PROJECT REPORT

On

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

by
ANSHU PAL

Submitted to the Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College

in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the external
practical
of
PHYSICS

Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College Kasna

Affiliated To CBSE, New DELHI

FEBRAURY, 2017

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION………………………………………………………………….. i

ABSTRACT………………………………………………….……………………. iii

1.1. RECTIFIER………………………………………………………………. 1

1.2 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER………………………………………………. 2

1.3 CIRCUIT OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 2

1.4 CHARACTERITICS OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER……………………….. 3

1.5 APPLICATIONS OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 4

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 4

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled “FULL WAVE RECTIFIER” submitted to the
Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College is a record of original work done by me under the
guidance of, Senior Physics Teacher, of Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College and this
project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Physics External Practical in
Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College

Signature:

Name : Anshu Pal

Roll No.:

Date :

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 ABSTRACT

The Project describes a method of converting ac to dc with the help full wave rectifier . The
project tells about the characteristics of ac and dc components by continuously glowing of
light in the Full Wave Rectifier Project showing dc characteristic.

I used all the Hardware components for making the full wave rectifier project. This project
is completed on “PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD” . All the components are solded well on the
PCB to have a great connection in my project. By having a constant frequency Transformer
step down the voltage by principle of Electromagnetic Induction.

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1 RECTIFIER
A rectifier is an electrical device that (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to (DC),
which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically,
rectifiers take a number of forms, including

Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC and power
transmission systems.

It is a combination of Diodes and Resistors either in series or in parallel. It gives

appropriate output to be used in DC combination.

1.2 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

While this method may be suitable for low power applications it is unsuitable to
applications which need a “steady and smooth” DC supply voltage. One method to
improve on this is to use every half-cycle of the input voltage instead of every other half-
cycle. The circuit which allows us to do this is called a Full Wave Rectifier.

Like the half wave circuit, a full wave rectifier circuit produces an output voltage or
current which is purely DC or has some specified DC component. Full wave rectifiers
have some fundamental advantages over their half wave rectifier counterparts. The average
(DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave, the output of the full wave rectifier has
much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier producing a smoother output
waveform.

Vs = Vmsinwt i.e sinusoidal input voltage

In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one for each half of the cycle.
A is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a common centre
tapped connection, (C). This configuration results in each diode conducting in turn when
its anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer centre point C producing an
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 output during both half-cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier so it is 100% efficient
as shown below.

The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load
resistance (RL) with each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When
point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point C, diode D1 conducts in the
forward direction as indicated by the arrows.

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with respect to point C,
diodeD2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in
the same direction for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the resistor R is the
phasor sum of the two waveforms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also
known as a “bi-phase” circuit.

1.3 Circuit Of Full Wave Rectifier

Figure 1: Circuit Of Full Wave Rectifier

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1.4 Characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier

Figure 2: Characteristics Of Full Wave Rectifier

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1.5 Applications of Full Wave Rectifier

 Mobile and Laptop Chargers

1.6 Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier

 The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is double of that of a

half-wave rectifier.

 The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in case of full-wave

rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.

 Higher output voltage, higher output power and higher Transformer

Utilization Factor (TUF) in case of a full-wave rectifier.

 In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to dc saturation of the

core because the dc current in the two halves of the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in opposite directions.