Tanong at Sagot: Ang CARP

1. Ano ang CARP? Ano ang CARPER?

Nangangahulugan ang CARP ngComprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, isang pagsisikap ng

pamahalaan na pagkalooban ang mga walang-lupang magsasaka at manggagawa sa bukid ng
pagmamay-ari sa mga lupang sakahan.Isinabatasito ni Pangulong Corazon C. Aquino noong Hunyo 10,
1988, at nakatakdang lubusang maisakatuparan pagdating ng 1998. Pagsapit ng taning nito, ipinasa ng
Kongreso ang isang batas (Republic Act No. 8532) na naglalagak ng dagdag na pondo sa programa at
awtomatikong inilalaan ang mga nakaw na yamang nabawi ng PCGG [Presidential Commission on Good
Governance] para sa CARP hanggang 2008.

Ang CARPER naman, oComprehensive Agrarian Reform ProgramExtension with Reforms, ayisang
batasna muling iuusog ang taning ng pamamahagi ng lupang sakahan sa mga magsasaka, sang-ayon sa
CARP. Babaguhin din nito ang ibang mga kondisyong nakasaad sa CARP. Isinabatas ang CARPER
noong Agosto 7, 2009.

2. Sino-sino ang mga benepisyaryo ng CARP?

Ang mga walang-lupang magsasaka kasama na ang mga nangungupahan, regular, panahunan, at iba
pang uri ng manggagawa sa bukid. Tutukuyin at sasalain ng  Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) ang
mga posibleng benepisyaryo at titiyakin din nito ang kanilang kuwalipikasyon. Halimbawa, kailangan
mong maging 15 taong gulang o higit pa, residente ng barangay kung nasaan ang lupang sakahan, at
magmay-ari ng hindi hihigit sa 3 ektarya ng lupang sakahan upang maging karapat-dapat na
benepisyaryo.

3. Ano-ano ang mga sangay ng pamahalaang kabilang sa pagpapatupad ng programa?

Maraming ahensya ang kabilang sa pagpapatupad ng CARP. Ang mga pangunahing ahensya ay ang
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), at ang Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). Tungkulin nilang tukuyin at ipamahagi ang mga sakop na lupa ng programa o ang mga
tinatawag na CARPable land.

4. Gaano kalawak na lupain ang napapasailalim sa repormang agraryo?

Tinatayang 7.8 milyong ektarya ng lupain ang sakop ng CARP.

5. Gaano kalawak na  lupain ang nasakop at naipamahagi na sa ngayon?

Noong Disyembre 31, 2013, nakasakop at nakapamigay na ng 6.9 milyong ektarya ng lupa ang
pamahalaan, katumbas ng 88% ng kabuuang lupa sa ilalim ng CARP.
6. Gaano kalawak na lupain ang naipamahagi na sa mga benepisyaryo sa ilalim ng
administrasyong ito?

Mula Hulyo 2010 hanggang Disyembre 2013, nakapagpamahagi na ang administrasyon ng 715,514
ektarya o 45% ng kabuuang lupaing naiwan sa administrasyong ito na dapat ipamigay sa mga
benepisyaryong magsasaka.

Mula rito, 412, 782 ektarya ng lupain na ang naipamahagi ng DAR at 338,732 ektarya naman ang sa
DENR.

7. Gaano kalawak pang lupain ang kailangang sakupin ng pamahalaan upang ipamahagi sa mga
magsasaka?

Kailangan pa ng DAR na sumakop ng 771,795 ektarya habang kailangan naman ng DENR na sumakop
ng 134,857 ektarya—906,652 ektarya sa kabuuan.

8. Paano masasakop ng pamahalaan ang mga lupain?

Maraming iba’t ibang paraan sa pagkamit at pamimigay ng pampubliko at pribadong lupaing pansaka.
Para sa mga pribadong lupain na sasailalim sa sapilitang pagkuha, magbibigay ang DAR ng Notice of
Coverage sa mga orihinal na may-ari ng lupain. Nabigyan na ng Notice of Coverage ang higit sa
karamihan ng mga lupain pagsapit ng Hunyo 30, 2014.

9. Ano ang Notice of Coverage?

Ang notice of coverage (NOC) ay isang sulat na ipinapaalam sa may-ari ng lupain na sakop ng CARP
ang lupain niya, at maaaring bilhin ng pamahalaan at ipamahagi sa mga benepisyaryo ng CARP.
Kasabay noon, ipinapaalam din nito sa may-ari ang mga karapatan niya sa ilalim ng batas, kasama na
ang karapatang panatilihin ang 5 ektarya sa kaniyang pagmamay-ari .

10. Pagtapos ng panahon ng CARPER (Agosto 7, 2009 hanggang Hunyo 30, 2014), paano
maipamamahagi ng DAR sa mga benepisyaryo ang natitirang mga lupain na nakapailalim sa
sapilitang pagkuha?

Hangga’t naipamigay ang mga Notice of Coverage nang hindi lalampas sa Hunyo 30, 2014,
magpapatuloy ang pamamahagi ng lupa sa mga benepisyaryo hanggang tuluyan itong matapos. Sang-
ayon ito sa Seksyon 30 ng CARPER (R.A. No. 9700). Ibig-sabihin, kahit pagkatapos ng palugit ng
CARPER, ipinag-uutos ng batas mismo sa mga kinauukulang ahensya na tapusin ang pamamahagi ng
lupa sa mga benepisyaryo hanggang sa pinakahuling ektarya. Nagsisilbi itong panigurado sa mga
magsasaka na magpapatuloy ang mga kasunod na proseso sa pagtanggap ng kanilang lupa (hal.
pagtukoy ng benepisyaryo, sarbey, paggawa at pagrerehistro ng mga titulo ng lupa sa mga
benepisyaryo).
11. Paano binabalak ng DAR pangasiwaan ang nalalabing lupain (771,795 ektarya) na dapat pa
nitong ipamahagi?

Tinataya ng DAR na mamamahagi ito ng 187,686 ektarya sa 2014; 198,631 ektarya sa 2015; at 385,478
sa 2016.

Sa natitirang CARPable na lupain, 551,275 ektarya ang itinuturing na kayang ipamahagi habang 220,520
ektarya ang itinuturing na problematiko. Gagawaan ng paraan ang mga problematikong lupain.

12. Ano-ano ang mga naging hamon sa pagsakop at pamimigay ng mga pribadong lupain?

May mga pagkakataon na ang technical description (ang tumutukoy sa hangganan ng lupain) sa titulo ay
mali at kailangang itama. May ilang mga titulong nasira; kailangang maglabas ulit nito ang korte. Minsan
may mga alitan sa mga posibleng benepisyaryo kung sino ang dapat o hindi dapat maging benepisyaryo;
kailangang pamagitnaan o ayusin nito. Maaari ding magpetisyon ang may-ari ng lupa na hindi masali ang
lupa niya sa sakop ng CARP; kailangang maayos ang mga ito (umaabot pa nga minsan ang iba
hanggang sa Korte Suprema).

Ang mga maliliit na tipak ng lupa (5-10 ektarya) ay pinayagan lamang na prosesuhin sa huling taon ng
pagpapatupad ng CARPER (Hulyo 1, 2013 hanggang Hunyo 30, 2014). Unang pinroseso para ipamigay
ang malalaking tipak ng lupa. Ang problema ay mas maraming titulong poprosesuhin at ipamimigay dahil
mas maliliit ang hatian ng lupa.

Q and A on CARP
1. What is CARP? What is CARPER?

CARP stands for theComprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, a government initiative that aims to
grant landless farmers and farmworkers ownership of agricultural lands. It was signed into lawby
President Corazon C. Aquino on June 10, 1988, and was scheduled to have been completed in 1998. On
the year of its deadline, Congress enacted a law (Republic Act No. 8532) appropriating additional funds
for the program and extending the automatic appropriation of  ill-gotten wealth recovered by the
Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) for CARP until 2008.

CARPER, or theComprehensive Agrarian Reform ProgramExtension with Reforms, is the

amendatory law that extends yet again the deadline of distributing agricultural lands to farmers for five
years. It also amends other provisions stated in CARP. CARPER was signed into lawon August 7, 2009.

2. Who are the beneficiaries of CARP?

Landless farmers, including agricultural lessees, tenants, as well as regular, seasonal and other
farmworkers. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) identifies and screens potential beneficiaries
and validates their qualifications. For example, to qualify, you must be at least 15 years old, be a resident
of the barangay where the land holding is located, and own no more than 3 hectares of agricultural land.

3. What are the government offices involved in the program?

Many agencies are involved in the implementation of CARP. The lead agencies are the Department of
Agrarian Reform (DAR), and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). They are in
charge of the identification and distribution of covered land, and is commonly refererred to as CARPable
land.

4. How much land is subject to land reform?

An estimated 7.8 million hectares of land is covered by CARP.

5. How much land has been acquired and distributed so far?

As of December 31, 2013, the government has acquired and distributed 6.9 million hectares of land,
equivalent to 88% of the total land subject to CARP.

6. How much land was distributed to beneficiaries under this administration?

From July 2010 to December 2013, the administration has distributed a total of 751,514 hectares, or 45%
of the total landholdings to be distributed to the farmer beneficiaries left under this administration.

From this, DAR has distributed 412,782 hectares and DENR has already distributed 338,732 hectares.

7. How much land does the government still need to acquire for distribution from 2014 to 2016?

DAR still needs to acquire 771,795 hectares, while the DENR still needs to acquire 134,857 hectares—a
total of 906,652 hectares.

8. How will the government acquire the landholdings?

There are different modes of acquiring and distributing public and private agricultural lands. For private
lands under compulsory acquisition, the DAR will issue Notices of Coverage to the original owners of the
landholdings. Notices of Coverage will be issued to most of the landholdings by June 30, 2014.

9. What is a notice of coverage?

A Notice of Coverage (NOC) is a letter informing a landowner that his/her land is covered by CARP, and
is subject to acquisition and distribution to beneficiaries. It likewise informs the landowner of his/her rights
under the law, including the right to retain 5 hectares.

10. After the period of time allotted for CARPER by law is passed (August 7, 2009 to June 30,
2014), how will the remaining landholdings, which are subject to compulsory acquisition, be
distributed to the beneficiaries?

As long as Notices of Coverage are issued on or before June 30, 2014, land distribution to beneficiaries
shall continue until completion, according to Section 30 of CARPER (R.A. No. 9700). Meaning, even after
CARPER’s deadline, the law itself mandates the concerned agencies to finish distributing lands to the
beneficiaries up to the very last hectare. This assures to the farmers that the process for receiving their
land will continue (e.g., beneficiary identification, survey, generation, and registration of land titles to
beneficiaries).

11. How does DAR intend to deal with the remaining landholdings (771,795 hectares) to be
distributed?

DAR projects that it will be distributing 187,686 hectares in 2014; 198,631 hectares in 2015; and 385,478
hectares in 2016.

Of the remaining CARPable landholdings to be distributed, 551,275 hectares are considered workable,
while 220,520 hectares are tagged as problematic. Solutions for problematic landholdings will be worked
out.

12. What were the challenges encountered in the course of acquiring and distributing private
lands?

There were numerous problems in implementing the land reform program:

In some cases, technical descriptions in the land titles (which determine the boundaries of the land) were
found to be erroneous and had to be corrected. Some titles were destroyed, and therefore, had to be
reissued by undergoing a court process, similar to filing a case. Potential beneficiaries argued among
themselves on who should or should not be qualified as beneficiaries; these disputes had to be mediated
or resolved by the government. In other cases, landowners may petition that their lands be exempted or
excluded from CARP coverage, and some of these petitions have gone up to the Supreme Court.

Smaller parcels of land (5 hectares to 10 hectares) were only processed in the last year of implementation
of CARPER (July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014). Past efforts focused on bigger parcels of land, which
involved more paperwork to process. Now that efforts are focused on smaller but more numerous cuts of
land, there are more claim folders to process and distribute.