f~wgK¤ú e¨e¯’vcbv

f’wgKv
`y‡h©vM cÖm½wU gvbe Rxe‡bi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| hy‡M hy‡M gvbyl Zvi Ávb I
AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wewfbœ cÖKvi `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv K‡i G c„w_ex‡Z wU‡K
Av‡Q| f’wgK¤ú GKcÖKvi `y‡h©vM hv BwZc~‡e© wewfbœ †`‡k msNwUZ nIqvi Z_¨vw`
we‡kølY Ki‡j Gi fqvenZv mn‡RB Abyaveb Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvby‡li f’wgK¤ú wel‡q
Ávb I AwfÁZv LyeB Kg| GKgvÎ f’wgK¤ú wel‡q Ávb AvniY Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki AwfÁZv
Kv‡R jvwM‡q c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY I cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g G `y‡h©v‡Mi
ÿqÿwZ Kgv‡bv m¤¢e| Kv‡RB f’wgK¤ú cÖm½wU Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
f~wgK¤ú wK?
†Kvb Kvi‡b f~-c„ô Av‡jvwoZ n‡q Gi †Kvb †Kvb As‡k AvKw®§K K¤ú‡bi m„wó n‡j Zv‡K
f~wgK¤ú e‡j| f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j f‚-c„‡ô SvKzbx ev MwZ Pv‡j¨i m„wó nq hv A‡bK mgq
gvivZ¥K ÿqÿwZ I cÖvY nvwbi KviY n‡q `vovq| ¯’jfv‡M Giƒc SvKzbx n‡j Zv‡K f~wgK¤ú
e‡j Ges mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k Giƒc SvKzbx n‡j Zv‡K mybvgx(Tsunami) e‡j|

f~wgK‡¤úi c~e©vfvm
G ch©š— weÁvbm¤§Z fv‡e f~wgK‡¤úi †Kvb c~e©vfvm Avwe¯‹…Z nqwb| mwZ¨Kvi fv†e
f~wgK‡¤úi wbwÏó mgq ejv bv †M‡jI f‚ZvwZ¡K Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g †Kvb& †Kvb& GjvKv
f~wgK¤ú cÖeb Zvnv wba©vib Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|

f~wgK‡¤úi Kvibmgyn

1| f~-Av‡›`vjb Z_v †UK‡UvwbK †cø‡Ui mÂvjb RwbZ Kvi‡Y f‚&&-Z¡‡Ki †Kvb š’v‡b
cÖKvÛ wkjvPz¨wZ NU‡j|
2| f‚Mf© Zvc wewKiY K‡i ms‡KvwPZ n‡j mvgÄm¨ iÿv Ki‡Z ewnf©vM I Af¨šÍ‡i dvUj m„wó
n‡j|
3| f‚-Af¨šÍ‡i cywÄf‚Z Zvc I Pvc f‚ -M‡f©i wbgœfv‡M av°v w`‡j|
4| Av‡MœqwMwii AMœyrcv‡Zi d‡j|
5| gvbe Kg©KvÛ RwbZ Kvi‡Y|
f‚wgK‡¤úi cÖK…wZ I ˆewkó¨
f‚Af¨šÍ‡i †h¯’v‡b f‚K¤ú‡bi DrcwË nq Zv‡K †K›`zª ev Focus e‡j| †K‡›`zªi †mvRv Dc‡i
f‚c„ô¯’ we›`yi bvg Dc‡K›`zª ev Epicentre| K¤ú‡bi ‡eM Dc‡K‡›`zª me©v‡c¶v †ewk| Avi GB
†eM Dc‡K›`zª †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i Pviw`‡K K‡g hvq| hw` Focus f‚c„‡ôi 0-70 wK.wg.Gi g‡a¨ nq
Zvn‡j Zv‡K AMfxi Focus f‚wgK¤ú e‡j; wKš‘ hLb Zv 70-700 wK.wg. Gi g‡a¨ nq ZLb Zv‡K
Mfxi Focus f‚wgK¤ú e‡j| AMfxi Focus f‚wgK¤ú AwaKZi ¶q¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| weuÁvbxiv g‡b
K‡ib †h, GKwU gvSvix ai‡bi f‚wgK¤ú †_‡K †h kw³ wbM©Z nq Zv 180 wgwjqb †gwUzªK Ub
TNT (trinitrotolune) Gi mgvb| A_©vr G kw³ 2q gnvhy‡× wn‡ivwkgvq wbw¶ß †evgvi kw³i 10
nvRvi ¸b †ewk|
f‚wgK‡¤úi m¤fve¨ djvdj
 Nievwo, abm¤ú` I hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v webó nq|
 wewfbœ cvKv feb I Nievwoi wb‡P Pvcv c‡o eû msL¨K gvbyl g„Zz¨eiY K‡i|
  eû gvbyl AvnZ nq GgbwK cs¸ nq|
 Nievwoi wb‡P eû gvbyl AvUKv c‡o |
 Pzjvi Av¸b, ˆe`ywZK kU©mvwK©U ev †c‡Uªvj, †K‡ivwmb BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡Y Av¸b
†j‡M eû ÿqÿwZ nq|
 ivmvqwbK c`v‡_© Av‡jvo‡bi d‡j we‡¯dviY N‡U| ˆZj, M¨vm I cvBc jvB‡b Av¸b a†i
hvq|
 Mevw` cï, nuvm-gyiwMI Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx e¨vcKfv‡e g„Zz¨eiY K‡i|
 MvQcvjv Dc‡o hvq Ges †¶Z I dm‡ji e¨vcK ¶q¶wZ nq|
 wew¶ß aŸsm¯—‚c I MvQcvjv c‡o iv¯—v-Nv‡U cÖwZeÜKZvi m„w÷ nq; GgbwK iv¯
—v NvU bó nq|
 wewfbœ eªxR I KvjfvU© aŸsm n‡q cÖwZeÜKZvi m„w÷ nq|
 jvBU †cv÷ Dc‡o wM‡q Av‡jv e¨e¯’v wewNœZ nq|
 nvmcvZvj, wK¬wbK BZ¨vw` †mevg~jK cÖwZôvb aŸ‡m hvq|
 hvbevnb mg~n webó n‡q Ri“wi cwienb e¨e¯’v wewNœZ K‡i|
 A‡bK mgq b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b nq Ges cyKzi,b`x-bvjv ïwK‡q hvq|
 mgy`ª DcK‚‡j R‡jvPQvm nq|
 A‡bK mgq D”Pf‚wg AebwgZ n‡q Rjvk‡q cwiYZ nq|
 A‡bK mgq ce©‡Zi Dci wkjvcvZ I wngvwbcvZ nh Ges ¯’jfv‡M Rj‡mªvZ †b‡g G‡m
AvKw¯§K eb¨vi m„wó nq |
 f‚Z¡‡Ki h‡_ó cwieZ©b N‡U wkjv¯—‡i fuvR duvUj I P y¨wZ N‡U DcZ¨Kvi m„wó nq;
Avevi A‡bK mgq cvjwjK wkjvi fuvR c‡o ce©‡Zi m„wó nq|
 f‚wgK‡¤úi c‡iv¶ dj¯^i“c A‡bK mgq `ywf¶ I gnvgvix‡Z eû cÖvYnvwb N‡U; AvZœxq-
¯^Rb nvwi‡q A‡bK gvbyl weKviMÖ¯— nq|

f~wgK‡¤úi gvÎv wba©vib

f~wgK¤ú‡K cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ †h hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq Zvi bvg wmm‡gvMÖvd| f~wgK†¤úi kw³
Z_v ZxeªZv cwigvc Kiv nq wiKUvi ‡¯‹‡j hv 1 n‡Z 10 ch©šÍ 10 wU BDwb‡U wef³ _v‡K|
Avevi f’wgK‡¤úi cÖPÛZv Z_v ÿqÿwZ wbiƒcb Kiv nq ms‡kvwaZ gv‡K©jx †¯‹‡j| G †¯‹j
†ivgvb msL¨vq 1 n‡Z 12 ch©šÍ 12wU BDwb‡U wef³|
K| ZxeªZv t (Magnitude)
1| 5 wiKUvi †¯‹‡ji wb‡P f~wgK¤ú‡K (Small)
2| 5-6 wiKUvi †¯‹‡ji f~wgK¤ú‡K (Moderate)
3| 6-7 wiKUvi †¯‹‡ji f~wgK¤ú‡K (Large scale)
4| 7-7.8 wiKUvi †¯‹‡ji f~wgK¤ú‡K (Major)
5| 7.8 ev Zvi Dc‡ii f~wgK¤ú‡K (Great)
L| cÖPÛZv t (Intensity)

1| fqven (Violent)
2| cÖPÛ (Severe)
3| gvSvwi (Moderate)
4| g„`y (Mild)
f’wgK¤ú I evsjv‡`k
evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡bi eb¨v, Lov, N~wY©So, R‡jv”Qvm,b`xfv½b BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©v‡Mi wZ³ AwfÁZv _vK‡‡jI Zv‡`i f’wgK‡¤úi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Ávb I AwfÁZv †bB
ej‡jB P‡j| †iKW© Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq †h, G‡`‡k 1978 mv‡j 10 evi, 1999 mv‡j21 evi Ges 2000
mv‡ji GwcÖj ch©šÍ 14 evi †QvU I gvSvix ai‡bi f’wgK¤ú n‡q‡Q| RvwZmsN cÖYxZ Earthquake
Disaster risk Index Abyhvqx c„w_exi me‡P‡q SuwKc~Y© 20 wU kn‡ii g‡a¨ XvKv Ab¨Zg|
GQvov, evsjv‡`k c„wLexi f’wgK¤ú cÖeb AÂj Z_v wngvjq †e‡ë Aew¯’Z weavq cÖvPxbKvj
†_‡K G‡`‡k gv‡S gv‡S f’wgK¤ú msNwUZ nq| c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki †P‡q GLb evsjv‡`‡k
f’wgK‡¤ú ÿqÿwZi cwigvb AZ¨šÍ †ewk nIqvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| Gi KviY n‡”Q- (K) RbmsL¨vi
NbZ¡ †ewk (L) AwaK feb (M) AcwiKwíZ AeKvVv‡gv (N) kniv‡j †Lvjv RvqMv Afve I miæ
Mwjc_ (O) jvBd jvBbmy‡ni (h_v- we`y¨r, M¨vm, cvwb, cqt wb®‹vkb e¨ve¯’v, iv¯Ív, eªxR,
KvjfvU© BZ¨vw`) `yive¯’v| f’wgK¤ú cÖebZvi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k‡K wZbwU c„_K A‡j
fvM K‡i miKvi GKwU gvbwPÎ cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| Zvig‡a¨ 1 bs AÂj me‡P‡q †ewk
SuywKc~Y©, 2 bs AÂj A‡cÿvK…Z Kg SuywKc~Y© Ges 3 bs AÂj me‡P‡q Kg
SuywKc~Y©| wb‡gœ gvbwPÎ I GZ`msµvšÍ eY©bv cÖ`vb Kiv nj|

evsjv†`‡ki f~wgK¤ú cÖeb GjvKv mg~n t

K| me©vwaK SzuwKc~b ©GjvKvmg~n-
iscyi, jvjgwbinvU, KzwoMÖvg,MvBevÜv, cvebv, ‡kicyi, Rvgvjcyi, wK‡kviMÄ, gqgbwmsn,
†b·Kvbv, mybvgMÄ, nweMÄ, wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi I we-evoxqv|
L| A‡cÿvK…Z Kg SzuwKc~b© GjvKvmg~n-
cÂMo,VvKziMvuI,bxjdvgvix,RqcyinvU,PvcvBbeveMÄ,ivRkvnx,e¸ov,wmivRMÄ,bIMuv,bv‡
Uvi, kwiqZcyi, Uv½vBj, MvRxcyi,gvwbKMÄ, XvKv, bvivqbMÄ, biwms`x, Kzwgjøv,
Puv`cyi, †dbx, ‡bvqvLvjx, PÆMÖvg, LvMovQwo, iv½vgvwU, ev›`vievb †UKbvd I K·evRvi|
M| †`‡ki evKx Ask Su~wKi w`K w`‡q Z…Zxq ¯’v‡b|
f’wgK¤ú †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Kibxq KvR‡K wZbwU ch©v‡q fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-

K| f’wgK†¤úi c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wnmv‡e Kibxq

L| f’wgK‡¤úi mgq Kibxq
M| f’wgK‡¤úi c‡i Kibxq|

f’wgK‡¤úi c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ wn‡m‡e Kibxq

1| f’wgK¤ú m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿY I aviYv jvf Kiv Ges cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨‡K f’wgK‡¤úi SzuwK I
KiYxq m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv|
2| Ni-evwo k³ gvwU‡Z gReyZ K‡i ˆZix Kiv Ges DPz feb ˆZixi mgq gvwU cixÿv K‡i †bIqv I
wewìs †KvW AbymiY K‡i evwo ˆZix Kiv|
3| mwVK gv‡bi wbg©vb mvgMÖx e¨envi Kiv|
4| f’wgK¤ú Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i Giƒc ¯’vcbv I welh-m¤úwË m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KvVv‡gvMZ feb (÷ªvKPvivj
I bb ÷ªvKPvivj DcKiY Øviv wbg©xZ), KvVv‡gvnxb feb, AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev mswkøó
¯’vcbvmgyn (†hgb- cvwb, we`y¨r, M¨vm, ‡Uwj‡dvb, nvmcvZvj, cqt wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw`),
hvZvqvZ I cwienb e¨e¯’v ( †hgb- iv¯Ív, eªxR, mgy`ª I b`xe›`i, Gqvi‡cvU© BZ¨vw`)|
5| LvU I †Uwej k³ DcKiY w`‡q ˆZix Kiv hv‡Z f’wgK‡¤úi mgq Zvi wb‡P Avkªq †bIqv hvq|
6| `yB evwoi gv‡S wbivc` `yiZ¡ eRvq ivLv|
7| GKZjv fe‡b GKvwaK `iRv Ges eûZj fe‡b ch©vß `iRv mn GKvwaK wmwo I Riæix
ewntMgb wmwo ivLv|
8| evwo‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK jvBb I M¨vm jvBb AZ¨šÍ wbivc` I mwVKfv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv hv‡_
ZvrÿwbKfv‡e eÜ Kiv hvq|
9| M¨v‡mi Pzjv R¡vwj‡q bv ivLv|
10| f’wgK‡¤úi mgq e¨env‡ii Rb¨ evwoi cÖ‡Z¨K m`‡m¨i Rb¨ †nj‡gU wK‡b ivLv|
11| e¨vUvix PvwjZ †iwWI, UP© jvBU I cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv miÄvg evwo‡Z msiwÿZ ivLv|
12| welv³/ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` wbivc` ¯’v‡b ivLv hv‡Z cvwbi U¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †Kvbfv‡eB
wgk‡Z bv cv‡i|
13| cÖ‡qvRbxq Îvb mvgMÖx msMÖn I gRy` ivLv|
14| f’wgK¤ú mswkøó wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi `vwqZ¡ c~‡e©B wba©viY
Kiv Ges h_vmg†q Zv cvj‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv|
15| †mev`vbKvix ms¯’vmgy‡ni †Uwj‡dvb b¤^i, Ae¯’vb I †mevi aiY BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© aviYv
ivLv|
16| cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq hv‡Z cvwb e¨envi Kiv hvq †mRb¨ bMixi Rjvkq¸‡jv fivU bv Kiv|
17| gv‡S gv‡S f’wgK¤ú welqK gnovq Ask MÖnY Kiv|

f’wgK‡¤úi mgq Kibxq

1| f’wgK‡¤úi cÖ_g SvKzbxi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwiev‡ii mKj‡K wb‡q `ªæZ Ni †_‡K ‡ewo‡q †Lvjv
RvqMvq Avkªq wb‡Z n‡e| †Kvb wKQz ms‡M †bIqvi †jv‡f Ah_v mgq bó bv Kiv|
2| N‡i †nj‡gU _vK‡j `ªæZ wb‡R c‡o †bIqv Ges Ab¨‡`i‡K co‡Z ejv|
3| ‰e`y¨wZK †gBb myBP I M¨vm myBP eÜ Kiv|
4| Ni †_‡K †ei n‡Z bv cvi‡j ‡d«Bg&W wewìs Gi †ÿ‡Î Kjv‡gi †Mvovq, wmwoi wb‡P Ges
AvavcvKv wewìs ev wU‡bi N‡ii Gi †ÿ‡Î k³ LvU ev †Uwe‡ji wb‡P Avkªq †bqv|
5| wó‡ji Avjgvix ev my‡Km †_‡K `~‡i _vKv|
6| AvZ‡¼ eûZj feb †_‡K jvvd bv †`Iqv|
7| wjdU e¨envi bv Kiv |
8| cvwb‡Z _vK‡j SUcU D‡V cov|
9| N‡ii evB‡i _vK‡j ˆe`y¨wZK Zvi, DPz MvQ ev Bgvi‡Zi KvQvKvwQ bv _vKv|
10| Mvwo‡Z _vK‡j wbivc` ¯’v‡b _vwg‡q †djv| KLbI weª‡Ri Dci Mvwo _vgv‡bv hv‡e bv|

f’wgK¤ú cieZx© Kibxq

1| AwMœ wbe©vcb, D×vi, cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv BZ¨vw` †mevg~jK Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv|
2| `yM©Z gvby‡li Avkªq, Lv`¨ I weï× cvwbi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
3| ch©vß msL¨K †¯^”Qv‡meK msMwUZ Kiv|
4| GjvKvi iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui cÖwZeÜKZv AcmviY I c~bt wbg©v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
5| AvBb k„•Ljv iÿv‡_© cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
6| D×viKvix I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv Kiv|
7| AvnZ, Amnvq I me©nviv gvbyl‡`i mvšÍbv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g g‡bvej wVK ivLv|
8| g„Z e¨w³‡`i mrKvi Kiv Ges g„Z Mevw` cï gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †djv|
9| ÿwZMÖ¯’ we`y¨r jvBb, M¨vm jvBb,cqtwb®‹vkb jvBb BZ¨vw` †givgZ I cybt¯’vc‡bi e¨e¯’v
Kiv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, fv½v ˆe`y¨wZK LyuwU.Zvi BZ¨vw` cixÿv bv K‡i nvZ †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
10| Îvb mvgMÖx myôz weZi‡Y mnvqZv Kiv|
11| aŸsm¯‘c I AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
12| miKvwi ch©v‡q wewfbœ †mevg~jK ms¯’vi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q Kiv|
13| Avcwb hw` †Kvb Ave× K‡ÿ AvUKv c‡o _v‡Kb Ges Avcbvi WvK D×viKvixMb ïb‡Z bv
cvq Zvn‡j k³ †Kvb wKQz w`‡q k³ RvqMvq †Rv‡o †Rv‡o AvNvZ K‡i D×viKvix‡`i
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi †Pôv Kiæb|

†gvt †iRvDj Kwig

GWRyU¨v›U

--mgvß--