1.

ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and calculator)

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(data bus)
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16. :
rom (read only memory) -

ram (random access memory) -
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17. .. 1 0 (b).
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3. - (Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME (Millennium),
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6. - .
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- - (Paint, Photoshop, Corel Draw)
- (PowerPoint, Impress, FrontPage, Flash, Dreamweaver)
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3. ,
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( format paragraph)
4. - Format styles and formatting.
- formatting in use
- available styles
- available formatting
- all styles
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7
5. : Format styles and formatting, modify
6. : Format styles and formatting, Style for Following
Paragraph
7. : Format styles and formatting, new style.
8. : Format styles and formatting, Heading 1 ,
Heading 2 ..
9. : Insert reference index and tables, index, mark entry,
cross reference see, mark all
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index. .
10. (templat) ,
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MS Word/Writer .
Normal/
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11.

12. (fields)
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13. Ms Word .dotx (. dot)
Templates.
14. :
File - new
Templates New document.
:
Templates on office online
On my computer
On my websites
15. :
. . file name
. save as type: document template .dot.
16. :
- . Forms.
view toolbars forms.

Drop
down

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 file name . save as type: document
template .dot.
.
17.
- tools letters and mailing mail merge
- My data sources .mdb.
18. - Save as:
Tools ( Save);
General Options, Password to Open
;
Password to Modify

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14. (run- time errors)
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17. - FileNew Project, Console Application, Go.
18. - FileNewFile, New from template, Files,
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19. .
BuildBuild ( Ctrl + F9).
20. BuildRun ( Ctrl + F10)

21. (buggs),
C++

(debugging)
22. #

23. iostream
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24. using namespace std;
std, standard.
25. main C++ .
main { }.
;. return 0;

26. e , , . :
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27. - .
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28.

29. - (+, -, *, /, =, %, ++, --, &&, ||, +=,*=)
30. - // .
/* */.

10
31. -
. C++

32. cout () ,
33. <<
34. .
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35.
() .
36. C++ :
- (+) ,
- (-) ,
- (*) ,
- (/)
- (%)
37.
38.
39. (=).
40. =+1 , +1= - .

41. :
- char -

C++
- int -
- bool -
- float -
- double -
42. : tip imenapromenliva [imenapromenliva];
.
int a; a
float broj; broj
char bukva; bukva
int b,c,d; 3 b, c d
43. -
. int a;
a = 5;
:
int a = 5;
44. .
const. .:
const float DDV = 0.18;
const float BRZINA_NA_SVETLINATA = 2.997925e8;
45.cin , .
46. >>
.

11
 .

cin>>x;
x.

cin>>a>>b;
.
cin>>a>>b; cin>>a; cin>>b;
47.
cin cout
.
48. - float kolicnik = 5/2;
49. - +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, ++, --
.

a*=5 a=a*5
a/=5-b a=a/(5-b)
a*=(b-c)+5 a=a*((b-c)+5))
.

a++

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1,

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C++

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1 1,
--a

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5 ++ 6 6
5 ++ 5 6
5 -- 4 4
5 -- 6 4

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a*=5 a=a*5
a/=5-b a=a/(5-b)
a*=(b-c)+5 a=a*((b-c)+5))

. !

12
 ) a = a-9; ) x = x/(y+1); ) a=a*((b-c)+5));

b
?
) a = 1; ) a = 1;
b = ++a + 5; b = a++ + 5;

s
:
s=0;
if (a>0) s=s+a;
if (b>0) s=s+b;
) a=5, b=3 ) a=-5, b= 3 ) a=-5, b= -3

50. char , . a.
51. string -
52. - , cout
\n.
- , \t.
. :
cout<<Zdravo!\n<<Kako se vikas?;

:
C++

Zdravo!
Kako se vikas?
53.

< <
<=
> >
>=
== =
!=

54.

AND () &&
OR () ||
NOT () !

55. - ;

13
56. - 1 2;
57. - if ,

58. - if
if else.

. a :
float a = 1.56;
if (a < 1)
a = a+1;
else
{
a = a+4;
a = -a+7;
}
59. - switch-case
switch (izraz)
{
case konst_1:
blok_na_iskazi_1;
break;
case konst_2:
blok_na_iskazi_2;
break;
....
case konst_n:
blok_na_iskazi_n;
break;
default:
posledniot_blok_na_iskazi;
}
.

60.
while (uslov)
{
blok_od_iskazi;
}
iskaz_po_ciklusot;
61.
for (pocetna_vrednost; uslov; promena)
{
blok_na_iskazi;
}
62. do while -
.

14
 do
{
blok_od_iskazi;
}
while (uslov);
. ?

) for(int i=0;i<10;i++) ) for(int i=0;i<10;i=i+2)

cout<<i; cout<<i;
) for(int i=0;i<=10;i++) ) for(int i=0;i<=10;i=i+2)
cout<<i; cout<<i;
?
a) int br=0; ) br=0;
for(int a=1;a<=20;a++) for(int a=1;a<=20;)
if (a%2==0) if (a%2==0)
br++; br++;
cout<<br; cout<<br;
?
a) for(int i=10;i>8;i--) ) for(int i=5;i>8;i--)
cout<<Ana; cout<<Ana;

. ?
) cout<<5+5<<endl;
cout<<5/5<<endl;
cout<<(5+5)/2<<endl;
cout<<(5+5)%2<<endl;
cout<<4+5+6<<endl;
) int a=8;
int b=6;
cout<<a<<+<<b<<=<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a<<+<<b<<=<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<Zbirot na broevite a i b e <<a+b<<endl;
cout<<Zbirot na broevite <<a<< i <<b<< e <<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;
) float a=1;
float b=2;
cout<<a<</<<b<<=<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a/b<<*<<2<<=<<(a/b)*2<<endl;

. ?
a) int a=10;
int b=8;
if(a>b)
cout<<a<<endl;

15
 else
cout<<b<<endl;

b) int a=10;
int b=8;
if(a<=b)
cout<<a<<endl;
else
cout<<b<<endl;

c) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a>b)
{
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a-b<<endl;
}
else
cout<<b<<endl;

d) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a<=b)
{
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a-b<<endl;
}
else
cout<<b<<endl;

e) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a<=b)
{
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a-b<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;
}

f) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a>b)

16
 {
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a-b<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;
}

g) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a>b)
{
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a-b<<endl;
}
else
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;

h) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a>b)
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;

i) int a=5;
int b=3;
if(a<b)
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<a/b<<endl;
cout<<a%b<<endl;

. ?
a) int a=0;
switch (a)
{
case 0: cout <<"Ana";break;
case 1: cout <<"Jana";break;
case 2: cout <<"Petar";break;
case 3: cout <<"Andrej";break;
default: cout << "No name";
}

17
b) int a=2;
switch (a)
{
case 0: cout <<"Ana";break;
case 1: cout <<"Jana";break;
case 2: cout <<"Petar";break;
case 3: cout <<"Andrej";break;
default: cout << "No name";
}

c) int a=0;
switch (a)
{
case 0: cout <<"Ana";
case 1: cout <<"Jana";
case 2: cout <<"Petar";
case 3: cout <<"Andrej";
default: cout << "No name";
}

d) int a=2;
switch (a)
{
case 0: cout <<"Ana"<<endl;
case 1: cout <<"Jana"<<endl;
case 2: cout <<"Petar"<<endl;
case 3: cout <<"Andrej"<<endl;
default: cout << "No name"<<endl;
}

. ?
a) int a,b,x,y;
x=0;y=0;
a=2;b=3;
while(a<=b)
{
x=x+a;
y=y+b;
a++;
}
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<y<<endl;

b) int a,b,x,y;
x=0;y=0;

18
 a=3;b=2;
while(a<=b)
{
x=x+a;
y=y+b;
a++;
}
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<y<<endl;

c) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=3;
while(a<=5)
{
s=s+a;
a++;
}
cout<<s<<endl;

d) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=3;
while(a<=5)
{
s=s+a;
a++;
}
cout<<s<<endl;

f) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=2;
while(a<=5)
{
s=s+b;
a++;
}
cout<<s<<endl;
g) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=3;
while(a<=5)
{

19
 s=s+b;
a++;
}
cout<<s<<endl;

h) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=5;
while(a<=5)
{
s=s+b;
a++;
b--;
}
cout<<s<<endl;

. ?
a) int a,b,x,y;
x=0;y=0;
a=2;b=3;
do
{
x=x+a;
y=y+b;
a++;
}while(a<=b);
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<y<<endl;

b) int a,b,x,y;
x=0;y=0;
a=3;b=2;
do
{
x=x+a;
y=y+b;
a++;
}while(a<=b);
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<y<<endl;

c) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=3;
do

20
 {
s=s+a;
a++;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

d) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=3;
do
{
s=s+a;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

e) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=3;
do
{
s=s+a;
a--;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

f) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=2;
do
{
s=s+b;
a++;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

g) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=5;
do
{
s=s+b;
a++;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

21
h) int a,b,s;
s=0;
a=1;
b=5;
do
{
s=s+b;
a++;
b++;
} while(a<=5);
cout<<s<<endl;

. ?
a) int i,s;
s=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
s=s+i;
cout<<s<<endl;

b) int i,s;
s=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
cout<<i<<",";
cout<<endl;

c) int i,a,b;
a=0;b=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
a=a+i;
b=b+i;
}
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<b<<endl;

d) int i,a,b;
a=0;b=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
a=a+i;
b=b+i;
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<b<<endl;

e) int i,a;
a=0;

22
 for(i=5;i>=0;i--)
a=a+i;
cout<<a<<endl;

f) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=10;i>=0;i=i-2)
a=a+i;
cout<<a<<endl;

g) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=0;i<11;i=i+2)
a=a+i;
cout<<a<<endl;

h) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=0;i<11;i=i-2)
a=a+i;
cout<<a<<endl;

i) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
a=a+i;
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<i<<endl;

j) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
cout<<a<<",";
cout<<endl;

k) int i,a;
a=0;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
cout<<a<<",";
cout<<endl;
}

23


1. MS Excel Calc
.
, .
() () .
(,
) .
- A1:B2 : A1, A2, B1 B2.
2. - insert function average ( .1:4)
3. : - insert function sum
4. : insert function min
5. : insert function max
6. edit - fill down (right, up, left, series)
7. = . . =1+1;
8. COUNTA/ -
, ..
9. COUNT/

10. COUNTIF/ , ..
.
11. SUMIF/ , ..

12. IF/
- - Logical_test/ ( . A5>=100) (TRUE)
(FALSE) ,
- Value_if_true/_
,
- Value_if_false/_
.
13. - Insert chart
14. -
, (!)
.
. Uspeh!B5:B10 B5:B10 Uspeh.
15. , .
=A1+B1 C1 5 =C5+D5
16. -
$, $A$1
17. - . . $D2, ,
D(), 2 ().
18. - Data Form.
19. - Find Prev Find Next
20. - Restore

24
21. New
22. Delete
23. - Criteria,
24. - Close.
25. DATA SORT
- - ascending
- descending
26. data filter
27. - data pivot table and pivotChart report
28. ()
- Tools- protection protect sheet .
.
- Tools- protection protect workbook .

1.
.
2.
- LAN (Local Area Networks) -
, .

. .

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network
- () MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks) -
.
( ,
).
- WAN (Wide-Area Networks). -
, .
3.
-
- .
4. -
.
.

.
5. -
.
(hub), (switch).

25
 .
.
6. -
. ,
.
7. - (peer-to-peer, P2P),
,
.
.
(Work- group).
8. -
.
.
-
(NOS Network Operating System).
9. - .

.
. NIC
(Network Interface Card), .
10. - ()
().
.
, . USB
.
11. .
.

.
12. ()
.

.
13. (router) .
.
.
14.
15. (ISP Internet Service Providers) -
.

..
16.
.

.
17. , ARPANet 1969 .

26
18. WWW -
- .
19. WWW
- (Search engine).
20. -
( browser).
21. / TCP/IP - .
, TCP,
. , IP,

IP .
IP

22. - (IP ) - IP

23. IP
DNS (Domain Name System). DNS IP

.
24.
, . www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk.
25. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) -
TCP/IP ,

26. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) -
- . -
HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
- - ,
.
27. -
.
URL (Uniform Resourse Locator).
, , URL
28. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) .
HTTP HTTPS .

.
29. 1.0- , ,
. 1.0, . Hotmail
Yahoo
-. ,
, .
30. 2.0 , -
-
( . online ,
www.myspace.com) ( .

27
 - Picasa -
Youtube). 2.0 ,
, -, - (video sharing
sites), - , ,
(folksonomy) -.
31. online
.
32.

33.
.
34.
35.
36. (tag)
(, , , -
37. (tag cloud)
- .

38. ,

.
,
. - Wikipedia.
39. 3
2.0, . Toj
. .

.
-
.
. (smartphone) .
(cloud) .

.
.
40. (social networks)
. Facebook.
41.
-. (message board)
.
.

28