PHA CH DUNG DCH

I.Pha ch dung dch theo nng cho trc

Bc 1: Tnh cc i lng cn dng
* Pha dung dch nng mol/l ( CM):
Pha ch V2 (ml) dung dch A nng 1 (M) t dung dch A nng 2 (M)
- Tnh s mol cht tan c trong dung dch cn pha ch:
n = C1.V
- Tnh th tch dung dch ban u

V1 =
2

* Pha dung dch nng phn trm:

- Tnh khi lng cht tan cn pha ch
C%.mdd
mct =
100%

- Tnh khi lng nc cn pha ch

mnc = mdd - mct
Bc 2: Pha ch dd theo cc i lng cn xc nh
V d 1: T glucozo C6H12O6, nc ct v nhng dng c cn thit, hy tnh ton v
gii thiu cch pha ch:
a)50g dung dch C6H12O6 c nng 10%
b)50ml dung dch C6H12O6 c nng 0,5M
Gii:
a) Pha ch 50g dung dch C6H12O6 c nng 10%
*Tnh ton:
- Tnh khi lng cht tan:
%.
mct =
100%
10%.50
612 6 = = 5g
100%

- Tnh khi lng dung mi:

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mdm = mdd - mct
mnc = 50-5 = 45g
*Cch pha ch:
- Cn ly 5g C6H12O6 cho vo cc
- Cn ly 45g (hoc ong ly 45ml) nc ct, ri dn dn vo cc v khuy nh
cho tan ht
=> c 50g dung dch C6H12O6 10%
b) Pha ch 50ml dung dch C6H12O6 c nng 0,5M
* Tnh ton:
S mol cht tan:
nct = CM.Vdd
50.0,5
6 12 6 = =0,025 mol
100

Khi lng ca 0,025 mol C6H12O6 :

6 126 = 180.0,025 =4,5 g
*Cch pha ch:
- Cn ly 4,5g C6H12O6 cho vo cc thy tinh c dung tch 1000ml.
- dn dn nc ct vo cc cho n vch 50ml, khuy nh.
=>Ta c dung dch C6H12O6 0,5M
V d 2: T mui n (NaCl), nc ct v cc dng c cn thit, hy tnh ton v gii
thiu cch pha ch:
a) 100 gam dd NaCl 20%
b) 50 ml dd NaCl 2M
Gii:
a) Pha ch 100 gam dd NaCl 20%
- Tnh ton:
mNaCl=(C%.mdd):100=(20.100):100=20 gam
mH2O=100-20=80 gam
- Cch pha ch:
+ Cn 20 gam NaCl v cho vo cc tt

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 + ong 80 ml n-c, rt vo cc v khuy u mui n tan ht
-c 100 gam dd NaCl 20%
b) Pha ch 50 ml dd NaCl 2M
- Tnh ton:
nNaCl= CM.V=2.0,05=0,1 mol
mNaCl=n.M=0,1.58,5 =5,85 gam
- Cch pha ch:
+ Cn 5,85 gam NaCl cho vo cc tt
+ t t n-c ct vo khuy nh
50 ml dd ta -c dd NaCl 2M
II. Pha long mt dung dch theo nng cho trc
Pha V2 (ml) dung dch A c nng C2(M) t dung dch A c nng C1(M)
Bc 1:Tnh ton
-Tm s mol cht tan c trong V2 (ml) dung dch A nng C2(M):
n = C2.V2
-Tnh th tch dung dch A nng C1 (M):

V1 =
1

Bc 2: Pha ch dung dch

V d 1: C nc ct v cc dng c cn thit, hy tnh ton v gii thiu cch pha
ch:
- 50 ml dd MgSO4 0,4M t dd MgSO4 2M
- 50 gam dd NaCl 2,5% t dd NaCl 10%
a) 50 ml dd MgSO4 0,4M t dd MgSO4 2M
*Tnh ton:
- Tm s mol cht tan c trong 50ml dd MgSO4 0,4M
nMgSO4=CM.V=0,4.0,05=0,02 mol
- Th tch dd MgSO4 2M trong cha 0,02 mol MgSO4
0,02
Vdd = = = 0,01 lit =10ml
2

*Cch pha ch:

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 - ong 10 ml dd MgSO4 2M cho vo cc c chia
- Thm t t nc ct vo cc n vch 50 ml v khuy u ta c 50ml dd
MgSO4 0,4M
b) 50 gam dd NaCl 2,5% t dd NaCl 10%
*Tnh ton:
- Tm khi lng NaCl c trong 50 gam dd NaCl 2,5%
%. 2,5.50
mNaCl = = = 1,25g
100% 100

- Tm khi lng dd NaCl ban u c cha 1,25 gam NaCl

.100 2,5.50
mdd = = = 12,5g
% 100

- Tm khi lng nc cn dng pha ch

- mH2O=50-12,5 =37,5 gam
*Cch pha ch:
- Cn 12,5 gam dd NaCl 10%, vo cc chia
- ong 37,5 ml nc ct, vo cc ng NaCl ni trn, khuy u, ta c 50
gam dd NaCl 2,5%
III. Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1: un nh 40 gam dd NaCl cho n khi nc bay hi ht, ngi ta thu c 8
gam mui NaCl khan. Tnh nng phn trm ca dd thu c?
Bi 2: pha 500ml dung dch nc mui sinh l (C=0,9%) cn ly V (ml) dung dch
NaCl 3%. Tnh gi tr ca V?
Bi 3: Tnh khi lng cht tan cn dng pha ch 50g dung dch MgCl 2 4%.
Bi 4: Cho 16g CuO tan ht trong dung dch axit sunfuric 20% ung nng va .
Sau lm ngui n 100C. Tnh lng tinh th CuSO4.5H2O tch ra khi dung dch,
bit tan ca CuSO4 100C l 17,4g.
Bi 5: Cn ly 21,2 g Na2CO3 cho vo cc chia c dung tch 500 ml. Rt t t nc
ct vo cc cho n vch 200 ml. Khuy nh cho Na2CO3 tan ht, ta c dung dch
Na2CO3. Bit 1 ml dung dch ny cho khi lng l 1,05 g. Hy xc nh nng
phn trm (C%) v nng mol ca dung dch va pha ch c.

Bi 6: Ha tan 15,5g Na2O vo nc c 0,5l dung dch A

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a)Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch A
b)Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 20%, khi lng ring l 1,14g/ml cn trung ha
dung dch A
c)Tnh nng mol/l ca cht c trong dung dch sau khi trung ha
d)Hi phi thm bao nhiu lit nc vo 2l dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung
dch c nng 0,1M
IV. p n
Bi 1: 20%
Bi 2: 150ml
Bi 3: 20g
Bi 4:
CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O
0,2 0,2 0,2
4 = 0,2.160 = 80g
98.0,2.100
= 0,2.80 + = 114g
20

2 = 114-32 =82
Khi h nhit :
CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5 H2O
Gi x l s mol CuSO4.5H2O tch ra sau khi h nhit .
Khi lng CuSO4 cn li: 32-160x
Khi lng nc cn li: 82-90x
(32160).100
tan: 17,4 =
8290

x = 0,1228
4 .5H2O tch ra = 0,1228.250 = 30,7g

Bi 5:

Khi lng dung dch Na2CO3:

23 = V.D = 200 . 1,05 = 210 g

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Nng phn trm ca dung dch:

21,2
C% = .100% = 10,10%
210

21,2
23 = = 0,2 mol
(46+12+48)

0,2.1000
CM = = 1M
200

Bi 6:
Dung dch A l dd NaOH
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH (1)
0,25 0,5
15,5
2 = = 0,25 mol
62

a) Theo pthh (1) ta c = 0,5

0,5
CM NaOH = = = 1M
0,5

b) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O (2)

0,5 0,25 0,25
Theo pthh (2) ta c 2 4 = 0,25 mol
2 4 = 2 4 . 2 4 = 0,25.98 = 24,5g
24,5
2 4 = .100% = .100% = 122,5g
% 20%
122,5
2 4 = = = 107ml = 0,107 l
1,14

c) Theo pthh (2) ta c 24 = 0,25 mol

Th tch dung dch sau trung ha : 0,5 + 0,107 = 0,607 l
0,25
24 = = =0,41 M
0,607

) nNaOH = CM.Vdd = 1.2 = 2mol

Sau khi thm nc s mol NaOH vn l 2 mol nn th tch dung dch sau khi thm
nc l:
2
VddNaOH = = = 20 l
0,1

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 =>2 = VddNaOH - VNaOH = 20 2 = 18 l

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