EXAMPLES-2.

(1.) Condition for Maximum Discharge:-

Summary: -
For the most efficient section of a circular channel to give maximum discharge one of the
following conditions must be satisfied:-
(i) Depth of water = 0.95 diameter of circular section (i.e. y=0.95 D).
(ii) Hydraulic radius = 0.286 diameter of circular section (i.e. R=0.286 D).
(iii) Wetted perimeter = 2.60 diameter of circular section (i.e. y=2.60 D); and
= 2.83 depth of water (i.e. P=2.83 y)

(1.) Condition for Maximum Velocity Of Flow:-

Summary: -
For the most efficient section of a circular channel to give maximum velocity one of the following
conditions must be satisfied:-
(iv) Depth of water = 0.813 diameter of circular section (i.e. y=0.813 D).
(v) Hydraulic radius = 0.304 diameter of circular section (i.e. R=0.304 D).
(vi) Wetted perimeter = 2.245 diameter of circular section (i.e. P=2.245 D); and
= 2.367 depth of water (i.e. P=2.367 yy)

Q1. A circular sewer of 60 cm inside diameter has a slope of 1 in 400. Using chezy’s formula with C =
50.
(a) Find the depth when the discharge is 0.28 m3/s.
(b) Determine depth of flow in the sewer for the most efficient/ economical section:
(i) Under condition for maximum discharge; and
(ii) Under condition for maximum velocity.

Solution:-
r2 ( 0.09 (
Radius of circular sewer, r =¿ 0.3 cm; flow c/s Area, A= θ−sin θ ) = θ−sin θ ); and
2 2
wetted perimeter, P=rθ=¿ 0.3θ.
0.09
( θ−sin θ )
Hydraulic radius, A 2 0.3 ( θ−sin θ )
R= = =
P 0.3 θ 2θ
Using Chezy’s formula, Q= A . C √ RS where, Q=¿ 0.283 m3/s, C = 50 and S = 1/400 = 0.0025.
Thus, by substitution, we get:
0.09 0.3 ( θ−sinθ )
0.283=
2 √
( θ−sin θ ) x 50 x
2θ
x 0.0025 , which simplifies to:

( θ−sin θ )3=42.19θ; when solving by trial we get θ ≈ 28 6o

 o
286 o
(
(a) Thus, the depth of flow, y=r+ rcos 180o −
2 ) [ (
=0.3 1+cos 180o −
28 6
2 )]
y=0.3 [ 1+cos 37o ] = 0.54 m (Ans)
(b) (As H/W) Solve:
(i) Under condition for maximum discharge; and
(ii) Under condition for maximum velocity.