.

1. (activated complex)

2. (Ea)
c(Eaf)
d(Ear)
3.
c(H)(Eaf)(Ear)
d
eH0Eaf > Ear
fH0Eaf < Ear
4.
c
d()()

.
1. "()"or"()"

32
 2.
caA+bBcC+dDABCD
[A ] [B] + [C] + [D]
rA = rB = rC = rD =
t t t dt
rA rB rC rD abcd
[H 2 ] [Cl 2 ] [HCl]
H2 + Cl2 2HCl = =+
1 t 1 t 2 t
d / (M/secM/minatm/secatm/min)
3.
aA + bB cC + dD
r = k[A] m [B] n
A m B n (m+n)
c mn ab
d k
e k
Rk[] n k M 1 n t 1
.
1. R = k [] n R

( ) Ea / RT


k = Ae

R= (Ae)
k (kR)

(EaT)





2.
c

d
a.
b.
3.
c
d
()

33
 4.


()
{ { {
{ { { { { {

.
1.
aA(g) + bB(g) cC(g) + dD(g)
[C]c [D]d PC c PD d
K c = Kp = a
[A]a [B]b PA PB b
KcKp
2.
c
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO (aq) + H + (aq)
[NO2 ]2 [CH 3COO ][H + ]
Kc = Kc =
[N 2 O 4 ] [CH 3COOH]
d [H2O]

e
+ 2+ [Cu 2+ ]
Cu (s) + 2Ag (aq) U Cu (aq) + 2Ag (s) Kc =
[Ag + ]2
CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) K p = PCO2
3. KcKp
K p = K c (RT) n ( n = (c+d)(a+b) )
.
1.
2.
3.
c
d
[HI]2 [H ][I ]
H2(g) + I2(g) U 2HI(g) K c = 2HI(g) U H2(g) + I2(g) K c = 2 22
[H 2 ][I 2 ] [HI]
e
[HI]2 [HI]4
H2(g) + I2(g) U 2HI(g) K c = 2H2(g) + 2I2(g) U 4HI(g) K c =
[H 2 ][I 2 ] [H 2 ]2 [I 2 ]2
f

. (Q)(Kc)
aA + bB cC + dD
[C]c [D]d
Q()
[A]a [B]b
[C]c [D]d
K c
[A]a [B]b

34
 1. QKc
2. QKc
3. QKc
.
1.
()
2.
c
d
e
3. ()
c
d
e
f
a.
b.
4.
c
d
e
5.

.
1. Ksp

AmBn(s) U mA n+ (aq) + nB m (aq) Ksp = [A n + ]m [Bm ]n
2. Ksp
. Ksp
1. mol/L( M)
2. AmBn(s)S (M)Ksp(mS)m (nS)n
AgCl KspS2 PbCl2 Ksp4S3 Al(OH)3 Ksp27S4
3. Ksp
cKspKsp
dKspKsp
Ksp
. Ksp
1.
2. Ksp
cKsp
dKsp
eKsp
.

35