fy.

,a iuka ; % K h - 04

iuka mq I a m l= u dr
2012'06'17

fy.,s h dkq ixl,a m ;= k la

ird:hla f,i muKla fkdj wd;a u h f,i;a

fy.,a idrd:h ^Substance& yd wd;ah;ajh ^Subjectivity& tlsfkl ;=<H lrkafka wehs@

idrd:h hkak h:d:h f,i .;af;d;a fuhska lshfjkafka h:d:h wd;ah;ajfha jHqyh .kakd
njh' fy.,shdkq ohf,la;slfhka l:d flfrkafka wd;ah;ajh yd jdia;l;ajh w;r isjk
iyjkhh ^reconsiation&' fuys wjika iyjkh l=ula h yels o@

ksia {dkh hkq f,dalh ms<sn| {dkh fukau ;uka ms<sn| {dkho f' ;uka ms<sn|
{dkhg iajhx-{dkh hehs lshuq' kuq;a fy.,ag wkqj mQK iajhx-{dkh w;am;a jkafka
wjidkfha h' wdrNfha iajhx-{dkh mQK jYfhka lis; ke;' l:djg wod< mQK
w:h ,efnkafka l:dj wjidkfhah' m%{dj wj jkafka f.dufkaoSh' fy.,ag wkqj iajhx-
{dkh wj fjka mj;skakls' th wj jk g f,dalh ms<sUqu jvjvd;a ksjer f'
ukqIH;ajh mQK jYfhka lis; fjk f;la iajhx-mrdj;kh ;jrg;a jer iy.; jk w;r
^inaccurate& mru tlla o ^absolute& fkdf' iajhx-is;shu ^self-map& mmQK jk f;la mmQK-
iajhx-{dkh ,e ke;' mmQK iajhx-{dKkh w;am;a jk ;ek idrd:h yd wd;ah;ajh ;=<H
jk ;ekh ^Substance = Subject&' tys ukqIH iajhx-{dkh jHuh tlla njg m;af' tys
nqoah m%fndaOu;a f ^enlightened&'

wd;auh by,g;a" bhg;a p,kh jkafka th mQK jYfhka zlis; uZ i|ydh' fuys
isjkafka wd;au is;shu jv jvd;a idrd:j;a uh' jv jvd;a ksrjoH uh' wd;ah;ajfha jvd;a
ksjer is;shu u.ska idrd:h wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSu fuysoS is f' th mmQK jk ;ekg
zmru;ajhZ hehs lshkq ,ef'

1

 fuh igyklska fufia olajuq'

mru;ajh ^mmQK iajhx ms<sUqj& idrd:h

=
wd;ah;ajh

iajhx - mndysrlrKh

wd;ah;ajh


idrd:h

wd;ah;ajh


idrd:h

wd;ah;ajh


idrd:h

wd;ah idrd:h
;dj

idrd:h = wd;ah;ajh

rEm igykg wkqj idrd:h fyj;a h:d:h ^ke;ak jdia;l;ajh& hkq wd;ah;ajfhau
iajhx-mndysrlrKhls' je jefhka h:d:h wjfndaOu hkq je jefhka wd;ah;ajh
mndysrlrKhg ,lauh' wjidkfha idrd:h wd;ah;ajhg ;=<H jk f;la fuu
mndysrlrKh isf' tysoS mru;ajh fyj;a mQK ms<snqj w;am;a f' {dK is;shu mmqK f'

2

 iajhx-{dkh lis; u isjkafka ld,h ;=<h' ld,h ixl,am ^the Concept = the
Notion) jk w;r th {dkhg bm;a jkafka ysia m%;sNdkhla ^empty intution& f,ih' ldkag
wkqj k ld,h m%d.awkqN+;sl wdlD;shls' thgu lshd wh;a wka;.;hla ke;' fy.,ag wkqj;a
wd;auidrh fmks iskafka ld,h ;=<h' ld,h ;=< wd;auh fmkS iskafka mQK ixl,am mmQK
f,i wjfYdaIKh lr fkdf.k we;s ;dla rgh'

{dkh jkdys ;ukaju ms<snq fkdjk udkisl wjhls' kuq;a th ta ;=<skau O wj

ksudKh lr.kafka ;ukaju ms<sUq lr.ekSf Wjukdfjks' iEu {dk yevhlau Bg l,ska
;snQ {dk yevfhka Wmka tlls' {dkhg zth ;=<skau ks; {dk oduh wjfndaO lr.ekSug
;r yelshdjla ke;' thska lrkafka iajhx-wdldrhg {dk oduhla cks; lsuh' kuq;a iajhx-
{dkhg f {dk oduh ms<sUq lr.ekSf yelshdjla we;' l,ska wjhlska w;a wjhla
,nk ksid {dkh ft;sydisl o f' thg zrecursive' hehs lshkq ,ef' tys f;are k B<.
idudlhd w: .ekafjkafka Bg l,ska idudlhd yryd njh' wkd.;h w: .ekafjkafka
w;S;h wkqidrfhka njh' iajhx-{dkh u.ska {dKh imQKfhkau .s,.;a miq idrd:h
wd;ah;ajh njg m;a f'

fy.,a ;ukaf.a Phenomenology of Spirit lD;sfha fmr jofka fufia mjid isfhah'

In my view, everything depends on grasping and expressing the

truth not merely as substance, but also the subject.

fuys truth hkq zwe;a;gu mj;akd i;a;djhZ ^a being that truly exist&' fuys zSubstanceZ hkak
fy.,a .kafka iamsfkdaidf.ks' iamsfkdaid thska woyia lf<A ztysu jQ yd thskauZ ms<sis|.;a ^that
which is in itself and is conceived through itself& hkakgh' fuu ixl,amh wfkl=;a
ixl,amhkaf.ka iajdh;a;j iEfohs' iamsfkdaidf.ka lshjqfKa f,dalfha mj;skafka tlu
idrd:hla nj;a ta fohka jykafia nj;ah' tfukau idrd:fha idrh .=Khka follska iuka;
njg;a ms<s.ekSula h' tajd k ka;kh ^thought&" tk wNHka;l woyia" yd jHdma;sh
^extension&" tk ndysr foaj,a jYfhks' idrd:hg f .=Khka fol we;ak thska h:d:fha
iuia;h ^the totality of reality& ksfhdackh lrk nj;a ms<s.eKsk' f wkqj zidrd:h jYfhkaZ
hehs lshk g thska woyia lrkafka iuia; f,dalhh'

wd;auh hehs lshk g bka woyia flfrkafka iajdh;a; f,i iajdk f,i is;sh yd
ls%hd;aul h yels i;a;djls ^an autonomous thinking and acting being&' fy.,a Substance as
Subject f,i .kakd g thska woyia lrk wd;auh k fjk;a flfkl= iska p,kh fkdlrk
iajhx-p,khlska hq;a ^the movement of positing itself& i;a;djla hkakh'

3

 idrd:h f,i muKla fkdj wd;auh f,i;a hehs lS g thska lshefjk ;j;a w:hla
jkafka idrd:hg wd;ah p,khla we;s njh' fy.,a ;jrg;a lshkafka mru;ajh wd;ah
jYfhka iajhx-p,kuh i;a;djla jk njhs'

idrd:h wd;auh f,i .; yelsh hkafkka ;jrg;a we`.fjkafka l=ulao@ fy.,shdkq mru
wd;auh ldkahdkq-*sIshdkq m; wd;aufhka ^finite subject& fjkiah' *sfYa bm;a lrkafka iEu
i;a;djlu moku m; wd;auh jk njh ^I as the absolute ground of all being&' f ksid *sIshdkq
{dkjdoh wd;ah {dkjdohla ^subjective idealism& f,i .kq ,ef' fuysoS u;la l< hq;=
wu;r ldrKhla jkafka fY,sx jdia;l {dkjdohla ^objective idealism& bm;a l< nj;a
fy.,a mru {dkjdohla ^absolute idealism& bm;a l< nj;ah'

fy.,shdkq wd;auh zmruZ tlla jk w;r m; fyda iS; tlla fkdf' th fok ,o
mQj Wml,amkhkag ne ke;' kuq;a ldkahdkq-*sIshdkq wd;auh wkqN+;s W;a;r mQj
Wml,amkhkag ^thing-in-itself& ne we;' fy.,shdkq wd;auh tajdhska ksoyiah' tfukau th ysia
wx. ,CIKhka ^empty gesture& orhs' wd;auh hkqu fuu ysia njg fok kduhhs' ta ;=< lsis
m%;scdkk ,CIKhla ke;'

ldkahdkq {dk Nd.hg wkqj iuia;h ^totality) wmg {dKkh l< fkdyelsh' iuia;h
wm fj; tkjd k foaj,aj, tysu iajrEmh;a w;g {dKkh l< yelsh' fuysoSh ldkagf.a
wdlD;sljdoh fy.,a iska m%Yak lrkafka' wmf.a ka;kh"zhqla;uhZ tlla jk nj;a ;ju;a
zmru wdlD;shZ ^ Absolute form& w;am;a lrf.k fkdue;s nj;a fy.,a lshkafka mru;ajh wd;auh
f,i fukau idrd:h f,i;a wjfndaO lr.; yels ksidh' fuys mru;ajh hkq ij imQK"
ish,a, wdjrKh lrk m%mxp f,dalhg hg;a fkdjk " iuia;hh' fuh m%;scdkkuh wka;.;hla
fkdj m%;sfYaOkuh iuia;hls' m%mxph yd foh w;r mr;rh fuh f' m%mxphg Tfnys mj;akd
m;=,la fkdue;s wd.dOh fuhh' wd;ah;ajhla u.ska idrd:hla .s, .ekSug hdf wd;ah
uey;alrKhlg yiqfkdjk thska t<shg mksk idrd:fha fldgila yeu gu b;s f'
wd;ah;ajfha mmQK wjfndaOhg yiq fkdjk fuu fYAIh fjk wka hula fkdj zwd;auhu f'
idrd:fha f zb;shZ weghla jeksh' tu wegh wd;aulrKhg m%;sfrdaOh olajhs' Y=oaO jYfhka
Y+kHhh' wdlD;sl jYfhka ysia luls'

wd;ah;ajh" idrd:h ;=< .s,S we;'

b;sh" fYAIh
4

 fuys fome;a;gu mmQK wkkH;djhla ,nd fkdfok" ioaNdjjd me,au wd;auh f'

fy.,shdkq ;lkh udlaia Wmhqla; lrkafka fuf,ih' m%d.aOkh hkq mrdfrdamkh jQ

wd;aufhka .e,jqKq idrd:hh ^Alienated substance&' wd;ah;ajh fyj;a Y%lhdf.a idrh
Tyqf.ka t<shg hdfuka m%d.aOkh ys f' f mrdfrdams; idrd:h ksia wd;auhka u; n,
meje;aug mgka .efka' ksOkhd wjidkfha idrd:hla rys; wd;ah;ajhla ^substanceless
subjectivity& njg m;a f' h lsis fudfyd;l ^fcda ldia-History and Class Consciousness
lD;sfha mjik wdldrhg& f idrd:h fjk wka hula fkdj ;u wd;auhu mndysr fuka"
t<shg hdfuka ksmka fohla nj wjfndaOlr .kso tg Tyqg m%d.aOkh foi n,d f jkdys uf.a
wd;auh hehs lsj yelsh' tys wd;auh yd idrd:h tlsfkl ;=<H f'

fy.,shdkq wd;auh idrd:fha mndysr;ajhh' idrd:fhka W;=rd hk fohh' idrd:h ;=<

me,aula jYfhka mj;akd fCIA;%hh' wd;auh idrd:hg" jia;=jg jvd je huls' oka; Od;=j
Nla;suf;l=g kslu ksl o;la fkdf' o;lg jvd je huls' f jvd je nj" blaujd hk
nj udj oka; Od;=jg ne| ;nhs' o;ska W;=rk hk foh uf.a wd;auh f' uu t<sfha ;sfnk kEu
fohlg f uf.a wd;auh hehs fkdlsh'

ma,h mka;s {dkh Wmkafka m%d.aOkfha me,au oek.eksfuks' fuys me,au jkdys
m%d.aOkh hkq fjk;a f,dalhlska wd fohla fkdj ;udf.au idrh t,shg hefuka ksmka fohla nj
oek.ekSuh' tk m%d.aOkh ;=< ;u idrh oelSuh' fuh fkdolakd ;dla rg ksOk wd;auh
t<shg tkafka ke;'

fy.,shdkq zwd;auhZ jkdys fjk wkahula fkdj idrd:fha mndysr;ajhhs ^externality of

the Substance to itself&' fuh jkdys idrd:h thgu wd.ka;=l jk ;ekh' idrd:h hkqu thgu
mndysr jQjls' zmru;ajh idrd:hla muKla fkdj wd;auhla o fZ hkq wd;auh idrd:h ;=<
mj;sk Bg jvd je fohla njhs' f idrd:h blaujd hk iajNdjhg ztransubstantiationZ hehs
lshkq ,ef' idrd:h ;=< mj;sk wNHka;l mr;rh fjk wka hula fkdj wd;auhu f'
mr;rh ysia ia:dkhls' f ysia lu thgu wuq;af;lss' idrd:h ;=<u mj;sk le<u" wd;;sh
^perturbation& wd;auh f' h i;a;duh ms<sfj,l we;s me,au" ndOdld iajNdjh wd;auh f'
iduld ms<sfj,g ndOd lrk foh wd;auh f' idrd:h jkdys iEu wka;.;hlu mru moku"
tk fy.,shdkq NdIdfjka zAbsoluteZ idrd:h f' th wd;ah;ajhg mQj mokula fkdj
wd;ah;ajhu f' mru;ajfha fYAI iajNdjh jkafka zish,a, fkdjk njhZ ^not-all-ness&' fujeks
iajNdjhla rys;j wd;auhla o ke;' ish,a, fkdf h hkq wimQK iajhx wix.;Ndjhh'

idrd:h wd;auhla f,i f;are .; yelsh hk fy.,shdkq m%jdoh ;=< fy.,shdkq mru
wd;auh ldkahdkq-*sIahdkq m; wd;aufhka ^finite subject& fjkia f' fuys ldkahdkq-
5

*sIahdkq wd;auh wkqN+;s W;a;r mQj Wml,amkhkaf.ka iuka;h' kuq;a fy.,shdkq wd;auh
mru ^absolute& tlla f' th iSudiys; mQj Wml,amkhkag hg;aa wd;auhla fkdf' *sIahdkq
wd;auh fuka fkdj fy.,shdkq wd;auh wdlD;sl f,i zysiaZ iajNdjhla .kS' f ysia iajNdjh
ksidh idrd:h wd;auh njg m;af hk m%jdohg bvla ,efnkafka'

ohf,la;sl ls%hdj,sfha wd;ah ysianj" me,au blaujd hd fkdyelsh' th yeu gu b;s

f' fuu b;sh ksidu ohf,la;sl ls%hdj,shg .ukla ,ef'

wd;ah;ajh idrd:hla f,i w;a oelsh yelsh hkafkys f;areu jkafka wd;ah;ajh
mrdfrdams; mndysr" h:d wka;.;hla f,i w;ah yels fudfyd;la Wodjk njh' idrd:h
;ukagu mrdfrdams;" ;ukaj blaujd .sh" ;uka ;=<u ysia lula jYfhka fmkS isk ;ek fjk
wka hula fkdj wd;auhu f'

wd;a u h weghls

wd;auh weghlg iudkh hehs lsfjd;a th u;=mska f.drye fN!;sljd woyila hehs
fmks hd yelsh' fuh jkdys wd;au idrh" ksfYAOk;ajh uereKq jia;=jlg iu lsuls' ohf,la;sl
fkdjk wiahlg wd;auh ;=<H lsuls' f bm;a lsu jkdys iufmaCIKuh m%ia;+;hls' tys mo
fmd Kqulg .; fkdyels" tlsfkl fkd.e,fmk iq iajNdjhla .kS' ulaksido wd;auh jeks
wOHd;al" mdrfN!;sl fohla weghla jeks jHuh fohlg iudk lsu fkd.e,fmk iq nj;a
fmkajhs'

fujeks fkd.e,fmk iq m%ia;=;hlg we;s ioaNjjd meje;au ms<sn|j fy.,a

Phenomenology of Spirit lD;sfha fmrjofkau olajd we;' fuu m%ia;=;hg wkqj wd;auh fjkqfjka
jia;=jla fmks is' fuh *ekagish inkaOfhka ,eldkshdkq iQ;%h wmg u;la lrhs' th k $<>a
hkakh' fuys kq wd;auhg *ekagish yryd uqK .efikafka mdYh jia;=jls'

fy.,a fuu m%ia;=;h f.dv k.kafka Phenomenology of Spirit lD;sfha Physiognomy yd

Phrenology ms<sn| lrk .%yfhah Physiognomy k oHdfjka lf<a Yr NdIfjka wd;aufha
wNHka;rh lshd mEuhs' wx. p,khka" uqyqfKA p,khka u.ska wNHka;rh m%ldY lsuh' fuys
isjkqfha wd;auh NdId ^Yr.;& ;,hlg f.k tauh' yejq ksrEmkhlg f.k tauh' wm%ldYs;"
wNHka;rhla ^ennuniciation& m%ldYs; ^ennuniciated& udOHhlg f.k tauh' kuq;a f oHdj
wjika w:fha wid:l jHdmD;shla h' iEu ksrEmkhlskau wd;auh mdjd ula is h' Yr
NdId m%ldYkh u.ska wd;auh m; l< w;r lD;s lsula o ish' wd;au wjYH;dj Yr
NdIdfjka lshjqfka ke;' fuys we;s jQ .egj jQfha wd;auh m%ldY lsug" wd;auh fjkqfjka
fmkS isk .e,fmk iq ye.jqlrKhla fkdh'

6

 Physiognomy j, isg Phrenology olajd .uka lrkafka wd;auh ksrEmkh lsu
^representation& wid:l jQ ksid wd;auh fjkqfjka fmkS isk ^presence& fohla olajd .uka
lsugh' ksia ysia ln, wNHka;rh m%ldY lrk ix{djla fkdf' th u.ska lsisjla ksrEmkh
fkdflf' th jkdys wd;auh wjHjys;j uqK.iajk fohh' wegh" ysia ln, u.ska lrkafka ysia
njla mqrjd oeuh' wd;auh ksrEmkh lsf fkdyelshdj ysia ln, u.ska Tmamq flf'' fuh
,eldkshdkq NdIdfjka lSfjd;a wvqjla jia;=lrKh lsuh' ^objecttification of lack&
ye.jqldrhlska uqla; ;ekla weghla u.ska w;am;a lr .kS' wfkld ;=< we;s wvqj mqrjd oukafka
*ekagis jia;=jlskah' wd;auh l=ulskaj;a fmkah fkdyels wjia:djl ysia ln, idOkSh f,i
wd;auh fjkqfjka fmkS isu fuys ish' wd;auh ksrEmkh lsf fkdyelshdj yuqf Bg
Yrh kafka ksia ysia ln,h'

by; woyi wkqj ohf,la;slh inkaOfhka we;s jer m%fYhla fy<sor l< yelsh'
lsi`s wdldrhl jia;= fYaIhla ^Objective leftover& b;s fkdlr fy.,shdkq ohf,la;slh
ls%hd;aul jk nj tu jer m%fYhh' kuq;a ohf,la;slh inkaOfhka ksjer m%fYh jkafka
ohf,la;slh yeugu fYaIhka ^remnant& b;s lrk njh' wd;aulrk pl%fhka .e,fjk b;shla
yeu gu fYaI.; lrk njh' fuu b;sh wd;aulrKhg yeu gu m%;sfrdaOh olajhs' fuu
b;sh fYAIh fjk wka hula fkdj wd;auh f'

wd;auh weghla f hk fy.,shdkq ksYaph ;=<ska f.k th zfN!;sljdoh mok

;sfnkafka moku;a ke;s mokulh' fuys wegh ^bone& hkak zjHuhZ zmatterZ fohls' f wegh
ms<sUq ls%hdj,shlg ^reflective process& m%;sfrdaOh olajhs' fy.,a iska bhg .kakd
fN!;sljdofha iajNdjh thh' fuu m%ia;=;fha mok ;sfnkafka fN!;sl fkdjk iajNdjhla
fN!;slhg inkaO ;sfnk fN!;sljdohlg ^dematerialized materiality&' wd;ah;ajhla jhla
fkdue;s wls%hld jHhlg ;=<H u mNdihg ;=vq fok ldrKhla h yelsh'

fuu m%ia;+;fha jdpHh moh ^subject-term& jkafka wd;auh ^spirit& jk w;r jdpl moh
jkafka ^pridicate-term& wegh ^bone& hkakhs' wd;aufha ;sfnk ksfYAOkuh iajNdjh ksidh th
jHuh fohlg ;=<H jk nj fy.,a lshkafka' wd;auh iudk jkafka tysu fkdyelshdjgh'
wd;auh mek kef.kafka wd;auhla yd th ,nd.kakd Odldr wkkHlrKhla ^identificatory
subjectification& w;r we;s ueish fkdyels mr;rh u.skah' fufia ,nd.kakd zwkkH;djkaZ wia
jeksh' tajd mrdfrdams; wkkH;djhkah ^refied identitiess&' wd;aufha ysiaNdjh k l< g thska
t<shg tk m%ldYh jkafka zta uu fkdfZ hk h fyda wkkH;djlg olajk m%;sfrdaOhhs ^dis-
identification&' f wdldr wdid:l jEhulska miq tla;rd ;ekl zta uuZ hehs h wkkH;djla
ndr.kakd wjia:djla f' Wod' f,i hfula h jia;=jla fyda mqoa.,fhl= fmkajd f uf.a wd;auh

7

hehs lshkjd hehs is;uq' fujekakla lSug k ;uka ;=< wkkH;djla jYfhka lsisjla ;nd
.ekSug fkdyelsh' ;uka mQK jYfhka ysia kh tjekakla lsj yelafla' udlaia fldhqksia
m%ldYkfha fufia oelah'

zzish fm!rdKsl jQ;a" mQckSh jQ;a m%d.a ksYaphka iy u; iys; mdIdKSN+; hlv u< neKq
ish ino;djka kdY hk w;r w;ska we;sfjk ish ino;djhka wialrKhg Ndckh
ug;a fmr tajd h,a meks hhs' >k jQ yeu fohlau WKq jd;h njg fmrf,hs' Y=oaO jQ yeu
fohlau fl<fikafkah' wjidkfha ksidg ;u jk ;;a;ajfhka iy ;u j.hd iu we;s
wfkdkH in|;dj foi ikaiqka is;ska ne,Sug wjYH;djla we;s fZZ'

fuhska lshfjk i;Hh k wd;auh fjkqfjka fmks is O >k jQ wkkH;djka h

wjidkfha ksidg ;ukaju uqK .efik njhs' ;u wd;auh ;ukagu uqK .efik njhs' ysia nj
yeu flfkl=gu uqK .efik nj fuys lshf' f w;aoelSfuka miqjh ksidf.a wd;auh
Wodjkafka'

wd;auh yd wegh w;r mj;sk kHdh frdaOuh mr;rh ^antinomigap& ohf,la;sl jYfhka
W;alIhg ,lajkafka ke;' wd;auh weghg iudkf hk fy.,shdkq m%ia;=;h ^phrenological
propsition& u.ska lshd mdkafka' wd;auh k fkdyelshdj h lsis idOkSh wdldrhlska fmkakq
lsuh'

ka;kh yd i;a;dj w;r;a" wd;auh yd jia;=j w;r;a isjk ohf,la;sl W;alIKh

^dialectical sublation& wjidkfha wimQK;ajhla b;s lsu fy.,a w;ska ish' thska
lshefjkafka b;sydifha wjidkhla fyda wjika ohf,la;sl iy jkhla we;s fkdjk njh'
wjidkfha;a jHuh weghla W;alIKhg ^Aufhebung& m%;sfrdaOh olajka b;s f' wd;auh
weghlah hkqfjka lshfjkafka ysia lnf,a yevhg wd;auh W!kkh jkjd hkak fkdf' wd;auh ^
spirit = subject& mj;skafka wegh ^ndOdj& we;s ;eklh hkakh" wOHd;al fkdjk b;shla we;s
;eklh hkakh" wOHd;al W;alIKhg" m%;sfrdaOh olajk wegh we;s ;eklh hkakh' f
ksid mrdfrdamkh yeuodu ioaNdjjd f,i b;s f' ixfla;sh ms<sfj, k W.=f ysrfjk ud
lg yeuodu b;sf' mdrwkaO jia;=j yeuodu b;s f' iajNdjoyu yd ixialD;sh w;r;a"
wd;auh yd jia;=j w;r;a f mdrwkaO nj b;s f' f mdrwkaO ndOdj fkdue;s jqfjd;a wd;auh"
idrd:hg" jdia;l ms<sfj<g hgf' f wkqj wjidkfha wd;ah;ajfha idrh ^spirit of
subjectivity& yd jdia;l;ajh wegh ^bone of objectivity& mQK iyjkhlg mefKkjdh
hkak jHdc fy.,shdkq iQ;%hls' wjHdc fy.,shdkq iQ;%h jkafka tajd wjika iyjkhlg fkdtk
njh'

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 wd;auh weghla f hkafkys fy.,shdkq woyi k wd;auh fN!;sl jHuh fohla f
hkak fkdj wd;auh fYaIhla jYfhka b;sjk njh' ysia ln, rd hkafk;a ke;' th fYaI.;
f' rdhdu ^inqoalug& ndOdjla f,i wd;auh b;s f'

f,da l fha rd;s % h

;lfha wdf,dalh ^light of reason& fjkqjg f,dalfha rd;s%h ^night of the world& .ek
fy.,a l:d lf<a wehs@ fy.,a ;ukaf.a Phenomenology of Spirit lD;sh ,sug fmr ksia
j.hdf.a rd;s%h" ysia ksfYAOkSh;dj .ek ixl,am .; lf<Ah' wd;ah;ajfha ;sfnk /l,a
ksfYaOkSh nj fya.,a ixl,am .; lrk gh zf,dalfha rd;s%hZ ms<sn| woyi t<shg tkafka'
fy.,shdkq wd;aufha iajrEmh zf,dalfha rd;s%hZ k ixl,amhkaf.ka m%ldYhg m;af'

ldishdkq wd;aufha we;s wj;druh iajNdjh ngysr welvh hg ,la lf<ah' fuhg
fya;= jQfha wd;ah;ajfha we;s ksfYAOkuh" wj;druh iajNdjhh' fy.,shdkq wd;ah;ajfha we;s
ksfYAOkuh n,h u.ska kEu iuia:hla lE,s j,g | ouhs' f wkqj ksfYAOk;ajhg kEu
>kSN+; m%j.hla ia:dmkh lsf yelshdjla we; ^disintigrative power of negativity&' fy.,a
;jrg;a lshd isfha ksfil=f.a mQj-wd;au w;aoelSu k Iag m%pKav kdYld tlla njh'

iajhx-{dksl wd;auh ^self-concious subjectivity& ysug l,ska ;snQ foa tjeks ;;a;ajhls'
f;dauia fydiag wkqj ksid is,a iudchg m%fY fjkafka tlsfkl urd.kakd m%lD;s iudc
wjhla ^state of Nature& yrydh' ksid wdf,dalhg tkafka wrla yrydh' ksid iajNdjfhka
ixialD;shg tkafka m%pKAv w;aoelSula yrydh' fuu m%pKav" CIa;suh" w{dksl f,dalhg zrd;s%
f,dalhZ hehs lshuq' fuh jkdys m;=,la fkdue;s ksfYaOk;ajhhs' ^abyss of negativity/abyss of
subjectivity&' th wm%ikak rd;s%hh ^ a night that becomes awful& hehs fy.,a lSfh' fuh
f*%dhshdkq urKdYh ^death drive& fyda ,eldkshdkq ioa njg wNsuqL ug ^encounter with the real&
iudkh' iuia;fhka .e,jqKq mdYh jia;=jla .ek Wml,amkh lruq' th Yrhla ke;s ysila"
uia f,a ke;s wj;drhla" yevhla ke;s jKhla" wjhj ke;s Yrhla" Yrhla ke;s wjhjla h
yelsh' fujekakla iuia;h ;=< ord.; fkdyelsh' th laI;suh jia;=jls' tjekaklg ;sfhkafka
h iyjdohlg f.k taf yelshdjla fkdj th ia:dmkh lr oef yelshdjls' th bfha
ish jdia;l in|;d h hhs'

fuu rd;s%h uska ksfYaOk;ajh bhg .kakd ksidh fy.,a nqoa m%fndaO im%odfhka
lefvkafka' wre" mrdkaO iajNdjhls fy.,a iska biau;= lr olajkafka" fuu wr wd;ah;ajfha
uohh' nqoafha wdf,dalh fjkqjg imqrd fjkia w{dk njla msiaiqjla .ekh fy.,a l:d lrkafka'
fuu msiaiqj ^madness& wd;ah;djfha ioaNdjjd wjYH;djhls'

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 kEu ixfla;Sh f.dv ke.sulg fmr fy.,shdkq-fY,skakshdkq /l,a ksfYAOk;ajh
mQjj mefKhs' fy.,a Phenomenology of Spirit lD;sfha fufia oelah'

On the contrary, Spirit is this power only by looking the negative in the face, and
tarrying with it. This tarrying with the negative is the magical power that converts
it into being. This power is identical with what we earlier called the subject.

ksfYAOk;ajh iu. vx.=u u.ska fy.,a wjkafka l=ula o@

urKh" ksfYAOk;ajh" fkdmeKSu" wysu" iajhx-{dkfha" tfia;a ke;ak

wd;ah;ajfha ^Subject as Geist& idOksh n,hla jYfhka .ekSu fy.,a iska lrhs' wd;ah
iqixjdoh" wd;ah;ajfhau we;s /l,a kssfYAOk;ajh u.ska | oukq ,nhs' f ksfYAOkh;ajh"
hula ixia:dmkh lrk iqh' th ioaNdjjd tlla kd Ndjjd tlla fkdjk nj
ffyhsfv.hdkq NdIdfjka lsj yelsh' {dkfha isg iajhx-{dKh olajd tk {dkfha isg
;h yd urKh w;r wr.,h" iajd-odi w;aoelSu" iafgdhsljdoh" ixYhjdoh" wiqN {dkh"
m%xY ma,jfha jQ w;aoelS ;=< ;sfnkafka ksfYAOk;ajh iu. vx.= uls' ish ftkash
tal;ajfhka kdY lrkafka ksfYaOkSh;ajfha n,h u.sks' kEu iyjdouh tal;ajhla mok
jkafka m%d:l wjfrdaOkuh ls%hdjla u;h' f wjfndaOkh m%pKavuh f' wreu;a f' fuhg
h fkdyels b;sh ^indivisible remainder& hehs lsj yelsh' fvhdkq NdIdjg fhdfjd;a
zw;sflhZ ^suppliment& f,i .; yelsh' kEu ixfla;khlg t<h yelafla fuu wjfrdaOkh
yrydh' wOHd;al wdf,dalhla msgqmi rd;s% f,dalhla we;' fuhg mQj iyjdouh ioa nj ^pre-
synthesis Real& f,iska o ,eldkshdkq w:l:khla h yelsh' fuh jkdys wd;aufha m;=,la
fkdue;s ksoyiaNdjhh' wrdcl Ndjhh' f wrdclNdjhg wmf.a ishu wdldrfha m;" iqfYAI
tal;ajhla lvd | oeh yelsh' fuh iudc udkhlg /f.k wdfjd;a fy.,a lshkafka ft;sydisl
iy iudc wdl w;aoelS ;=< m%pKav;ajhka" .egq" mi;=re;djka" ioaNdjjd jYfhka
wka;.;j mj;sk njhs' kEu iduld foaYhla ;=< yisfha oreKq m%pKav;ajhka mek ke.sh
yelsh' kEu ixhqla; idj;s%l;ajhla lrd hd yelafla msiaiqjla" m%pKav;ajhla ma,h ;%ia;hkaa
yryd nj fuhska lshf' fy.,a fuys WodyrK fldg .kafka mYapd;a-ma,h cefldhka
;%ia;hh' kq;k nqIQjd rdcHh ysjkafka cefldahka ;%ia;h yrydh' nqIqjd rdcH ;=< mrudoY
jQ ksoyi" whs;sjdisl ysjkafka" ma,h m%pKav;ajhla u.sks' hqla; ksfYaOk;ajh ^abstract
negativity& u.sks ixhqla; idj;s%lh ^concrete universality& Wod jkafka'

wd;auhg ksfYAOkh iu vx.= f ^tarrying with the negative& yelshdjla we;' h

wd;ah;ajhlg ksoyia idj;s%l tlla ug k hqla; ksfYAOk;ajhla iu. vx.= ug is f'

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