HUMANIDADES AT AGHAM PANLIPUNAN

Ekonomiks
• Pag-aaral sa mga gawaing kaugnay ng mga proseso ng produksyon, distribusyon, at
paggamit ng mga serbisyo at produkto sa ekonomiya ng isang bansa. Pinaniniwalaang
ang mga kalagayang pangekonomiya ng isang bansa ay may epekto sa krimen,
edukasyon, pamilya, batas, relihiyon, kaguluhan, at mga institusyong panlipunan.
Empirikal na imbestigasyon ang lapitsa pag-aaral dito.

Area Studies
• Interdisiplinaryong pag-aaral, kaugnay ng isang bansa, rehiyon, at heograpikong lugar.
Ilan sa mga halimbawa nito ang Japanese Studies, Korean Studies, Philippine Studies,
Amerikan Studies, Russian Studies, at iba pa. kuwalitatibo , kuwantitatibo, at empirikal
na obserbasyon at imbestigasyon ang lapit sa pananaliksik dito.

Mga Disiplina sa Larangan ng Agham Panlipunan

Itinuturing na isang uri ng siyensiya o agham. Lapit siyantipiko ang gamit bagamat iba-
iba ito depende sa disiplina. Ang Agham Panlipunan ay gumagamit ng sarbey,
obserbasyon, pananaliksik sa larangan, at mga datos na sekondaryo. Ang pagsusuri o
metodolohiya dito ay Dayakroniko (historikal) at Sinkroniko (deskriptibo).Malaki ang
nagging impluwensya ng Rebolusyong Pranses (1789-1799) at Rebolusyong Industriyal
(1760-1840) sa pagkabuo ng larangan sa Agham Panlipunan. Kilikilala sa larangan ng
Agham Panlipunan sina Diderot, Rousseau, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, John
Locke, David Hume, Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, gayundin
sina Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emilie Durkheim, at marami pang iba.

Arkeolohiya
• Pag-aaral ng mga relikya, labi, artifact, at monument jaugnay ng nakaraang
pamumuhay at gawain ng tao.

Relihiyon
• Pag-aaral ng organisading koleksiyon ng mga paniniwala, sistemang kultural, at mga
pananaw sa mundo kaugnay ng sangkatauhan at sangkamunduhan (uniberso) bilang
nilikha ng isang superior at superhuman na kaayusan
MGA DISIPLINA SA LARANGAN NG AGHAM PANLIPUNAN
Heograpiya
• Pag-aaral sa mga lipunang sakop ng mundo upang maunawaan ang masalimuot na
mga bagay kaugnay ng katangian, kalikasan, at pagbabago rito kasama na ang epekto
nito sa tao. Mga metodong kuwantitatiboat kuwalitatiborin ang ginagamit sa mga
pananaliksik dito.

Agham Pampolitika
• Pag-aaral sa bansa, gobyerno, politika, at mga patakaran, proseso, at Sistema ng
mga gobyerno, gayundin ang kilos-politikal ng mga institusyon. Gumagamit din ito ng
analisis at empirikal na pag-aaral.

Mga Anyo ng Sulatin

Kaiba sa Humanidades, ang mga sulatin sa Agham Panlipunan ay simple, impersonal,
direkta, tiyak ang tinutukoy, argumentatibo, nanghihikayat, at naglalahad. Di-piksyon
ang anyo ng mga sulatin dito. Madalas ay mahaba ito dahil sa presentasyon ng mga
ebidensiya ngunit sapat upang mapangatuwiranan ang katuwiran o tesis.

MGA DISIPLINA SA LARANGAN NG AGHAM PANLIPUNAN

Sa kalahatan, may sinusunod na proseso sa pagsulat ng agham panlipunan. Hindi
naman itoganong naiiba sa ibang laranagan.

Sikolohiya
• Pagaaral ng kilos, pag-iisip, at gawi ng tao. Gumagamit din ito ng emperikal na
obserbasyon.

Lingguwistika
• Pagaaral ng wika bilang Sistema kaugnay ng kalikasan, anyo, estruktura, at
baryasyon nito. Bahagi ng pag-aaral ang ponetika, ponolohiya, morpolohiya, sintaks, at
gramatika. Deskriptibo o pagpapaliwanag sa katangian ng wika ang ginagamit na lapit
sa pag-aaral nyo, gayundin and historikal na lapit o pinagdaanang pagbabago ng wika.
 a) Pagtukoy sa genre o anyo ng sulatin gaya ng binanggit sa itaas.

b) Pagtukoy at pagtiyak sa paksa. Wala pa bang nakapagtatalakay nito? Kung

mayroon na, ano ang bagong perspektibang dala ng pagtalakay sa paksa?
Paano ito maiiba?

c) Paglilinaw at pagtiyak sa paksang pangungusap. Karaniwang sa simula

inilalagay ito ngunit maaari ding sa gitna o sa hulihan. Sa ibang pagkakataon,
hindi ito isinusulat ngunit nalilinaw sa takbo ng pagtalakay.

d) Pagtiyak sa paraan ng pagkuha ng datos. Maaaring gamitin ang interbyu, mass

media, internet, social media at new media, aklatan, sarbey, focus-group
discussion, obserbasyon, at iba pa.

e) Pagkalap ng datos bilang ebidensya at suporta sa tesis.

f) Analisis ng ebidensya gamit ang lapit sa pagsusuring kuwantitatibo, kuwalitatibo,

argumentatibo, deskriptibo, at etnograpiko.

g) Pagsulat ng sulatin gamit ang lohikal, malinaw, organisado (simula, gitna, at

wakas), angkop, sapat, at wastong paraan ng pagsulat.

h) Pagsasaayos ng sanggunian at talababa sa mga ginamit na sulatin ng ibang

may-akda.

Sosyolohiya
• Pag-aaral ng kilos at gawi ng mga tao sa lipunan, ang mga pinagmulan, pagunlad, at
pagkabuo ng mga samahan at intitusyong panlipunan upang makabuo ng mga
kaalaman tungkol sa kaayusan at pagbabago sa lipunan. Gumagamit ito ng imperikal
na obserbasyon, kuwalitatibo, at kuwalitatibong metodo.
Karaniwang mga anyo ng sulatin sa agham panlipunan ang report, sanaysay, papel ng
pananaliksik, abstrak, artikulo, rebyu ng libro o artikulo, niyograpiya, balita, editorial,
talumpati, adbertisment, proposal sa pananaliksik. Komersiyal sa telebisyon,
testimonial, at iba pa. Mahalagang maunawaan muna ang iba’t ibang katangian ng
bawat anyo, pormat, layunin, wika, nilalaman, at inaasahang mambabasa. Kung gayon,
mahalaga ang pananaliksik sa datos sa bawat anyo, anomang paraan ito.

Antropolohiya
• Pag-aaral ng mga tao sa iba’t ibang panahonng pag-iral upang maunawaan ang
kompleksidad ng mga kultura. Ginagamit ditto ang participant-observation o
ekspiryensiyal na imersyon sa pananaliksik.

Kasaysayan
• Pag-aaral ng nakaraan o pinagdaanang pag-iral ng mga grupo, komunidad, lipunan, at
ng mga pangyayari upang maiugnay ito sa kasalukuyan. Ginagamit ang lapit-naratibo
upang mailahad ang mga pangyayaring ito.
 INFORMATICS
 Hardware- The physical components of a computer is referred to as
 Software- Computer programs that makes the computer work
 People ware- Users, manipulators that make the computer work
 CPU- It is referred as the brain of the computer
 ROM- The type of memory that sotrage is not erased even if computer
is turned off is called
 RAM- The working memory that is used for primary storage is referred
to as
 Operating System- What type of software that supervises the
computer's system resources?
 Application Software- A type of software that is designed to help the
user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks.
 Operating System- Windows, Linux and Ubuntu is an example of
 Input devices- For a computer to work, it must have a way of receiving
commands. This is done through the use of
 Keyboard and mouse- What is the most commonly used input device?
 Output device- A type of hardware that is used to output the results
processed by the computer is called
 CPU- Computer process is done using what device in the computer.
 Storage media- CD-ROM, Hard drive, USB disk and diskettes are
types of
 Hard drive- A type of storage media that has very high speed and high
density that can store large capacity of files.
 Bits and Bytes- A unit of data in the binary numbering system.
 Analog- A class of computer that operates on continuous physical or
electrical magnitudes, measuring ongoing continuous analog quantities
such as voltage, current, temperature and pressure.
 Digital- A class of computer that operates on discrete discontinuous
numerical digits using the binary numbering system.
 Hybrid- A class of computers that contains features of both analog and
digital computer.
 Hand-held computer- A type of computer that is small, special function
computer that were introduced in the 1990's.
 Modulating and demodulating device - Modem is short for
 Network- A __________ is a set of cooperative interconnected
computers for the purpose of information exchange.
 Networking- The art and science of creating networks is referred to as
 Server- The computer that provides resources to a network is called
 Client- The computer that access shared resources on the network is
referred to as
 Geography- Topology comes from the greek word topos, which means
 Local Area Network- The basic building block of any computer
networks and can range from simple to complex connection is
referred to as
 Bus- is a network topoloy or circuit arrangement in which all the node
computers are directly attached to a line.
 Star- This topology is centralized structure where all computers
connected through a central computer.
 Ring- A topology that is connected in a ring fashion and if one computer
fails, none of the computers could share resources.
 Web browser- A program that allows users to access resources from
the web is referred to as
 Information system- The collection and integration of various pieces of
hardware and software and the human resources that meet the data
collection, storage , processing and report generation needs of an
organization is known as
 Management information systems- A type of information systems that
provide managers information about their business operations is known
as
 Transactions system- A system that is used to process predefined
transactions and produce predefined reports is referred to as
 Decision support systems- is a computer system that supports
some aspect of the human decision-making process.
 Physiologic monitoring systems- are widely used in hospital patient
care units, in surgery and more commonly in private homes.
 World wide web- www means
 Html- The language that is used to create hypertext documents is
known as
 Hypertext- A document, written in HTML,which contains automated
links to other documents is referred to as
 Hyperlink- The text in a web document that if clicked would open
another document in the internet is called
 Free software- is a matter of the user's freedom to copy, run, distribute,
study, change and improve the software.
 Data- are raw facts that are without meaning.
 Information- Processed data is known as
 True- In MS Access, a database can have 1 or more tables.
 Text- If you are to assign a data type of an address of a patient, what
would it be?
 Text- In Ms-Access, what datatype that is equivalent to alpha numeric?
 Currency- What datatype that is appropriate entries in a form of amount
or money?
 Logical- What data type that outputs for only two results?
 DBMS- Computer program used to input, store, modify, process and
access data in a database is referred to as
 Processing files- A computer program or a set of instruction that, when
executed, causes the computer to open or start a pecific computer
program or function.
 Data file- Files that contain data that have been captured and stored on
a computer using a software program.
 FTP- A program that is used to upload files to and download from
distant computer.
 File transmission protocol- FTP means
 User id, name of computer, domain name- There are 3 parts of an email
address. What are these parts?
 Create web pages- What can HTML do?
 Telnet- is one of the protocols used in the internet for terminal
emulation program that is part of the TCP/IP protocols.
 UTP cable- What cable that is used to connect star topology?
 Hub- In star topology, the computers are using UTP cables connected
in a ________ to share resources.
 Table- A set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model
of vertical columns (which are identified by their name) and horizontal
rows.
 Computer- Is an electronic device capable of handling large arithmetic
and logical operations.