METTALIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Simplest crystal structure because
every lattice point in a crystal is
occupied by an atom of the same
metal.
-Tends to be densely packed
Good conductor of heat:
1) Bonding2 electron are
delocalized over the entire
crystal
2) The mobility makes the
metal good conductor of
heat
Metal Strength:
Great cohesive force resulting from
delocalization is responsible for
metal strength
Have wide range of melting points
and hardness depend on packing
efficiency of the crystal structure
and the number of valence electron
available for bonding.
IONIC LATTICE
High melting point:
1) Strong electrostatic force
between ions of opposite
charges
2) Requires more energy to
overcome the attraction
Hard but brittle:
1) Strong electrostatic force
make it hard but if a
strong force is applied,
the ions layer shift slightly
2) Ions of the same charge
are brought side-by-side
and so the crystal repels
itself and repulsion crack
the crystal
Does not conduct electricity in
solid but does so in molten or
aqueous solution:
1) Ions are not free to move
because are held strongly
by electrostatic force in
fixed position
2) When the solid melt, ions
are free to move thus
conducting electricity
GIANT MOLECULE
Consist of particles held together by
covalent bonds.
DIAMOND
Does not conduct electricity:
1) Each C atom covalently bonded
to 4 other C in tetrahedral
arrangement by strong covalent
bonding
2) So no free moving electrons
Very strong covalent bond:
1) Have high melting point 3550°C
2) Very hard
-used in cutting tools and grinding
GRAPHITE
Electric conductor:
1) Each C is connected with 3
other C by covalent bond
forming 6-member rings that
form flat layer which are held
loosely by weak VDW forces.
2) C use only 3 of its 4 valence
electron so it has one unused
electron
3) The electron are able to move
freely does conduct electricity
High melting point similar to that of
diamond:
1) In order to melt graphite, it isn’t
enough to loosen one sheet
from another
2) Have to break the covalent
bonding thoughout the whole
structure
Softness of graphite:
1) 6-member rings form flat layer
which are held loosely by weak
Van Der Walls forces
2) The layers are able to slide
past each other resulting in
softness of graphite.
-Used as lead in pencil and lubricant