Professional Documents
Culture Documents
&
Lyceum of the Philippines University
Objectives:
Who cares?
Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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Which do you like better?
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What do you think biodiversity
means?
Biodiversity
What does “Bio” mean?
Bio =
Biodiversity
Diversity = Variety
Biodiversity is the variety of life on
Earth and the essential
interdependence of all living things
• The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by
complex interactions among all living things including
microscopic species like algae and mites.
•Barry Commoner- Father of the Ecological Movement
•“Everything is connected to everything”
Biodiversity means
‘variability among living organisms from all sources including all the
ecological complexes of which they are a part, this includes diversity within
species, between species and ecosystem’
Chihuahua Beagle
Rottweilers
There are 3 components of
biodiversity
Diversity of species
For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and
meadow beauties are all different species.
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Which is more diverse?
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Which is more diverse?
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Which is more diverse?
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Which has more cultural
diversity?
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Which has more biodiversity?
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Which has more biodiversity?
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Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value
Oxygen
Food
Clean Water
Medicine
Aesthetics
Ideas
Economic Benefit
Tuber
called nami serves as food for the
Mangyans
Nipa
palm fronds as roofing material for
homes
Coralreefs provides 10-13% total animal
protein consumed by Filipinos
Lagunade bay and other lakes serve as
important sources of livelihood for fishers
Ecological Benefit
Forest are good climate stabilizers
Forest trees absorb rainwater
Watershed supply water to Metro Manila
residents
Microbes break down dead plants and
animals
Mangroves are spawning ground to fishes
and other crustaceans
Should we be concerned about
biodiversity?
What we know:
The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate
Habitat destruction
Pollution
Species Introductions
Global Climate Change
Exploitation
PHILIPPINE
BIODIVERSITY
STATUS
ENDANGERED ENDEMIC
A species present in such small An organism exclusively native to
numbers that it is at risk of a place or biota
extinction.
Cebu Flowerpecker
(now presumed extinct)
Endemics…and Endangered
Grand
Rhabdornis
One of the world's rarest mammals
lives in the dwindling forest of Panay
Island: Philippine spotted deer
(Cervus alfredi), considered by many
as the most endangered deer in the
planet
The Mammals
Unique pygmy water
buffalos (Bubalus
mindorensis) endemic to
Mindoro listed as one of
the ten most endangered
species in the world.
The Mammals
• Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)
measures only about twelve centimeters
in length.
The Mammals
The Palawan bearcat population is threatened by human activities.
The Mammals
South of Palawan, lies the Balabac Island, home of the
world's smallest hoofed mammal - the Philippine mouse
deer.
The Mammals
Dugongs or sea cows,
the only herbivorous marine
mammals, are often sighted in
Philippine waters,
particularly near Palawan
province and southern
Mindanao.
The Mammals
The smallest bat in the world is the Philippine
bamboo bat (vespertilionid), which belongs to the
vespertilionid family. This bat measures about four
centimeters (1 1/2 inches) in length and has a
wingspan of 15 cm. Approximately, it weighs 1.5
grams (1/20 ounce).
The Mammals
The Mindoro Pallid Flying
Fox smallest flying fox in
the Philippines The Philippine tube-nosed bat,
Nyctimene rabori of Negros is
considered highly endangered
The Mammals
Believed to
have become
extinct in
1970s as a
result of the
combination of
forest
bare-backed fruit bat or Dobsonia chapmani destruction,
disturbance by
guano miners,
and hunting
The Mammals
The continuous denudation of
tropical forests in the country
threatens the remaining population of
kagwang, which used to abound in
the wilderness of Basilan, Leyte,
Samar, Bohol and Mindanao.
The Mammals
Crocodylus porosus, it is different from
Mindoro's freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus
mindorensis)
There were tales
that a 27-foot
saltwater
crocodile was
killed near Lake
Taal in Batangas
in 1823.
It reportedly
took 40 men to
bring the body
ashore.
Gray’s monitor
Varanus olivaceus
• In 1996, a marine biologist discovered that whale sharks are ovoviviparous, which means
that the females produce live offspring from eggs hatched in the uterus.
• The Philippine government declared whale sharks as endangered species in 1998, thereby
banning its plunder and exploitation.
• Right now, the Department of Tourism is promoting eco-tourism to protect the whale
sharks in Donsol.
Fish
The world's smallest freshwater fish is found in the
Philippines. The dwarf goby (Pandaka pygmaea) measures
1.2 centimeters or less than half of an inch, the tiniest
known vertebrate.
Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus
Blue-spotted angelfish
The Invertebrates
Tridacna gigas, one of the world's largest shells
can be found under Philippine waters.
The Invertebrates
Pisidum, the world's tiniest shell,
can be found under Philippine waters.
The Invertebrates
A shell called glory of the sea (Connus gloriamaris) is also
found in the Philippines and considered as one of the most
expensive shells in the world.
The Invertebrates
• Total Plant Species: 9,2536
• Endemic Plant Species: 6, 091
• Endemics as Percentage of World
Total: 2.0
The Plants
Velvet Apple, Mabolo
Diospyros discolor There are more than 150 species of palms and
dipterocarps in the hotspot, and around two-
thirds of these are found nowhere else in the
world.
The Plants
Of the 1,000
species of
orchids found in
the Philippines,
Gingers, begonias, gesneriads, orchids and 70 percent are
pandans are particularly high in endemic restricted to the
species hotspot.
Ex situ
Zoological Gardens, Aquaria and Captive Breeding Centers
Environmental Laws on Biodiversity
RA 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas Act.
RA 8371 Indigenous People’s Right Act
RA 7160 Local Government Code
RA 8550 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
RA 9147 Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act
RA 9072 National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection
Act
International Conventions
Extinct Category
Extinct
Extinct in the Wild (EW)
Threatened Category
Critically endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
IUCN Category
Lower Extinction
Near Threatened
Least concerned
Data Deficient
Not evaluated