Modul Perfect Score SBP Fizik SPM 2012 PDF

SBP 2012
PHYSICS
PERFECT SCORE MODULE
SEKOLAH
NAME :...................................................................
CLASS/SCHOOL:.................................................
BERASRAMA PENUH
2012
Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 1

SBP 2012
PHYSICS PERFECT SCORE 2012 PANELS
NOR SAIDAH BT CHE HASSAN (Ketua Penggubal)

Kolej Tunku Kurshiah
JENNYTA BT NOORBI
SMS Tuanku Munawir
JAMILAH YUSOF
Sekolah Seri Puteri
HASLINA BT ISMAIL
SMS Hulu Selangor
KAMARIAH BT MOHD ARSYAD

The Malay College of Kuala Kangsar
JAMALUDIN BIN ABD GHANI

SBPI Batu Rakit
HJH NOR SHIDAH HJ MANSOR

SMS Tengku Mahmud
SURIYATI YUSOFF
SMS Muzaffar Shah
TAN LEE FAH

SMS Miri
ZULAIFAH ZINUDDIN
Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman

SBP 2012
TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION CONSTRUCT/CONTENT Page
Section I Physics Concept / Rules / Principles /Laws 4
Examples of Common Mistakes And

Section II 14
Misconceptions
Section III Construct: Understanding 19
Section IV Construct Decision Making 26
Section V C Construct onceptualisation 40
Section VI Construct (Qualitative) 53
Section VII Problem Solving (Quantitative) 58
Section VIII A Paper 3 Section A 63
Section VIII B Paper 3 Section B 71

SBP 2012
-PHYSICS CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics
What is.. Definition
Base quantities are quantities that cannot be defined in terms

1 Base Quantities
of other base quantities
Derived quantities are quantities that are obtained by

2. Derived Quantities combining base quantities by multiplication, derivition or both
operations
3. Scalar Quantities Scalar quantities are quantities that have only magnitude
Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude

4. Vector Quantities
and direction
The consistency of of a measuring instrument is its ability

5. Consistency register the same reading when a measurement is made
repeatedly
Accuracy is the degree of how close a measurement is to the

6. Accuracy
actual vaue
Sensitivity of an instrument is its ability to detect a small

7. Sensitivity
change in the quantity to be measured
Chapter 2: Force And Motion
1. Speed Speed is the rate of change of distance
2. Velocity Velocity is the rate of change of displacement
Acceleration is the rate of change of change/increase in

3. Acceleration
velocity
4. Deceleration Deceleration is the rate of decrease in velocity
The inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to remain

5. Inertia
its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line
Newtons First Law of Motion states that every object continues

6. Newtons First Law of
in its state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line unless acted
Motion / Law of Inertia
upon by an external force
7. Linear momentum Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity
Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that the total

8. Principle of Conservation
momentum of a system remains unchanged if no external
of Momentum
force acts on the system.
Force is defined as anything that changes the state of rest or

9. Force
motion of an object moving in a straight line

SBP 2012

The acceleration of a body ,a, is directly proportional to the
10. Newtons Second Law net force acting on it, F , and inversely proportional to its mass,
m
11. Impulse Impulse is defined as the change in momentum
12. Impulsive Force Impulsive force is defined as the rate of change of momentum
13. Weight / Force of

Gravity / Gravitational Pulled force towards the centre of the earth
Force
A free-falling object is an object falling under the force of

14. Free-Fall
gravity only
15. Gravitational
The acceleration of objects due to gravity // falling free
Acceleration
The gravitational field is the region around the earth in which
16. Gravitational Field
an object experience a force due to gravitational attraction
17. Resultant Force / Resultant force is a single force that represents the combined
Net Force effect of two or more forces in magnitude and direction
When the forces acting on an object is not balanced, there

must be a net force/unbalanced/resultant force acting on it
18. Unbalanced Forces /
Unbalanced forces produce an acceleration to the object
The object is said to be in a state of equilibrium when the

resulting force acting on the object is zero ( no net force acting
upon it)
19. Forces in Equilibrium /

When the equilibrium is reached, then the object is in two
Balanced Forces
states, that is
(i) remains stationary (if the object is stationary)
(ii) moves at a constant velocity ( if the object is moving) /
zero acceleration
20. Newtons Third Law of Newtons third law of motion states that, To every action there
Motion is an equal but opposite direction
Work is defined as the product of the applied force ,F on the

21. Work object and its displacement, s in the direction of the applied
force
Energy is the ability to do work

22. Energy
(Work done is equal to the amount of energy transferred
23. Gravitational Potential The Gravitational potential energy of an object is the energy
Energy stored in the object due to its position in a force field
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its

24. Kinetic Energy
motion
25. Principle of Conservation

Principle of Conservation of Energy states that
of Energy

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26. Power Power is the amount of work done per second
Efficiency of a device is the percentage of the energy input

27. Efficiency
that is transferred into useful energy
Elasticity is the property of a substance which enables it to

28. Elasticity return to original shape after an applied external force is
removed
Elastic limit of a spring is defined as the maximum force that

29. Elastic Limit can be applied to a spring such that the spring will be able to
restored to its original length when the force is removed
Hookes Law states that the extension of a spring is directly

30. Hookes Law proportional to the applied force provided that the elastic limit
is not exceeded
A spring constant of a spring is the force that is required to

31. Spring Constant /
produce one unit of extension of the spring
Force Constant
(measure of the stiffness of the spring)
Elastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in a spring when it is

32. Elastic Potential Energy
extended or compressed
Chapter 3: Force and Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force acting normally on a unit of

1. Pressure
surface area
The Atmospheric pressure is caused by the the weight of the air

2. Atmospheric Pressure
on the Earths surface
Gas pressure is the force per unit area exerted by the gas
3. Gas Pressure
molecules as they collide with the walls of their container
Pascals principle states that when pressure is applied to an

4. Pascals Principle enclosed fluid, the pressure will be transmitted equally
throughout the whole enclosed fluid
Bouyant Force is an upward force resulting from an object being

5. Bouyant Force
wholly or partially immersed in a fluid
Archimedes Principle states that, When an object is immersed

6. Archimedes Principle in a fluid, the buoyant force on the object is equal in size to the
weight of fluid displaced by the object
Bernoullis principlestatesthat the pressure of a moving liquid

7. Bernoullis Principle
decreases as the speed of the fluid increases and vice versa

SBP 2012
Chapter 4: Heat

Temperature is the degree of hotness of an object /
1. Temperature
Amount of kinetic energy in an object
2. Heat Heat is the energy tranferred from hot to cold object
Two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium when;

i) The rates of heat tansfer between the objects are
3. Thermal Equilibrium equal (net flow of heat between the two objects is
zero)
ii) The objects have the same temperature
Thermometric Property is the physical property of a substance

4. Thermometric Property which is sensitive and varies linearly with changes in temperature
of the material
5. Ice Point (Lower fixed
Ice point is the temperature of pure melting ice
pont)
6. Steam Point (Upper Steam point is the temperature of steam from water that is
fixed point) boiling under standard atmospheric pressure
Heat capacity of a body is the amount of heat that must be

7. Heat Capacity
supplied to increase its temperature by 1 oC
Specific Heat Capacity of a substance is the amount of heat

8. Specific Heat
that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 oC for a
Capacity
mass of 1 kg of the substance
Latent heat is the heat absorbed or heat released at a constant

9. Latent Heat
temperature during a change of phase
Specific Latent Heat of a substance is the amount of heat

10. Specific Latent Heat required to change the phase of 1 kg of the substance at a
constant temperature
Spesific Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to

11. Spesific Latent Heat of
change the phase of 1 kg of the substance from solid to liquid
Fusion
phase at a constant temperature
Spesific Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to

12. Spesific Latent Heat of
change the phase of 1 kg of the substance from liquid to
Vaporisation
gaseous phase at a constant temperature
Boyles Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of
13. Boyles Law the gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the
temperature is kept constant
Charles Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the volume of
14. Charles Law the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when
its pressure is kept constant
Pressure Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of
15. Pressure Law the gas is directly proportional to its absolutev temperature
when the volume is kept constant

SBP 2012
Chapter 5: Light

1. Law of Reflection
i. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in
the same plane
ii. The anle of incidence i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r
AO :Incident ray
ON :Normal
OB :Reflected ray
i :Angle of
incidence
r :Angle of
reflection
Reflection by a concave
mirror Parallel rays that strike the surface of a concave mirror will be
reflected and converge at the focal point, F outside the mirror
Centre of curvature, C of a curved mirror is the centre of the

sphere of the mirror
Radius of curvature. R is the distance between the the centre of

curvature, C and the pole of the mirror
Focal point is the point where parallel rays that strike the surface
of a concave mirror will be reflected and converge at the focal
point
Refraction of light is a light phenomenon which occurs when

2. Refraction of light light passes through two materials of different optical densities,
will change direction at the boundary between them.
Refractive Index, n of the medium is defined as the ratio of the

3. Refractive Index
speed of light in vacuum to the speed if light in the medium
i. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in
4. Law of Refraction and
the same plane
Snells Law
ii. The value of sin i is a constant (Snells Law)
sin r
Critical angle is the angle of incidence in an optically more
5. Critical Angle dense medium which results in angle of refraction of 90 o in an
optically less dense.
The Internal Reflection of light is the phenomenon when the
angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle and the light
not refracted anymore but internally reflected
6. Total Internal
Reflection The conditions for the occurrence of total internal reflection.
(1) The light ray must be travel from an optically denser
medium to less dense medium.
(2) The angle of incidence must be greater than the
critical angle.

SBP 2012
Chapter 6: Waves
Waves are carriers of energy. They transfer energy from one

1. Waves
location to another
Longitudinal Wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in

2. Longitudinal Wave the medium is parallel to the direction of the propagation of the
wave
Transverse Wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in

3. Transverse Wave the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of
the wave
4. Wavefront In waves, lines joining all the points of the same phase
Wavelength of a wave is the distance between two adjacent

5. Wavelength
points of the same phase on a wave
Amplitude is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium

6. Amplitude
position
Frequency of a wave is the number of waves produced by a

7. Frequency
source in one second
The speed of the wave is the measurement of how fast a crest is

8. Wave speed
moving from its fixed point
The period of a wave is the time taken for an oscillation to

9. Period
complete one cycle
Forced Oscillation is the external force supplies energy to the

10. Forced Oscillation
system
Natural Frequency is the frequency of a system which oscillate

11. Natural Frequency
freely without the action of an external force
Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a

12. Resonance frequency equivalent to its natural frequency by an external
force
Diffraction of waves is the spreading of waves around corners

13. Diffraction and edges as waves pass through an opening or around an
obstacle along their paths
Coherent Waves are waves that have same frequency and

14. Coherent Waves
wavelength and in phase
15. Monochromatic Light Monochromatic Light is light with one colour/wavelength
16. Principle of Principle of Superposition states that when two waves interfered,
Superposition of the resulting displacement of the medium at any point is the
Waves algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves
17. Constructive Constructive interference occurs when a crest meets acrest and
interference when a trough meets a trough

SBP 2012
18. Destructive Destructive interference occurs when crests suoerposed with

interference troughs
Antinodal lines are lines joining places of constructive

19. Antinodal lines
interference
20. Nodal lines Nodal lines are line joining the places of destructive interference
Chapter 7: Electricity
Electric field is a region around a charged object which any

1. Electric Field
other charged body experience a force
Potential Difference, V between two points in a circuit is defined

2. Potential Difference as the amount of work done when a coulomb of charge passes
from one point to the other point
Ohms Law states that the current that passes through an ohmic
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
3. Ohms Law
applied accross it if the temperature and other physical
conditions are constant
Resistance, R of a conductor is the ratio of the potential

4. Resistance
difference, V to the current, I
5. Electromotive Force Electromotive Force (e.m.f) is defined as the work done by the
(e.m.f) source to move a coulomb of charge around a complete circuit
The internal resistance ,r is the resistance within a cell due to its

6. Internal Resistance
electrolyte and electrodes or source of electricity.
Chapter 8: Electromagnetism

Ferromagnetic materials are the materials attracted to the
1. Ferromagnetic
magnet. The examples of the ferromagnetic materials such as
materials
iron, nickel and cobalt
An electromagnet is a device in which magnetism is produced

2. Electromagnet by an electric current.
An electromagnet acts as a temporary magnet
A magnetic field is a region in which a magnetic material

3. Magnetic field experiences a force as the result of the present of a magnet or
a electromagnet

SBP 2012
4. The right -hand grip

rule. If a solenoid carrying a current is gripped with the right hand
and with the thumb pointing along the solenoid so that the
fingers curling round the solenoid in the direction of the current
and the thumb then points towards the north pole.
Flemings Left-hand Rule.
5. Flemings Left-hand
Rule.
Flemings Left-hand Rule states If the thumb, first finger

(forefinger)and second finger of the left hand are held at right
angles to each other, then if the first finger (forefinger)represents
the direction of the magnetic field and the second represents
the direction of the current, then the thumb will represents the
direction of the motion
Catapult field are the combinations field between
6. Catapult Field
(a) the magnetic field produced by the current and
(Resultant field)
magnetic field of the permanent magnet occurred.
Or
(b) the magnetic field produced by two current carrying
conductors are placed close to each other
Electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current
7. Electromagnetic
or induced e.m.f. without using the power supplies but using the
induction
relative motion between a conductor or a magnet
Faradays law state that The magnitude of the induced
current or induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of
8. Faradays law
change of magnetic flux linkage with the solenoid or the rate at
which a conductor cuts through the magnetic flux.
Lenzs law state that The direction of an induced current

9. Lenzs law always flows in such as a direction so to oppose the change
which is causing it.

SBP 2012

To determine the direction of the induced current in the
dynamo Flemings Right-hand rule
10. Flemings Right-hand

rule
Flemings Right-hand Rule states If the thumb, first finger

(forefinger)and second finger of the right hand are held at right
angles to each other, then if the first finger (forefinger)represents
the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb represents
the direction of the motion of the conductor , then the
second finger will represents the direction of the induced
current

SBP 2012
Chapter 9: Electronics

The emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal or
heated metal cathode.
1. Thermionic Emission
The thermionic emission is a bit like electrons being evaporated
off from the hot wire
Cathode ray is a narrow beam of a fast electrons moving in a

2. Cathode Ray
vacuum
3. Semiconductor Semiconductors are materials which conduct electricity better

Materials than insulator, but no so well as ordinary conductors
Doping is a process of adding a small amount of impurities into

4. Doping
the pure crystal of semiconductor (intrinsic semiconductor)
A rectifier converts alternating current(a.c.) into direct

current(d.c).
5. Rectifier
The process of converting a.c. to d.c. is called rectification
A transistor is a semiconductor device capable of amplification

6. Transistor in addition to rectification.
An electronic circuit with a single output and one or more inputs

7. Logic Gate
Chapter 10: Radioactivity

Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes which decay and give out
1. Radioisotope
radioactive emissions
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable

2. Radioactivity nucleus into a more stable nucleus accompanied by the
emission of energetic particles (radioactive rays) or photons
4
3. - particles : Helium nucleus or 2 He
0
4. - particles : Fast moving electrons or 1 e
5. -rays Electromagnetic waves
The half-life of a radioactive material is the time taken for the

6. The half-life
activity of radioactive fall to half its original activity
Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter

7. Nuclear fission nuclei, which subsequently emit either two or three neutrons and
release of large amounts of energy
Nuclear fusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a

8. Nuclear fusion
heavier nucleus with the release of large amount of energy.

SBP 2012
SECTION II - COMMON MISTAKES AND MISCONCEPTIONS
A. Common Mistakes
1. Problem Solving (Quantitative) the answer given:
i. FRACTION FORM
ii. without UNIT
2. Careless mistakes:
Example: Convert minute into hour - 30 minutes = 30 x 60 = 1800 hours
3. Conceptual question:
i. Giving the reason:
E.g. : The horizontal distance of the water spurting out in Diagram (b) is greater
because.....
ii. Giving the value when comparing two situations:

E.g. The boiling points of water is 100oC whereas the boiling point of
methylated spirit is 80oC
4. Understanding Question - Not systematic in explanation

5. Explanation without diagram / symbol / formula / graph.
6. Use the reason given in the question
7. Light topic; Draw the ray diagram without arrow
8. Cannot distinguish between Physical Quantity, Physics Instrument and Physics Unit
Examples:
Physical Quantity Physical quantity measured Physics Unit and symbol
Stop watch
voltmeter
thermometer
Bourdon gauge
Ammeter
9. Wrong Physics Term / Definition / Concept (Base on SBP Physics Trial Exams)
Examples:
Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer
[The type of energy

when the object is at P]
................................ Potential
a Energy
Potential energy

SBP 2012
Force acting on surface

area
Force/area .................................. force acting

b Pressure
on ...................... of surface area
A product of depth, density
and gravitational
acceleration
Pascals principle In a close container, force is In a close container......................

c
transmitted equally .........................................................
Heat absorbed to change
Latent heat of
d Heat absorbed to change .................... of liquid to gas
vaporization
by 1oC without ............................................
.........................................................
e Transfer from hot body to

Temperature
cold body
[Physics phenomena in
a prism]
....................................................
f Reflection
Critical angle is the ................

Critical angle is when the
.............. in ............................r
refracted angle is 90o
medium which produces when
g Critical angle Critical angle is the incident
the ................................. angle in
angle when the reflected
................................ medium is
angle is 90o
.........................
The image that formed The image that ..............................

h Virtual image
behind the lens ........................................................
The light that .................................

i Monochromatic light A colour of one light
.........................................................
..
Maximum point of the ....................................... of any
j Amplitude
highest displacement particle/oscillating system from
its ...

SBP 2012
The . for
k Period One complete oscillation any particle to make
.oscillation
...................................................
1000 W of energy is supplied ..................................................
Specification:
l when the power supplied is when connected to a .............
240 V, 1000 W
240 V. .......................... of .....................
..........................
When the current flow A .............................. which can

through magnet produce .......................................
j electromagnet
Is a combination of electric when ..............................................
and magnetic field .........................................................
k Beta particles Negative charge ................................ electron

SBP 2012
B. Misconceptians
Examples:
Num Misconceptions Correction
Oil is used in hydraulic jack because it has

1
higher boiling point
Snells law state that:
The sine of incident

2
angle Refractive
=
The sine of refracted index
angle
Container A Container B
water
The force exerted at X > the force exerted at Y

because smaller surface area (P = F /A)
To increase the efficiency of ac/dc

GENERATOR:
- Use more number of turns to produce
stronger magnetic field
The ship can float in sea water because the

buoyant force is bigger than the weight of the
ship

SBP 2012
C. Paper 3
1. Data Tabulation
Title - no unit
Content- not consistent
Example:
Common Mistake Correct Answer
Electric Current Voltage
0.1 0.5
0.12 1
0.14 1.5
2. Graph:
Label - x-axis & y-axis : no unit

Scale - Not uniform, odd
Plotting (x @ )- too small or too big
Line - not smooth, not balance
Size - small [< (8 cm x 8 cm)]
3. Gradient of the graph
Triangle - small [ < (8 cm x 8 cm)]

Final answer - no unit,
Written in fraction
4. Calculation
Final answer - no unit
written in fraction
5. Procedure
Repeat the experiment three times

Should state:
What:....
How : ...
6. Precaution
Avoid parallax error
Should state: What:
How :

SBP 2012
SECTION III UNDERSTANDING - (Paper 2 Section B and C )
Question 1 [ Introduction to Physics ]

Explain the meaning of consistency and accuracy of a measuring instrument by using suitable examples
[ 4 marks ]
Question 2 [Forces and Motion]

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain the working principle of the rocket.
[4 marks]
Question 3 [Forces and Motion

Spring is widely used in suspension system of vehicles such as car and motorcycle. This is because of the
elasticity of the spring. Diagram below shows how a spring is used in suspension system of a car.
(i) What is meant by elasticity?

(ii) Explain how the forces between the molecules caused the elasticity when the spring is
compressed and stretched.
[4 marks]
Question 4 [Forces and Motion]
Diagram 4 shows a hovercraft starts from rest and accelerates until it achieves constant velocity after a
few seconds.
Diagram 4
(i) Sketch a velocity-time graph to show the motion of hovercraft.
(ii) Explain why the hovercraft moves with constant velocity in terms of the force acting on it
[4 marks]
Question 5 [Forces and Pressure]

Explain why the atmospheric pressure at higher altitude is lower compared to places at lower altitude.
[4 marks]

SBP 2012

Diagram shows a suction pump being used to lift a mirror that measured 1.5 m X 0.5 m X 0.01m . The
density of the mirror is 2.5 X 10 3 kg m-3 . The pump obeys atmospheric pressure principle to let the suction
pump stick onto surface of mirror.
Diagram 6
Explain how the suction pump can lift the mirror with the aid of atmospheric pressure.
[4 marks]
Diagram
(i) State Archimedes principle.
. [1 mark]
(ii) Explain why a weather balloon that is rising up in the air will stop at certain altitude
[4 marks]

SBP 2012

(a) Diagram shows a hydrometer.
Diagram
A hydrometer is used to measure density of liquid. Explain how a hydrometer functions.
[4 marks]
Question 9 [Heat]
(i) What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium? [1mark]

(ii) Explain, in terms of thermal equilibrium, how a thermometer which is placed into the boiling water reads
at the temperature of 100 C.
[4marks]
Question 10 [Heat]
Using kinetic theory of gaseous, explain how the pressure increase when the temperature increase.
[4 marks]
Question 11 [Heat]
Diagram shows the phenomenon of sea breeze.
Diagram
Using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain how the phenomenon of sea breeze occurs.
[4 marks]

SBP 2012
Question 12 [Light]
Diagram shows the superior mirage which occurs over cold water surface and snow.
Warm air Image of ship
Cool air
ship
Using physics concepts, explain why the observer can only see the image of the ship.
[4 marks]
Question 13 [Light]
Explain why a piece of paper burns when placed under a convex lens aimed towards hot sun rays.
[4 marks]
Question 14 [Waves]
Sonar technique can be used to determine the distance between two positions. Ultrasonic wave is used
in this technique.
(i) What is sonar?
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain why using ultrasonic wave is better than just ordinary sound waves.
[ 2 marks ]
(iii) A marine researcher wants to use ultrasonic sound to determine the depth of the ocean bed.
Explain how he can do so.
[ 4 marks ]
Question 15 [Waves]
Explain why strong double-glazed glass is used as walls of the observation tower in an airport.
[4 marks]

SBP 2012
Question 17 [Electricity]
Explain the advantages of parallel circuit in a house wiring system
[4 marks]
Explain why the bulb connected to two dry cells lights up brighter than one bulb connected to one dry
cell.
[4 marks]
Question 19 [Electromagnetism]
Explain what happens to magnet P and magnet Q when the switch is on.
[4 marks]
Diagram shows a simple direct current electric motor.
Using the concept of the magnetic effect of an electric current, explain with the aid of diagrams how
forces are produced on a wire in the coil, as shown in the diagram above.
Diagram shows a circuit breaker. Explain how the circuit breaker works.
[ 4marks]

SBP 2012
(i) What is meant by ideal transformer?
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Explain the working principle of a transformer.
[ 4 marks ]
Diagram shows the model of an electricity transmission system.
Transmission wire at 24 V a.c
Power stationn
Industry at 8 V a.c
House at 6 V a.c
Most of the electric energy that we are using come from hydroelectric and thermal power station. This
power station is connected to each other using cable to transmit electric energy to industries, office,
school and house. This system called National grid network.
State the form of energy transfer at hydroelectric power station.
Explain the importance of National grid network system in electricity transmission to consumers.

SBP 2012
Question 24 [Electronic]
Diagram shows a Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope.
Explain how the Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope can be used to measure the potential difference of a dry cell.
[ 4marks ]
Question 25 [Radioactivity]
Radioisotope Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness of paper in a paper industry .Explain how
Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness piece of paper?
[4 marks]
Radioisotopes can be used as tracers to detect leaks from pipes underground. Diagram 12.1 shows a leak
that occurred in an underground water pipe.
(a) What is meant by radioisotopes?

[ 1 mark ]
(b) With the aid of diagram, explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect the location of the
leakage as shown in Diagram.
[ 3 marks ]
The following equation shows a fission reaction of Uranium-235.
Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.

Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235.
[4 marks]

SBP 2012
SECTION IV DECISION MAKING (Paper 2 Section A Question 8; Section C )
Question 1 [Force and Pressure]

Table 1 shows the characteristics of four structures of ship P, Q, R, and S.
Volume of the air

Structure of Strength Of the Ship Base Cross
Shape space in the ship
ships metal used section area
U Streamlined High Wide High
V Oval Low Wide High
W Circle High Small Low
X Streamlined Low Small Low
Table 1
As a researcher in a ship manufacturing company, you are assigned to study the structure used to make
the ship to support heavy cargoes.
You are given four choices of the structures P, Q, R and S. The table above shows the structures of the ship.
Explain the suitable characteristics of the structure to be used to make the ship.
Determine the most suitable structure to be used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.
Give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks]

At National Water Rocket competition, the winner is supposed to design a water rocket which can be
launched to a higher altitude, further distance and take the longest time to land.
You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the water rockets in thediagram 11.2 and determine
the best rocket to use in the competition. Give reasons for your choice.

SBP 2012
[10 marks]
Diagram 3 shows four racing motorcycles, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications. You are required
to determine the most suitable motorcycle to move fast and safe when racing.
Study the specifications of all the four motorcycles from the following aspects:
Explain the suitability of the aspects.
Justify your choice.
Racing bike A
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 205.0 kg

SBP 2012
Racing bike B
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 220.0 kg
Racing bike C
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 208.0 kg
Racing bike D
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 242.0 kg
Diagram 3
[10 marks]
Diagram 4 shows the parts of brake systems car.
Brake pads
Brake pedal
Brake fluid
Brake disc
Diagram 4
Table 4 shows the specifications of components that can be used in brake systems , P,Q,R, S and T.
Based on Table 4;You are required to determine the most suitable brake system and explain the
suitability of the aspects in Table 4

SBP 2012
Specifications of components in a car brake system

Brake Specific heat capacity Melting point The material
Compression of
system of brake disc of brake disc use of brake
brake fluid
J kg-10 C-1 0C pads
ceramics
P 360 930 Difficult
Q 2400 1220 Difficult steel
R 890 580 Easy ceramics
S 2210 1940 Difficult ceramics

steel
T 1460 2070 Easy
Table 4
[10 marks]

You are asked to investigate the characteristics of each backhoes in table 11 and choose a backhoe
that can do heavy works, an example of a backhoe is shown in diagram 11.2. Explain the suitability of
the characteristics each backhoes. Determine the most suitable backhoe. Give reason for your choice
Characteristics of Backhoe
Type of
Backhoe Fluids used in Centre of
Size of tyre Mass Base area
hydraulic system gravity
M Large Liquid Large Large Low
N Large Liquid Small Large Low
P Large Gas Large Small High
Q Medium Liquid Large Medium Low
R Large Liquid Large Medium High
Table 11

SBP 2012
[10 marks]

You are requested to choose a suitable wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft. By referring to
the information given in Table 11.1, explain the suitability of each characteristic and suggest the most
suitable wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft.
Design Shape of cross section of wing Area of Density of Difference in

wing/m2 wing material speed of air
/ kg m-3 above and
below the wing
/ m s-1
P 40.0 2100 10.0
Q 41.5 2300 0.0
R
42.5 2000 0.0
S 38.2 2050 8.0
Table 11.1 shows the characteristic of four designs of the aircraft wings.
[10 marks]

SBP 2012

Diagram 11.5 shows a hot air balloon.
Balloon
Basket
Diagram 11.5
Table 11.1 shows four hot air balloon with different specifications.
Volume of the
Material used for Material used for Temperature of air
balloon
Hot air balloon the balloon the basket inside the balloon
(envelope)
J 560 m3 Nylon Aluminium 500C

Rattan
K 2800 m3 Nylon 990C
L 4 m3 Cotton Aluminium 500 C

Rattan
M 25 m3 Cotton 1200 C
Table 11.1
You are required to determine the most suitable hot air balloon which can travel at higher
altitude. Explain the suitability of each of the characteristic of the balloon. Choose the most
suitable balloon and justify your choice.
[10 marks]

As a researcher you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of four types of liquid that are
suitable to be used as a coolant for a car engine.
Table 5 shows the characteristics of the liquids.
character Boiling point Viscosity Specific heat Ability to react

istics / oC Capacity / J with metals
kg-1 C-1 .
Liquid
J 121 High 5500 High
K 128 Low 4750 Low
L 210 High 1195 Low
M 101 Low 3588 medium
Table 5

SBP 2012
(i) Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the liquid to be used as a coolant for the car engine.
(ii) Determine the most suitable liquid to be used and give a reason for your choice.
[10 marks]
Question 9 [Light]
Diagram 6 shows an astronomical telescope consist of objective lens and eye piece. An astronomical
telescope is used to view very large objects like moon.
Diagram 6
Table 7 shows the characteristics of four different simple astronomical telescopes.
focal length of The distance

Type of Objective objective of, f Diameter of the
Telescope o between two
lens objective lens /cm
/cm lenses / D
S Convex 40 D <fo+fe 5.0
T Concave 10 D >fo+fe 5.0
U Convex 10 D <fo+fe 2.5
V Concave 40 D >fo+fe 2.5
Table 6
Explain the suitability of each characteristicof the telescope and determine the most suitable telescope
to be used to observe very far object. Give reason for your choice.
[10 marks]

SBP 2012
Question 10 [Electricity]]
Table 12.1 shows four heating elements F, G, H and J with different specifications. Three identical eating
panels are needed to be fixed on three sides of an electric dryer.
Heating Diameter Type of heating panel Arrangement Melting

element of wire of heating point
panels
Thick Parallel circuit Low

F
Straight wire
Thin Parallel circuit High

G
Coil wire
Thin Series circuit High

H
Straight wire
High
Thick Parallel circuit
J
coil wire
Table 12.1
You are required to determine the most suitable heating element that can produce highest
amount of heat faster.
Study the specifications of all the four heating elements based on the following aspects:
(i) Diameter of the wire.
(ii) Type of heating panel
(iii) Arrangement of three heating panels.
(iv) Melting point of the wire.
Explain the suitability of each aspects and then determine the most suitable heating
element.
Give a reason of your choice.
[10 marks]
Question [Electromagnet]
Diagram 12.2 shows four types of moving coil ammeter, R, S, T and U to measure small direct current.
You are required to determine the most suitable moving coil ammeter to measure the small direct
current effectively.

SBP 2012
Moving coil
ammeter R
Moving coil
ammeter S

SBP 2012
Moving coil
ammeter T
Moving coil
ammeter U
Diagram 12.2
You are required to determine the most suitable moving coil ammeter to measure small direct
current effectively.
Study the specification of all the four moving coil ammeters based on the following aspects:
(i). The shape of the permanent magnet and core [2 marks]
(ii). The material of the core [2 marks]
(iii) The stiffness of the hair spring [ 2 marks]
(iv) The type of scale of the ammeter [2 marks]

SBP 2012
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable moving coil
ammeter. Give a reason for your choice.
[2 marks]
The transmission of electricity over the National Grid Network uses high voltage cables. You are assigned
to study the characteristics of cables which could be used as transmission cable. Table 7 shows the
characteristics of four transmission cables.
Rate of
Cable Resistivity /m-1 Density / kg m-3
oxidation Rate of thermal expansion
High
P 3.0 x l0-7 5 x l05 Low
Low
Q 1.8 x l0-8 2 x l03 Low
Medium
R 7.5 x l0-7 8 x l02 High
High
S 7.0 x l0-8 4 x l03 Medium
Table 7
Based on the table 7;
(i) Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the cables to be used as transmission cable.
(ii) Determine the most suitable transmission cable to be used and give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks]

SBP 2012
Question 13 [Electronic/electromagnetism]
You are asked to investigate the design and the characteristics of four alternating current generators
shown in Table 8. Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the alternating current generators and
determine the alternating current generator which can supply a large direct current to an electrical
component X shown in Diagram 8.
Diagram 8
Density of Rectification circuit

Frequency of
Generator the coil / kg
rotation
m3
G 9200 High
11600
H Medium
High
I 8960
J 10500 Medium
[10 marks]

SBP 2012
Question 14 [Electronic]
As a research engineer in a factory, you are asked to investigate the characteristics of several
substances in order to produce p-type or n-type to produce semiconductor diode.
Table 9 shows the characteristics of five semiconductors P, Q, R, S and T
Size of the doping atom compared

Electron Valens of
Semiconductor Electron Valens of with the size of the atom relative to
intrinsic
doping substance intrinsic semiconductor atom
semiconductor
P 2
5 Big
Q Small
4 5
Small
R 3 4
Almost the same

S 5 2
3
T 4 Almost the same
Table 9
Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the semiconductor P, Q, R, S and T to be used in the
production of a semiconductor diode. Give reasons for your choice
Which type of intrinsic semiconductor below is the most suitable to be used. Give your reason for your
answer.
Type of intrinsic
semiconductor
Silicon
Germanium
[ 10 marks]

As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of radioactive substances with to
be used for the treatment of cancer.
Table 10 shows radioactive rays directed towards the cancer cells in a patients brain.
Ionizing power
Radioactive Type of radiation Half-life State of matter
J Beta 6 hours Liquid High
K Gamma 1620 years Solid Low
L Gamma 5 years Solid Low
M Beta 15 days Liquid High
Table 10
(i) Based on Table 10, explain the suitable properties of the radioactive substances for use to kill
cancer cells in patients brains.
(ii) Determine which radioactive substance is the most suitable for the treatment of cancer cells in a
patient and give your reasons.
[10 marks]
39
X A-Plus Physics Module 2012
X A-PLUS 2012
SECTION V CONCEPTUALIZATION (Paper 2 Section A Question 5/6; Section B )
Diagram 1(a) and Diagram 1(b) show two solid spheres A and B with different density placed in the water.
Diagram 1(a) Diagram 1 (b)
Based on Diagram 1(a) and Diagram 1(b),

(i) compare the density of sphere A and sphere B. [ 1 mark ]
(ii) compare the weight of sphere A and sphere B [ 1 mark ]
(iii) compare the weight of water displaced by sphere A and sphere B [ 1 mark ]
(iv) relate the weight of sphere and the weight of water displaced [ 1 mark ]
(v) relate the weight of water displaced and upthrust [ 1 mark ]
A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, although the boat carries the
same load. The density of sea water and river water is 1025 kg m-3 and 1000 kg m-3 respectively.
In the sea In the river
DIAGRAM 2(a) DIAGRAM 2(b)
Diagram 2(a) and Diagram 2(b) illustrate the situation of the boat in the sea and in the river.
(a) What is meant by density? [1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 2(a) and Diagram 2(b)
(i) Compare the level of the boat in the sea water and in the river water. [1 mark]
(ii) Compare the volume of water displaced by the boat in the sea and in the river. [1 mark]
(iii) Compare the density of sea water and river w [1 mark]
(c) (i) Relate the volume of water displaced to the density of water. [1 mark]
(ii) Deduce relationship between weight of the boat and the weight of the water
displaced. [1 mark]
(d) Name the physics principle that explains the situation above. [1 mark]
X A-Plus Physics Module 2012 40

X A-PLUS 2012
Question 3 [Heat]
Diagram 3(a) shows a balloon filled with air attached to a test tube before and after the test tube is
heated.
Diagram 3(b) shows a pingpong ball before and after it is poured with boiled water.
(i) (ii)
Diagram 3(a)
(i) (ii)
Diagram 3(b)
(a) (i) Observe Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b).State two similarities about the air inside the balloon and
ping pong ball. [2 marks]
(ii) Compare the mass of air in Diagram 3(a)(i) with Diagram 3(a)(ii); and Diagram 3(b)(i) with Diagram
3(b)(ii). [1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on your observation in Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b), state the relationship between
the physical quantities in (a) (i). [1 mark]
(ii) Name physics law involved in (b)(i). [1 mark]
(iii) Using observation in Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b), explain the physics law stated in b(ii)
using kinetic theory of matter. [3 marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
Question 4 [Wave]
Diagram 4.1 shows the pattern of the water wave after passing through a gap.
The experiment was repeated with different wavelength of waterpassing through the same gap. The wave
pattern is as shown in Diagram 4.2.
Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2
(a) What is wavelength? [1 mark ]

(b) Based on Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2, compare
(i) the wavelength before passing through the gap
(ii) the wavelength before and after passing through the gap
[2 marks]
(c) Compare the wave pattern in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 after the wave passed through the
gap. [1 mark]
(d) Based on your answers in ( b) and (c), state the relationship between the wavelength and the
wave pattern after passing through the gap. [1 mark]
(e) Name the wave phenomenon which occurs in Diagrams 4.1 and 4.2. [1 mark]
Diagram 5.1 shows a bar magnet with northpole at point P and Diagram 5.2 shows a bar magnet with
south pole at point Q which are moved towards the solenoid to produce current.
DIAGRAM 5.1 DIAGRAM 5.2

X A-PLUS 2012
a) Observe the diagrams and state two differences between them. [2 marks]
b) What is the polarity of the solenoid at point P and Q when the magnet is moved towards the
solenoid?
P : Q : [2 marks]
c) What is the relationship between the number of turns and the magnitude of induced current?
[1mark]
d) Name the law involved in (c). [1mark]
e) Suggest another method to increase the deflection of the pointer. [1mark]
f) State an instrument that uses the application of induced current. [1mark]
Question 6 [Force and Motion]
Diagrams 6.1 and 6.2 show a load is being lift up.
Ground Ground
(a) What is gravitational potential energy? [1mark]

(b) Based on Diagrams 6.1 and 6.2 , compare the position of the loadafter being lifted up, the
gravitational potential energy and the work done.
State the relationship between
- the position of the load and the work done in lifting the load.
- The gravitational potential energy and the work done
[5marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
Question 7 [Force and Motion]

Diagram 7shows a 50 sen coin and a leaf falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier than the leaf.
Diagram 7
Using the diagram shown and the information given about the weight of the two objects, compare the
mass of the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the falling position of the coin and the leaf,the
gravitational acceleration of the coins and the leaf. Deduce the relationship between the mass and the
gravitational acceleration of falling object.
[5 marks]
Diagram 8(a), Diagram 8(b) and Diagram 8(c) show a rock being hung on a spring balance in the air,
immersed in water and cooking oil respectively. The reading of the spring balance for each situation is as
shown in Diagram 8.
Diagram 8
Using Diagram 8(a), Diagram 8(b) and Diagram 8(c), compare the spring balance reading, the weight lost
of the rock and the density of the water and the cooking oil.
Relate the weight lost and the density to deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
Diagram 9(a) shows a hot air balloon carry up the loads at a certain height in the morning and Diagram
9(b) shows the same hot air balloon carry up the loads at a certain height in the afternoon. The hot air
balloon used helium gas at the same temperature in both situations.
Diagram 9
Using Diagrams 9(a) and 9(b), compare the density of the air, the load that can be carried up by the hot
air balloon and the height of the hot air balloon from the ground.
Relate the buoyant force with the density of the air to make a deduction regarding the relationship
between the density of the air and the weight of the load carried by the hot air balloon.
[5 marks]
Diagram10.1, Diagram10.2and Diagram10.3 show a fisherman pulling the fishing net out of the river. In
Diagram10.1, the fisherman finds it easy to pull up the fishing net while most of the fish is in the water.
However as more and more of the net is out of the water it gets harder to pull up the net as shown in
Diagrams10.2 and 10.3.
Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2 Diagram 10.3

X A-PLUS 2012
Using Diagrams10.1, 10.2 and 10.3, compare the mass of the fishand the volume of the fishing net
immersed in the water.
Relate the weight of water displaced with the amount of force required to lift the net and the buoyant
force, and deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]
Question 11 [Light]
Diagram 11(a) and Diagram 11(b) show two rectangular glass blocks with different optical density and
refractive index. Ray of light is directed toward the glass blocks with the same angle of incidence 30.
Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3
Diagram 11(a) Diagram 11(b)
Based on Diagram 11(a) and Diagram 11(b), compare the density, the refractive index and the angle of
refraction of the glass blocks. Relate
- the angle of refraction, r and the density of the glass blocks.
- relate the angle of refraction, r and the refractive index of the glass blocks
[5 marks]
Question 12 [Light]
Diagram 12.1 and Diagram 12.2 show the parallel rays of light directed towards the convex lenses J and K.
Both the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for each lens.

X A-PLUS 2012
With reference to Diagram 12.1 and Diagram 12.2, compare the thickness of the lenses, the effects it has
on the refracted rays, and the focal length of the lens.Relate the thickness of the lens with the effect on the
refracted ray, to deduce a relationship between the thickness of the lens and the focal length.
[5 marks]
Question 13 [Wave]
Diagram 13.1 (a) and Diagram 13.2(a) show the apparatus set-up for a Youngs double-slit experiment, to
determine the wavelength of a monochromatic light. Diagram 13.1(b) and Diagram 13.2(b) show the
fringes formed on the screen for each situation.
Using the diagrams given, compare the distance between the double-slit and the screen, the distance
between two successive bright fringes, the number of fringes and the width of fringes.
Deduce the relationship between the distance between the double-slit and the screen, and the distance
between two successive bright fringes.
[5 marks]
Question 14 [Waves]
Diagram 14(a) and 14(b) show vibration of different thickness of guitar string.
Diagram 14(a)

X A-PLUS 2012
Diagram 14(b)
When microphone is used to detect the sound waves of each guitar string, the traces displayed on the
oscilloscopes as shown in the diagrams.
(i) Using Diagram 14(a) and 14(b), compare the number of oscillations, amplitude of wave and
diameter of Guitar string.
(ii) State the relationship between the frequency of sound wave and
-diameter of the string
-pitch of the sound
[5 marks]
Diagram 15.1 and 15.2 show two identical resistors with resistance R connected to the ammeter, voltmeter,
switch and batteries in different ways.

DIAGRAM 11.2
When the switch is on, the ammeter and the voltmeter show a reading. Based on Diagram 15.1 and
Diagram 15.2, compare the type of circuit connection, the reading of ammeter, the reading of voltmeter
and the effective resistance of the circuit.
Relate the current flows in a circuit with the effective resistance to make a deduction regarding the
relationship between type of a circuit connection and the effective resistance.
[6 marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
Diagram 16(a) and Diagram 16(b) show the relative motion between the magnet and solenoid. The ends
of the coils are connected to a zero centre galvanometer.
Using Diagram 16(a) and Diagram 16(b),

(i) compare the direction of the movement of the magnet
(ii) compare the deflection of the galvanometer pointer
(iii) Relate the movement of the magnet, the polarity at the top of the coil and the force acting on
the magnet to explain a relevant physics law.
[5 marks]
Question 17 [Electronics]
Diagram 17.1 and Diagram 17.2 show a bulb is connected to a diode and a dry cell.
Observe Diagram 17.1 and Diagram 17.2. Compare the condition of the two bulbs, the connection of the
diode. Relate the diode connection with
- the condition of the bulbs, and

- the current flow through the diode
Deduce a relevant physics concept.
[ 4 marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
Table 18.1 shows a reaction equation and the total mass of atom before and after nuclear fission.
Nuclear Fission
Before Reaction After Reaction
Chemical Equation
Total mass of atom 240.06082 a.m.u 239.85830 a.m.u

TABLE 18.1
Table 18.2 shows reaction equation and the total mass of atom before and after nuclear fusion.
Nuclear Fusion
Before reaction After reaction
Chemical Equation
Total mass of atom 5.03013 a.m.u 5.01043 a.m.u

TABLE 18.2
Using the information in Table 18.1 and 18.2 only, compare the process of nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion,total mass of atombefore and after the reaction, and then relate the relationship between mass
and energy released.
[ 5 marks ]
Diagram 19(a) and Diagram 19(b) show the activities of two radioactive sources P and Q.
DIAGRAM 19(a) DIAGRAM 19(b)

X A-PLUS 2012
Based on Diagram 19(a) and Diagram 19(b),
(i) State common characteristic of

- the shape of the graph
- the time taken for the activities of radioactive sources P and Q to become half of its initial value.
[2 marks]
(ii) determine the time taken for the activity of radioactive sources P and Q to become half of its
initial value.
[2 marks]
(iii) Name the physical quantity for the activity of a radioactive source tobecome half of its initial
value.
[1 mark]
SECTION VI PROBLEM SOLVING [QUALITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section A: Question 7; Section B

Question 9/10 )
Question 1 [ Introduction In Physics]
You are required to give some suggestions to design an efficient alcohol thermometer to be used in physics
research expedition at North Pole.
Using your knowledge about heat and properties of materials, explain how to build a thermometer which
can function effectively based on the following aspects:
(i) Strength of thermometer
(ii) Sensitivity of thermometer
(iii) Design of the thermometer so that the scale can easily be read
(iv) Freezing point of the liquid
(v) Thickness of the glass bulbs wall
[10 marks]
Question 2 [ Forces and Motion]
Diagram below shows a rocket.

X A-PLUS 2012
You are required to give some suggestions to design a rocket which can travel in the outer space with
higher acceleration.
Using the knowledge on forces and motion and the properties of materials, explain the suggestions based
on the following aspects:
(i) the shape of the rocket
(ii) the material used to build the rocket
(iii) additional supply needed that enable the rocket to move in outer space
(iv) the structure of the rocket to accelerate.
(v) size of the combustion chamber
[10 marks]
Diagram below shows an athlete throwing a javelin
Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use of suitable equipment and techniques to improve his
performance.
Your answer should include following aspects:
(i) Characteristics of material used for javelin
(ii) Shape of javelin
(iii) Motion of the athlete
(iv) How the javelin should be thrown
[10 marks]
Diagram 9.3 shows a badminton player in a competition.

.
Shuttle/ Bulutangkis
Racquet / Raket
Diagram 9.3 / Rajah 9.3
You are required to give some suggestions to design the shuttle and racquet used in the competition. Using
your knowledge of motion, forces and properties of material, state and explain the suggestions based on
the following aspects:
(i) Shape of the shuttle.
(ii) Characteristic of the material used for shuttle.

X A-PLUS 2012
(iii) Material used for the base of the shuttle.

(iv) Material used for the string of the racquet.
(v) Tension of the string of the racquet.
[10 marks]
Question 5 [ Forces and Pressure]
The manager of a carnival near your home seeks your advice on handling a hot air balloon. The balloon
should be able to rise to about the height of a five-storey building, carry up to three people and can be
brought down to the same spot after a certain time.
Explain your suggestion taking into account:

(i) Size of the envelope
(ii) Characteristic of the materials used for the envelope
(iii) Equipment required to rise up the balloon.
(iv) Characteristics of the material used for the basket,
(v) the best times in a day to launch the balloon
[10 marks]
Question 6 [ Heat]
Diagram below shows food being fried in a wok of cooking oil
Suggest and explain how the food to be fried can be cooked in a short time based on the following
aspects of material of the wok and the cooking oil.
a. Material of the wok

X A-PLUS 2012
(i) Specific heat capacity

(ii) Thermal conductivity
(iii) Melting point
b. Cooking oil
(i) Specific heat capacity
(ii) Boiling point
[10 marks]
Question 7 [ Heat]
A family is having a picnic at Port Dickson beach. A container is used to stor the packet drinks as shown in
diagram below.
Use appropriate concepts in physics, explain the modifications required to the above container so as to
effectively cool packet drinks in a shorter time and keep the packet drinks remain cold for a longer period.
State and explain the suggestion based on the following aspects:
(i) Materials added in the container
(ii) Specific heat capacity of the container
(iii) Colour of the container
(iv) Characteristics of the material used for the container.
[10 marks]
Question 8 [ Heat/Light]
Diagram below shows a simple solar tank as a water heater
Using appropriate physics concept, explain the modifications that can be used to make a solar more
efficient.
Your answer should include the following aspects:
(i) Type of mirror

X A-PLUS 2012
(ii) Radius of curvature

(iii) Color of the tank wall
(iv) Specific heat capacity and other suitable aspect
(v) Size of the mirror
[10 marks]
Question 9 [ Light ]
Diagram 9.3 shows two cars, R and S , travelling in the opposite directions, passing through a sharp band. A
mirror is placed at X .
Diagram 9.3
Using the knowledge on reflection of light, explain your choice of mirror to help the driver to see an
approaching car based on the following aspect:
(i) the type of mirror

(ii) the diameter of the mirror
(iii) the characteristics of material used for the mirror
(iv) the thickness of the mirror
(v) The position of the mirror
[10 marks]
Question 10 [ Waves]
Diagram 10.3, shows the location of housing area. The residents of housing area at P receive clearer
television signal compare to the residents of housing area at Q where it is located behind the hill.
Broadcasting station
Transmitter Hill Housing area Q

Housing area P
Diagram 10.3

X A-PLUS 2012
As a researcher, you are required to give suggestions about the modifications of transmission television
signal from broadcasting station so that the residents of housing area at Q are enable to receive better
signal.
State and explain the modification based on the following aspects:
(i) the frequency of the signals
(ii) the location of the transmitter
(iii) the number of the transmitter
(iv) the strength of the signals
(v) the distance between two transmitters
[10 marks]
Question 11 [ Electricity]
Diagram 4 shows the lamps in a domestic lightning circuit are connected in parallel.
Diagram4
The circuit is not complete and not efficient for electrical energy consuming and less safety.
Suggest modifications that need to be done to the circuit to improve safety, produce the lamps lights up
with normal brightness and to increases the efficiency of electrical energy consuming.
State and explain the modification based on the following aspects:
(i) switch
(ii) connection between bulb C and D
(iii) suitable voltage for the bulb
(iv) safety aspect
(v) suitable device to be connected to bulb B.
[10 marks]
Question 12 [ Electromagnets]
Diagram below shows a cross section of a simple seismometer which is used to detect the earth motion
and then convert it into the electrical signals.
Diagram 6

X A-PLUS 2012
You are required to give suggestions to design the seismometer which can work efficiently. Using your
knowledge, explain the suggestion based on the following aspects;
(i) the stiffness of the spring
(ii) density of the load
(iii) the shape of the magnet
(iv) the type of the electrical coil
(v) how it is used to detect small motion
[10 marks]
Question 13 [ Electronics]
Diagram 8 shows a control circuit for a simple fire alarm system.
Diagram 8
You are required to give suggestions to design the circuit so that it can switch on the transistor and sound
an alarm when either one of the sensors gets hot. State and explain the suggestions based on the following
aspects:
(i) The type of gate X
(ii) Component used to detect heat and it position
(iii) The position of the alarm.
(iv) The use of extra components in the circuit and its positions to switch on the 240 V, 12 W alarm.
[10 marks]
Question 14 [ Electronics]
Diagram below shows a shadow is formed on fluorescent screen of the Maltase cross tube.

X A-PLUS 2012
Maltase cross tube in Diagram 10.3 is not suitable for measuring the frequency of the sound waves.
Suggest modifications that can be made to the Maltase cross tube in Diagram 10.3 to transform it into
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope that can measure the frequency of the sound waves.
In your suggestions, state the components that are used and their functions based on the following aspects:
(i) the electron gun
(ii) the deflection system
[10 marks]
Question 15 [ Radioactive]
Diagram 10.3 shows a radioactive source is handled by a scientist.

The method shown is not safe.
Suggest and explain;
(i) The equipment to be used in handling a radioactive source.
(ii) Modifications to the storing method to ensure safe keeping of the radioactive source.
(iii) Other precautions that need to be taken when handling a radioactive source.
[ 10 marks ]
SECTION VII PROBLEM SOLVING [QUANTITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section C Question 11/12 )
1. (i) A toy car of mass 1.5 kg is moving at a constant velocity of 40 ms-1 collides with a wall and bounce
back at a velocity of 35 ms-1. What is the impulse applied on the car?
(ii) If the time of collision between the toy car and the wall takes 0.8 s, what is the impulsive force
applied on the toy car?
2. Diagram shows a car is moving with a constant velocity when the engine provides a thrust of 900 N.
The car is then accelerates at 2 m s-2. The total mass of the car is 1 000 kg.
900 N

X A-PLUS 2012
(i) What is the frictional force between the tyre& the road?
(ii) What is the force exerted by the engine when the car accelerates at 2 m s -2 ?
3. A racing bike of mass 202 kg accelerates from rest to its velocity of18 kmh -1 in 10 s.
(i) Calculate the acceleration of the racing bike.
(ii) Calculate the force acting on the racing bike.
4. Justin conducted an experiment to prove Hookes Law. The observation is plotted as the graph shown
below.
(i) Calculate the spring constant of spring P and spring Q.

(ii) Calculate the work done by spring P to extend the spring to 10 cm.
5. Diagram shows a boat which has a safety limit line, L. The volume of the boat under the line L is 4 m 3.
The mass of the boat is 250 kg. (Density of water = 1 000kgm-3 )
(i) Calculate the volume of water displaced by the boat.

(ii) What is the mass of the maximum load that can be carried safely by the boat?
6. An aircraft has a mass of 800 kg and the surface area of its wing is 40 m2.
(i) If the air pressure below the wing is greater than the air pressure above the wing by 500 Nm-2 ,
calculate the force exerted on the wing.
(ii) Determine the resultant force exerted on the wing of the aircraft. State the direction of the
resultant force.
(iii) Calculate the vertical acceleration of the aircraft.

X A-PLUS 2012
7. Diagram shows a hydraulic jack with a cross sectional area of the smaller piston is 0.2 m2 and the larger
piston is 1.2 m2.
(i) If a force of 6N is exerted on the smaller piston, what is the output force acted on the larger
piston?
(ii) If the smaller piston moves downward by 1.2 cm, what is the distance moved by the larger piston?
8. The weight of the boat is 15 000 N. The maximum volume of water that can be displaced by the boat is
2.0 m3.
(i) Calculate the buoyant force exerted on the boat.
[Density of the sea water is 1020 kgm-3]
(ii) A heavy box is put on the boat. Calculate the maximum weight of the box so that the
boat will not sink.
9. 0.004 m3 of cooking oil was heated by using electric deep fryer of power rating 240V , 2500W. The
temperature of the oil rises from 30C to 160 C. Assuming all the electrical energy was used to
increase the temperature of oil only and no heat loss to the surrounding.
Calculate:
(i) mass of the cooking oil
. (ii) the time taken to heat the cooking oil.
[Specific heat capacity of oil is 2000J kg1 C1. Density of oil is 800 kg m-3]
10. An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave lens of focal length 15 cm.
(i) Calculate the image distance

(ii) Calculate the magnification of the image
(iii) State the characteristics of the image formed.
11. A student is using a magnifying glass with focal length of 5 cm to observe a small ant at a distance
of 2 cm.
(i) Calculate the image distance.
(ii) Determine the linear magnification of the image of the ant.

X A-PLUS 2012
12. Diagram shows three light rays from a point O travelling in a glass block towards points X, Y and Z.
The refractive index of the glass block is 1.5.

X Y Z
30o 50o
Calculate the angle

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
13. A wooden bar P vibrates on a water surface of a ripple tank at a frequency of 5 Hz.
The water wave produced is shown in the diagram below.
(i) The distance between three consecutive crests is 8.0 cm.

What is the wavelength, , of the water wave?
(ii) What is the frequency of the water wave?
(iii) Calculate the speed of the water wave in the ripple tank.

X A-PLUS 2012
14. Diagram shows a U-shaped soft iron core is wound with insulated copper wire PQ and RS. An a.c.
supply of 240 V is connected at the ends of PQ and a bulb of 12V, 60W is connected at the ends of RS.
(i) If the bulb lights up with normal brightness, determine the ratio of the number of turns in the coil
PQ to the number of turns in the coil RS.
(ii) Calculate the output current.
(iii) If the efficiency of the transformer is 80%, calculate the current in the primary coil.
15. A potential difference of 3 kV is applied across the cathode and anode of an electron gun.
Calculate the maximum velocity of the electron produced.
Given the charge of an electron, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, mass of an electron, m = 9.0 x 10-31 kg.
16. A cup of milk is contaminated with iodine-131. The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days.
(i) Iodine-131 is no longer a threat once its activity decay to one-eighth of its original activity. After
how many days will the milk be safe to drink?
(ii) The initial mass of a sample of iodine-131 is 20 mg. How much of iodine-131 will remain after 32
days?

X A-PLUS 2012
SECTION VIII A Paper 3 Section A
1 A student carries out an experiment to study the relationship between the angle of incidence, i, and
the angle of refraction, r, when a light ray passes from air to a semicircular glass block. The apparatus
set-up for this experiment is shown in Diagram 1.1.
Refracted ray
Glass block
Incident ray
i
Ray box
Diagram 1.1
The ray box is adjusted so that a ray of light enters the semicircular glass block at an angle of
incidence, i = 15o.The angle of refraction, r, is measured with a protractor.The experiment is repeated
with angles of incidence, i = 30o, 45o, 60o and 75o.
The corresponding measurements made by the protractor are shown in Diagrams 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
and 1.6.

X A-PLUS 2012
i = 15o
sini =
15o
r = .
sinr = Diagram 1.2
Diagram 1.3
i = 30o
sini = 30o
r = .
sinr =

X A-PLUS 2012
i = 45o
sini =
45o
r = .
sinr =
Diagram 1.4
i = 60o
Diagram 1.5
60o
sini =
r = .
sinr =

X A-PLUS 2012
i = 75o 75o
sini =
r = .
Diagram 1.6
sinr =
(a) For the experiment identify:

(i) The manipulated variable
[1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable
[1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable
[1 mark]
(b) For this part of the question, write your answers in the spaces provided in the corresponding
diagrams.
Based on Diagrams 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6:
(i) Record the readings, r, of the protractor.

[2 marks]
(ii) For each value of i, calculate and record the value of sin i.
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate sin r for each value of r in 1(b)(i).
Record the value of sin r.
[2 marks]

X A-PLUS 2012
(c) Tabulate your results for all values of i, sin i and sin r in the space below.
[2 marks]
(d) On the graph paper provided, plot a graph of sin i against sin r.
[5 marks]
(e) Based on your graph in 1(d), state the relationship between sin i and sin r.
[1 mark]

X A-PLUS 2012
Graph of sin i against sin r

X A-PLUS 2012
2 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between displacement, d and time,
t of an object. The result of the experiment is shown in the graph of d against t, as in Diagram 3.1.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 3.1,
(i) state the relationship between d and t
[1 mark ]
(ii) determine the value of d when t = 0.4 s. Show on the graph, how you determine the
value of d.
d=
[2 marks]
(b) The acceleration, a, of the object and time, t, are linked mathematically by the equation
a= 2m
where m is the gradient of the graph.
(i) Calculate the gradient, m, when t = 0.5 s. Show on the graph how you determine m.
m=
[4 marks]
(ii) Calculate the value of a when the time t = 0.5 s.

a=
[2 marks]
The gradient of the graph, m, represents one physical quantity.
(i) Name the physical quantity that represents the value of m
[1 mark]
(ii) State how the physical quantity in (c) (i) varies with time.
[1 mark]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.
[1 mark]

X A-PLUS 2012

X A-PLUS 2012
SECTION VIII B EXPERIMENT (Paper 3 Section B)
Based on the diagrams in Questions 1- 15,
(a) makeone suitable inference .
(b) stateone appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.
(c ) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis
In your explanation, state clearly the following :
(i) The aim of the experiment

(ii) The variables in the experiment
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
(v) the procedures of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) the way you would tabulate the data
(vii) the way you would analyse the data
No. Situation
Diagram 1(a) and Diagram 1(b) show a woman is taking a ride in two different cars.
In Diagram 1(a), when the car just departs, she experiences a pushing force, F from the seat and the
car moves from rest to 25 m s-1 in 10 s.
In Diagram 1(b), when she is riding a race car with more powerful engine, she experiences a greater
force and the car moves to a higher speed from rest in the same period.
Q1

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagram 2(a) and 2(b) show a car and a motorbike of different masses. It is observed that if the car
takes up same power to produce same force as the motorbike, the car has lower acceleration than
the motorbike.
Q2
Diagram 3(a) shows the position of the driver when a moving car of 80 km h-1 stops suddenly.
Diagram 3(b) shows the position of the driver when a moving car of 120 km h-1 stops suddenly.
Q3
Diagram 3 (a) Diagram 3(b)

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagrams 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show a launching mechanism of a toy gun consist of a spring. It is
observed that when the spring is compressed and the gun fired vertically, the gun launch the
projectile from rest to a different maximum height.
Q4
Diagram 5 shows a lady and a man walking on a wooden floor. It is observed that the lady that
wearing high heel can damage a wooden floor badly but not a man (heavier) that wearing snickers.
Q5
Diagram 5

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No. Situation
Diagram 6 (a) and 6(b) show a diver swimming in the sea water. The diver experiences more
discomfort to his body and ear in Diagram 6 (b)
Q6
Diagram 7(a) shows a device used to transmit thermal energy. The fins absorb energy from the sun
and the pipe transmits the energy along its length into 25 oC of cold water in a tank until it reaches
50oC. It is observed that the time taken, t to increase the temperature in Diagram 3.1 is more than that
in Diagram 3.2.
Energy from the Energy from the

sun sun
Q7
1 m3 water tank 1 m3 water tank
glass fin copper fin

t = 30 minutes t = 10 minutes

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show two pots of different size filled with boiling water. It is observed that the
temperature of the water in Diagram 4.1 drops at a faster rate than in Diagram 4.2.
Q8
Amira is out on a hot summer day and purchase a few balloons. When she gets home, she decides to
leave a couple outside in the hot air and bring the rest into her air-conditioned room. She notice that
the balloons inside and the balloons outside are slightly different shapes and sizes.
Q9

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagram 10 (a) and 10 (b) show a pencil is placed in front of the lens. The image of the pencil is
formed when light moving through the convex lens
Diagram10(a)
Q10
Diagram 10(b)
Diagram 11 (a) and11 (b)below show the fringes produced when red and blue monochromatic light
sourceswere used.
Q11
Diagram 11(a)
Diagram 11 (b)

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagram 12 shows a guitar. It is observed that if one of the guitar strings is plucked with bigger
displacement, the sound heard is louder.
Q12
Diagram 12
Diagram 13(a) and 13(b) show 2 identical light bulbs when the light bulbs are connected to a 6 V of
power supply. It is observed that the light bulbs light up at different brightness.
Q13
Diagram 14(a) shows a girl is ironing her school uniform. After the iron is switched on for a while, there
are still wrinkles on the uniform.
Diagram 14b) shows that the wrinkles are gone when the temperature control knob as shown in figure
14(c) on the iron is turned.
Q14
Diagram 14(c)

X A-PLUS 2012
No. Situation
Diagram 15 (a) and Diagram 15(b) show two electric bells. It is observed that when the number of dry
cell used is changed, , the hammer in Diagram 15(a) strikes the gong faster compared to the hammer
in Diagram 15(b).
Q15
END OF MODULE
Recipe for success:

Study while others are sleeping;
Work while others are loafing;
Prepare while others are playing;
and......
Dream while others are wishing...
William A.Ward
We wish all of you
The Very Best of Luck in Your SPM 2012
May God be with you always and give you peace of mind
From: SBP Physics Teachers, September 2012

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SBP 2012

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 1

PHYSICS PERFECT SCORE 2012 PANELS

NOR SAIDAH BT CHE HASSAN (Ketua Penggubal)

KAMARIAH BT MOHD ARSYAD

JAMALUDIN BIN ABD GHANI

HJH NOR SHIDAH HJ MANSOR

TAN LEE FAH

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 2

SECTION CONSTRUCT/CONTENT Page

Section I Physics Concept / Rules / Principles /Laws 4

Examples of Common Mistakes And

Section III Construct: Understanding 19

Section IV Construct Decision Making 26

Section V C Construct onceptualisation 40

Section VI Construct (Qualitative) 53

Section VII Problem Solving (Quantitative) 58

Section VIII A Paper 3 Section A 63

Section VIII B Paper 3 Section B 71

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 3

-PHYSICS CONCEPT AND DEFINITION

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

What is.. Definition

Base quantities are quantities that cannot be defined in terms

Derived quantities are quantities that are obtained by

Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude

The consistency of of a measuring instrument is its ability

Accuracy is the degree of how close a measurement is to the

Sensitivity of an instrument is its ability to detect a small

Chapter 2: Force And Motion

What is.. Definition

1. Speed Speed is the rate of change of distance

2. Velocity Velocity is the rate of change of displacement

Acceleration is the rate of change of change/increase in

4. Deceleration Deceleration is the rate of decrease in velocity

The inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to remain

Newtons First Law of Motion states that every object continues

7. Linear momentum Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity

Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that the total

Force is defined as anything that changes the state of rest or

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 4

What is.. Definition

11. Impulse Impulse is defined as the change in momentum

13. Weight / Force of

A free-falling object is an object falling under the force of

When the forces acting on an object is not balanced, there

Unbalanced forces produce an acceleration to the object

The object is said to be in a state of equilibrium when the

19. Forces in Equilibrium /

Work is defined as the product of the applied force ,F on the

Energy is the ability to do work

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its

25. Principle of Conservation

Physics Perfect Score SBP 2012 5

What is.. Definition

26. Power Power is the amount of work done per second

Efficiency of a device is the percentage of the energy input

Elasticity is the property of a substance which enables it to

Elastic limit of a spring is defined as the maximum force that

Hookes Law states that the extension of a spring is directly

A spring constant of a spring is the force that is required to

Elastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in a spring when it is

Chapter 3: Force and Pressure