gful/stf lng] k/LIffsf]

k|Zg g+= $& sf] gofF hjfkm

@)!( hgj/L gofF ;efd'vsf] rog, GofG;L knf];LnfO{ lhDd]jf/L
jif{ ( c+s !!%

USCIS.gov

cd]l/sfsf] gful/stf
lnFbf lbg'kg]{ k/LIffsf] tof/L
k|Zg / pQ/M g]kfnLdf
o; c+sdf s] s] < $&= k|ltlglw–;ef -xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6E;\_ sf cWoIf jf
k':tssf] k|Zg g+= $&
(What is inside ?) ;efd'vsf] gfd s] xf] <
sf] hjfkm ablnPsf] 5 .
à GofG;L knf];L
à gful/stf k':tssf] k|Zg $&===! k|ltlglw–;efnfO{ c+u|]hLdf
à -GofG;L_ knf];L
(Civic test book Q.N. 47) xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6E;\
à ;dLIffM 5fk|f] gDa/ %%=============# (House of Representatives)
k|Zg / pQ/M c+u|]hLdf
(Review: Chhapro Number 55)
47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Rep-
elgG5 . o;sf cWoIf jf
à d x'FM gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf /fHo====$ ;efd'v ablng'ePsfn] pSt resentatives now?
(I am the state of North Carolina) - Nancy Pelosi
k|Zgsf] hjfkm ablnPsf] xf] .
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb &*==========$ - (Nancy) Pelosi
of] k|Zg o:tf] 5M
(Most common Eng. words 78)
af“sL k[i7 @ df
 @

@)!( hgj/L, jif{ ( c+s !!%

https://history.house.gov/ and uscis.gov
GofG;L knf];L ÷ knf];L
cWoIf dxf]bof knf];LM 5f]6f] kl/ro
xfnsf k|ltlglw–;ef -xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6E;\_ sf cWoIf jf ;efd'v GofG;L knf];L
x'g'x'G5 . GofG;Lsf] hGd ;g\ !($) dfr{ @^ df ePsf] xf] . pxfFsf] k"/f gfd GofG;L Kofl6«l;of
8L cn]ShfG8«f] knf];L (Nancy Patricia D’Alesandro Pelosi ) xf] .
pxfF !!^ cf}+ xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6E;\sf cWoIf jf ;efd'v x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] ;efd'vsf] kb
;g\ @)!( hgj/L # df ;DxfNg' ePsf] xf] . pxfF o;cl3 ;g\ @))& hgj/L $ b]lv ;g\ @)!!
hgj/L # ;Dd ;f]xL kbdf x'g'x'GYof] .
pxfFn] Soflnkmf]lg{of /fHosf] afx|f}+ s+u|];gn l8l:6«S6sf tkm{af6 tLg bzseGbf a9L xfp; ckm
l/k|h]G6]l6E;\df k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 .
cWoIf jf ;efd'vsf ¿kdf xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6E;\df ;efkltsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'x'G5 /
pxfFn] pSt ;bgdf ax'dt /x]sf] /fhgLlts bn 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] g]Q[Tj ug{'x'G5 . al/otfsf
qmd x]bf{ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltkl5 cWoIf jf ;efd'v cfpF5, o;sf] cy{ olb /fi6«klt /
pk/fi6«klt b'j} kbdf g/xg] cj:yf cfPdf ;efd'vn] /fi6«kltsf] sfd ;DxfNg'x'G5 .

abln/xg] k|Zg / pQ/x¿

gful/stf kl/Iffsf nflu tof/L kfl/Psf] k':tssf] cGTodf l6Kk0fLsf ?kdf elgPsf] 5, …o;
lstfadf ePsf hfgsf/Lx¿ r'gfj tyf kb axfnLx?sf sf/0f km]l/g ;S5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fHo
gful/stf tyf cWofudg ljefu (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; USCIS) n] ;do–
;dodf o; 5fkfnfO{ cBfjlws ug{ x/k|of; ul//xg]5 .Ú
r'gfj tyf kb axfnL eGgfn] /fi6«klt lgjf{rgkl5 /fi6«klt (president) kb tyf
pk/fi6«klt (vice president) kbsf] axfnL, ;/sf/åf/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfgGofofwLzsf] lgo'lSt,
k|wfgGofofwLz;Fu} ;jf]{Rrsf GofofwLzx?sf] ;+Vof, tkfO{+ a:g] /fHosf tkm{af6 lgjf{lrt l;g]6/
(senator) tyf k|ltlglw–;ef ;b:o, tkfO{+ a:g] /fHosf ueg{/ (governor) sf] x'g'x'G5 eGg] h:tf
k|Zg tyf tL k|Zgsf hjfkmx? k5{g\ .
••••••••••••
cIfl/sfn] klg cWofudg ljefu (USCIS) n] lbg] gofF hfgsf/L cBfjlws ug]{5 .
 #
@)!( hgj/L, jif{ ( c+s !!%
;+of]ufGt, t/ cfFvf /;fpg] n]vg
/d]z lbofnLsf] pkGof;
Ú5fk|f] gDa/ %%Ú yf]/} e"6fg,
w]/} g]kfnsf] ky/L z/0ffyL{
lzlj/, a]n8fFuL, cfDbf c:ktfn,
pkrf/sf nflu ef/t, clg
s]xL cd]l/sf x'Fb} Pp6L blnt
lszf]/Lsf] j/k/ 3'ld/x]sf] syf
xf] . l;+uf] pkGof; lzlj/sf]
si6s/ hLjg, hftLo
lje]b cflbdf 3'D5 . k"/}
k9\g'eof] eg] o;n] a]nf–
a]nf ¿jfpF5 . t/ k9\g
yfn]kl5 g6'Ë\ofO 5f8\g} ;Sg'
klg x'Gg .
lbofnL gofF n]vs x'g\, /
pgsf] of] klxnf] pkGof;,
klxnf] s[lt klg xf] .
pkGof;sf] efiff ;/n / dL7f]
5, sxLst} t/ Psbd} sd
cK7\of/f zAb e]l6G5g\ .
u+ufsf] ;]/f]km]/f]
syf u+uf bdfO{;Fu} cl3
a9\5 . ;fg}df cfdf u'dfPsL,
afa'n] kfn]sL . /f]uL afa'
z/0ffyL{sf] /f;g kfpF5g\ /
;fgf]ltgf] n'uf l;nfpg] sfd
u5{g\ . u+uf :s"n hflG5g\ .
u+ufsf] e]6 b]j eGg] s]6f];Fu
x'G5 . dfof a:5 .
lzlj/df lbg] /f;g kof{Kt
gx'g] ePsfn] dfG5]x? aflx/
sfd ug{ hfg] uy]{ . b]j klg
afun'ª hfG5 . p;sf] va/
cfpFb}g . of] ljof]udf
csf]{ kfq cfpF5 . pSt kfq
/xFb}g . afa' klg laT5g\ .
k'gjf{;df dfG5] hfg] qmd hf/L
/x]sf a]nf pgL klg hfg] jf
ghfg] eg]/ bf]wf/df /xlG5g\ .
s]xL nfUb}g, hfg] lg0f{o ul5{g\
/ cd]l/sf cfpFl5g\ .
lzlj/s} ;Demgf
cfunfuLn] 5fk|f hn]sf,
x'/Ln] p8fPsf, /]l8of]df
g]kfnL uLt aHg], pmg sfTg]
b'O6f ;]S6/sf 5fk|f] gDa/ %%
df a:g] b'O{ dflg; ;+of]un]
syfdf hf]l8g k'U5g\ . ;do;Fu}
syfdf ljof]u x'G5 . t/ syf
;lsFbf ;+of]ufGt x'G5 . clg
kf7sn] 9'Ssn] ;f; km]5{g\ .
sfd, /fdfo0f k9\g], lax]sf]
hUu], k"hfkf7, /f;gsf] nfOg,
sIffsf]7faflx/ 3fddf k9\g]
:s"n], s]6fs]6Lsf] jgef]h,
rKknsf] lkmQf r'l9g], l/S;fdf
em'l08P/ 6f9f;Dd k'Ug]
s]6fs]6Lx?, lkknsf] ?v,
cfDbf c:ktfnsf] e/, clg Tof]
cfDbf uGxfPsf 36gf cflbn]
ToxL df6f]sf] ;'uGw lbG5 .
pt} k'¥ofpF5 .
lax]df Znf]s -l;nf]s_
e6\ofPsf] k|;+u /dfOnf] 5,
…laxfg} / a]n'sf hn'sfsf]
ltpg, d]/f dfOtL b'MvL lyP, s]
sf] bfOhf] lbpmg ==Ú, …ufO{ rg{
uP dy'/f jgdf, s] s] x'G5
yfxf 5}g dgdf .Ú
hfteftdf e]befjsf s'/f
kfgL yfKg hfFbf em]Ng] u+ufn]
slt dfG5]af6 5f]/LnfO{ em}+
dfof kfPsL 5g\ . sf]xL dfG5]
hfteGbf dfly b]lvG5g\, sf]xL
/;ftndf .
ef]Ug]sf nflu oL 36gf
gf}nf gnfUg ;S5g\ . t/
zAb laemfpF5g\, dg af/Daf/
eSsflgG5 .
n]vg–z}nL
lbofnLn] pkGof;df w]/}
kfqx?df jf:tljs dflg;df
ptf/]sf 5g\ . laDjx?sf]
k|of]u af/Daf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
;fFrf] n]v]/ kf7sk|lt Gofo
u/]s} b]lvG5 .
sxLFsxLF pgn] 36gfsf
s]xL j0f{g kl5 ugf{n] kf7sn],
…P, o;f] ul/lbPsf] eP x'GYof]
lg ÛÚ eGg] h:tf] nfU5 .
Pp6f kfqnfO{ pkrf/ ug{
l;lnu'8Laf6 /]ndf a}+ª\Unf]/
nluG5 . kf7snfO{ hfFbf ofqf
;do slt nfUof] xf]nf < eGg]
eO/fv]sf] x'G5 . t/ lkmbf{ dfq
;do n]v]sfn], …xf]Og, of] ;do
t hfFbf n]Vof eP x'GYof] lg ÛÚ
h:tf] eg] nfUbf] /x]5 . o:tf
a]d]n !–@ 7fpFdf e]l6G5g\ .
lstfasf] ¿k
o;sf] k|sfzg d~h/L
klAns]zg, sf7df8f}+n]
u/]sf] xf] . /+uLg cfj/0f
6fOD; lqmozg, sf7df8f}+n]
;hfPsf] 5 . ;f]x| -!^_
cWofodf afFl9Psf] pkGof;sf]
d"No g]= ¿= #!% 5 . k':ts
PDofhgdf klg 5, / d"No @)
8n/ . @#@±$ k[i7df
n]vssf] @ k[i7 dGtJo dfq
5 . afFsL syf 5 .
cfkm" dlxnf eP/ cfˆg} syf
n]v]sf] eg]sf 5g\, n]vsn] .
dGtJosf] cGtdf 5, …of]
pkGof; ca tkfO{+ kf7ssf]
eof] . df/] kfk, kfn] k'0o .Ú
pgn] dlxnf kfqnfO{ Gofo
u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] kfn] k'0o
g} x'g] b]lvG5 .

gy{
Sof/f]nfOgf
(North
Carolina)
d gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf /fHo
x'F . gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf,
blIf0f–k"jL{ /fHo xf] . gy{
Sof/f]nfOgfsf] /fhwfgL
¥ofnL (Raleigh) / 7"nf] zx/
;fnf]{6 (Charlotte) xf] .
n n n (county) 5g\ .
gy{ Sof/f]nfOgfsf]
blIf0fdf ;fpy
Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina)
tyf hlh{of (Georgia),
klZrddf 6]g];L (Tennessee),
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 78
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 c7xQ/f}+ ;"rL -efu &*_
• display:
gfd– k|bz{g, b]vfj6L,
t8se8s, k|bz{gL, k|sfzg .
lqmof– k|bz{g ug{', t8se8s
ug{', k|blz{t ug'{, k|s6 ug{',
b]vfpg', lkmFhfpg' .
• dispute:
gfd– ts/f/, ;+zo, ljjfb,
unkmtL, uGhfuf]n, egfj}/L,
emu8f, jfbljjfb, snx,
egfeg, emd]nf, dte]b,
ljrf/–ljdz{, ts{–ljts{,
k|TofVofg .
lqmof– k|TofVofg ug{', k|ltjfb
ug'{, ljrf/–ljdz{ ug'{, ax;
ug'{, z+sf p7fpg', lj/f]w ug'{,
emu8f ug'{, ts{–ljts{ ug'{,
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com
$
@)!( hgj/L, jif{ ( c+s !!%
pQ/df elh{lgof (Virginia) cd]l/sfsf] @* cf}+ 7"nf]
/fHox?, / k"j{df cfGw| /fHo xf], h;sf] If]qkmn
dxf;fu/ (Atlantic Ocean) %# xhf/ * ;o !( ju{
5 . dfOn -! nfv #( xhf/
n n n # ;o () ju{ lsnf]ld6/_
o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf NC 5 .
n]lvG5 . n n n
n n n o; /fHosf]
gy{ Sof/f]nfOgfsf] ;/sf/L hg;+Vof sl/a !
j]a;fO6 www.nc.gov xf] . s/f]8 # nfv *#
n n n xhf/ ^ ;o @)
gy{ Sof/f]nfOgfdf !)) 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof
-Ps ;o_ j6f sfpG6L ePsf /fHodWo] of]
( cf}+ xf] .
n n n n n n
gy{ Sof/f]nfOgfdf
;g\ !&*( gf]e]Da/ @! df
cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf
;fd]n ePsf] xf] .
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
Pp6} k|Zgsf jl/kl/
gful/stfsf] k/LIffsf Ps ;o
k|Zgsf] lstfaaf6 bz k|Zg
v08g ug'{, xf]Og eGg', egfeg b|ljt kfg'{ jf x'g', ltt/ljt/ ;f]lwG5 . bzdWo] ;fdfGotM 5
ug'{ . kfg'{, ljR5]b ug'{, n'Kt x'g', k|Zgsf] pQ/ 7Ls lbg'–
• dissident: x/fpg', efjfj]zdf cfTd;+od k5{ . clg tkfO{+ pSt k/LIffdf
gfd– leGg ljrf/ /fVg] JolQm, u'dfpg', -z+sf cflb_ ;dfwfg pQL0f{ x'g'x'G5 . ToxL bzdWo]
c;xdlt /fVg] JolQm, ljrf/ ug'{ . o; c+sdf JofVof ul/Psf] Ps
lj/f]wL JolQm . • distance: k|Zg ;f]lwof] / tkfO{+n] pQ/
ljz]if0f– ljdt, 7:sfxf, gfd– b"/L, kmf;nf, km/s, cGt/, lbg ;Sg'ePg eg] s] x'G5 <
c;Gt'i6, leGg dt /fVg], o;}n] xfdLn] ;+zf]wg eO/xg]
;do, b"/tf, e]b .
o:tf k|ZgnfO{ k|sfzg ug]{
c;xdt, dte]b, leGg lqmof– 6f9f /fVg', 6f9f kfg'{, qmd hf/L /fv]sf 5f}+ .
dtfjnDaL, la/fhL . k5f8L kfg', x6fpg' . Pp6f pkGof; h;sf]
• dissolve: • distant: rrf{ ug{ vf]lhP klg kof{Kt
gfd– lj36g, ljno, lju7g . ljz]if0f– 6f9fsf], pbf;Lg, b"/, ePsf] 5}g . o:tf s[ltx¿n]
lqmof– /ofNg', tf]8\g', kmf]g'{, ;'b"/, k[ys, b"/:y, b"/jtL{, Oltxf;sf] JofVof u5{g\ h:tf]
kufNg', kUng', 3f]Ng', x'F8Ng', c:ki6, ?vf, lgdl7Psf], nfU5 . o:t} ljifo / ljwfdf
kUng', ljlng x'g' jf kfg'{, cgfTdLo, s';fv, la/fgf], c? snd rn'g\ . s[ltx¿ cd/
lanfpg', lju7g÷lj37g ug'{, glhssf] gftf gePsf] . ag'g\ . clxn]nfO{ oxL sfdgf Û
eª\u ug'{ jf x'g', cGTo ug'{, qmdzM wGojfb