DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL

EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

Name: ______________________________ Grade:_________ Date:________

Teacher___________________________

MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 7
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 3 to 5

KINDS OF SETS AND SETS RELATION

INTRODUCTION:

Assalamualaikom student. In this module you will learn that sets may contain a
definite number of elements or an unlimited number of elements. Also, you will
be familiar with the relationships that exist between two sets.

OBJECTIVE: At the end of the module, you will learn to illustrate well-defined sets, subsets,
universal sets, and the null set and cardinality of sets.

INSTRUCTION FOR LEARNERS

Please Read

Learner you need to answer first the Pre-Test before going to other activities. Do the activities in
order as they appear in this module. Read the directions for each activity and answer them in your
notebook.

PRE-TEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer among the given choices. Circle the letter
of your answer.
1) Which of the following is a negative integer?
a) - 1 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2 e) 3
2) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} is an example of _________?
a) counting number c) positive integer e) negative integer
b) natural number d) whole number
3) A set that has no element.
a) Finite set b) Unit set c) null set d) subset e) superset
4) Which of the following is an example of infinite set?
a) {x/x ∈ N and x > 5} c) {set of vowels in the English Alphabet}
b) {y/y ∈ N and 5 < y < 10} d) {the set of letters in the word smile}
5) Which of the following is not part of set relations.
a) equal sets b) unit set c) equivalent sets d) joint sets e) disjoint set
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

TRY TO DISCOVER!

A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects. It is uniquely

determined by its elements. Sets are classified according to the number of
elements they have.

Let us determine the number of elements of each set.

1. A = {counting number less than 1}
2. B = {whole number less than 1}
3. C = { counting number greater than 1}
4. D = { set of days in a week}

Set A has no element since the numbers less than 1 are negative numbers and 0 which
are not included in the set of counting numbers. A set with no element is called empty set or
null set. Set B = {0} has one element which is called a unit set. Set C = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . . }
has uncountable number of elements and this set is called infinite set. We use ellipsis ( . . .) to
show that there are numbers greater than 6 which are included in the given set. Set D =
{Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday} has countable number of
elements. So set D is an example of a finite set.

Kinds of Sets

1. Empty Set or null set 3. Finite Set

2. Unit Set 4. Infinite Set

The relationship between sets can be illustrated depending on the elements and the
number of elements contained in the given sets.
Observe and compare the elements of the following pairs of sets.
1. K = { set of letters in the word earth} ; L= { set of letter in the word heart}
2. M = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ; N = { 7, 14, 21, 28, 35}
3. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} and B = {1, 2, 5, 8, 10}
4. A = { red, yellow and blue } and B = { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}.

Solution:
1.K = { set of letters in the word earth} ; L= { set of letter in the word heart}
By listing, K = { e, a, r, t, h} and L = { h, e, a, r, t} .What do you observe on the elements of set K
and L? Yes, they have exactly the same elements. Set K and set L are equal sets.

2. M = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and N = { 7, 14, 21, 28, 35} . Do they have the same elements? How about
their cardinality? Set M and N are not equal set but they have the same cardinality. Since
n(M) = 5 and n(N) = 5, they are equivalent sets.

3. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} and B = {1, 2, 5, 8, 10}. What do you observe on set A and set B?
Set A and B has common elements, 2 and 8. This pair of set is called joint sets.

4. A = { red, yellow and blue } and B = { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}. In this sets they have different
elements or they don’t have common elements. They are disjoint sets.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

Set Relations

1. Equal Sets 3. Joint Sets

ARE YOU
2. READY TOSets
Equivalent PRACTICE?
4. Disjoint Sets

Tell whether the set is infinite or finite. Identify which sets are equal and
equivalent.
1. A = { letters in the word smile}
2. B = {set of vowels in the English alphabet}
3. D = {x / x ∈ N and x >5}
4. E = {The set of letters in the word miles}

Compare your answers with mine. We write the set by listing.

1.A = {s, m, i, I, e } is a finite set . 3. D = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, . . . } is an infinite set.
2. B = {a, e,i o, u} is a finite set. 4. E = {m, i, l, e, s} is a finite set.

Sets A and E are equal sets since they have the same elements
Sets A and B sets B and E are equivalent sets since they have the same cardinality.
Sets A and E can also be considered as equivalent sets.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1:

Classify the following as finite or infinite sets. If the set is finite, identify if it
is an empty set, a unit set or neither.

1. A = {letters in the English alphabet}

2. B = {point of intersection of two lines}
3. C = {x / x ∈ N and x is a composite number}
4. D = {0}
5. E = {numbers which are multiples of 7}
6. F = {largest 3 digit number}
7. G = {triangles having 4 sides}
8. H = {even numbers which is not divisible by 2}
9. I = {x / x ∈ N and x is an odd number}
10. J = {days of the week starting with letter T}

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:

Identify if the following pairs of sets are disjoint or joint.

Draw if they are disjoint sets and if they are joint

sets.

1. A = {boys in the school}

B = {girls in the school}

2. P = {letters in the English alphabet}

Q = {vowels in the English alphabet}

3. X = {x / x is an odd number, x < 9}

Y = {x / x is an even number, x < 10}
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

4. M = {x / x is a factor of 24}
N = {x / x is a multiple of 3, less than 30}

5. G = {letters in the word TAME}

H = {letters in the word MATE}

SUMMING UP

Kinds of Sets
1. Empty Set or Null Set is a set which does not contain any
element. It is denoted by ∅ and is read as phi. In roster form, ∅
is denoted by { }.
2. Unit Set is a set which contains only one element.
3. Finite Set is a set which contains a countable or limited
number of elements. Empty set is also called a finite set.
4. Infinite Set is a set which contains uncountable or unlimited
number of elements.

Set Relations
1. Equal Sets are two sets that have exactly the same elements.
The equal sets is denoted by “ = “
2. Equivalent Sets are two sets that have the same cardinality.
It is denoted by the symbol “ ↔ ” or “ ~ ”.
3. Joint Sets are two or more than two sets that have at least
one common element.
4. Disjoint Sets are two or more than two sets with no common
element.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3:

A. From the given sets below, list the pairs of equal sets and equivalent
sets.

A = {3, 5, 9, 13}
B = {2, 3, 4, 5}
C = {5, 9, 13, 15}
D = {4, 2, 5, 3}
E = {e, a, r, t, h}
F = {4, b}
G = {b, a}
H = {h, e, a, r, t }
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

B. From the given universal set, create 2 pairs of sets that will show a) equal sets b)
equivalent sets c) joint sets and e) disjoint sets.

Write your answers below.

 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- MINISTRY OF BASIC HIGHER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
DIVISION OF LANAO DEL SUR 1

POST – TEST

Read each question carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.

1. What kind of set is a set with no element?

A. null set C. superset
B. subset D. universal set
2. Which of the following sets is an infinite set?
A. {The set of whole numbers less than 10}
B. {The set of prime numbers greater than 10}
C. {The set of colors in rainbow}
D. {The set of factors of 124}
3. Which of the following are equal sets?
A. {Natural numbers less than five} and {Letters of the word ‘BOAT’}
B. {a, b, c, d} and {∆, ○, □, ∇}
C. {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and {even natural numbers less than 12}
D. {Even natural numbers} and {Odd natural numbers}
4. How do we call the set with the same cardinality?
A. Empty set C. Equivalent set
B. Equal set D. Joint set
5. Which of the following sets is equal to the set listed below?
X = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
A. {x | x≥2}
B. Y = {prime numbers less than 20}
C. Z = {odd numbers less than 20}
D. W = {even numbers less than 20}