Gaseous State

1. In gaseous state the force of attrarction between the molecule is minimum and hence the molecules are
far apart from one another and their position are not fixed.
2. Mass, volume and pressure of gases can be calculated.
3. Mass is expressed in grams or kg.
4. Volume is expressed in liter, cm or dm.
5. Pressure of pure gas is measured by manometer while that of mixture of gases in different units,Viz; atm,
bar torr etc.

1. Boyle’s law: It states that at constant temperature the volume of given mass of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure
2. Thus according to Boyl’s law , the product of pressure and volume of a given mass of a gas is constant
temperature.

Kinetic theory of gases

Kinetic theory was developed by Bernoulli joule, Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann etc. represents dynamic particle
or microscopic model for different gases since it throws light on the behavior of the particles which constitute the
gases and cannot be seen. Properties of gases which we studied earlier are part of macroscopic model.

Postulates
1. Every gas consists of a large number of small particles called molecules moving with very high velocities in
all possible directions.
2. The volume of the individual molecule is negligible as compared to total volume of the gas
3. .

Hydrogen
It is the first number of the element in periodic table.

It is the lightest element known and its atomic form exists only at high temp.

It was discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766 by the action of acids on metals and was named
as inflammable air.

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