1.

1 Backwash Blowers
1.1.1 Design Basis
The effective filtration area: Af = 5.3×5.3＝28.09 m2
Air-scour rate：qa = 60 m /hr
 Air backwash flow：qA= 1685 m3 /hr = 468 L/s
1.1.2 Air-scour Flow
Air-scour rate：qa = 60 m3/m2/hr ＝ 60 m/hr
Choose DN250 air flush main pipe and adopt 2× DN150 air flush pipe for each filter, evenly
distributed.
pipe flow rate: υom= 1685.4/3.14/0.1252=9.4m/s <20m/h OK
υod= 1685.4/2/3.14/0.0752=13.8m/s <20m/s OK
1.1.3 Air Pressure Required
Friction head loss of air main pipe
The length of air main is 40 m, length of air branch pipe is 3m.
Friction head loss: Hf = i×LαTαP
Where:
i: head loss in per unit length pipe, i= 67×υ1.924/d1.281 =4.7 for main and 8.8 for branch
pipe（Pa/m）
αT: air temperature coefficient 1.00 at 20℃
αP: air pressure coefficient 1.00 at 0.1 MPa
Hf = iLαTαP=4.7×40×1.00×1.00+8.8×3×1×1=188+26.4=214 Pa
1.1.4 Head Loss in Air Pipe Fittings
The calculation formula:
HL=ξ(υ2ρ/2g)×10
HL: local head loss [Pa]
ξ: coefficient of local head loss
υ: velocity in air pipe [m/s]
ρ: density of air [kg/m3]
ρ= 1.293×273×p×10／(273＋T) (formula for calc. of ρ)
= 1.293×273×0.14×10／(273＋20)
= 1.687 kg/m3
Where:
P: air absolute pressure [MPa] （assumed blower pressure of 0.04 MPa）
T: air temperature 20 [℃]

The detail calculation can be seen in following table

Flow velocity υ2×ρ×10/2g Quantity Local head
Items Coefficient ξ
(m/s) (m3/s) . loss (Pa)
DN150x250 Tee 13.8 163.914 0.90 1 147.52
DN150 butterfly valve 13.8 163.914 0.30 1 49.17
DN150 fitting 13.8 163.914 0.20 1 32.78
DN250 butterfly valve 9.4 76.053 0.30 3 68.45
90°DN250 bend 9.4 76.053 0.90 1 68.45
DN250 fitting 9.4 76.053 0.20 2 30.42
DN250 tee 9.4 76.053 0.90 1 68.45
DN150 outlet end 13.8 163.914 1.00 1 163.91
Total head loss HL 629.16

Head loss in filter head orifices: take velocity as 30 m/s

h1= 1.5υo2 = 1.5×30 2 = 1374 Pa
Water depth above Air pipe
h2 =1,140.15－1,135.00=5.15 m
1.1.5 Required Air Pressure of Air Blowers
Leave some spare pressure, 5000 Pa＝0.5 m H2O
HT = HF＋HL＋h1＋9810×1.10×h2＋5000
= 214＋629＋1374＋9,810×1.10×5.15＋5000
=62790.65 Pa
= 628 mbar
Take 650 mbar as blower capacity selection.