Ti liu 91.

Quy trnh loi b nito bng sinh hc

Trong x l th cp, nit cui cng ph thuc vo cc hp cht carbon (tnh theo BOD v
COD) c lin quan, cc loi bn (tnh theo TSS v VSS) c lin quan v cc phng php oxy
ha c s dng (Hnh 22.4).

Hnh 22.4 nh hng ca MCRT loi b cht gy nhim.

Khi nit [tng nit Kjeldahl (TKN)] i vo nh my x l nc thi, n bao gm c nit-hu

c v nit-ammonia. Nc thi sinh hot thng cha 40 mg/L TKN, trong gm 25 mg/L
nit-ammonia v 15 mg/L nit-hu c. X l sinh hc nit-ammoniac hoc kt hp n vi bn
sinh khi (MLVSS) hoc oxy ha n thnh nitrate (Hnh 22.7). Nu kt hp vi bn sinh khi
th amoniac v nit hu c c thi ra vi dng WAS. Nu b oxy ha thnh nitrat th
ammoniac (nitrat) b oxy ha c th c chuyn i thnh kh nit v pht thi vo bu kh
quyn.
HNH 22.7 Loi b nit trong h thng x l nc thi.

c im nc thi c th nh hng n cc cht dinh dng. V d, nu khong 20% nit

hu c (15 mg/L) thy phn tr thnh amoniac, th tng nit-ammonia c th cung cp
tng hp t bo l:

Nc thi in hnh t qu trnh x l s b cha khong 160 mg/L BOD. Trong x l th cp,
tng ng vi khong 80 mg/L VSS sinh hc c sinh ra (0,5 mgVSS/mgBOD). Amoniac
c tiu th khi sinh ra VSS, l 8 mg/L nit [(80mg/L)(10/100)] v 1,6 mg/L pht pho
[(80mg/L)(2/100)].

Kt qu l bn sinh hc c cha khong 10% nit v 2% pht pho.

Nhn vin nh my x l cng nn ch sau:

i vi tng nit trung bnh, nhn vin nn tnh TKN;
Bi v bn sinh hc tiu th nit, nn khng phi tt c cc nit-ammonia u cn cho nitrat
ha. Tuy nhin, v nit hu c thy phn nn mt s ammonia s c cung cp.
Nhng thay i trong t l BOD:N s lm thay i lng ammonia cn thit cho qu trnh oxy
ha. khi BOD tng ln, nh vy s to ra cht rn sinh hc (bn sinh hc). S gia tng cht rn
sinh hc lm chuyn nhiu amoniac hp th cho s tng trng t bo v t ammonia nitrat
ha.

Nu cc c im nc thi khng phi l "in hnh", th nhn vin nh my x l s phi

iu chnh MCRT, t l F/M hoc cc tiu chun khc.

S khc bit gia bn hot tnh truyn thng v h thng BNR l mt h thng bn hot tnh
thng thng ch loi b nit thng qua x bn. Mt qu trnh loi b cht dinh dng sinh hc
c th loi b nit thng qua x bn v mt phn ng sinh hc kt hp oxy ha amoniac cn
li (nitrat ha) v phn hy nit oxy ha (qu trnh kh nit). Nu cc nh my x l ch c
ammonia cho php, th n ch c th nitrat ha nc thi. Nu nh my c c ammonia v
nitrate oxy ha, th n s cn c hai qu trnh nitrat ha v kh nitrat ha nc thi.

NITRAT HA

Nitrat ha l qu trnh chuyn i nit-amoniac thnh nit-nitrat.

Ha sinh

Nitrat ha c thc hin bi cc vi sinh vt t dng (sinh vt s dng cc vt liu v c nh

mt ngun dinh dng v quang hp hoc ha tng hp nh mt ngun nng lng). Chng
oxy ha nit-ammonia v phn hy carbon dioxide sn xut sinh khi mi, thng cn 6-9
ngy MCRT sn xut n 0,2 mg VSS trn mi 1,0 mg ammonia b loi b.

Bc u tin trong qu trnh nitrat ha l oxy ha amoniac thnh nit-nitrit qua

Nitrosomonasbacteria (vi khun nitrat ha). Sau Nitrobacterbacteria oxy ha nitrit thnh
nitrate. Cc phng trnh sau y minh ha cho qu trnh nitrat ha:

Nitrat ha thng l mt phn ng hon ton, c ngha kt qu ch yu l nitrat (rt t hoc

khng c nitrit). Tuy nhin, nh my x l m nitrat ha theo ma c th c nitrite tch ly cho
n khi Nitrobacter pht trin chm tr nn ph bin hn. S tch t nitrite c th dn n
nitrite chn li nhu cu clo bi nitrite oxy ha khng hon ton (5 mg clo trn 1 mg nitrite,
Bng 22.1).

Bng 22.1 Cc qu trnh ha sinh trong BNR

Cc phn ng kim sot nito sinh hc
 5.0 mgN c loi b trn 100 mgBOD c loi b
1 mgP trn 100 mgBOD c loi b
1. Loi b cht dinh dng
Qu trnh hiu kh thng thng - 2.3 mgP/100 mgTSS
ha sinh
v 12.2 mgN/100 mgTSS
Qu trnh photpho sinh hc - 3-5 mgP/100 mgTSS
4.57 mg oxy cn trn mg nitrat ha
2. Oxy ha nito ha sinh
7.14 mgCaCO3 kim dng ht trn mg nitrat ha
(Nitrat ha)
0.06-0.2 mg rn l lng d bay hi trn mg nitrat ha
2.86 mg oxy sinh ra trn mg kh nito
Nhun carbon
* 1.91 mg methanol trn mg kh nito
3. Loi nito oxy ha ha sinh
* 0.7 mg methanol trn mg loi b oxy ha tan
(Kh nito)
* 8.6 mg COD trn mg kh nito
3.57 mgCaCO3 kim thu hi (thm vo) trn mg kh nito
0.5 mgVSS trn mgCOD (or BOD5) loi b
4. Nhu cu Chlorine do Nitrite
(kt hp nitrat ha khng hon 5 mg chlorine trn mg nitrite-nitrogen
ton v kh)

Hiu qu qu trnh nitrat ph thuc vo oxy v kim ( duy tr pH nc thi ph hp).

Nitrosomonas v Nitrobacterrequire cn 4,57 mg oxy v 7,14 mg kim (nh canxi cacbonat)
cho mi 1.0 mg nitrate to thnh.

Chng mang li 0,06-0,20 mg VSS cho mi 1,0 mg nitrate hnh thnh.

nh hng

Vi khun t dng thng pht trin chm hn 2-3 ln so vi vi khun d dng, l nhng
sinh vt chim u th trong mt h thng x l sinh hc. Hiu c mi quan h gia "tc
tng trng" ca vi khun v MCRT (tui bn) c th gip nhn vin nh my x l v xc
nh c nhit , oxy ha tan v cc yu t khc nh hng n x l sinh hc. Tc tng
trng sinh khi () c tnh nh sau:

Tc tng trng ti a (max) cho vi khun nitrat 20 C l thng gia 0.14 v 0.23
kg/ngy (0,3 v 0,5 lb /d). thut ng quen thuc hn i vi nhn vin nh my ca h
thng x l, c phng trnh sau:
Trong :
Px = lng bn sn xut mi ngy (bn thi trong nc thi th cp v WAS).
MLSSx = lng TSS trong b sc kh.

Ni cch khc, l nghch o ca MCRT, c s dng kim sot vn hnh:

Cc MCRT ti thiu l nghch o ca tc tng trng ti a:

Nitrat ha ph thuc vo nng nit-ammonia, nng oxy ha tan v nhit nc thi

(Hnh 22.8). iu kin tiu chun c s dng 20C, 2 mg/L oxy ha tan v 10 mg/L nit-
ammonia. Nu nng oxy ha tan hoc amoniac gim, th tng trng vi sinh vt nitrat ha s
chm li. Nu cc iu kin ny khng c hi, th nhit thp hn so vi tiu chun s c th
nh hng quan trng nht trong vic gim tc tng trng vi sinh vt nitrat ha.

HNH 22.8 Cc yu t chnh nh hng n qu trnh nitrat ha.

Hu ht cc nh my x l nc thi c thit k da trn tc tng trng ti a mt
phm vi nht nh ca nhit hot ng. Khi thit k mt nh my, k s c khuyn khch
s dng mt MCRT ln hn 1,5-2,0 ln MCRT l thuyt cn thit cho qu trnh nitrat ha
(Hnh 22.9). V d, cc MCRT tnh ton (s dng max) c th l 10 ngy 10C, nhng mt
k s thit k s lm cho lu vc kh ln hot ng 15 ngy MCRT (h s an ton =
1,5) hoc 20 ngy MCRT (h s an ton = 2,0). V vy, c th thy rng qu trnh nitrat ha
ng tin cy mt MCRT ngn hn. (Cc thc t MCRT "tt nht" l c trng nh my bi
cc s lng lin quan).

Hnh 22.9 MCRT thit k cho qu trnh nitrat ha.

Nitrat ha cng b nh hng bi pH, pH ti u thng l khong 7,5. Do , khi pH gim

xung, nh hng n tc tng trng v hot ng ca vi sinh vt nitrat ha. Nitrat ha c
th b c ch khi pH<6,5, nhng mt s ngun thng tin ch ra rng vi sinh vt nitrat ha c
th thch nghi pH thp.

Mt s kim loi, hu c v cc hp cht v c c th c ch s tng trng ca vi sinh vt t

dng. Nu nhn vin nh my nghi ng cht c gy c ch vi khun pht trin, h cn phi
tin hnh mt th nghim nh gi tc nitrat ha. Th nghim ny c th c tin hnh ti
ch, hoc mu c th c gi n phng th nghim kim tra.

KH NIT
Trong qu trnh kh nit, vi khun phn hy nitrat thnh kh nit (Hnh 22.6). Kh nit khng
phi ha tan tt trong nc, v vy n c thi vo kh quyn. Khng kh t nhin bao gm
hn 70% nit, v vy lng kh thi khng gy hi cho mi trng.

Ha sinh

Qu trnh kh c thc hin bi cc vi sinh vt d dng (sinh vt s dng cc vt liu hu c

nh mt ngun dinh dng v trao i cht tng hp nh mt ngun nng lng). Sinh vt d
dng dng t nng lng tng hp hn so vi cc sinh vt t dng, chng pht trin mt
cch nhanh chng v mang li nhiu sinh khi t bo hn na. N thng yu cu 2-4 ngy
MCRT sn xut 0,5 mg VSS trn mi 1,0 mg BOD b loi b.

Rt nhiu vi khun d dng c th kh nit ca nc thi. Vi khun kh nit phn hy nitrate

(vi khun ngu nhin), c ngha l chng c th hot ng trong c hai mi trng oxy v thiu
oxy. Vi khun kh nit thch s dng oxy phn t, nhng nu mi trng c cha t hn 0,3
n 0,5 mg/L oxy ha tan, chng s tch nhng phn t oxy t nitrate tng hp cc hp cht
carbon (v d, BOD) (Daigger et al., 1988 ):

Cc phn ng sinh ha lin quan vi qu trnh kh nit l yu t quan trng trong vn hnh cc
nh my x l nc thi (Bng 22.1). V d, phn hy nitrate loi tr mt s nhu cu BOD, do
, cc b phn ng thiu oxy gip loi b cBOD. Nu cBOD l vn cn x l duy nht, th
tnh ton MCRT v F/M c th bao gm cc sinh khi trong qu trnh kh nit.

V mt l thuyt, 2,86 mg oxy c thu hi cho mi 1,0 mg nitrate phn hy thnh kh nit.
iu ny l hn 60% lng oxy cn thit cho qu trnh nitrat ha, t oxy thu hi ny c th
c s dng lm gim ng k s lng thit b sc kh cn thit trong cc khu khc ca
nh my x l.

kt qu kh nit cn sinh ra cc t bo vi khun mi. S lng cc t bo ph thuc vo cc

ngun carbon. V d, nu methanol l ngun carbon, th s lng t bo l khong 0,5 mg VSS
trn mi 1,0 mg nitrate b loi b. Nu BOD l ngun, th s lng t bo l khong 1,5 mg
VSS trn mi 1,0 mg nitrate b loi b.

Ngoi ra, khong 3,57 mg kim (nh canxi cacbonat) c sinh ra cho mi 1,0 mg nitrateb
loi b. V vy, khong 50% kim mt trong qu trnh nitrat ha c th c phc hi trong
qu trnh kh nit.

nh hng
Vi sinh vt kh nit t nhy cm hn vi sinh vt kh nitrat ha, v vy nu mi trng nh my
x l khng c ch vi sinh vt nitrat ha, th cc vi sinh vt kh nit s khng c vn hot
ng tc tng trng ti u.

Tc vi sinh vt kh nit loi b nitrat l tc kh c th (SDNR):

Tc ny thay i, ch yu ty thuc vo loi ngun carbon v lng carbon c sn (c o

bng F/M).

Qu trnh nitrat ha v kh nit c th xy ra trong mt cm x l [c gi l qu trnh nitrat

ha / kh ng thi (SNDN)], hoc kh c th xy ring bit trong b thiu kh sau hoc trc.
Trong nhng nm 1970, BNR v kh nit thng c thc hin thng qua cc b phn ng
thiu kh sau [Hnh 22.10 (a)] (Stensel, 2001). Methanol l ngun cacbon cho qu trnh kh
nit (methanol ca SDNR khong 0,1-0,3 mg NO3-N/d.mg VSS). Mt b sc kh sau tng i
nh cho php qu trnh kh nit oxy ha bt k cc cht hu c cn li.
HNH 22.10 Cm kh l cho qu trnh kh nit.

Trong nhng nm 1980, nhiu nh my x l nc thi c nng cp vi cm x l

kim sot sinh vt hnh si [Hnh 22.10 (b)]. Kh nit nc thi trong cc nh my ny th pht
hin vng thiu c kh nit RAS tt khi kim sot cc si.

Bi v methanol t tin v c hi, nn hu ht cc nh my tn dng iu ny. H thm

mt h thng MLR v s dng b thiu kh trc cho qu trnh kh nit [Hnh 22.10 (c)].
Trong cm x l ny, hoc l nc thi th hoc dng thi s cp c s dng nh ngun
carbon cho qu trnh kh nit (SDNR nc thi thng dao ng 0,03-0,12 mg N-NO 3/d.mg
VSS).

Nhn chung, tc kh gim khi nc thi i qua cc vng (b) thiu kh khc v BOD d phn
hy sinh hc trong khu thiu kh dng nc thp t hn nhng dng nc cao. Khi qu trnh
kh nit ph thuc vo s h hp ni sinh phn hy nitrate (tc l khng c ngun carbon
bn ngoi), phm vi SDNR ca n 0,005-0,03 mg N-NO 3 /d.mg VSS (US EPA, 1993). Tc
ny c th p dng khi kh xy ra sau mt b lc nh git hoc trong b thiu kh sau, khng
c thm ngun carbon.

Nhit v pH cng nh hng n tc kh nit, nhng thng s quan trng nht l oxy
phn t. Nhn vin nh my x l nn gim thiu nng oxy phn t trong nc thi. Cc b
trong cm x l nn chn kch thc thc y t l F/M cao v MLR c th cn trong cc b
th hai hoc th ba trnh tnh trng qu ti oxy.

C mt gii hn thc t kh nit. Loi b nitrat l chc nng trong c hai vng hiu kh
(PNOx) v trong nc thi th cp (NOX2EFF). Tng MLR gim NOX l vn quy lut tun
hon gim dn. Khi lng ca nitrate sinh ra phi bng khi lng ca nitrate nc thi kt
hp vi dng chy ca nh my nc thi (Q), MLR v RAS dng chy (Equation 22,15):

Trong :
Mr = MLR/Q and
Rr = RAS/Q.
V vy, cc nh my x l c minh ha trong hnh 22.11, vi Rr =0.5, 25 mg/L nitrate v Mr
= 1.0 (MLR=Q), th kt qu nng nitrate dng thi khong 11 mg/L. Nu gii hn nitrate
dng thi l 5 mg/L, th Mr cn phi l 3,5 (tc l 350% ca dng chy n cc nh my x l)
t c gii hn ny. Khi gii hn nitrate dng thi l t hn 5 mg/L, mt cm thiu kh sau
c th l cn thit t c cc gii hn m khng c Mr l qu ln.

Hnh 22.11 nh hng ca tc MLR vi nitrate.

Ti liu 93. Quy trnh thng dng loi b nito

Thng s vn hnh ti u cho qu trnh loi b nit l c trng ca nh my, nhng cc thng
s thng c s dng cho thit k vn hnh c c lit k trong Bng 22.3. Nhng u
im v hn ch ca qu trnh loi b nit c lit k trong Bng 22.4 (Metcalf v Eddy, Inc.,
2003). M t cc qu trnh loi b nit bn di.

Bng 22.3 Cc thng s c trng cho qu trnh loi b nit

Qu trnh MCRT MLSS HRT (gi) RAS MLR
 Tng
(ngy) (mg/L) h Ax Zone Ox Zone (% of Q) (% of Q)
thng
3,000
MLE 720 515 13 412 50100 100200
4,000
3,000 C th thay C th thay
SBR 1030 2030
5,000 i i
13
(giai 412
on u (giai
Bardenpho 3,000 tin) on th 2)
1020 820
4 giai on 4,000 24 0.51
(giai (giai
on th on th 4)
ba)
Mng oxy 2,000 C th thay C th thay
2030 1830 50100
ha 4,000 i i
Anoxic Step 2,000
720 412 0.52 3.510 3075
Feed 6,000

Bng22.4 u im v hn ch ca qu trnh loi b nit

u im Hn ch
Tit ki m
nng lng; BOD c
loi b trc giai on hiu kh
Alkalinity c sinh ra trc qu
Chung
trnh nitrat ha
Thit k bao gm m t SVI
selector
Kh nng loi b ni t l
Rt ph hp vi qu trnh bn
hot ng ca vng tun
hot tnh hi n c
hon bn trong
Tim n vn pht trin
MLE C th t c 5 n 8 mg/L TN
ca Nocardia.

Yu cu kim sot oxy ha

tan trc khi tun hon
Step Feed Kh nng loi b ni t l
Thch nghi vi qu trnh bn
hot ng ca s phn phi
hot tnh step-feed
dng chy
Vi vng tun hon bn Nhiu hot ng phc tp
trong nng ni t c th nh hn so vi mLE; yu cu
 kim sot phn chia dng
chy v n hnh ti u
hn 5 mg/L
Tim n vn pht trin
ca Nocardia.
Yu cu kim sot oxy ha
C th t c 5 n 8 mg/L TN
tan cho mi vng hiu kh
n v d phng th cn
thit cho hot ng n
Qu trnh linh hot v d v n nh tr khi h thng cp
hnh kh c th duy tr m khng
c b hiu kh

B phn ng theo me
Rn l lng khng th c lm
sch bng thy lc v dng nc
cn bng cung cp. Lng tnh
cung cp nng TSS thp
Thit k quy trnh nc thi
phc tp ph thuc vo
hot ng rt nc
C th iu ha cn bng
5-8 mg/L TN t c nc x thi trc khi lc
v kh trng
5-8 mg/L TN t c t linh hot hn SBR
Batch Decant Rn l lng khng th c lm Cht lng nc thi ph
sch bng thy lc thc hot ng rt nc
Nng nito c th t c t Yu cu th tch phn ng
hn ln
Bardenpho (4-stage) 3 mg/L
B thiu kh th hai c hiu
qu thp
Loi b nito th lin quan
Th tch ln c th chu c bin n k nng ca nhn vin
ng nc thi m khng lm nh vn hnh v phng php
Mng oxy ha hng n cht lng nc thi kim sot

Loi b tt nito; c th t hn
10 mg/L TN
 C th t nng nito thp hn Chi ph vn hnh cao v x
3 mg/L thi methanol
Hu hiu kh thm
C th kt hp vi lc nc thi
cacbon
Cn thit kim
sot Methanol
Nng nito thp c th (3mg/L Th tch phn ng ln
Kt hp nitrat ha v thp hn gii hn) Yu cu k nng vn hnh
kh nit C th tit kim nng lng ng Cn thit c h thng iu
k khin qu trnh
Qu trnh c th a vo h thng
hin ti m khng cn xy mi
Kim sot SVI nng cao
Sn xut kim

Qua trnh LudzackEttinger.

Trong nhng nm 1960 v 1970, cc k s thc hin mt s thay i i vi qu trnh bn hot

tnh truyn thng ci thin loi b nit.

V d, cc nh nghin cu Ludzack v Ettinger pht trin mt phin bn trong RAS v

dng chy th cp c kt hp trong mt vng thiu kh theo sau bi mt vng hiu kh [Hnh
22.12 (a)]. Nitrate sinh ra trong vng hiu kh c tun hon li vng thiu kh qua RAS cho
qu trnh kh nit.

Hnh 22.12 (a) Qu trnh tin thiu kh (sinh trng l lng).

V vng thiu kh ch c ngun nitrate l RAS, kh b gii hn bi lu lng dng chy RAS.
Nu NOX dng chy n l 20 mg/L, th nng nitrate thi s l 15 mg/L, 13 mg/L hoc 10
mg/L ph thuc vo tc dng chy tun hon RAS tng ng l 0.3, 0.5 hoc 1.0. V vy,
qu trnh ny ch thch hp cho qu trnh kh nit nu gii hn nitrat l t do hoc dng RAS
cao c th c duy tr.

Qua trnh LudzackEttinger cai tin.

S khc bit gia qu trnh Ludzack-Ettinger ci tin (MLE) v qu trnh Ludzack-Ettinger

(LE) l qu trnh MLE tun hon hn hp bay hi t vng hiu kh n vng thiu kh [Hnh
22.12 (b)]. Dng chy hn hp bay hi c th tng ng 100-300% dng chy th cp, ty
thuc vo lng kh nit c mong mun. Nng nitrate thi thng khong 4-7 mg/L.

Hnh 22.12 (b) Qu trnh pre-anoxic (sinh trng l lng).

My bm hn hp dung dch c th tng i nh, v khong cch ngn v ng ng vn

chuyn ln thng dn n bm thp hn 0,9 m (3 ft). N cng c th ging nh mt ci qut
hn l cc my bm ly tm thng c s dng ti cc c s x l nc thi.

Thit k ny [Hnh 22.12 (b)] l nn tng ca nhiu qu trnh BNR khc, bao gm c s dng
cho BPR, v vy qu trnh MLE s c cp n trong nhiu qu trnh sinh trng l lng.
Mc d hnh 22.12 cho thy cm thiu kh (hoc k kh) ch l mt b phn ng, n c th bao
gm hai hoc nhiu b, khu vc hoc ngn trong dy chuyn. Nu nc thi c tun hon
cho kh nit, th MLR thng c chuyn cho cc b th hai hoc th ba trong cm x l
thiu kh gim thiu lng oxy ha tan trong ngn u tin, do tt hn nn kim sot vi
khun dng si v cung cp cc iu kin ti u cho sinh vt Acinetobacter.

Qua trnh Bardenpho bn giai on

Qu trnh Bardenpho bn giai on l mt qu trnh MLE vi vng thiu kh v hiu kh l

lng [Hnh 22.12(c)]. Pht trin bi James Barnard, qu trnh ny ban u c s dng cho c
qu trnh kh nit v BPR. (Tn qu trnh th c ghp bi ba ch ci u tin ca tn ca nh
pht minh vi den trong denitrification v pht pho.) Ngun carbon ban u ch yu l axit
acetic hoc methanol, nhng mi sau ny- qu trnh MLE tng cng mi s dng nc thi
thay th v c thit lp vi qu trnh kh nit (cn hn loi b pht pho) l mc tiu chnh.
C hai qu trnh c th t c nng nitrate thi t hn 3 mg/L.
Hnh 22.12(c) Qu trnh tin thiu kh sinh trng l lng.

Qu trnh thiu kh cp theo giai on. Khu thiu oxy c th c thit lp trong qu trnh cp
tng giai on thng thng tng nng hn hp bay hi trong giai on u, kt qu l
mt qu trnh BNR 4 bc cung cp giai on vi 30-40% MCRT di hn so vi mt dng chy
c van thng thng [Hnh 22,12 (d)]. Nu cc ngn thiu kh v hiu kh c cng kch thc
nh nhau, th mt h thng bn giai on cn c mt t l dng chy n khong 15:35:30:20%
nn F/M s nh nhau trong mi giai on. Mi giai on cn phi kim sot dng nc ln
xung ca ring mi ngn. Cc dng chy vo giai on cui cng l quan trng bi v nitrate
s khng b gim. V vy, qu trnh thiu kh cung cp giai on l s dng tt nht khi
gii hn nitrate thi l hn 6-8 mg/L.

Hnh 22.12(d) Qu trnh tin thiu kh sinh trng l lng.

B phan ng theo me

Mt b SBR thng thng, c thit k loi b cBOD, bao gm bn giai on (pha): lm

y, phn ng, lng v rt nc (hnh 22.13). kh nit nc thi, pha lm y nn c
iu chnh lm y xo trn, trong dng vo c xo trn (nhng khng sc kh). Ti
iu kin c gii hn nitrate thi t hn 5 mg/L, mt pha thiu kh th hai c th c thm vo
sau chu k phn ng v mt ngun carbon (v d, methanol) c th thm vo tng cng qu
trnh kh nit trc pha lng v rt nc.

Kt qu x l
Hnh 22.13 Qu trnh b phn ng theo me

Mng oxy ha

Mng oxy ha thng c kch thc da trn MCRTs hiu kh di (20-25 ngy), nn lng d
tha c sn cho qu trnh kh nit (Hnh 22.14). iu ny thng t c bng cch tt mt
hoc nhiu cnh qut sc kh to ra mt vng thiu kh [Hnh 22.14 (a) v (b)]. Bi v
SDNRs thp, vng cn phi ln cung cp thi gian thiu kh cn thit.

Mt cch khc chu k sc kh bng cch tt cc thit b sc kh t nht hai ln mt ngy

[Hnh 22.14 (c)]. My trn duy tr s tun hon trong mng trong sut pha thiu kh. Mt bin
th ca sc kh theo chu k, gi l qu trnh Nitrox , bao gm vic s dng ORP kim
sot.
Hnh 22.14 Qu trnh mng oxy ha

Vn th ba l giai on hot ng ca mng [Hnh 22.14 (d)]. Trong qu trnh ny, hai
mng oxy ha c vn hnh trong mt chui hng lot v dng chy th cp c lun
phin bm vo chng. Khi nc i vo mng, thit b sc kh ca n c tt v cc phn ng
tr nn thiu oxy. My trn ngp duy tr tun hon. Sau mt khong thi gian (thng l 1-2
gi), dng nc vo s c chuyn n cc mng th hai. Ti thi im chuyn i, cc
thit b sc kh c bt ln trong mng u tin, lm cho n c oxy v cc thit b sc kh
trong mng th hai c tt. Chu k ny tip tc, cho php cc giai on sc kh v lm y
thiu kh xy ra. Mt bin th ca hot ng theo tng giai on mng, c gi l qu trnh
Bio-denitro , s dng bn giai on tng cng qu trnh oxy ha v kh nit (Stensel v
Coleman, 2000).

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