FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

Wounds – are injuries that may or may not cause a break in the skin
 Closed Wound – no external bleeding in the skin (contusion, bruise)
 Open Wound – there is an obvious break in the skin and tissues
Types of open wounds:
1. Abrasion - scraping or rubbing of the skin against a rough surface
2. Avulsion – caused by animal bites, explosions which tissues are torn and
mostly separated from the body
3. Incision – clean and deep cut caused by a sharp object like a knife,
cutter, blade
4. Laceration – jagged, irregular or blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues
that leaves the skin open (may be shallow or deep)
5. Puncture – caused by a pointed object like ballpen, and nails

Abrasion Avulsion Incision Laceration Puncture

Reference: Health Central. (2019). Open Wounds. Retrieved June 25, 2020 from
https://www.healthcentral.com/condition/open-wounds
 Fractures – a broken
bone that needs
medical attention
Sprains – the stretching or
tearing of the ligaments
(commonly located in the
ankle)
Strains – the stretching or
tearing of muscle or
tendon usually occurs at
the lower back and the
hamstring muscles at the
back of the thigh
TREATMENT (Remember
RICES):
 Rest the injured areas
 Ice packs are
important to reduce
swelling
 Compression of the
injured area
 Elevate the injured
area above the
heart to reduce
swelling
 Splint the injured to
immobilize (this is for
fractures)

Reference: Miranda, Q. et. al. (2018). MAPEH for Today’s Learner 9.

Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

DRESSING AND BANDAGING

DRESSING - a sterilized cloth pad or similar fabric used to cover a wound to
promote healing and prevent infections

Commercially prepared dressings:

 Rolled gauze
 Gauze pads
 Square gauze
 Adhesive strips (Mediplast, Band-aid)

Improvised Dressing:
 Any sterile and absorbent
material
BANDAGE – a piece of material used to:
a. protect the wound from environmental bacteria
b. hold a dressing and/or splint
c. provide support in an injured part
d. to create pressure over a bleeding
to prevent bleeding and swelling

Roller bandage Triangular bandage

Parts and measurement of a Triangular Bandage:

Point is also called as apex

40 inches 40 inches

56 inches

Open-phase Bandage

Broad Cravat

Narrow cravat
 DIFFERENT TRIANGULAR BANDAGING TECHNIQUES

Open head/Scalp Bandage Forehead Bandage Ear-Cheek-Jaw Bandage

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Shoulder-armpit Bandage Arm Sling

Shoulder bandage – the center is placed on There are two (2) ways to do the arm sling:
the shoulder
Armpit Bandage – the center is placed on
the armpit
The example is an armpit bandage

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Open Palm Bandage (vertical cut) Closed Palm Bandage (horizontal cut)

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Forearm/Arm/Leg and Thigh Bandage Hand/Foot Bandage
The pattern in doing the bandage is just the
same. Just remember to place the center of the
bandage to the dressing of the wound and tie
the square knot at the area of the wound to
apply pressure.
The sample below, is the bandage for the leg.

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Chest Bandage Ankle Bandage

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