.

2013


,

,
,
,

(calculator) , .
,
()
,
,
,

, step by step (
),
,


,
.

, ,


.

,

2
1.

A.

= +/- ( +: , -: )

= +/- ( +: . -: )
+ > 180 : = 360 ( + ),
.

1. : = 33 50N
= 166 58,1E : = 18 09S = 170
05W. .

.
.
,
Greenwich (000o), ,
000

.
,

.

Greenwich,
180,
,

.

. , ,
.
S N E W ,
.

3
.
180 360
.

/

==166 58,1 180

= 33 50N

= 022 56,9E

= 18 05S
==170 05,0W

/ /
/

= 33 50N = 166 58,1E

= 18 09S = 170 05,0W
= 51 59S = 337 03,1 W
- 359 60
= 022 56,9E

2. = 15 12S = 002 10E,

= 32 14N = 49 35W.
;

4
 000

= 32 14N
= 049 35W



S

= 15 12S
= 002 10E

= 15 12S = 002 10E

= 32 14N = 049 35W
= 47 26N = 051 45W

: , N S E W
.

B.
, .

= +/- (+/-)
= +/- ( +/-). ( + ) > 180 = 360 ( + ),
.

1. = 05 55N = 175 13W.

= 14 20S =
12 30W. ;

. ,
, .
,
.

.
180 , 360
.

= +/- (+ / -)
= +/- (+ / - )
( + ) > 180 = 360 ( +)

/
180 = 175 13W

= 05 55N

I S
/
/ /

6
 = 05 55N = 175 13W
= 14 20S = 012 30W
= 08 25S = 187 43W
- 359 60
= 172 17E

2. , = 35 32S = 036
45E, , =
005 15N = 030 11W.
.

GR
= 36 45E

= 35 32S

= +/- (+/-)

7
 = +/- ( +/-). ( + ) > 180 = 360 ( + ),
.

= 35 32S = 036 45E

= 05 15N = 030 11W
= 30 17S = 006 34E

. (Variation)
(Deviation) (Compass Error)

,



.

= / (1)
() = +/- . / (+: /, - : /) (2)
= + () (3)
: .
= () (4)
= () (5)

253 , .

1. 1979 110 ,
:
: 5 19E (1970) . 8 .

( ).

( )

,

.
.
.
,
, .
,

,
.

9

( ) ,
( 253)
.

1979 1970 = 9
. / = 9 8= 72 = 01 12.
= 05 19E
. . = 01 12-
. = 04 07E 4,1 . 8

= 0,5 + /E 1,5 - /W . 253
= 4,1 +/E 4,1 +/E
= 4,6 +/ 2,6 +/
1979

1970

5,3
4,1

.
. / +, : = (+)
+ (+) = + .
. / -, : = (-) + (-
) = -
. / - / +, :
= (-) + (+) = - + .
. / + / -, :
= (+) + ( -) = .

10
2. ,
1979, : Varn 01 35W (1972) incr. About 9 annually.
140.
. ( ).

= / (1)
() = +/- . / (+: /, - : /) (2)
= + () (3)
: .

1972
1,6
1979

2,6

1979 1972 = 7
. / = 7 9= 63 = 01 03.
= 01 35W
= 02 38W 2,6 W 9/

= 0,0 1,7 W
() = 2,6 W 2,6 W
= 2,6 W 4,3 W

3. , 1979,
: Varn: 02 10W (1969) decreasing (15-).
:
(steering); = 3,3 W.
(standard): = 1,9 .

11
 .

= / (1)
() = +/- . / (+: /, - : /) (2)
= + () (3)
= ()

1979
1969
0,3

2,2

1979 1969 = 10
. / = 10 15= 150= 02 30 W . (
W, E).

= 02 10W
/ = 02 30
= 0 20 . 15 / 0,3

= 3,3 W 1,9 E
= 0,3 E 0,3 E
= 3.6 W 1,6

12
. /

1.

360 -

W E

180 + 180 -

- =
- = 180

13
 - = 180 +
- = 360

2.

- N E
- 180 S E
- 180 S W
- 360 N W

:
- 000 090 = N () E
- 090 180 = S (180 ) E
- 180 270 = S ( 180) W
- 270 - 360 = N (360 ) W

270 360 000 090

W E

180 270 090 180

.
) : : = +
) : W : A =

14

:
= + ()
= ()

1. N 40 W
: S 30 E, S 50 W.
.

/ N 40 W S 30 E S 50 W
- 360 -180 +180
/ 320 150 230

2.
: = 310 , = 125, = 044, =
202 .

: = 310 = 125 = 044 = 202

-360 -180 -180
/ = N50W = S55E = N44E = S22W

3.
: 1 =
040,5 , 2 = 000,5 , 3 = 270.
01,2 W.
.

= + () (1)

15
 040,5 000,5 270
01,2 01,2 01,2 W
039,3 359,3 268,8

4. ,
, 1979, = 000 .
: Varn:
01 06W (1965) decr. about 13 annually.
.

= / (1)
() = +/- . / (+: /, - : /) (2)
= + () (3)
= () (4)

1979 1965 = 14
./: 14 13= 182 03 02 W E ( W
E).
() = 01 06W
. / = 03 02
() = 01 56 1,9 . 13
() = 1,5 W
= 0,4

= 000 360,0
= 0,4
= 359,6

. (ZD)

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15

Greenwich 0

16
 .

.

1.
: ) = 162 W, ) = 095 W, ) = 055 E,
) = 115 30E.

) ZD = (162 + 7,5) / 15 = 11 W
) ZD = (095 + 7,5) / 15 = 6 W
) ZD = (055 +7,5) / 15 = 4 E
) ZD = (115 30 + 7 30) / 15 = 8 E

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E , -:W)

1. 11-08-84 GMT: 22 30 = 40 10E.

.

ZD = (40 10+ 7 30) / 15 = 3 E

GMT = 22 30
= 25 30
- 24
= 01 30 12-08-84

GMT + ZD > 24 24
. GMT < ZD (W)

17
 , 24 GMT
.

2. 11-08-84 GMT: 01 10 = 40 10W.

.

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W)

ZD = (40 10+ 7 30) / 15 = 3 W

GM = 01 10+ 24 = 25 10
T = 22 10 10-08-84

2.

18

- : ,

.
, . 90 .
- : ,

. =
90 +/- , (+ ).
- : ,

. =
90 .

19
 - :

.
- :

.
- :
,
.

.

- ,
( ).
- ,
( ).
- ,
().

,
.
, ,

,
.
,
. ,
= (Hour Angle),

.

,
,
0 360 .

,
.

20


Greenwich,

Greeenwich GHA (Greenwich
hour angle).


(
),

SHA (sidereal hour angle).
To ,
.

,


,
LHA (local hour
angle).

GHA GREENWICH (GMT)

( )

21
1. GHA Sun Venus 13-10-84 GMT 19 0000.

GHAsun : 108 28,6

GHAvenus : 077 58.

2. 15-10-84 GMT 23 0000 GHA moon, aries,

mars, Jupiter.

GHAmoon : 280 14,6

GHAaries : 009 39,1
GHAmars : 091 22,5
GHAjupiter : 092 38,9

LHA = GHA +/- (+E / -W)

GHA = LHA +/- (+W / -E)

LHA GHA = (GHA>LHA: = W / GHA<LHA: = E)

GHAstar = GHA + SHA

LHAstar = GHAstar +/- (+E / -W)
: LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+E / -W)
GHA nautical almanac Aries
SHA .

GHA = 355 GHA = 005

(E) = 050 (W) = 025
LHA = 405 GHA = 365
- 360 (W) = 025
LHA = 045 LHA = 340

- LHA>360 360
- GHA< (W) LHA = GHA + 360

1. 17-10-84 = 65 13,3
= +2,2 Uo = 40ft. GMT =
11 5018 = 118 25,3W. , LHA
.

22


= +/- . +/- total cor. (1)

LHA = GHA +/- (+E / -W) (2)

= 65 13,3
= 2,2+

= 65 15,5
Dip = 6,1- ( 87 . . dip)

= 65 09,4
Total = 15,8+ ( 87, . . sun lower)

= 65 25,2

GMT = 11 GHA = 348 40,6 dec = 09 24,2S

5018 inc. = 12 34,5 d(0,9) = + 0,8
GHA = 360 75,1 = 09 25,0S
(W) = 118 25,3/-
LHA = 242 49,8

GMT
.

2. 15-10-84 GMT: 10 3025 = 045 13,5E

. GHA LHA
.

GMT: 10 GHA = 333 34,2 = 08 39,3S

3025 inc = 007 36,3 d(+0,9) = 0,5+
GHA = 341 10,5
= 08 39,8S
(E) = 045 13,5/+
LHA = 386 24,0

23
 - 360
LHA = 026 24,0

3. 25-12-84 GMT: 22 2525 = 100 50,5E

Deneb. GHA LHA
.

GHAstar = GHA + SHA (1)

LHAstar = GHAstar +/- (+E / -W) (2)
: LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+E / -W)
GHA Aries.
SHA ,
.

GMT: 22 GHA = 064 35,5

2525 inc. = 006 22,3
GHA = 070 57,8
SHAstar = 049 46,8
GHAstar = 120 44,6
(E) = 100 50,5 /+
LHAstar = 221 35,1

4. 15-10-84 GMT: 20 18 = 020 W

Altair. GHA LHA .

GHAstar = GHA + SHA (1)

24
LHAstar = GHAstar +/- (+E / -W) (2)
: LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+E / -W)

GMT = 20 GHA = 324 31,7

18 inc. = 004 30,7
GHA = 329 02,4
SHAstar = 062 29,6
GHAstar= 391 32,0
- 360
GHAstar= 031 32,0
(W) = 020 00,0 /-
LHAstar = 011 32,0

3. ()

( )

25
LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W) (1)
= () (2)
> E Compass List / Error East
< W Compass Best / Error West

-
GHA LHA.
-
, .

1. 17-10-84 GMT 22 30 = 45 N = 055 12W

359. .

LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W) (1)

= () (2)
> E
< W

GMT = 22 GHA = 356 34,9

30 inc = 007 31,2
GHA = 363 66,1
(W) = 055 12,0 /-
LHA = 308 54,1

LHA ,
(48,49,50)
azimouth
.

= 001,2
= 359,0
= 002,2 E

26
 >
.
= 001,2 361,2 .

2. 25-12-84 GMT: 20 45, = 50 15N

= 070 20E = 359 .
.

LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W) (1)

= () (2)
> E
< W

GMT = 20 GHA = 034 30,6

45 inc = 011 16,8
GHA = 045 47,4
(E) = 070 20,0 /+
LHA = 116 07,4

= 358,8
= 359,0
= 000,2 W, <.

4.

. TRUE AMPLITUDES

(true amplitudes)
.

27
 .
,
.
:

E N . = 90
E S . = 90 +
W S . = 270
W N . = 270 +

1. 17-10-84 GMT: 17 0000, = 45 N,

= 260 .
.

= () (1)
> E
< W

GMT = 17 0000 = 09 29,7S

W 13,5 S
270,0 = 256,5
- 13,5 = 260,0
= 256,5 = 03,5 W
<

2. 25-12-84 GMT: 18 0000, = 50 N,

= 230.
.

= () (1)
> E

28
 < W

GMT = 18 0000 = 23 22,7S

: W 37,8 S

270,0 = 232,2
- 37,8 = 230,0
= 232,2 = 02,2 E (>)

3. 16-10-84 GMT: 05 3000 = 48 N

= 105 .
= 4 E.
.

= () (1)
= () (2)

GMT = 05 = 08 56,8S
30 d 0,9 + 0,5
= 08 57,3S
: E 13,2 S

90,0 = 103,2
+ 13,2 = 105,0
= 103,2 = 01,8 W (<)

= (-1,8 ) (+4) = 5,8 W

calculator:
= = /

5.

= + + 1 + 2 1

29

nautical almanac (48,49,50)
.
.
-
LHA .
-
,
1.
.
- ,

. 2.
- ,

.

1. 15-10-84 GMT: 22 0000, = 45 N

= 035 10E, = 45 20.
.

LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W) (1)

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)

GMT: 22 GHA = 354 36,6 = 45 20,0

(E) = 035 10,0 /+ = 0 10,7
LHA = 389 46,6 1 = 0,6
- 360 2 = 0,6
LHA = 029 46,6
sum: 45 31,9
- 01
= 44 31,9 N
2. 16-10-84 GMT: 22 4500 = 29 20N
= 030 55E =
30 22 = -1 Uo = 40ft.
.

30

LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W) (1)
= + + 1 + 2 1 (3)
= +/- +/- / (2)

GMT = 22 GHA = 355 35,8 = 30 22

4500 inc = 011 16,8 = - 01
GHA = 366 52,6 = 30 21
(E) = 030 55,0 /+ dip = - 06,1
LHA = 397 47,6 = 30 14,9
- 360 total = - 01,7
LHA = 037 47,6 = 30 13,2
= 0 10,6
1 = 0,6
2 = 0,5

Sum = 30 24,9
- 01
= 29 24,9N

3. 24-01-84 GMT: 06 2246 = 43 15N

= 168 32E, = 44
12 = - 4,2 Uo = 52ft.
.

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= +/- + / (1)

GMT: 06 GHA = 212 45,4 = 44 12

2246 inc = 005 42,4 = - 04,2
GHA = 218 27,8 = 44 07,8
(E) = 168 32,0 /+ dip = - 07,1
LHA = 386 59,8 = 43 60,7
- 360 total = - 01,0
LHA = 026 59,8 = 43 59,7

31
 = 0 10,9
1 = 0,6
2 = 0,7

Sum = 44 11,9
- 01
= 43 11,9N

4. 03-05-84 GMT: 08 3020, = 47 40N

= 046 30W = 47 46 =
-1,5 Uo = 35ft, =
359,5
.

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= +/- +/- / (1)
= () (3)

GMT: 08 GHA = 341 24,2 = 47 46

3020 inc = 007 36,2 = - 01,5
GHA = 348 60,4 = 47 44,5
(W) = 046 30,0 /- dip = - 05,8
LHA = 302 30,4 = 47 38,7
Total = - 0,8

= 47 37,9
= 01 00,4
= 001,2 1 = 0,5
= 359,5 2 = 0,3
= 1,7 E Sum
= 48 39,1
(>) - 01
= 47 39,1N

5. 23-03-84 T: 23 3005, = - 5,
= 54 40N = 038 15W =
54 18 = -2, Uo = 23m.
= 358
= 002 .
.

32

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= +/- +/- / (1)
= () (3)
= - () (4)

23/3 =23 30 05
= - 5
=23 30 00
ZD = (38 15+ 7 30) / 15 = 3 W / +

24/3 GMT = 02 30 GHA = 211 43,9

= 54 18,0 Inc = 007 31,2
= - 02,0 GHA = 219 15,1
= 54 16,0 (W) = 038 15,0/ -
dip = - 08,4 LHA = 181 00,1
= 54 07,6
Total = - 0,7
= 54 06,9 =359,3
= 1 39,5 =358,0
1 = 0,6 =001,3
2 = 0,7 =002,0

Sum = 55 47,7 =000,7 W
- 01
= 54 47,7

6. 09-08-84 T: 02 2002, = - 4,
= 29 18N = 027 20E = 30
13 = +2, Uo = 21m.
= 002
= 0,5 W.
.

33


= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= +/- +/- / (1)
= () (3)
= - () (4)

ZD = (27 20 + 7 30) / 15 = 2 E/-

= 02 2002
GMT = 00 2002
= - 04
GMT = 00 1958 GHA = 317 40,1
= 30 13,0 Inc = 005 00,3
= + 02,0 GHA = 322 40,4
= 30 15,0 (E) = 027 20,0/+
dip = - 08,1 LHA = 350 00,4
= 30 06,9
Total = - 01,7
= 30 05,2 = 0,6
= 0 24,2 = 2,0
1 = 0,5 = 1,4 W ( <)
2 = 0,4 = 0,5 W
Sum = 30 30,3 = 0,9 W
- 01
= 29 30,3N

7. 25-12-84 = 02 32, = 50 15N =

017 10E = 52 10 = 001
,
= 01 W.

= +/- +/- / (1)

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= () (3)
= - () (4)

34
ZD = (17 10+ 7 30) / 15 = 1 E/-
= 02 32
GMT = 01 32 GHA= 108 43,8
Inc = 008 01,3
= 52 10,0 GHA= 116 45,1
= 01 07,7 (E) = 017 10,0 /+
1 = 0,6 LHA= 133 55,1
2 = 0,3 = 358,8

Sum = 53 18,6 = 361,0
- 01 = 002,2 W (<)
= 52 18,6N = 01,0 W
= 01,2 W

8. 04-05-84 = 21 4500 = 38 50N

= 025 10E = 38 10,8 =
+2,4 Uo = 50ft, =
0,6 . ,
= 02 E.

= +/- +/- / (1)

= + + 1 + 2 1 (2)
= () (3)
= - () (4)

ZD = (25 10+ 7 30) / 15 = 2 E/-

= 21 4500
GMT = 19 4500 GHA= 147 50,5

= 38 10,8 Inc = 011 16,8
= + 2,4 GHA= 159 07,3
= 38 13,2 (E) = 025 10,0 /+
dip = - 06,9 LHA= 184 17,3
= 38 06,3

35
Total = - 01,2 = 359,5
= 38 05,1 = 360,6
= 01 40,8 = 1,1 W
1 = 0,6 = 2,0 E
2 = 1,0 = 3,1 W

Sum = 39 47,5
- 01
= 38 47,5N

6.

,
, sunrise sunset ,

LMT .
.

.

36


1.
, = 37 30N = 023 27,5E 20-03-84.

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (2)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (3)
GMT = LMT +/- hrs (-:E, +:W) (1)

LMT = 06 0330 LMT = 18 1200
/hrs = 01 3350E/- /hrs = 01 3350E/-
GMT = 04 2940 GMT = 163810
ZD = 02 E/+ ZD = 02 E/+
ZT = 06 2940 = 18 3810

7.

,
, moonrise moonset ,


LMT .

37
 ,

.

1. , =
40 00N = 030 00E 20-03-84.

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (2)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (3)
GMT = LMT +/- hrs (-:E, +:W) (1)

LMT = 22 08 19-03-84 = 20 54(/E:)

Dif. = - 07 (/E) 20-03-84 = 22 08
LMT = 22 01 . = 01 14
/hrs = 02 00E/-
GMT = 20 01 Dif. = (74 30) / 360 = 6,8
ZD = 02 E/+
ZT = 22 01

LMT = 07 59 19-03-84 = 07 28(/E:)

Dif. = - 02 (/E) 20-03-84 = 07 59
LMT = 07 57 = 00 31
/hrs = 02 00E/-
GMT = 05 57 Dif = (31 30) / 360 = 2,5
ZD = 02 E/+
ZT = 07 57

1.
22-01-84 = 50
00N = 145 45E. (sunrise = 08 04, sunset = 16 53,2).
2.
21-01-84 = 57
00N = 085 30W. (sunrise = 08 02,5, sunset = 15 44,5).

38
 3.
20-01-84 = 52
00N = 092 45E. (sunrise = 07 46, sunset = 16 14).
4. 11-
08-84 = 16 00S =
072 30E. ( moonset = 06 19).
5. 22-
01-84 = 55 00N =
120 30W. (moonrise = 22 22.

8. ,


, ,
nautical twilight ,
LMT .
nautical twilight
.

39
 .

.

1.
= 47 30N
= 064 30W 21-01-84.

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (3)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (2)
GMT = LMT +/- hrs (-:E, +:W) (1)

LMT = 06 27 LMT = 07 39
/hrs = 04 18W/+ /hrs = 04 18W/+
GMT = 10 45 GMT = 11 57
ZD = 04 W/- ZD = 04 W/-
= 06 45 = 07 57
= 06 45
Duration = 01 12

2.
= 37 20N =
054 26E 21-03-84.

ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (2)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (3)
GMT = LMT +/- hrs (-:E, +:W) (4)

LMT = 18 13 00 LMT = 19 09 00
/hrs = 03 37 44E/- /hrs = 03 37 44E/-
GMT = 14 35 16 GMT = 15 31 16
ZD = 04 E/+ ZD = 04 E/+
= 18 35 16 = 19 31 16
= 18 35 16

40
 Duration = 00 56

1. 15-10-84, = 41 30S = 073 40W,

. (sunset = 18 16,7, naut.twil = 19 18,7, duration = 01
02).
2.
13-10-84 = 30 00N = 160 30W.
(naut = 04 49, civil = 05 19).
3.
20-01-84 = 52 00N = 060 45W.
(naut = 06 40, civil = 07 22).
4. ,
01-05-84 = 45 00N = 142
56W. (naut = 18 37,7, duration = 01 12).
5.
04-05-84 = 30 00N = 040
45W. (sunrise = 04 58, naut = 04 02, duration = 00 56).
6.
25-12-84 = 37 30N =
099 45W. (sunrise = 06 52,5, naut = 05 52, duration = 01
00,5).
7. ,
25-12-84 = 37 30N = 099
45W. (naut = 17 28, sunset = 16 28, duration = 01 00).
8. ,
08-08-84 = 50 00N = 046
45W. (naut = 21 03, sunset = 19 38, duration = 01 25).
9.
10-08-84 = 10 00N = 020
30E. (sunrise = 05 29, naut = 04 41, duration = 00 48).
10.
21-03-84 = 54 00N = 028
30W. (sunrise = 05 54, naut = 04 36, duration = 01 18).

41
 9.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

42
ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (2)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (3)
LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (4)

1
15/10/84 = 022 57E,
LMT

360 .
.
360
= 022 57E/-
GHA= 337 03

15/10/84 GHAO
337 03 almanac.
. 333 34,2.
GMT 333 34,2 : GMT =
10 0000. GHA :
GHA = 336 63,0
GHAO = 333 34,2 GMT = 10 0000 15/10
= 003 28,8 GMT = 1355
GMT = 10 1355

= 03 28,8 almanac (52

81) increment & corrections sun planets
,
10 0000 GMT 337
03 15/10/84 1355.
GMTO = 10 1355

ZD = (7,5 + 022 57) / 15 = 2 E

GMT = 10 1355
ZD = 02 E/+
ZT = 12 1355 15/10

51
W
E GMT
LMT

GMT = 10 1355

43
(E) = 01 3148 /+
LMT = 11 4543 15/10/84

51 conversion of arc
to time : 22 : 01 28 6
4
22 57 57: 0348 = 022 57 :
01 28
0348 +
01 3148

Mer.Pass = LMT (1)

GMT = LMT +/- hrs (+:W, -:E) (2)
ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (3)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W)

mer.pass

Merpass = LMT = 11 4600 15/10/84

= 01 3148 E/-
GMT = 10 1412

D = (7,5 + 022 57) / 15 = 2 E

GMT = 10 1412
ZD =2 E/+
Z = 12 1412

LMT = LAT +/- E

merr pass < 12
mer pass > 12 +
LAT = 12 0000

44


LMT = LAT +/- E (1)

GMT = LMT +/- hrs (+:W, -:E) (2)
ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (3)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (4)

To E
12

LAT = 11 5960 ZD = (7,5 + 022 57) / 15 = 2 E

= - 1418
LMT = 11 44102 GMT = 10 1354
= 01 3148 E/- ZD = 02 E/+
GMT = 10 1354 Z = 12 1354

1. 24-01-84
= 15 40N = 073 14E.

.

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).
Mer.pass = LMT
ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15 (2)
= GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W) (3)
GMT = LMT +/- hrs (-:E, +:W) (4)
LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (1)

LMT = 12 12 00
/hrs = 04 52 56 E/-
GMT = 07 19 04

45
ZD = 05 E/+
ZT = 12 19 04

LMT = LAT +/- Eqn of Time (1)
GMT = LMT +/- /hrs (-:E, +:W) (2)

LAT = 12 0000
= + 1159 Mer pas > 12
LMT = 12 1159
/hrs = 04 5256 E/-
GMT = 07 1903
ZD = 05 E/+
= 12 1903

2. ,
,
= 18 24N = 130 15E 24-03-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

, ,
, GMT.
,
increments,

.

360 00
/- = 130 15
GHA = 229 45
. = 223 24,8 03
. = 006 20,2 2521
GMT = 03 2521 GMT= 03 2521

46
 ZD = 09 E/+ /hrs = 08 4100E/+
ZT = 12 2521 LMT = 12 0621

3.
LMT,
= 093 45W 15-10-84.
( )

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA = 093 45 (:W)

. = 093 35,3 18
. = 000 09,7 0039
GMT = 18 0039 GMT= 18 0039
ZD = 06 W/- /hrs = 06 1500W/-
ZT = 12 0039 LMT = 11 4539

LMT = 11 46 00
/hrs = 06 15 00 W/+
GMT = 18 01 00 GMT = 18 01 00
ZD = 06 W/- /hrs = 06 15 00
ZT = 12 01 00 LMT = 11 46 00

LMT = LAT +/- Eqn of Time (1)
GMT = LMT +/- /hrs (-:E, +:W) (2)

47
LAT = 12 0000
= - 1418 Mer pas < 12
LMT = 11 4542
/hrs = 06 1500 W/+
GMT = 18 0042
ZD = 06 W/-
= 12 0042

4.

= 073 15E 09-08-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

360 00
E/- = 073 15
GHA = 286 45
. = 283 38,4 07
. = 003 06,6 1226
GMT = 07 1226
ZD = 05 E/+
ZT = 12 1226

LMT = 12 05 00
/hrs = 04 53 00 E/-
GMT = 07 12 00
ZD = 05 E/+
ZT = 12 12 00

48
5.

= 132 18W 22-03-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA = 132 18 (:W)

. = 118 18,9 20
. = 013 59,1 5556
GMT = 20 5556
ZD = 09 W/-
ZT = 11 5556

LMT = 12 07 00
/hrs = 08 49 12 W/+
GMT = 20 56 12
ZD = 09 W/-
ZT = 11 56 12

6.

= 060 15E 17-10-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

49
 LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

360 00
E/- = 060 15
GHA = 299 45
. = 288 40,1 07
. = 011 04,9 4419
GMT = 07 4419
ZD = 04 E/+
ZT = 11 4419

LMT = 11 45 00
/hrs = 04 01 00 E/-
GMT = 07 44 00
ZD = 04 E/+
ZT = 11 44 00

7.
,
= 050 15E 14-10-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA =
(W) GHA = 360 (E).

360 00
E/- = 050 15
GHA = 309 45
. = 303 30,5 08
. = 006 14,5 2458
GMT = 08 2458

50
 ZD = 03 E/+
ZT = 11 2458

LMT = 11 46 00
/hrs = 03 21 00 E/-
GMT = 08 25 00
ZD = 03 E/+
ZT = 11 25 00

1.
23-12-84
= 165 17,4E. ( = 11
5750, = 11 5751).
2.
30-04-84
= 116 28,5W. ( = 11
4302, = 11 4254).
3.
26-12-84
= 125 38W. ( = 12
2326, = 12 2332).
4.
17-10-84
= 099 54E. ( = 12
0544, = 12 0524).
5.
24-03-84
= 043 30E. ( = 12
1216, = 12 12).
6.
24-12-84
= 066 45E. ( = 11
3238, = 11 33).
7.
28-12-84
= 091 30,4W. ( = 12
0752, = 12 0802).
8.
05-05-84

51
 = 102 45W. ( = 11
4738, = 11 48).
9.
25-12-84
= 165 30E. ( = 11
5800, = 11 58).
10.
30-04-84
= 054 43E. ( = 12
1819, = 12 1808).

10.


1. GMT,
LMT Venus,
,
= 022 57E 16-10-84.

52


GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

X GHA
.
(E)
(W).
.

360
E/- = 022 57
GHA = 337 03
. = 332 16,9 12
. = 004 46,1 u = - 0,6
U = + 0,2
= 004 46,3 1905
GMT = 12 1905 GMT = 12 1905
ZD = 02 E/+ /hrsE/+ = 01 3148
ZT V = 14 1905 LMT = 13 50 53

U ,
GHA. increments
,
.

Mer.pass Venus, Saturn, Mars, Jupiter,

.

53
 .
.

16-10-84 Merpass Venus = 13 51

LMT = 13 5100
/hrs = 01 3148 E/-
GMT = 12 1912
ZD = 02 E/+
ZTV=14 1912

2. ,
Venus,
= 040 15E 21-01-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

360
/- = 040 15
GHA = 319 45
. = 305 46,5 06
. = 013 58,5 u = - 0,8
U = + 0,7

54
 = 013 59,2 5557
GMT = 06 5557 GMT = 06 5557
ZD = 03 A/+ /hrs/+ = 02 4100
ZT V = 09 5557 LMT = 09 3657

23-01-84 Merpass Venus = 09 40

20-01-84 Merpass Venus = 09 36
21-01-84 Merpass Venus = 09 37,3

LMT = 09 37,3
/hrs = 02 41 E/-
GMT = 06 56,3
ZD = 03 E/+
ZTV=09 56,3

3.
Jupiter,
, = 110 30W 15-10-84

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA = 110 30,0

. = 107 41,0 00 16/10
. = 002 49,0 u = + 2,1
U = - 0,4
= 002 48,6 1114

55
 GMT= 00 1114 GMT = 00 1114(16/10)
ZD = 07 W/- /hrsW/-= 07 2200
(15/10) T J =17 1114 LMT = 16 4914(15/10)

13-10-84 Merpass Jupiter = 16 57

16-10-84 Merpass Jupiter = 16 47
15-10-84 Merpass Jupiter = 16 50,3

LMT = 16 50,3
/hrs = 07 22 W/+
GMT = 24 12,3 16/10
ZD = 07 W/-
ZTJ=17 12,3 15/10

4.
Mars,
, = 085 36W 09-08-
84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA = 085 36,0

. = 085 32,9 00 10/8
. = 000 03,1 u = + 1,2
U = - 0,0
= 000 03,1 0012
GMT = 00 0012 GMT = 00 0012(10/8)

56
 ZD = 06 W/- /hrsW/-= 05 4224
(09/8) ZT M= 18 0012 LMT = 18 1748(09/8)

08-08-84 Merpass Mars = 18 20

11-08-84 Merpass Mars = 18 14
09-08-84 Merpass Mars = 18 18

LMT = 18 18
/hrs = 05 4224 W/+
GMT = 24 0024 (10/8)
ZD = 06 W/-
ZTM= 18 0024 (09/8)

1. Venus,
26-12-84
= 065 45W. ( = 15
3105, = 15 3042).
2. Saturn,
10-08-84
= 136 45E. ( = 17
1139, = 17 10).

11.

57
1.
,
= 025 45W 19-03-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA = 025 45,0

. = 019 27,10 03
. = 006 17,9 u = + 9,6
U = - 4,2
= 006 13,7 2606
GMT = 03 2606 GMT = 03 2606
ZD = 02 W/- /hrsW/- = 01 4300
ZT M= 01 2606 LMT = 01 4306

upper, lower,
.

LMT = 01 39,0
Cor = +03,6 19-03-84 merpass = 01 39
/hrs = 01 43W/+ 20-03-84 merpass = 02 31
GMT = 03 25,6 = 00 52

ZD = 02 W/- (52 25 ) / 360 = 3,6

ZTM=01 25,6
( mer pass 19/3)

merpass :

58
 - ,

.
-
.
-
360.
- merpass
, ,
.

2.
,
= 109 30W 25-12-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA .

GHA = 109 30,0

. = 104 15,1 22
. = 005 14,9 u = + 11,1
U = - 4,0
= 005 10,9 2143
GMT = 22 2143 GMT = 22 2143
ZD = 07 W/- /hrsW/- = 07 1800
ZT M = 15 2143 LMT = 15 0343

LMT = 14 48,0
Cor = +14,8 25-12-84 merpass = 14 48
/hrs = 07 18,0 W/+ 26-12-84 merpass = 15 37

59
GMT = 22 20,8 = 00 49
ZD = 07 W/- (49 109 ) / 360 = 14,8
ZTM=15 20,8

3.
,
= 050 24E 01-05-84.

GHA = (W) GHA = 360 (E). (1)

LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W) (2)

LHA = 0
GHA
= (W) GHA = 360 (E).

GHA .

360
/- = 050 24,0
GHA = 309 36,0
. = 298 04,5 08
. = 011 31,5 u = + 13,6
U = - 11,0
= 011 20,5 4732
GMT = 08 4732 GMT = 08 4732
ZD = 03 E/+ /hrsE/+ = 03 2136
ZT M = 11 4732 LMT = 12 0908

LMT = 12 16,0
Cor = - 06,2 01-05-84 merpass = 12 16
/hrs = 03 21,5 E/- 30-04-84 merpass = 11 31
GMT = 08 48,3 = 00 45

60
ZD = 03 E/+ (45 50 ) / 360 = 06,2
ZTM=11 48,3

1.
10-08-84 = 125 15E. (
23 0221).
2.
09-08-84 = 105 30E. (
22 33).
3.
17-10-84 = 152 30E. (
17 22).
4.
28-12-84 = 020 30E. (
16 40).
5.
24-03-84 = 066 45E. (
05 28,1).
6.
25-12-84 = 165 30E. (
01 56).
7.
03-05-84 = 102
45E.( = 12 06, = 13 48,6)
8.
19-03-84
= 069 30W.( = 11 46,
= 13 53).
9.
22-03-84 = 038
42W.( = 11 41,8, = 03 57,5).
10.
15-10-84 = 108
30W.( = 12 00, = 04 07).
12.


1.
Sirius,

61
 , = 045
20E 17-10-84.

LHA = LHAstar - SHA

LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+:E / -:W)
GHA = LHA +/- (+:W, -:E)
RA = 360 - SHAstar
LHAstar = 0 360
LHA = 360 - SHAstar.
LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W)

LHAs = 360 00
SHAs = 258 53 -
LHA= 101 07
/- = 045 20
GHA= 055 47,0
. = 055 45,6 02
= 000 01,4 0005
GMT = 02 0005 GMT = 02 0005
ZD = 03 E/+ /hrs = 03 0120E/+
S =05 0005 LMT = 05 0125

merpass
Aries merpass,
.
,
.

.
- 0 45 E W
.
- 45 135 E W 1 :
E 1 : W.
- 135 180 E W 2
: E 2 :W.

62
 0
45 45
0 0

W -1 +1 E

-2 +2

135 135
180

Merpass = 22 17,6
Cor - 04,0
LMTmp = 22 13,6

360
SHAstar = 258 53
RA = 101 07 : 06 44,4
LMTmp = 22 13,6
LMTmps = 28 58,0
( 24hrs - 24
) LMTmps = 04 58,0 (18-10-84)

( = 045 20E + 01= 045 21) /hrs = 03 0120 E/-
GMT = 01 5640
ZD = 03 E/+
ZTmps = 04 5640 (18/10)

2.
Aldebaran,
, = 018
10W 01-05-84.

LHA = LHAstar - SHA

LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+:E / -:W)
GHA = LHA +/- (+:W, -:E)

63
RA = 360 - SHAstar
LHAstar = 0 360
LHA = 360 - SHAstar.
LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W)

LHAs = 360 00,0

SHAs = 291 15,3 -
LHA= 068 44,7
/+ = 018 10
GHA= 086 54,7
. = 084 43,2 15
= 002 11,5 0844
GMT = 15 0844 GMT = 15 0844
ZD = 01 W/- /hrs = 01 1240W/-
S =14 0844 LMT = 13 5604

Merpass = 09 22,0
Cor - 0,0
LMTmp = 09 22,0

360
SHAstar = 291 15,3
RA = 068 44,7 : 04 3459
LMTmp = 09 2200
LMTmps = 13 5659

( = 018 10W + 0= 018 10) /hrs = 01 1240 W/+
GMT = 15 0939
ZD = 01 W/-
ZTmps = 14 0939

3.
Sirius,
, = 092
28W 05-05-84.

64
LHA = LHAstar - SHA
LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+:E / -:W)
GHA = LHA +/- (+:W, -:E)
RA = 360 - SHAstar
LHAstar = 0 360
LHA = 360 - SHAstar. (1)
LMT = GMT +/- hrs (+:E, -:W)

LHAs = 360 00,0

SHAs = 258 53,6 -
LHA= 101 06,4
/+ = 092 28,0
GHA= 193 34,4
. = 178 54,5 21
= 014 39,9 5830
GMT = 21 5830 GMT = 21 5830
ZD = 06 W/- /hrsW = 06 0952
S =15 5830 LMT = 15 4838

Merpass = 09 10,3 (04-05-84)

Cor - 4,0
LMTmp = 09 06,3 (05-05-84)

360
SHAstar = 258 53,6
RA = 101 06,4 :06 44,4
LMTmp = 09 06,3
LMTmps = 15 50,7

( = 092 28W - 01= 092 27) /hrs = 06 09,8 W/+
GMT = 22 00,5
ZD = 06 W/-
ZTmps = 16 00,5

1.
Canopus 24-03-84
= 140 30W. ( 18 35,4).

65
 2.
Altair 07-08-84
= 122 15E. ( 22 38,9).

13.

.
1.
ZT = 20 00 22 00 17-10-84
= 022 57 E.

66


LHAstar = GHA + SHA +/- (+:E / -:W)

GHA = LHA +/- (+:W, -:E)
LHA = GHA +/- (+:E, -:W)
SHA = 360 LHA

ZT = 20 00 = 22 00
ZD = 02 E/- ZD = 02 E/-
GMT = 18 00 GMT = 20 00
GHA = 296 25 GHA = 326 30
/+ = 022 57 /+ = 022 57
LHA = 319 22 LHA = 349 27
- 360 - 360
SHAstar = 040 38 SHAstar = 010 33

000
010 33

04038

270 090

180

. :
- O > 90 .
- O < 90
.
- > 90
.

67
14.

1. 17-10-84 = 035 10E

= 45 10 = - 1,5
Uo = 30ft, .
. = 12 23.

68


= +/- dip +/- total

= 90
= +/- (+:, -:)

= 12 23 = 45 10,0
ZD = 02 E/- = - 01,5
GMT = 10 23 = 45 08,5
Dec = 09 23,3S d = 0,9 dip = - 05,3
d = + 0,4 = 45 03,2

= 09 23,7S total = + 15,3
= 45 18,5
- 90
( = 44 41,5N
) = 09 23,7S -
( ) = 35 17,8N

2. 10-08-84 = 26 33N = 050 04W

= 78 14 = +
2 Uo = 18m, .
. = 12 1403 = -
03.

= +/- dip +/- total

= 90
= +/- (+:, -:)

= 12 1403 = 78 14,0
= - 03 = + 02,0
= 12 1400 = 78 16,0
ZD = 03 W/+ dip = - 07,5
GMT = 15 1400 = 78 08,5

69
Dec = 15 23,7N d = 0,7 total = + 15,7
d = - 0,2 = 78 24,2

= 15 23,5N - 90
( = 11 35,8N
) = 15 23,5N +
( ) = 26 59,3N

3. 22-01-84 = 04 24,2N = 027 50E

= 65 33 =
+0,7 Uo = 14,5m, .
. = 12 1920
= - 2.

= +/- dip +/- total

= 90
= +/- (+:, -:)

= 12 1920 = 65 33,0
= - 02 = + 0,7
= 12 1918 = 65 33,7
ZD = 02 E/- dip = - 06,7
GMT = 10 1918 = 65 27,0
Dec = 19 48,8S d = 0,6 total = + 15,8
d = - 0,2 = 65 42,8

= 19 48,6S - 90
( = 24 17,2N
) = 19 48,6S -
( ) = 04 28,6N

4. 04-05-84 = 33 14N = 023 10E

= 72 45 = +
1 Uo = 50ft, .
. = 12 2420.

70
 = +/- dip +/- total
= 90
= +/- (+:, -:)

= 12 2420 = 72 45,0
= 00 = + 01, 0
= 12 2420 = 72 46,0
ZD = 02 /- dip = - 06,9
GMT = 10 2420 = 72 39,1
Dec = 16 04,7N d = 0,7 total = + 15,6
d = + 0,3 = 72 54,7

= 16 05,0N - 90
= 17 05,3N
= 16 05,0N +
= 33 10,3N

5. 10-08-84 = 32 30N = 017 50E

= 72 44,5 =
0 Uo = 40ft, .
.

= +/- dip +/- total

GMT=LMT+/- (- / + )
= 90
= +/- (+:, -:)

Merpass = 12 0500 = 72 44,5

/hrsE/- = 01 1120 = 0, 0

GMT = 10 5340 = 72 44,5
Dec = 15 27,3N d = 0,7 dip = - 06,1
d = - 0,6 = 72 38,4

= 15 26,7N total = + 15,6
= 72 54,0
- 90

71
( = 17 06,0N
) = 15 26,7N +
( ) = 32 32,7N

.
:
- merpass
- ,
.
GMT ZD
, = GMT +/- ZD (+:E, -:W)

15.

72


.

P: Hour Angle
:
Gp:
PZ: / (colatitude).(90 )
Gp P: (90 +/- )
AP GP: (90 )

P:
: /
:

73
 PZ: ( 90 )
Gp P: 90
:

.

, 180

(
)
calculator casio

74


= +/- (1) (+ / - ), > 180

360
E W .
= +/- (2) (+/-
)

, SHIFT COS
60
.
- 090
.
- 20 25,

/ 60. 25 / 60 = 0,4
20 + 0,4= 20,4 .
- ,
5 .

1. : 43 00N =
010 00W, : = 25 42N = 075 00W.

:
= 010 00W
= 075 00W -
= 065 00W

:
= 43 25,7 65 + 43 25,7
= 0,73135 0,90107 0,42261 + 0,68199 0,43365
= 0,57426 SHIFT COS : 54,95 60 = 3297,1 ()

2. : = 41 00N =
142 00E, = 34 00S = 072 00W.

:
= 142 00E

75
 = 072 00W +
= 214 00W
360
= 146 00E

:
= 41 34 146 41 34
= [0,75470 0,82903 (- 0,82903)] (0,65605 0,55919)
= - 0, 88557 SHIFT COS : 152,32 x 60 = 9139,3 . ()

3. = 41 00N =
142 24E, = 36 18N = 123 36W.

:
= 142 24E
= 123 36W
= 265 60W
- 359 60
= 094 00E

:
= 41 36,3 94 + 41 36,3 .
= 0,34596 SHIFT COS : 69,75 60 = 4185,5 ()

(
)
calculator casio

= +/- (1) (+:/, -:/). N S,

.
60
.
= +/- (2) (+:/, -:/).
Meridional Parts,

76
 ,
.

= +/- (3) (+:/, -:/). > 180
360,
E W .
60
.
= / (4)
SHIFT TAN,

.

.
.
= (5)
= 1/
, COS
SHIFT 1/X
.
= +/- x (6) (+:/, -:/).
> 90
.
,
SHFT COS,
.
60
.
/ = (7)
,
.

1. = 36 00S = 020
30E = 24 40S = 045 30W.

, , :
= 36 00S = 2304,5S = 020 30E
= 24 40S - = 1518,3S - = 045 30W
= 11 20N = 786,2 = 066 00W
60 60

77
 = 680 = 3960

:
= 3960/786,2 = 5,03688 SHIFT TAN: 78,77 () 281,23

:
= 78,77078 COS SHIFT 1/X 5,13519 x 680 = 3491,9 .

:
= 36 24 40 066 + 36 X 24 40
= 0,80901 0,90923 0,40673 + 0,58778 0,41628
= 0,29918 + 0,24468
= 0,54386 SHIFT COS: 57,05
= 57,05 60 = 3423,1

-:
= 3491,9 3423,1 = 68,8

2. = 38 00S = 179
00W = 05 55N = 079 00W.

, , :
= 38 00S = 2454,1 S = 179 00W
= 05 55N + = 353,3 N + = 079 00W -
= 43 55N = 2807,4 = 100 00E
60 60
= 2635 = 6000

:
= 6000 / 2807.4 = 2,13720 SHIFT TAN: N 64,92 E ()

:
= 64,92510 COS SHIFT 1/X 2,35958 x 2635 = 6217,5

:
= (38 05 55 100) (38 05 55)
= [0,78801 0,99470 (- 0,17364)] (0,61566 0,10279)
= - 0,19938 SHIFT COS: 101,50120 X 60 = 6090,8 ()

-:
= 6217,5 6090,8 = 126,7

78
3. = 24 43,8N =
145 24,1W = 32 14,7N = 134 08,3E.

, , :

= 24 43,8N = 1522,4 N = 145 24,1W

= 32 14,7N - = 2033,3 N - = 134 08,3E +
= 07 30,9N = 510,9 = 279 32,4E
60 - 359 60
= 450,9 = 080 27,6W
60
= 4827,6

:
= 4827,6 / 510,9 = 9,44920 SHIFT TAN : 83,95 () 276,05

:
= 83,95893 COS SHIFT 1/X 9,50197 x 450,9 = 4284,4

:
= 24 43,8 32 14,7 080 27,6 + 24 43,8
32 14,7= 0,35052 SHIFT COS : 69,48 X 60 = 4168,8 ()

-:
= 4284,4 4168,8 = 115,6 .

4. = 34 00S = 024
54E = 39 20S = 061 06W.

, , :
= 34 00S = 2158,6 S = 024 54E
= 39 20S - = 2556,1 S - = 061 06W +
= 05 20S = 397,5 = 086 00W
60 60
= 320 = 5160

:
= 5160 / 397,5 = 12,98113 SHIFT TAN : S 85,59 W () 265,59

:
= 85,59492 COS SHIFT 1/X 13,01957 x 320 = 4166 .

79
 :
= 34 39 20 86 + 34 39 20
= 0,82903 0,77384 0,06975 + 0,55919 0,63338
= 0,39829 SHIFT COS : 66,48 x 60 = 3988,8 . ()
-:
= 4166 3988,8 = 177,2 .

( ( & )
, ,
).
calculator casio

= +/- (1) (+:/, -:/). > 180

360,
E W .
= +/- (2) (+:/, -:/).
> 90
.
,
SHFT COS,
.
60
.
= (3)
SHIFT COS.
.
= (4)
SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN

shift (.,,,)
: < 090
.
> 090
.
= +/- (4) (+,-) > 180

80
 360 .
.

1.
,
= 41 00N = 142 00E = 34
00S = 072 00W, =
086,4 .

:
= 142 00E
= 072 00W +
= 214 00W
- 360
= 146 00E

:
= (41 34 146 ) (41 34)
= - 0,88557 SHIFT COS : 152,32 X 60 = 9139,36 . ()

:
= 41 86,4
= 0,75470 0,99802
= 0,75322 SHIFT COS : 41,13 N ()

:
= 41 86,4
= 0,65605 15,89454
= 10,42755 SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN : 5,47779 SHIFT .,,, ()
= 005 28E
:
= 05 28E
= 142 00E +
= 147 28E

2.
,

81
 = 40 00N = 140 00E = 36
00S = 070 00W, =
088,4 .

:
= 140 00E
= 070 00W +
= 210 00W
- 360
= 150 00E

:
= (40 36 150) (40 36)
= 0,76604 0,80901 (- 0,86602) ( 0,64278 0,58778)
= - 0,91453 SHIFT COS : 156,13 60 = 9368,4 ()

:
= 40 88,4
= 0,76604 0,99961
= 0,76574 SHIFT COS : 40,02 40 01 N ()

:
= 40 88,4
= 0,64278 35,80055
= 23,01215 SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN : 2,48 SHIFT .,,, : 02 29E
()

:
= 140 00E
= 002 29E
= 142 29E

3.
,
= 34 00N = 120 40W =
12 45N = 124 20E,
= 064,96 .

:
= 120 40W

82
 = 124 20E +
= 245 00E
- 360
= 115 00W

:
= 34 12,75 115 + 34 12,75
= 0,82903 0,97534 (- 0,42261) + 0,55919 0,22069
= - 0,21831 SHIFT COS : 102,61 60 = 6156,6 ()

:
= 34 64,96
= 0,82903 0,90601
= 0,75111SHIFT COS :41,31 SHIFT .,,, : 41 18N ()

:
= 34 64,96
= 0,55919 2,14060
= 1,19701 SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN : 39,87 SHIFT .,,, : 39 52W
()

:
= 120 40W
= 039 52W +
= 160 32W

( ( & )
,
).
calculator casio

= +/- (1) (+:/, -:/). N S,

.
= +/- (2) (+:/, -:/).
Meridional Parts,

83
 ,
.
= +/- (3) (+:/, -:/). > 180
360,
.
= +/- (4) (+:/, -:/).
> 90
.
,
SHFT COS,
.
60
.
= / (5)
SHIFT TAN,

.

.
.
= (6)
= 1/
, COS
SHIFT 1/X
.
/ = (7)
,
.
= ( ) / (8)
,
SHIFT
SIN
.
= (9)
SHIFT COS.
.
= (10)
SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN

(.,,,)
: < 090
.

84
 > 090
.
= +/- (11)(+,-) > 180
360 .
.

1. ( &)
= 40 00S = 056 06W = 33
03S, = 030 54E.

= 056 06W
= 030 54E +
= 087 00E

:
= 40 33,05 87 + 40 33.05
= 0,76604 0,83819 0,05233 + 0,64278 0,54537
= 0,38416 SHIFT COS : 67,40 ()

:
= (33,05 87) / 67,4
= (0,83819 0,99862) / 0,92321
= 0,90666 SHIFT SIN : 65,04 ()

:
= 40 65,04
= 0,76604 0,90660
= 0,69449 SHIFT COS : 46,01 () 46 00,6S

:
= 40 65,04
= 0,64278 2,14842
= 1,38096 SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN : 35,9 35 54E ()

:
= 056 06W
= 035 54E -
= 020 12W

85
2. ,
( & ) , = 38 00S
= 077 30W = 39 34S = 177 30E .

, , :
= 38 00S = 2454,1 S = 077 30W
= 39 34S - = 2574,2 S - = 177 30E +
= 01 34S = 120,1 = 255 00E
60 - 360
= 94 = 105 00W
60
= 6300

:
= 6300 / 120,1 = 52,45628 SHIFT TAN : S 88,9 W () 268,9

:
= 88,90787 COS SHIFT 1/X 52,46559 x 94 = 4931,7

:
= 38 39,5 105 + (38 39,5)
= 0,78801 0,77162 (-0,25881) + 0,61566 0,63607
= 0,23422 SHIFT COS : 76,45 60 = 4587,2 ()

-:
= 4931,7 4587,2 = 344,5

:
= (39,5 105) / 76,45
= (0,77162 0,96592) / 0,97216
= 0,76666 SHIFT SIN : 50,05 ()

:
= 38 50,05
= 0,78801 0,76660
= 0,60409 SHIFT COS : 52,83 S SHIFT .,,, : 52 50 S ()

:
= 38 50,05
= 0,61566 1,19386

86
 = 0,73501 SHIFT 1/X SHIFT TAN : 53,68W SHIFT .,,, : 53
41W ()

= 077 30W
= 053 41W +
= 131 11W

3. ,
( & ) , = 40 00
= 130 24 = 32 32 = 015 24 .

,,:
= 40 00S = 2607,9 S = 130 24E
= 32 32S - = 2053,8 S - = 015 24E -
= 07 28N = 554,1 = 115 00W
60 60
= 448 = 6900

:
= 6900 / 554,1 = 12,45262 SHIFT TAN : N 85,4 W () 274,6

:
= 85,40875 COS SHIFT 1/X 12,49270 x 448 = 5596,7

:
= 40 32,5 115 + 40 32,5
= 0,76604 0,84339 (-0,42261) + 0,64276 0,53729
= 0,07232 SHIFT COS : 85,85 x 60 = 5151,1

:
= 5597,7 5151,1 = 445,6

:
= (32,5 115) / 85,85
= (0,84339 0,90630) / 0,99737
= 0,76638 SHIFT SIN : 50,03 ()

:
= 40 50,03
= 0,76604 0,76638
= 0,58707 SHIFT COS : 54,05 S 54 03 S ()

87
 :
= 40 50,03
= 0,64278 1,19302
= 0,76685 SHIFT 1/ SHIFT TAN : 52,51 W SHIFT .,,, : 52 31
W()

= 130 24E
= 052 31W -
= 077 53E

( , ,

).
calculator casio

= ,
= /
,
COS SHIFT 1/X = ,
60

. SHIFT .,,,
.

.

= +/- (+: /, -: /)
= +/- (+: /, -: /)

= +/- (+: /, -: /)

= / ,
=

88

60.
,
SHIFT .,,,
.

.

= +/- (4) (+:/, -:/).

> 90
.
,
SHFT COS,
.
60
.

/ = (7)
,
.

1. , ,
= 17 48,6N, = 170 48,1W, = 121,88 = 2847,7 .

:
: 121,88 COS SHIFT = - 1,89343
= 2847,7 / (- 1,89343) = 1503,9 / 60 = 25,06 S SHIFT .,,, 25 03,9 S

= 180 121,9 = S 58,12 E

:
= 25 03,9S
= 17 48.6N -
= 07 15,3S

:
= 1079,1 N
= 433,4 S +
= 1512,5

89
 :
= 121,88 1512,5
= 2431,8 / 60 = 40.53 SHIFT .,,, : 40 31,8 E
:
= 040 31,8E
= 170 48,1W -
= 130 16,3E

:
= 17,8 7,25 40,53 (17,8 7,25)
= 0,95371 0,99200 0,76006 ( 0,30569 0,12619)
= 0,67931 SHIFT COS : 47,209 60 = 2832,6 ()

:
= 2847,7 2832,6 = 15,1 .

1.
, = 36 00N = 141 45E = 33 40N =
120 15W.
: = 252 , = 46 42,9N = 171 25,5E.

2. ( = 40
00N = 070 00W) ( = 35 24N = 011
00W).
: - = 61 .

3.
= 49 58N = 005 12W,
= 39 17N = 076 36W.
: - = 117,6 , = 51 56,9N = 026 25,2W.

4. = 41 20N = 150 15E = 45 24N = 135

40W. .
: = 126 .

5. = 48 14N = 153 20W = 40 58N = 090

17W. .
: = 80,3 .

90
6. = 47 10S = 085 18W = 52 58S = 018
03E. .
: = 365,5 .

7. = 26 33,2N =
015 04W = 08 46,7N = 001 38,5E.
: - = 6,1 .

8. = 47 12N = 010
15W = 42 25N = 075 45W.
.
: - = 89,8 .

9. = 31 15N
= 121 29E = 21 18N = 157 52W.
: = 106,7 .

91
 16. MARCQ

Thomas Summer 1837. 1875
Anatole Marcq ,
.
,
,
Summer,
Borda Lalande,
.

92
 ,
,
GP, AP,
, ,
GP AP.

Marcq



GP

DR.


GP
(90 ),


. DR GP
,
. .
Marcq
.

93

.
DR--GP
DR-GP : = LHA
+ ( +/- ), + , - .
DR-GP = Z .
-GP =
. DR-T
,

DR
.

DR
. (+) (towards), DR
> (-)
(away), DR
, <.

. (+)
> (-) , <.

, ,
ABC,
.


.
(+) (-).
, ,
,
30
.

calculator casio

: = LHA +/-
(+: , -: ).

, .

94
 :
= (LHA ) / .
: 1
( >
: sin = sin / sin)
()>() 1
, ()<()
. ()=()=0
.

ABC.

HO 229

- LHA (
,
30 ).
- ,
30 .
- . ,
,
interpolation table.

.
> (+),
, < (-),
.

,
SAME NAME,
, CONTRARY NAME.
c, d, z. c
d = (d
) / 60, c
d.
z .
( )
LHA.

95


,
,

,
, .

.

,
.

A A

4 4

.

LHA .

96

.
,
0,25. 60
0,12. 270 090
.

,
:

-
, , .
- ,
.

.

- ,


.

97


1. 08-08-84 GMT: 16 2620, = 06 54S =

022 00W, = 41 30 =
+1,5 U = 55ft. .

LHA = GHA +/- (E: +, W: -) (1)

= +/- + / . (2)
= LHA +/- (: +, : -) (3)

98
 229
= (LHA ) / (4)
ABC 229
= (5)
(6)

LHA
GMT 16: GHA = 058 37,0 = 15 57,8N d = - 0,7
2620 inc = 006 35,0 - 0,3
GHA = 065 12,0
= 15 57,5N
= 022 12,0W/-
LHA = 043 00

= 41 30
= 1,5+

= 41 31,5
Dip = 7,2-

= 41 24,3
Total = 14,9+

= 41 39,2

calculator
= 7 15 57,5 43 (7 15 57,5)
=0.66442 = 41 38,3

229
Hc = 42 02,3 d = - 25,1 z = 117,5
- 24,0

= 41 38,3 d = (25,1 X 57,5) / 60 = 24,0

=(LHA) / =(43 1557,5)/4138 ,3=

=0,87738 =61,3

= N 61,3 W
: A = 360 61,3 = 298,7

229:
Z = 117,5 . (S) LHA less than 180
Zn=180+Z : 180 + 117,5 = 297,5 .

99

= 41 39,2
= 41 38,2
= + 01,0 >

= 298

= + 1,0
= 07 S
DR

= 022 12W

2. 07-08-84 GMT: 06 10 20 = 45
08N = 163 45E = 21
52 = +1,5 Uo = 17m.
.

100
LHA = GHA +/- (E: +, W: -) (1)
= +/- + / . (2)
= LHA +/- (: +, : -) (3)
229
= (LHA ) / (4)
ABC 229
= (5)
(6)

LHA
GMT 06 GHA = 268 34,3 = 16 21,9N d = -0,7
1020 incr. = 002 35,0 - 0,1

GHA = 271 09,3 = 16 21,8N

= 163 50,7E/+
LHA = 435 00,0
- 360 00,0
LHA = 075 00,0

= 21 52
= + 1,5

= 21 53,5
Dip = - 7,3
= 21 46,2
Total = + 13,6
= 21 59,8

calculator
= 45 16 21,8 075 + (45 16 21,8)
= 0,37481 = 22 00,7

229
c = 21 46,0 d = 40,5 z = 88,8
+ 14,7 d = (40,5 X 21,8) / 60 = 14,7

= 22 00,7
=(LHA) / =(75 16 21,8)/2200 ,7=
=0,99967 =88,5

= N 88,5 W
: A = 360 88,5 = 271,5

101
 229
Z = 88,8 . (N) LHA less than 180 Zn=360-Z
: 360 - 88,8 = 271,2 .

= 22 00,7
= 21 59,8
= - 00,9 <

= 271,2

= -0,9 = 45 N

= 163 50,7E

102
3. 20-03-84 = 39 48N = 037 02W, GMT = 13
2537 = 47 12,1 = +1,5
Uo = 55ft. .

LHA = GHA +/- (E: +, W: -) (1)

= +/- + / . (2)
= LHA +/- (: +, : -) (3)
229
= (LHA ) / (4)
ABC 229
= (5)
(6)

LHA
GMT 13 GHA = 013 08,6 = 0 02,6N d = +1,0
2537 incr = 006 24,3 + 0,4

GHA = 019 32,9 = 0 03,0N

= 036 32,9 W/-
LHA = 343 00 (
GHA 360 379 32,9).

= 47 12,1
= +1,5

= 47 13,6
Dip = - 7,2

= 47 06,4
Total = + 15,3
= 47 21,7

229
Hc = 47 06,1 d = + 56,6 z = 154,6
+ 2,8 d = ( 56,6 X 3,0) / 60 = 2,8

H = 47 08,9

103
 229
Z = 154,6 . (N) LHA greater than 180 Zn=Z
: 154,6 .

= 47 21,7
= 47 08,9
= 12,8 + >

= 036 32,9W

= 40 N
= 12,8 +

= 154,6

104
4. 24-03-84 = 07 16N = 074 35W
= 56 35 = +3.
= 14 1451 -3 Uo = 10m.
.

LHA = GHA +/- (E: +, W: -) (1)

= +/- + / . (2)
= LHA +/- (: +, : -) (3)
229
= (LHA ) / (4)
ABC 229
= (5)
(6)

= 14 1451
= - 03
= 14 1448

ZT = 14 1448
ZD = 05 + /
GMT = 19 1448

LHA
GMT 19 GHA = 103 27,8 = 01 43,1N d = +1,0
1448 incr = 003 42,0 + 0,2
GHA = 107 09,8 = 01 43,3N
W/- = 074 09,8
LHA = 033 00

= 56 35
= + 03
= 56 38
Dip = - 05,6
= 56 32,4

105
Total = + 15,6
= 56 48

229
c = 56 33,3 d = + 10,9 z = 98,9
+ 07,9 d = (10,9 X 43,3) / 60 = 7,9

H = 56 41,2

229
Z = 98,9 . (N) LHA less than 180 Zn=360-Z
: 360 - 98,9 = 261,1 .

= 56 48,0
= 56 41,2
= + 06,8 >

= 6,8+ = 07 N

= 261

= 074 09,8W

106


1. 23-01-84 GMT = 22 3505, = +5,

= 05 55N = 174 05W,
= 58 50,5 =
+1,0 Uo = 50ft. .
: = + 1,2, = 145

2. 30-04-84 GMT = 06 1225 = 37

50N = 027 20E =
33 12 = + 1,5 Uo = 35ft.
.
: = + 0,2, = 098 .

3. 23-01-84 ZT = 10 5432 =+3s,

= 44 08S = 062 27E,
= 61 30,7 = +2 Uo =
23m. .
: = - 7,1, = 035,1

4. 24-03-84 ZT = 00 3329, =+3,

= 38 11N = 058 10W
Alphard = 24 22,7 = +1 Uo = 24m.
: = +5,0 = 236,5 .

5. 20-03-84 ZT = 23 3000 = +2,

= 15 18N = 080 30W
Bellatrix = 06 53 = - 2 Uo = 20m.
. ( calculator)
: = + 8,8, = 274.9

107
6. 24-03-84 ZT = 11 0621 = - 2,
= 38 40N = 083 23E,
= 48 11 = +2,6
Uo = 26m. .
: = + 3,3, = 146,1

7. 02-05-84 = 10 4815, = +3,

= 40 05N = 085 20E,
= 58 35 = +2
Uo = 22m. .
= = - 5,9 = 136,2

8. 19-03-84 = 11 1000 = -3
= 41 30N = 078 21W,
= 45 13 = +2
Uo = 22m. . calculator)
: = -12,3 = 153,9 .

9. 10-08-84 = 10 1822, = -2,

= 43 10N = 079 20E,
= 56 39 = + 2, Uo =15m.
.
: = +7,6, = 139,4 .

10. 12-08-84 = 16 4825 = -3,

= 40 14N = 064 21E, mars = 26
15 = 0,3, Uo = 24m.
.
: = - 4,2, = 162,2 .

11. 09-08 -84 = 21 1210 = + 2,

= 38 15N = 041 20W, Altair = 57
20 = + 0,2 Uo = 24m.
.
: = + 8,1, = 148,5 .

12. 30-04-84 = 11 0400 = + 2,

= 39 08N = 083 18,9E,
= 57 10,7 = +1,
Uo = 21m. .
: = +6,1, = 159,4 .

108
13. 24-01-84 ZT = 17 1110 = +2,
= 03 14N = 043 25E,
= 16 01 = -3, Uo = 12m.
. ( calculator)
: = +10, 9, = 248,9.

14. 25-12-84 ZT = 11 1129 = -3,

= 42 08S = 085 16E,
= 66 34 = + 2, Uo = 22m.
.
: = +6,1, = 042 .

15. 11-08-84 ZT = 18 1123 = -2,

= 40 24N = 094 12W, Vega
= 52 08,5 = +2, Uo = 20m.
.
: = + 10,8, = 076,4 .

109
 17.


.

, ,


. F = (k X m X m) / r2 .
,
, .
F ,
,
F1,
F1 F.
,
,
.

110
 , .
<, F
F2 .
F F2.
F1 F = F F2,
.

, ,
,
,
.

,
,
.
,
.

111


SAN
DIEGO 02-03-84.

HW LW
time height time height
08 54 5,9ft 02 51 1,3ft

21 48 4,7ft 15 33 -0,5ft

112
 08 54

21 48

02 51
5,9ft

1,3ft 4,7ft

CD

15 33

St. Marys
pool (1087) 15-02-84

HW LW
time height time height
03 57 11,8ft 10 28 1,6ft

113
 00 37- 02,6 + 00 47- 0,2
03 20 14,4ft 09 41 1,4ft

HW LW
time height time height
16 21 11,8ft 22 48 1,3ft
00 37- 02,6 + 00 47- 0,2
15 44 14,4ft 22 01 1,1ft

03 20
15 44

14,4ft 14,4ft 22 01
09 41

CD 1,4ft 1,1ft

(ratio)

114
 Ensenada
(San Diego) (403) 18-01-84

HW LW
time height time height
08 34 7,5ft 02 16 1,8ft
00 19- 0,92 00 11- 0,89
08 15 6,9ft 02 05 1,6ft

HW LW
time height time height
22 12 4,4ft 15 45 - 2,0ft
00 19- 0,92 00 11- 0,89
21 53 4,0ft 15 34 - 1,8ft

08 15

21 53

02 05
6,9ft
4,0ft

1,6ft
CD
-1,8ft

15 34

115

(ratio )

Cat Ba (Do
Son) (1575) 04-03-84.

HW LW
time height time height
05 25 9,2ft 19 39 2,8ft
00 05+ ( 0,97 + 0,7) 00 24- ( 0,97 + 0,7)
05 30 9,6ft 19 15 3,4ft

05 30

19 15

9,6ft

3,4ft
CD

116
 ( )

1. 4,5ft
Queenstown 03-03-84

HW LW
Time height time height
06 03 12,5ft 00 07 2,0ft

06 03

12,5ft
00 07

4,5ft
2,0ft
CD

duration: 06 03 00 07 = 05 56

117
range = 12,5 2,0 = 10,5ft
Dy = 4,5 2,0 = 2,5ft
Dx = 02 00

00 07 + 02 00 = 02 07 4,5ft.

2. 1,5ft
09-01-84 Breakwater harbour.

HW LW
Time height time height
12 33 3,6ft 18 52 0,2ft

12 33

3,6ft
18 52
1,5ft
0,2ft

CD

118

Duration = 18 52 12 33 = 06 19
Range = 3,6 0,2 = 3,4ft
Dy = 1,5 0,2 = 1,3ft
Dx = 02 39

18 52 02 39 = 16 13
1,5ft.

3.
2,0ft Breakwater Harbour 02-02-84.

HW LW
Time height time height
08 54 4,4ft 02 20 -0,3ft

08 54

4,4ft
2,0ft

CD
-0,3ft

02 20

119

Duration = 08 54 02 20 = 06 34
Range = 4,4 (- 0,3) = 4,7ft
Dy = 2,0 (- 0,3) = 2,3ft
Dx = 03 15

02 20 + 03 15 = 05 35
2,0ft.

( )

9ft
Dartmouth(1071) 03-02-84

HW LW
time height time height
06 25 12,5ft 00 29 2,0ft
00 42+ 1,8 + 00 09+ 0,5 +
07 07 14,3ft 00 38 2,5ft

120
 07 07

14,3ft

00 38 9,0ft

2,5ft
CD

Duration = 07 07 00 38 = 06 29
Range = 14,3 2,5 = 11,8ft
Dy = 14,3 9 = 5,3ft
Dx = 03 02

07 07 03 02 = 04 05
9,0ft.

( )

1. Queenstown
09 00 18-01-84.

HW LW

121
Time height time height
05 04 12,8ft 11 341,3ft

05 04

09 00

12,8ft
11 34

1,3ft
CD

Duration = 11 34 05 04 = 06 30
Range = 12,8 1,3 = 11,5
Dx = 11 34 09 00 = 02 34
Dy = 4,0ft

1,3 + 4,0 = 5,3ft 09 00.

2. Breakwater Harbour
15 00 08-02-84

122


HW LW
Time height time height
12 36 3.4ft 18 41 0,1ft

12 36

15 00

3,4ft
18 41

0,1ft
CD

Duration = 18 41 12 36 = 06 05
Range = 3,4 0,1 = 3,3ft
Dx = 15 00 - 12 36 = 02 24
Dy = 1,1ft

3,4 1,1 = 2,3ft 15 00.

123
 ( )

Exmouth(1065)
21 00 01-02-84.

HW LW
time height time height
17 30 11,5ft 23 56 2,3ft
01 04+ 0,9 - 00 39+ 0,5 -
18 34 10,6ft 00 35 1,8ft

18 34
21 00

10,6ft 00 35

1,8ft
CD

Duration = 18 34 00 35 = 06 01
Range = 10,6 1,8 = 8,8ft
Dx = 21 00 18 34 = 02 26
Dy = 3,1ft

10,6 3,1 = 7,5ft 21 00.

124
 ( )

6ft Torquay(1069) 04-03-84.

HW LW
time height time height
06 34 12,5ft 00 38 1,6ft
00 49+ 0,0 00 09+ 0,7 -
07 23 12,5ft 00 47 0,9ft

07 23

12,5ft
00 49
6,0ft
0,9ft
CD

Duration = 07 23 00 47 = 06 36
Range = 12,5 0,9 = 11,6ft
Dy = 6,0 0,9 = 5,1ft
Dx = 03 04

00 47 + 03 04 = 03 51
6,0ft.

125


Dover
08-01-84 max draft = 14m, CD 13m
1,5m clearance.

HW LW
Time height time height
01 44 6,3m 09 04 1,5m
14 01 5,9 21 12 1,7

01 44
14 01

06 52 10 39 19 40

6,3m 09 04 21 12
5,9m
2,5m
2,5 2,5
1,5m 1,7m
CD

13m
Bottom

draft = 14,0m
clear = 1,5
req.depth = 15,5
CD = 13,0
Min.tide = 02,5m

duration = 09 04 01 44 = 07 20
range = 6,3 1,5 = 4,8m X 3,28 = 15,74ft
Dy = 2,5 1,5 = 1,0m 3,28 = 3,28ft
Dx = 02 12

126
 09 04 02 12 = 06 52
.

Portsmouth 23-04-84
12,5m, clearance 1,0m, CD = 11m, airdraft = 31m, overhead clearance =
0,5m. 30m .
.

HW LW
Time height time height
04 27 3,8m 10 01 1,8m
Seas.change: 0,1 - 0,1
3,7m 1,7m

cable

30,0m

04 27 MHWS

3,7m 4,6m
10 01
3,1m
2,5m
1,7m CD

11,0m

bottom

draft = 12,5m airdraft = 31,0m

clearance = 01,0 ov.head cl. = 0,5
req. depth = 13,5 req.height = 31,5
CD = 11,0 Bridge = 30,0
Min tide = 02,5 max tide = 01,5m

127
 HWS4.7-0.1 =4,6 1,5 = 3,1m (
CD).

2,5 3,1m.

Duration = 10 01 04 27 = 05 34
Range = 3,7 1,7 = 2m 6,56ft
Dy1 = 3,7 3,1 = 0,6m 1,9ft
Dy2 = 2,5 1,7 = 0,8m 2,6ft
Dx1 = 02 01
Dx2 = 02 23

04 27 + 02 01 = 06 28
,
10 01 02 23 = 07 38

.

08 00 23-02-84 Start Point (No

21)? 3m HW ? CD = 10m,
Draft = 12m , Bridge = 42m , Air Draft = 43m , S. Margin = 0,5m
08 00?

Devonport 14 .64
Strt point 21 .78 23/2

LW 01 00 06 00 = 05 00 dif 00 10m
01 00 04 03 = 03 03 x = 00 06 00 05 = 00 01 + 04 03 = 04 04

HW 13 00 06 00 = 07 00 dif 00 25m
10 13 06 00 = 04 13 x = 00 15 00 30 = 00 15 + 10 13 = 10 28

LW 2,2 0,8 = 1,4 dif 0,0m

2,2 1,3 = 0,9 x = 0,0 0,1 = - 0,1 + 1,3 = 1,2m

HW 5,5 4,4 = 1,1 dif - 0,2m

128
 5,5 4,9 = 0,6 x = -0,1 0,2 = -0,3 + 4,9 = 4,6m

D = 10 28 04 04 = 06 24
R = 4,6 1,2 = 3,4m 11,15ft
Dx = 10 28 08 00 = 02 28
Dy = 3,6ft 1,1m + 4,6 = 3,5m

Dy = 4,6 3,0 = 1,6m 5,24ft

Dx = -03 03 + 10 33 = 07 30

08 00 10 00 + 3,5 = 13,5m > Draft +clear. ( 12 00 + 0,5 =

12,5)

MHWS = 5,5 0,2 = 5,3m

08 00 - 3,5m
1,8m HW
+42,0m
08 00 43,8m > airdraft + clear.(43,0 + 0,5 =
43,5)
.

129
 42,0m
MHWS
10 28
1,8m
08 00

5,3m
4,6m
04 04

3,5m
1,2m
CD

10m
bottom

.
1. 3
- 3
-
, 5
- 8
- , 12
- 15
- 16
2. 18
3. 25
4.
. 27
5. 29
6. 36
7. 37
8.

130
 39
9. LMT 42
10. LMT 52
11. LMT 57
12. LMT 61
13.
66
14.
. 68
14. 72
15. Marcq 92
16. 109

---
= +/- (+ / - ) = +/- (+ / - )
= +/- (+ / - ) = +/- (+ / - )
= ( + ) / 2 (+ / - ) = +/- (- / + )

- -
= + ()
= ()
= ()
= ( > : (E) / > : (W))
= ( > : (E) / > : (W))
=
() = () +/- (+ . / - .)

&
= +/- (+ E / - W)
= +/- (+ E / - W)
= +/- (+ W / - E)
= +/- (+ W / - E)

131

: = +/- (+ / - )
: = /
=
= 1 /
: = ( )
: = ( 090 .
/ . 090 . . )
= / (. )
= +/- (+ / - )

LHA = GHA +/- (+ E / - W)
LHA = LHAstar SHA
LHAstar = LHA + SHA
LHAstar = GHA + SHAstar +/- (+ E /- W)
GHA = LHA +/- (+ W / - E)
SHA = 360 LHA
RA = 360 SHA

ZT = GMT +/- ZD (+ E / - W)
GMT = ZT +/- ZD (- E / + W)
LMT = GMT +/- (+ E / - W)
ZD = ( + 7,5) / 15
LMT = LAT +/- E (+ mer pass > 12 / - mer pass < 12)
GMT = LMT +/- (- E / + W)
LMTx = LMT + RA

= + +1 +2 1

= +/- . +/- total corn.

= 90 ( )
= +/- (+ / - )

( )
= LHA +/- (+ / - )
= c ( + > c / - < c)

132
 = LHA X /
= /

133