 917 qD
odkYtxd codes rsm; &Sdaeygonf/ if;udk &SmazG&ef C udk

ar? 2008 139

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
nTev
f u
dk &f m document wpfcv
k ;kH rS capitial C qdo
k nfh pmvH;k
wkdif;udk ajymif;oGm;apawmhonf/ enf;vrf;aumif;wpfck
tvdk&Sdaeygonf/
Fix

vkyf,lEkdifrnfhenf;vrf; 2 ck &Sdygonf/ tvG,fqHk;enf;

vrf;rSm C^ $ ^# ^ # ^ # twGuf search vkyf&ef jzpfonf/
if;onf C rS aemufxyf tu&mwpfvHk;ESifh digit oHk;vHk;udk
&SmazGvdrfhrnf/ pyg,f&S,f tcsuftvufrsm;udk &SmazG&mwGif
Tab 3-1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh codes rsm;udk toH;k jyKEki
d o
f nf/
Figure 3-12 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; Find and Replace dialog box twGif;rS Special button udk click vky
f
xnfhoGif;,lEkdifonf/ xdktcsdefwGif "Use wildcards" box
wGif uncheck trSwftom; jzpfae&ygvdrfhrnf/ if;wdkYudk
dkufoGif;jcif;jzifh ydk jrefqefrI&Sdonf/

Figure 3-12
Find and
Replace dialog
box twGi;f rS pyg,&f ,
S f pop-up menu u special items
rsm;wGif code xnho
f iG ;f &mwGif tvG,u
f q
l ;kH enf;vrf;udk

yHyh ;kd xm;&So

d nf/
Firstname Lastname

Table - 3-1

ajymif;vJjcif; acgif;pOfjzifh tao;

pdwf azmfjyay;ygonf/

Code Meaning
^p
^t
^?

^#
^$
^^
^%
^V
^n
^+
^=
^e
^d
^f
^g
^l
^m
^~
^^s
^b
^w

A paragraph mark
A tab
Any single character (letter or number). For
example, ^p^t^? finds any character preceded by
a tab that appears after a paragraph mark.
Any digit. For example, ^p^# finds a paragraph
that starts with a number.
Any single letter (not a digit).
A craet (the single caret is used to identify other
codes).
A section character ().
A paragraph character (-not a paragraph mark.)
A column break.
An em dash(-)
An en dash( ).
An endnote mark.
A field
A footnote mark.
A graphic.
A manual line break.
A manual page break.
A nonbreaking hyphen.
An optional hyphen.
A nonbreaking space.
A section break.
Whitespace (one or more spaces, one or more
tabs, or a combination of the two).

tjcm;enf;vrf;rSm regular expression odkYr[kwf text

ESifh wildcards twGJrsm;udk toHk;jyK&efjzpfonf/ Use
Wildcards udk check trSwftom;jyKjyD; C [P_Q] udk Find
what box twGi;f xnfo
h iG ;f yg/ xkYd aemuf Find Next cvkwf
udk Click vky&f rnf/ (if;ESiyhf wfouf oifcef;pmwGiyf if

140

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Document
Annoyance

wpfckrS pmydk'ftvGwfrsm; cGmcRwfjcif;

pmyk'd w
f pfcq
k ;kH wkid ;f hard return ESpcf ?k acgif;pD;wpfcpk jD yD;
wkdif; hard returns oHk;ckESifh acgif;pD;rwkdifrD hard return
av;ckwdkY xnfh,ljcif;udk rdwfaqG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ESpf
oufMuonf/ tqdkyg style onf tcsdefydkukefaMumif; ajym
Mum;rdonf/ Enter key udk tMudrMf udrEf ydS jf yD; vky&f onf'h u
k
u uif;a0;Ekid v
f Qif yd
k aumif;rnf[k xifjrif,q
l rdygonf/
Fix

if;udk tvG,fwul jyKjyif,lEkdifygonf/ Edit rS Replace odkYoGm;jyD; "Find what" box twGif; ^P ^P udk vnf;
aumif;? Replace with twGif; ^P udkvnf;aumif; dkuf
oGif; Replace All button udk click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/
Word rS rdrdu rnfrQtxd replacement rsm; vkyfxm;jyD;
jzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajymMum;onfhtcg rSefuefrI&Sdygu OK
cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf&onf/ xdkYaemuf Replace All button
udk wpfMudrf jyefEydS af y;yg/ if;rS hard returns rsm;udk avQmhcs
ay;vku
d o
f nf/ Hard returns av;ckrS oH;k ckoYkd vnf;aumif;?
hard returns oHk;ck&Sdaomt&mrS ESpfckodkY vnf;aumif;? hard
returns ESpfckygaomtpHkrS wpfcktjzpfodkYvnf;aumif; toD;
oD; a&muf&SdoGm;aponf/ 'kwd,tMudrf xyfrH avQmhcsonfh
tcgwGifvnf; wpfqifhpD xyfrHavsmhusoGm;apygonf/
quf v uf a zmf j yygOD ; rnf /

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

0if;'dk;Apfpwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA
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1/ Adobe Illustrator xJodkY 0ifyg/
2/ File>New udk a&G;yg/ New document dialog box rS
size wGif 800 x 600 ESifh color mode wGif RGB udk
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6/ Polygon yHkudk select vkyfxm;csdefwGif filter> Distort> Pucker & Bloat udk a&G;yg/ Pucker wefzdk;udk
100 % xm; OK wGif click ESy
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7/ yef;yGihfyHkudk fill rD;cdk;a&mifa&G; strok color udk No
color xm;ay;yg/ Tool box xJrS oval tool udk a&G;
yef;yGifh tv,fwGif qGJay;yg/ File> Save udk a&G;
flower emrnfjzifh odrf;ay;yg/
3/ Toolbox xJrS Polygon tool udk a&G;yg/
4/ pmrsufESmtv,fodkY Mouse pointer udk a&G; click
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r,f/
5/ dialog box xJwGif radius 100 pt ESifh sider udk 8
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146

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click ESdyf keyframe xnfhay;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 0
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keyframe xnfh opacity wefzdk;udk 100 xm;ay;yg/

9/ Adobe premiere pro xJoYkd 0if project topfwpfck

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Color

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Red Value

Greenvalue

Blue Value

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255

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255

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255

Cyan

255

255

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255

255

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255

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255

255

255

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148

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ac:Muygonf/ if;wdkYonf Command
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udk select vkyf a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/ xdktcg cut vkyfvdkufonfht&monf Office
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Undo - Ctrl + Z
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Office \ aqmhzf0Jtm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ odkYjzpf aqmhzf0JwpfckrS cut
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
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Cut, copy, paste twGuf
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Cut, copy, paste
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
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(command) onf zdkifrsm;udk zsufvdkufonfqdkaomfvnf; trdIufyHk;twGif;
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ar? 2008 165

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ar? 2008 167

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G-talk xJ a&mufvmygvdrfh

ar? 2008 169

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
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ar? 2008 171

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6)
6.4 USING THE AWT BORDERLAYOUT
Border Layout eJY ywfoufjyD;awmhrS Swing Components awGudk &Sif;vif; ydkYcsay;pOfu oufqkdif&m oifcef;

Listing

pmtvdkuf &Sif;jyay;cJhjyD;om;yg/ tck xyfrHjyD;awmhrS &Sif;jy&

wmuawmh AWT Package xJrSm yg0ifwJh BorderLayout
Class udk &Sif;jyrSmygyJ jzpfygw,f/ odyfjyD;awmhrS uGJjym;
jcm;em;rIawmh r&Sdavmufygbl;/ aoaocsmcsmavhvmEkdif&if
awmh ydkjyD; tqifajyEkdifwmayghaemf/

1 . import java.awt.*;

BorderLayout Class
- BorderLayout Class separates the Container into
five regions: NORTH,SOUTH,EAST,WEST and
CENTER.
- BorderLayout is the default layout manager for
the Dialog, Frame and Window Class.
- Five Constants : BorderLayout.NORTH
BorderLayout.WEST
BorderLayout.CENTER
BorderLayout.SOUTH
BorderLayout.EAST
- There can only be one component placed them
into a container and add the container to the
region.
AWT package twGif;rSm yg0ifwJh BorderLayout
Class eJYywfoufwJh tcsuftvufawGudkawmh tay:rSm a&;
jyay;cJhjyD;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh sample program av; a&;jyjyD;awmh
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udk avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/

172

uGefysLwm*sme,f

6.5

Using

the

AWT

Components,

BorderLayout Manager

2 . import java.awt.event.*;
3 . public class AWTBorderLayout extends
Frame {
4 . Button b1,b2, b3, b4;
5 . Label L1, L2;
6 . public AWTBorderLayout ( ) {
7. SetTitle("Using BorderLayout Manager");
8 . SetResizable (false);
9 . b1=new Button ("North");
10. b2=new Button ("East");
11. b3=new Button ("West");
12. b4=new Button ("South");
13. L1=new Label ("The Center"); L2=new
Label ("Region");
14. panel p1=new Panel ( ); p1.add(b1);
15. panel p2=new Panel ( );p2.add (b2);
16. panel p3=new Panel ( );p3.add (b3);
17. panel p4=new Panel ( );p4.add (b4);
18. panel p5=new Panel ( );p5
19. P5.SetBackground (Color.Cyan);p5.add
(L1); p5 add (L2);
20. add.(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH); add (p2,BorderLayout.EAST);
21. add(p3, BorderLayout.WEST); add(p4,
BorderLayout.SOUTH);
22. add(p5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
23. addWindowListener(new WinClosing ( ));
24. SetBounds (300, 300, 300, 150);
25. SetVisible (true);
26. }
27. public static void main (String args
[ ])
28. { A W T B o r d e r L a y o u t a w t b 1 = n e w A W T BorderLayout( );}
29. }
30. Class WinClosing extends WindowAdapter
{

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
31. public void WindowClosing (WindowEvent
we)
32. {System.exit (0);}
33. }

tcka&;jycJhwmuawmh BorderLayout Class eJY ywf

oufjyD;awmh zefwD;xm;wJh program i,fav;ygyJ/ 'D program eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh Analysis vkyfMunhfMu&atmif
vm;/
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awt.event.*;package file ESpc
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vkyfygw,f/ 'g[m Java &JU AWT Components awG
udk ac:,l toHk;csEkdifwmyJayghaemf/
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'D Code_Line udk vkid ;f eHygwf (4)rSm awGUjrifEikd yf gw,f/
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tJ'aD emufrmS awmh Label Class udyk g Object Variable_

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'gaMumifh
b1=new Button ("North");
b2=new Button ("East");
b3=new Button ("West");
b4=new Button ("South");

qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m Button awG

ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;awGygyJ/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh
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L1=new Label ("The Center"); L2=new

Label L1, L2;

qkdjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&wmayghaemf/

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atmifvm;/
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taeeJY yg0if&r,fh pmom;twGuf

Label ("Region");

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twGuf tJ'D Code_Line eJY wpfqufwnf;rSmyJp1.add(b1);

SetTitle("Using BorderLayout Manager");

qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;ygw,f/ Output xGufvmr,fh

Frame udk csKHUcsJU vkyfvdkYr&atmiftwGuf
SetResizable (false);

qdkjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'Daemuf

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oGif;EdkifzdkYtwGuf panel awGudk oufqkdif&mtvdkuf
Object_Name ay;jyD;awmhrS a&;om;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vkdif;eHygwf (15) uae qufvufjyD;awmh vdkif;eHygwf

ar? 2008 173

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
(17) txd[m Panel Class udk ac:,ljyD;awmhrS zefwD;
xm;wJh Button_Object awGudk panel xJudk add vkyf
wmygyJ/ avhvmMunhfvkdufygvm;/ 'DvkdygyJ/ vkdif;
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wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/
3/ 'D panel udk ac:,l toHk;cs&mrSmawmh tay:u
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r[kwfawmhygbl;/ Label awGudk add vkyfzdkYtwGufa&m
jyD;awmh Background Color udk ta&mifjznfo
h iG ;f ay;Ekid f
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udk avhvmvdkufygOD;/
P5.SetBackground (color.cyan); p5.add
(L1); p5.add (L2);

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eHygwf (20) uae vdkif;eHygwf (22) txd atmufygtwkdif;
a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/
add.(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH); add (p2,
BorderLayout.EAST);
add(p3, BorderLayout.WEST);add(p4,
BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(p5,BorderLayout.CENTER);

'g[m BorderLayout Class udkyg wpfcgwnf; xnfh

oGif;jyD;awmhrS toHk;csxm;wmygyJ/ 'D Class eJY ywfoufjyD;
awmhrS Layout Manager tvkduf &Sif;jycJhjyD;om;yg/ ouf
qkdif&m Constants Value awGudk xnfhoGif;jyD;awmhrS zefwD;
xm;wmygyJ/
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bl;aemf/ vdktyfcsuft&om xnhfoGif; toHk;csEkdifygw,f/

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SOUTH ayghaemf/ vdktyfovdk toHk;csEkdifygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (23) rSmawmh Output xGufvm
r,fh Frame_Windows udk ydwfypfvdkY&atmif

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

addWindowListener(new WinClosing( ));

qkdjyD;awmh a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ tJ'Daemuf

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awmhsetVisible(true);

qkjd yD;awmhrS ac:,l toH;k cs a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ vdik ;f eHygwf

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Figure 6.12 Compile & Run of the AWTBorderLayout. java

Figure 6.11 Write the program Code_Line in the

Notepad, AWTBorderLayout.java

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java AWTBorderLayout.
CLS

Figure 6.13 Running the AWTBorderLayout.java

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Layout Manager udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS AWT Components awGeJY aygif;pyftoHk;csxm;wmygyJ/ Frame ay:rSm
Button_Object (4) ckeJY Label_Object (2) ckwdkYudk BorderLayout Class udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS Arrangement
vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh qufvufjyD;awmhrS AWT
Components eJY ywfoufwmawGukd qufvufavhvmvdu
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KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

ar? 2008 175