Strength of Materials I 55

3








3.1

dial gauge (
3.2) strain gauge ( 3.3)

3.1

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56 Strength of Materials I

3.2 dial gauge

3.3 (strain gauge)

3.4 strain gauge

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Strength of Materials I 57

3.1



P

A




L
3.5

3.5

1) (elastic behavior)
1
(proportional
limit)
(yield point)

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58 Strength of Materials I

2 (elastic limit)



2) (plastic behavior)
2 - 4
(yield stress)
( ) yielding
strain hardening ( 3)
(necking) 3.6
() (ultimate stress)


3.7 (true fracture stress)
( )
(fracture stress)

3.6 (necking)

3.7

3.8

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Streength of Matterials I 59

3.8





0.0002

3.9

3.9 offfset

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2
60 Strength of Materials I

3.2
2

3.2.1 (ductile materials)

1) (percent elongation)

100%

(mild steel) = 38%

2) (percent reduction in area)

100%

(mild steel) = 60%

3.2.2 (brittle materials)

(yielding)
(cast steel)
3.10
0.0028 0.28%

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Streength of Matterials I 61

3.10



methacrylate plastic

3.11
3

3.11
methhacrylate plaastic

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2
62 Strength of Materials I

3.3 (Hookes law)

(proportional limit)
Robert Hooke


E
E (modulus of elasticity) Youngs modulus
E

E 3.12 29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa)

3.12

3.4
3. A
A O (
O)

O A
OA OA

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Streength of Matterials I 63

3.

3.5 (strain ennergy)

(intternal work) =

3.13

F xx y

L z

0 F



F 1
U z
x y z xx y z
2 2 2

Dr. Nuttawut Thhanasisathit [CE-KMUTNNB] Print : 221-Jun-13 20:03

2
64 Strength of Materials I

(V)
(strain energy density)

U x y z
u 2
V x y z 2



u
2E

3.13

2
1) Modulus of resilience (u )
()

u
2E
Modulus of resilience
3.14

3.14 modulus of resilience

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Streength of Matterials I 65

2) Moddulus of touughness (u )




3.15

3.15 modulus of
o toughnesss

streess-strain curve c
moddulus of
elassticity, yield stress, ultim
mate stress, fracture streess

Dr. Nuttawut Thhanasisathit [CE-KMUTNNB] Print : 221-Jun-13 20:03

2
66 Strenggth of Materiials I

modulus of elasticcity

( E)

yield strength
s

straain = 0.2% 0.002

E
A
A
68ksi
ultim
mate stress
B
108ksi
fractture stress
C
90 ksi

1)
(permanennt strain)

600 MPa
2) Moduluss of resiliencce

Dr. Nutttawut Thanaasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-JJun-13 20:033

Strength of Materials I 67

1)
A B (
) 0.023 mm/mm
BC (
OA
)
OC
E

CBD CD

OC

2)
Modulus of resilience

J 1 J = 1 N-m

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

68 Strength of Materials I

stress-strain curve ( E = 70 GPa)

AB

BC
0.045

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

Streength of Matterials I 69

3.6 (Poissons ratio)

3.16




()




3.17









r



L

0.25 0.35

0.25
0 0.300 00.20
0.5

3.16

(

)

Dr. Nuttawut Thhanasisathit [CE-KMUTNNB] Print : 221-Jun-13 20:03

2
70 Strength of Materials I

3.17

A-36 ( E = 200 GPa, Poissons ratio = 0.32) 80

kN

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Streength of Matterials I 71

Poissons ratio

3.7


(pure shear)) 3.118 3.19

3.18

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2
72 Strength of Materials I

3.19

V

A


3.19

3.20

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Strength of Materials I 73

shear modulus of elasticity
modulus of rigidity G
G

modulus of elasticity (E), shear modulus of elasticity (G)

poissons ratio ()
E
G
2 1

E G

A-36 E=200 GPa, G = 76 GPa = 0.32

1) shear modulus, proportional limit ultimate stress
2) d V

1)
shear modulus O

proportional limit
52 ksi

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

74 Strength of Materials I

ultimate
73ksi

2)

0.008
d

52 ksi
V

25 mm
(gauge length) 250 mm 165 kN
1.20 mm
1) elastic modulus
2)

G = 26 GPa = 440 MPa

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

Strength of Materials I 75

1)

440
E

2)
poissons ratio E G

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

76 Strength of Materials I

3.8 (creep)



3.21
1% 1000 1200

3.21

1200 F 1 %

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Strength of Materials I 77

3.9 (fatigue)
( 100,000 )


0



3.22
endurance limit

3.22

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78 Strength of Materials I

3.10
1) AC A
40 mm C
80 mm stress-strain diagram

) P = 80 kN AC ( 0.708 )
) P ( P = 125.66 kN)
2)
Dia. = 0.75 in shear stress-strain diagram
poissions ratio = 0.3

) modulus of elasticity, E ( E = 28600 ksi)

) P ( P = 53.0 kips)

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03

Strength of Materials I 79

3) A, B C
30x20 mm G = 0.20 MPa

) A 5 N ( 0.833 mm)
4) 8 kips 1.5 in
1.500132 in E = 10000 ksi

) poissons ratio ( 0.330)

) 2 in ( 2.000176 in)

Dr. Nuttawut Thanasisathit [CE-KMUTNB] Print : 21-Jun-13 20:03