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Lec2menu 14 PDF
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Procedura de desenare
1. $OHJH L RS LXQHD Open... din meniul derulant File úL VHOHFWD L ILúLHUXO OFFICE.DWG din
directorul LEVEL1 SHQWUX D vQFUFD GHVHQXO FH FRQ LQH SODQXO ELURXOXL SH FDUH VH YD OXFUD
3URLHF LD SODQ D ELURXOXL HVWH DILúDW vQ PRG FXUHQW vQ VLVWHPXO GH FRRUGRQDWH WCS (World
Coordinate Sistem) DFHVWD SXWkQG IL LGHQWLILFDW GXS WXO H[LVWHQW SH EUD XO D[HL
Y al simbolului de
PDL MRV $FHVW VHPQ LQGLF GLUHF LLOH D[HORU X, Y úL Z în sistemul de coordonate curent. Se pot defini, de
FWUH XWLOL]DWRU QRL VLVWHPH GH FRRUGRQDWH QXPLWH UCS (User Coordinate System), caz în care "W"-ul
H[LVWHQW SH EUD XO D[HL Y dispare.
'DF VLPEROXO HVWH DILúDW vQ RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH FRRUGRQDWH FXUHQW DWXQFL YD DSDUH R PLF FUXFH
OD ED]D DFHVWXLD 'DF DFHVW LFRQ QX SRDWH DSDUH vQ RULJLQH GH H[HPSOX DYH L PULW R ]RQ D GHVHQXOXL
LDU RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL QX DSDUH vQ LPDJLQHD GDW VLPEROXO UCSXOXL YD DSDUH LPSOLFLW vQ FRO XO GLQ
VWkQJD DO HFUDQXOXL LDU FUXFHD GH OD ED]D OXL QX YD IL DILúDW 6HQVXO SR]LWLY DO D[HL Z va fi implicit orientat
vQDIDUD HFUDQXOXL 3WUDWXO GLQ FRO XO VLPEROXOXL UCS HVWH DILúDW GDF D[D Z HVWH VSUH XWLOL]DWRU úL QX
HVWH DILúDW GDF D[D Z HVWH RULHQWDW vQVSUH HFUDQ 2ULHQWDUHD D[HL Z HVWH PDL SX LQ LPSRUWDQW OD
GHVHQXO SODQ ' GDU GHYLQH LQGLVSHQVDELO vQ FD]XO GHVHQHORU WULGLPHQVLRQDOH ' 'LQ DFHVW SXQFW GH
vedere, simbolul UCSXOXL SRDWH OXD GLIHULWH IRUPH GDU HOH YRU IL GHVFULVH GHWDOLDW vQ H[HUFL LLOH SHQWUX
desenele 3D.
2. 0LúFD L mouse-XO úL YHULILFD L GDF DILúDUHD FRRUGRQDWHORU HVWH IFXW vQ PRG GLQDPLF vQ SDUWHD
GH MRV D HFUDQXOXL vQ OLQLD GH VWDUH 'DF HOH QX VXQW DFWXDOL]DWH OD ILHFDUH VFKLPEDUH GH SR]L LH D
mouse-ului, se poate activa modul coord SULQ DSVDUHD WDVWHL F6 0XWkQG FXUVRUXO vQ FRO XO GLQ
GUHDSWD VXV DO HFUDQXOXL SXWH L REVHUYD F OLPLWHOH GHVHQXOXL VXQW IRDUWH PDUL desenul fiind
H[HFXWDW OD GLPHQVLXQHD UHDO.
ÌQ DFHVW H[HUFL LX HVWH SUHIHUDELO V DOHJHP RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH UHIHULQ vQ FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD MRV DO
FRQWXUXOXL ELURXOXL $FHDVWD SHUPLWH V FUHD L QRLOH HQWLW L OD GLVWDQ H VSHFLILFDWH UHODWLY ID GH QRXD
origine.
3. UCSXOXL vQ FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD
6WDELOL L QRXD RULJLQH D MRV DO ]LGXOXL H[WHULRU PXWkQG FXUVRUXO vQ
meniul derulant Tools alegând UCS úL Origin.
([HUFL LXO QU Autodesk Authorised Training Centre
3HQWUX D GHWHUPLQD SR]L LD RULJLQLL QRXOXLUCS, VHOHFWD L FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD MRV DO ]LGXOXL exterior al
ELURXOXL IRORVLQG RS LXQHD Intersection a modului de prindere (Shift úL EXWRQXO GLQ GUHDSWD DO
mouse-ului). UCSXO HVWH DILúDW DFXP vQ SXQFWXO VSHFLILFDW LDU DEVHQ D OLWHUHL W" din simbolul
VX DUDW F Y DIOD L vQ VLVWHPXO GH FRRUGRQDWH SURSULX úL QX vQ WCS.
Pentru a denumi noul UCS se alege din meniul derulant Tools RE LXQHD UCS úL comanda
Named UCS..., RE LQQGXVH IHUHDVWUD GLQ ILJXUD 6H VHOHFWHD] 8&6XO *NO NAME*, se
FOLFKHD] vQ FkPSXO Rename To:, VH úWHUJH *NO NAME*, se introduce numele noului UCS (de
exemplu COLT VH FOLFKHD] SH EXWRQXO Rename To: VH REVHUY PRGLILFDUHD QXPHOXL 8&6
XOXL úL VH LHVH FOLFkQG EXWRQXO OK. Din fereastra comenzii Named UCS... se poate alege oricare
UCS pentru a fi setat ca fiind cel curent.
Figura. 1
La crearea unui nou UCS VLPEROXO VX DU WUHEXL DILúDW vQ RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH FRRUGRQDWH FXUHQW
$FHDVWD VH SRDWH FRQWUROD SULQ DSDUL LD XQHL PLFL FUXFL OD ED]D UHVSHFWLYXOXL VHPQ 'DF UCS-ul nu a fost
DILúDW vQ QRXD RULJLQH YHULILFD L PDL vQWvL GDF H[LVW VXILFLHQW VSD LX SHQWUX DFHDVWD 9HULILFD L DSRL GDF
este bifat Icon Origin în submeniul UCS al meniului derulant Options. In acest submeniu, nebifarea
RS LXQLL Icon DUH FD UH]XOWDW QHDILúDUHD VLPEROXOXL UCS.
Introducerea coordonatelor în AutoCAD
/D H[HFXWDUHD XQXL GHVHQ vQ $XWR&$' XQHOH GDWH VSHFLILFH HQWLW LORU WUHEXLH LQWURGXVH SULQ
FRRUGRQDWHOH ORU $FHDVWHD SRW IL GH H[HPSOX SXQFWXO GH VIkUúLW DO XQHL OLQLL FHQWUXO úL UD]D XQXL FHUF
3R]L LD SXQFWHORU SRDWH IL VHOHFWDW IRORVLQG mouseXO GDU vQ PXOWH FD]XUL HVWH PDL XúRDU
VSHFLILFDUHD FRRUGRQDWHORU LQWURGXFvQG YDORULOH GH OD WDVWDWXU ÌQ $XWR&$' VH SRDWH VSHFLILFD XQ SXQFW
prin coordonatele sale absolute, relative sau polare.
Coordonate absolute
6H SRDWH LQWURGXFH XQ SXQFW WDVWkQG YDORULOH FRRUGRQDWHORU VDOH ; úL < ID GH VLVWHPXO GH UHIHULQ
curent care poate fi UCS sau WCS &HOH GRX YDORUL YRU IL VHSDUDWH GH R YLUJXO 'H H[HPSOX SHQWUX D
specifica un punct de coordonate x = 4.5 úL y = 8.2, WUHEXLH WLSULW 4.5,8.2. Un punct 3D este definit prin
valorile lui X, Y úL Z ca în exemplul 2.5,7.5,1.6.
Coordonate relative
8QHRUL HVWH SUHIHUDELO VSHFLILFDUHD XQXL SXQFW SULQ FRRUGRQDWHOH VDOH UHODWLYH ID GH XQ SXQFW
GHILQLW DQWHULRU FDOFXOXOXL FRRUGRQDWHORU VDOH ID GH VLVWHPXO GH UHIHULQ FXUHQW 7DVWvQG # vQDLQWHD
unui set de coordonate AutoCAD-ul va considera punctul ca fiind relativ la ultimul punct introdus. De
H[HPSOX GDF VIkUúLWXO XQHL OLQLL HVWH vQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH 10,10 atunci, specificând un punct @5,8,
D L LQWURGXV SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH DEVROXWH 15,18.
([HUFL LXO QU Autodesk Authorised Training Centre
Coordonate polare
ÌQ XQHOH FD]XUL HVWH QHFHVDU GHILQLUHD XQXL SXQFW FXQRVFkQG GLVWDQ D ID GH XOWLPXO SXQFW LQWURGXV
úL XQJKLXO SH FDUH vO IDFH GUHDSWD GHILQLW GH FHOH GRX SXQFWH FX GLUHF LD D[HL X. Aceasta se poate face
introducînd coordonatele polare; caracterul # YD DUWD F SXQFWXO HVWH GDW UHODWLY LDU < va specifica
unghiului. De exemplu, @50<35.5 UHSUH]LQW SXQFWXO SODVDW OD GLVWDQ D 50 úL XQJKLXO GH 35.5 grade cu
GLUHF LD D[HL X, ID GH XOWLPXO SXQFW
4. Pentru a desena biroul din figura 2, VHOHFWD L FRPDQGD Line din meniul derulant Draw. 7UDVD L
conturul desenului cu o linie din punctul de coordonate 2200, 4700 ID GH RULJLQHD QRXOXL UCS.
Aceste valori vor fi tastate la primul prompter al comenzii Line (în zona Command: úL VXQW
HYLGHQ LDWH SULQWUXQ SXQFW vQ ILJXUD 2 $VLJXUD LY F PRGXULOH grid (F7), snap (F9) úL ortho
(F8) sunt activate (on IRORVLQG IDFLOLW LOH RIHULWH GH DFHVWHD SHQWUX D FRPSOHWD ELURXO FRQWUROkQG
GLPHQVLXQLOH GXS D HFUDQXOXL 'DF GRULP V WUDVP
FRRUGRQDWHOH DILúDWH vQ SDUWHD VXSHULRDU
XQ FRQWXU vQFKLV VH WDVWHD] C (close) la prompterul To point:. AutoCAD-ul va produce
automat linia de închidere.
'DF D L FRPLV R JUHúHDO vQ WLPSXO WUDVULL FRQWXUXOXL FRPDQGD Undo din meniul derulant Edit
DQXOHD] XOWLPD FRPDQG UHYHQLQG OD HWDSD DQWHULRDU GLQ SURFHVXO GH GHVHQDUH
)LúHWXO GLQ ILJXU SRDWH IL GHVHQDW vQ PRG VLPLODU SRUQLQG GLQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH 1200,4700.
ùL DFHVW SXQFW HVWH vQJURúDW vQ ILJXUD 2.
Figura. 2
5. 3HQWUX D GHVHQD VFDXQXO VHOHFWD L Circle din meniul derulant Draw FX RS LXQHD Center Radius;
LQWURGXFH L FHQWUXO FHUFXOXL vQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH 2700,5900 $XWR&$'XO Y YD FHUH V
LQWURGXFH L UD]D FHUFXOXL FDUH vQ DFHVW FD] HVWH 250.
$YH L GHMD GHVHQDW DFXP R VWD LH GH OXFUX FXSULQ]vQG XQ ELURX ILúHW úL VFDXQ SR]L LRQDWH vQ
FRO XO GLQ VWvQJD VXV DO ELURXOXL
6. Folosind comanda Mirror din meniul derulant Modify SXWH L RJOLQGL HQWLW L vQ GHVHQ )RORVL L
RS LXQHD window RE LXQH LPSOLFLW SHQWUX VHOHFWDUH OD YHUVLXQLOH úL GH $XWR&$'
VHOHFWD L FHOH WUHL DUWLFROH GH PRELOLHU úL FRQILUPD L WHUPLQDUHD VHOHF LHL FX Enter de pe mouse.
$OHJH L SULPXO SXQFW DO OLQLHL GH RJOLQGLUH vQ SDUWHD GH VXV D ]LGXOXL IRORVLQG RS LXQHD GH SULQGHUH
Midpoint (Shift úL EXWRQXO GLQ GUHDSWD DO mouse-ului). Al doilea punct al liniei de oglindire este
PLMORFXO S U LL GH MRV D ]LGXOXL /D FRSLHUHD XQXL JUXS GH HQWLW L FX FRPDQGD Mirror DYH L vQ PRG
RS LRQDO SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D úWHUJH RELHFWXO LQL LDO S VWUkQG GRDU LPDJLQHD vQ RJOLQG D DFHVWXLD ÌQ
([HUFL LXO QU Autodesk Authorised Training Centre
FD]XO GH ID GRUL L V OVD L LQWDFW DúD F DSVD L Return> pentru a
VWD LD GH OXFUX RULJLQDO
confirma implicit NO la întrebarea Delete old object?.
Figura 3
7. 5HSHWD L FRPDQGD DQWHULRDU úL RJOLQGL L FHOH GRX VWD LL GH OXFUX vQ SDUWHD GH MRV D ELURXOXL FX
OLQLD GH RJOLQGLUH SHUSHQGLFXODU Ortho activat, se alege (cu
SH SHUHWHOH GLQ GUHDSWD &X PRGXO
midpoint) primul punct al liniei de oglindire la mijlocul peretelui din dreapta, iar pentru al doilea
SXQFW FOLFD L vQWUXQ SXQFW RDUHFDUH GH SH SHUSHQGLFXODUD SH DFHVW SHUHWH
8.
3HQWUX GHVHQDUHD SHUH LORU GHVS U LWRUL GLQWUH VWD LLOH GH OXFUX IRORVL L FRPDQGD Line cu punctul
GH vQFHSXW vQ PLMORFXO SHUHWHOXL GH VXV YH]L GHVHQXO GH UHIHULQ ,QWURGXFH L SXQFWHOH
XUP WRDUH vQ FRRUGRQDWH UHODWLYH WDVWvQG # vQDLQWHD FRRUGRQDWHORU ÌQFKHLD L FRPSDUWLPHQWDUHD
biroului din stînga sus prin introducerea punctelor @0,-3000 úL #-3500,0.
9.
'HVHQD L FHO ODOW SHUHWH GH GLYL]DUH D ELURXOXL vQFHSkQG GLQ SXQFWXO GH PLMORF RS LXQHD
midpoint DO ]LGXOXL GLQ SDUWHD LQIHULRDU D HFUDQXOXL LDU FHOHODOWH WUHL SXQFWH LQGLFDWLOH SULQ
FRRUGRQDWHOH UHODWLYH úL SRODUH #0,2500, @1500<45, @2700,0.
10. 6DOYD L GHVHQXO FX FRPDQGD Save As … úL GkQGX, XQ QXPH SUVL L HGLWRUXO GH GHVHQDUH FX
Exit.