Lesson Plan in General Mathematics

GOLDENSTATE COLLEGE Issue No. Rev No. Reference No.
General Santos City 01 00 RF-ACA-SHS12-001-20

Effectivity Date: Page No.
General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 1 of 26
WEEK 1 LESSONS
Desired Learning Outcomes
1. Define functions and relations.

2. Determine whether a relation is a function.
3. Use vertical line test to identify functions.
4. Solve real – life situations using functions, including piecewise function.
______________________________________________________________________
Getting Ready
Directions: Determine the input and output of the given machine.
Input Machine Output

1. 1. toaster 1.
2. 2. washer 2.
3. 3. oven 3.
Definition: A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x , y).
Example 1. The list and the set of ordered pairs below show the same relation. Each letter is
paired with a number.
Letter Number
I 4
L 5
O 6
V 8
E 3
M 6
A 2
T 8
H 4
{(I,4), (L,5), (O,6), (V,8), (E,3), (M,6), (A,2), (T,8), (H,4)}
SHS - General Mathematics

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The domain is {I, L , O, V, E, M, A, T, H} and the range is {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}. Note that for
each letter there corresponds exactly one number. This is a special kind of relation called
function.
Definition: A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only
one value in the range by some rule.
The members of the domain can be called inputs and the members of the range can be called
outputs. Arrows can be used to describe correspondence in the function.
Example 2.
Letter Number
I 2
L
O 3
V 4
E
M 5
A 6
T
H 8
{(I,4), (L,5), (O,6), (V,8), (E,3), (M,6), (A,2), (T,8), (H,4)}
This relation is a function, since each element in the domain {I, L , O, V, E, M, A, T, H} is

assigned to one element in the range. Even though the range element 4 is assigned to two
elements of the domain, I and H, it is still a function since each element of the domain is
assigned to only one element of the range.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y), such that no two ordered pairs have the same
x – value but different y – values.
Example 3. Which of the following relations are functions?

f = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)}
g = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7)}
h= Domain Range
4 I
3 F
8 U
2 B
5 A
K
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E
Solution.
The relations f is a function because no two ordered pairs have the same x – value but
different y – values. Meanwhile, g and h are not function. In relation g, (1,3) and (1,4) are
ordered pairs with the same x – value but different y values. In relation h, 3 is assigned to two
letters, F and E, and 2 is assigned to two letters, B and A.
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of
the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the relation or
function is represented by the set of all the connections represented by the arrows.
Example 4. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?
f
1 3
2 5 h
3 9 7 11
4 17 13
5 33 2 17
19
1 23
5 g 0
6
7
8
9 1
Solution.
The relations f and g are functions because each value y in Y is unique for a specific
value of x. The relation h is not a function because there is at least one element in X for which
there is more than one corresponding y – value. For example, x = 7 corresponds to y = 11 or
13. Similarly, x = 2 corresponds to both y = 17 or 19.
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a graph in the Cartesian plane,
and that a function passes the vertical line test.
The Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
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Example 5. Which of the following can be graphs of functions?
a.) b.) c.)
d.) e.)
Solution.
Graphs a.), d.) and e.) are graphs of functions while b.), and c.) are not because they do
not pass the vertical line test.
Important Concepts
 Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from the set
of outputs.
Definition. The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.
 Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the set of
Exampleinputs.
6. Identify the domain for each relation using set builder notation.
a.) y = 2x + 1
b.) y = x² - 2x + 2
c.) y = √ x+1

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2 x +1
d.) y =
x−1
Solution. The domains for the relations are as follows.
a.) {x : x ∈ ℝ} b.) {x : x ∈ ℝ} c.) {x : x ∈ ℝ, x ≥ -1} d.) {x : x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 1}
Functions as representations of real – life situations.
Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying appropriate functional
model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.
Example 7. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to a
river (see figure). Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed,in terms of x.
river
y
x
Solution. The area of the rectangular enclosure is A = xy. We will write this as a function of x.
Since only 100m fencing is available, then x + 2y = 100 or y = (100 – x)/2 = 50 – 0.5x. Thus,
A(x) = x (50 – 0.5x) = 50x – 0.5x².
Piecewise Functions
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the
value of the independent variable.
Example 8. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100
free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charge P1 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a
month.
Solution. The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function.

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300 , if 0< m≤100

t ( m )= {300+m ,if m>100
Solved Examples
1. Is the relation {(0,0), (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), . . . (n,n²), …} a function?

2. Which of the following diagram represents a relation that is not a function?
3. Give the domain of y= √2−x using set builder notation.

4. Squares of side x are cut from each corner of an 8 in x 5 in rectangle ( see figure), so
that its sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that
can represent the volume of this box.
8 inches
x
5 inches
5. A certain chocolate bar costs P35.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 10
pieces, they will be marked down to a price of P32.00 per piece. Use a piecewise
function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.
f ( n )= 35 n , if 0< n≤ 10
{ 32 n ,if n> 10
LESSON 1. EXERCISES

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I. Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Give the domain and range of
each relation.
1. {(2,3), (4,5), (6,6)}
2. {(4,5),(4,6), (5,5), (5,6)}
3. {(-2,-2), (-1,-1), (0,0), (1,1)}
4. {(5,1), )(5,2), (5,3)}
II. State whether or not each relation is a function.
5. 6. 7.
h g
100 1
3 x y
4 4
200 2 4 9
4 8
300 3 -3 4 12
4 16
8 9. 10.
Year Expenses
2002 P4 000 000
2003 P5 000 000
III. 2004 P4 000 000

Find the domain and range of each relation.
2005 P5 500 000
11. f(x) = 4x² + 3x - 1 12.
3
g(x) = 13. y= √ x+ 2
x+ 4
2
14. f(x) = 9 – 3(x + 2) 15. h(x) =
x ²−16
IV. Answer each of the following.
16. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S
as a function of the number n of days that the person works.
17. A taxi ride costs P40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each additional 300 meters
(or a function thereof) adds P3.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the taxi
fare in terms of distance d in meters.
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WEEK 2. LESSONS
Desired Learning Outcomes
1. Evaluate functions.
2. Represents real – life situations using functions.
____________________________________________________________________________
Getting Ready
Find the value of each expression and write it in the square. Let n = 15
(2n – 11)
n² n
+ 20
5
n/3
3n + 3
(n – 5)² n
n+7
(30 – 4n)
11
Definition: Evaluating function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x,
with a value from the function’s domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are
evaluating f at a for some a in the domain of f, we write f(a).
Example 1. Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:

2 x +1
(h) g(h) = 2x + 1 (j) r(x) =
x−1
(i) q(h) = x 2−2 x+2 (k) F(x) = [x] + 1, where [x] is the greatest integer function.
Solution. Substituting 1.5 for x in the functions above, we have
(a) g(1.5) = 2(1.5) + 1 = 4

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(b) q(1.5) = (1.5)² - 2(1.5) + 2 = 2.25 – 3 + 2 = 1.25

2 ( 1.5 ) +1 3+1
(c) r(x) = = =8
( 1.5 ) −1 0.5
(d) f(x) = {1.5} + 1 = 1+1 = 2
Example 2. Find (-4) and r(1) where g and r are as defined in the previous example.
Solution. This is not possible because -4 is not in the domain of g(x) and 1 is not in the domain
of r(x).
Example 3. Evaluate the following functions, where f and q are as defined in Example 1.
(a) f(3x – 1) (b) q (2x + 3)
Solution.
(a) f(3x – 1) = 2 ( 3x – 1) + 1 (b) q (2x + 3) = (2x + 3)² + 2(2x + 3) + 2
=6x – 2 + 1 = (4x² + 12x + 9) – 4x -6 +2
= 6x - 1 = 4x² + 8x + 5
The following steps will be helpful in solving problems involving function.
1. Read and comprehend the problem carefully.

2. Identify the function to be used (linear, quadratic, cubic, etc.) in representing the given
problem.
3. Write the function that describes the problem.
4. Use the function to solve the problem.
5. Check the answer
Example 4. The velocity V ( in m/s) of all ball thrown upward t seconds after the ball was thrown
is given by V(t) = 20 – 9.8t. Calculate V(90) and V(1), and explain what these results mean.
Solution. V(0) = 20 – 9.8(0) = 20 and V(1) = 20 – 9.8(1) = 10.2. These results indicate that the
initial velocity of the ball is 20 m/s. After 1 second, the ball is travelling more slowly, at 10.2 m/s.
Example 5. Suppose that s(T) is the top speed (in km per hour) of a runner when the
temperature is T degrees Celsius. Explain what the statements s(15) = 12 and s(30) = 10 mean.

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Solution. The first equation means that when the temperature is 15°C, then the top speed of a
runner is 12 km per hour. However, when temperature rises to 30°C, the top speed is reduced
to 10 km per hour.
Solve Examples
1. Evaluate the following functions at x = 3.

(a) f(x) = x – 3
(b) g(x) = x² - 3x + 5
3
(c) h(x) = √ x ³+ x+ 3
x ²+1
(d) p(x) =
x −4
(e) f(x) = |x−5| where |x−5| means the absolute value of x – 5.
2. Evaluate f(a + b) where f(x) = 4x² - 3x.
LESSON 2. EXERCISES
1. Evaluate the following functions at x = - 4.

a. f(x) = x³ - 64
b. g(x) = |x ³−3 x ²+3 x−1|
c. r(x) = √ 5−x
x+ 3
d. q(x) =
x ²+7 x +12
2. Given f(x) = x² - 4x + 4.
a. f(3)
b. f(x+3)
is f(x + 3) the same as f(x) + f(3)?
3. A computer shop charges P20.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour) for the first two
hours and an additional P10.00 per hour for each succeeding hour. Find how much you
would pay if you used one of their computers for:
a. 40 minutes
b. 3 hours
c. 150 minutes
4. Answer each of the following.
s ² √3
a. The function A described by A(s) = gives the area of an equilateral triangle with
4
side s.
a.1 Find the area when a side measures 8 inches.
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a.2 Find the area when a side measures 16 cm.
WEEK 3. LESSONS
Desires Learning Outcomes

1. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
2. Solve problems involving functions.
____________________________________________________________________________
Addition and Subtraction:
a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.

b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fraction.
1
∧2
Example 1. Find the sum of 3
.
5
Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is 15.
1 2 5 6 5+6 11
+ = + = =
3 5 15 15 15 15
1
∧2
Example 2. Find the sum of x−3
.
x−5
Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is (x – 3)(x – 5) or x² - 8x + 15.

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1 2 x−5 2(x−3) x −5+2 x −6 3 x−11

x−3
+ = + = =
x−5 x ²−8 x+15 x ²−8 x +15 x ²−8 x+ 15 x ²−8 x+15
Multiplication:
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factors.

b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1” (this is often
called “cancelling”).
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator.
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new denominator.
10
∧15
Example 3. Find the product of 21 Use cancellation of factors when convenient.
.
8
Solution. Express the numerators and denominators of the two fractions into their prime
factors. Multiply and cancel out common factors in the numerator and the denominator to
reduce the final answer to lowest terms.
10 15 2 ·5 3 · 5 2· 5 ·3 · 5 25
· = · = =
21 8 3 ·7 2 ·2 · 2 3 ·7 · 2 ·2 · 2 28
Example 4. Express the numerators and denominators of the two rational expressions into their
prime factors. Multiply and cancel out common factors in the numerators and the denominators
to reduce the final answer to lowest terms. Note the similarity in the process between this
example and the previous one on fractions.
x ²−4 x −5 x ²−5 x +6 ( x +1 ) (x−5) ( x −2 ) ( x−3)

· = ·
x ²−3 x +2 x ²−3 x−10 ( x−2 ) ( x −1) ( x−5 )( x +2 )
( x +1 ) (x−5) ( x−2 ) ( x−3)

¿
( x−2 ) (x −1) ( x−5 ) ( x+2 )

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( x +1 ) ( x−3)
¿
( x−1 ) ( x+ 2)
x ²−2 x −3
¿
x ²+ x −2
Division: To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the
reciprocal of the divisor.
2 x ²+ x−6 x ²−2 x−8

Example 5. Divide by .
2 x ²+7 x +5 2 x ²−3 x−20
2 x 2+ x −6 x 2−2 x−8 2 x 2+ x −6 2 x2 −3 x −20

÷ = ·
2 x 2 +7 x+5 2 x 2−3 x−20 2 x 2 +7 x+5 x 2−2 x −8
(2 x – 3)( x +1) ( x−4 ) (2 x +5)

= (2 x+5)( x +1) ·
( x +2 ) (x−4)
( 2 x−3 )( x +2 ) ( x −4 ) (2 x +5)
= ( 2 x +5 ) ( x+ 1 )( x +2 ) ( x−4)
2 x−3
=
x+1
Definition. Let f and g be functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function denoted by (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x).

2. Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the function denoted by (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x).
3. Their product, denoted by (f · g) (x) = f(x) · g(x).
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function denoted by (f/g) (x) = f(x) / g(x), excluding
the values of x where g(x) = 0.
Use the following functions below for Example 6.
 f(x) = x + 3
 p(x) = 2x – 7
 v(x) = x² + 5x + 4
 g(x) = x² + 2x – 8
x+7
 h(x) =
2−x
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x−2
 t(x) =
x+3
Example 6. Determine the following functions.
a. (v + g) (x)
b. (f * p) (x)
c. (f + h) (x)
d. (p – f) (x)
e. (v/g) (x)
Solution.
(a) (v + g) (x) = ( x 2+ 5 x + 4) + ( x 2+ 2 x−8)

= x 2+ 5 x + 4+ x 2 +2 x−8
= 2 x2 +7 x−4
(b) (f * p) (x) = ( x +3 ) ( 2 x−7 )=2 x2 −x−21
x +7 ( x+ 3 )∗2−x x+7 ( x +3 ) ( 2−x ) ( x+7 )
(c) ( f + h ) ( x ) =( x+3 )+= + =
2−x 2−x 2−x 2−x
6−x −x ²+ x +7 13−x ² x ²−13
= = =
2−x 2−x x−2
(d) (p – f)(x) = (2x -7) – (x+3) = 2x- 7 – x – 3 = x- 10
v x 2 +5 x+ 4
(e)
g()
( x ) =(x 2
+5 x+ 4) 2
÷ ( x + 2 x−8) = 2
x +2 x−8
Example 7. Let (x) = x²−5∧g ( x )=5 x +4 , find :
a. (f + g)(x) b. (f + g)(3) c. (f – g)(5) d. (f – g)(5)
Solution.
a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) +g(x) c. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

=( x²−5 ¿+(5 x + 4) = (x² - 5) – (5x + 4)
= x²+5 x−1 = x² - 5 – 5x - 4
= x² - 5x - 9
b. (f + g)(x) = x²+5 x−1 d. (f - g) (x) = x² - 5x - 9
(f + g)(3) = (3)² + 5(3) – 1 (f - g) (5) = (5)² - 5(5) - 9
= 9 + 15 – 1 = 25 – 25 - 9
= 23 =-9
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Definition. Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by (f ○ g) is defined by

(f ○ g) (x) = f( g (x)). The process of obtaining a composite function is called function
composition.
Example 8. Given f(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x²+ 4. find :
a. (f ○ g) (x) b. (g ○ f) (x)
Solution.
a. Because (f ○ g) (x) means f(g(x)), we must replace each occurrence of x in the function f
by g(x).
f(x) = 4x – 5 Given equation for f.
(f ○ g) (x) = f(g(x)) = 4(g(x)) - 5 Replace x by g(x).
= 4 (x² + 4) – 5 Replace g(x) by x² + 4.
= 4x² + 16 – 5 Apply Distribution Law.
= 4x² + 11 Combine like terms.
b. (g ○ f) (x) means g(f(x)). Hence, we must replace each occurrence of x in the function g
by f(x).
g(x) = x² + 4 Given equation for g.
(g ○ f) (x) = g(f(x)) = (f(x))² + 4 Replace x by f(x).
= (4x – 5)² + 4 Replace f(x) by 4x – 5.
=16x² - 40x + 25 + 4 Square the binomial.
= 16x² - 40x + 29 Simplify.
Thus, (g ○ f) (x) = 16x² - 40x + 29. Notice that (f ○ g) (x) is not the same as g(f(x)).
There are cases when you need to use the output from one function as the input to another in
order that two functional processes are applied in succession.
Example 9. The function K(C) = C + 273.15 converts from degrees Celsius into Kelvin.
Complete the table below using this formula.
K = C +273.15
x = Degrees Celsius (input) - 20 0 35 100
K(x) = Kelvin(output)
Y = x + 273.15
Solution. Using the function K© = C + 273.15, we have
x = Degrees Celsius (input) - 20 0 35 100

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K(x) = Kelvin(output) 253.15 273.1 308.15 373.15

5
Example 10. What is the number of males in Barangay 127 t years since 2000 when f(t)
represents the number of females in Barangay 127 t years since 2000 and g(t) represents the
number of people in Barangay 127 t years since 2000?
Solution.
g(t) – f(t), the number of people in Barangay 127 minus the number of females in
Barangay 127 is equal to the number of males in Barangay 127.
Solved Examples
1. Let f ( x )=3 x 2−2 x−1 , g ( x )=x 2−1 ,∧h ( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x ) . Find :

a. (f – g)(x)
b. f( - 1) * g(2) * h(0)
g(x)
c.
f ( x)
d. h( x – 1)
e. f(3) + g(2)
2. A spherical balloon is being inflated. Let r(t) = 3t cm represents its radius at time t
4
seconds, and let g(r) = π r ³ be the volume of the same balloon if its radius is r. write (g
3
○ r) in terms of t, and describe what it represents.
LESSON 3. EXERCISES
I. Determine whether or not each statement is True or False. Explain your answer.
1. If f(x) = x – 3 and g(x) = x + 4, then (f- g)(x) = - 7.
2. If f(x) = x + 6 and g(x) = 3x, then ( fg ) ( 3 )=1.

3. If f(x) = 4x- 12 and g(x) = x – 3, then (f + g)(2) = - 5.
4. If f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) = 4x, then (f * g)(2) = 40.
5. If f(x) = 3x + 2 and g(x) = 4x – 1, then (f – g) ( - 3) = 6
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6. The functions (f ○ g) and f * g are always the same.

7. If f(x) = √ x∧g ( x ) =x−4 ,then g ( f ( x ) )=f ( g ( x ) ) for every x .
II. Find f + g, f – g, f * g, and f/g. determine the domain of each function.
1. f(x) = 3x + 4, g(x) = 2x – 1
2. f(x) = x – 1, g(x) = 2x² + x – 3
x−1 1
3. f(x) = , g (x )=
x 2
x
4. f(x) = √ x+ 3 , g ( x )=√ x−1
III. Find (f ○ g)(x), (g ○ f) (x), and (f ○ g)(3).
1. f(x) = 2x, g(x) = x + 5.
2. f(x)= 2x + 1, g(x) = 3x – 2
3. f(x) = √ x , g ( x )=x−2
IV. The number of words in a child’s vocabulary is a function of the child’s age. The
formula for the size of vocabularies of typical children between the ages of 20
months and 50 months is given by n = 60a – 900 where a represents the child’s age
in months and n represents the number of words that the child uses correctly.
1. Complete the table on the right using the given formula.
2. How many words a 20 25 30 35 40 50
does a typical 25 –
month – old child b
know?
3. How many words does a typical 50 – month – old child
know?
4. How many new words does a typical child learn each
month from age 20 months to the age of 50 months?
5. Will the formula work for a 10 – month – old child? Explain.
6. Make a research on the first few words that a child utters.
WEEK 4. LESSONS
Desires Learning Outcomes

1. Distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequalities.
2. Represents real – life situations using rational functions.
3. Solve rational equations and inequalities.
____________________________________________________________________________

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A
Definition: A rational expression can be written in the form where A and B are polynomials
B
and B≠ 0. It is also called algebraic fractions.
Example 1. The following are rational expressions:
7 x ²−x−6 x ²+7 x +10

, and
ab x+2 x +5
The following are not rational expressions:
5+ √ x x 1/ 2+2 ,∧x 3/ 2+ 4
,
x x+ 2 x−1
Definition: A rational equation is an equation that contains one or more rational expressions.
The following are rational equations:
1 1 4 ,∧x ² 1
= , x + =−5 =
x 5−x x x +1 x +1
To solve rational equations;
1. Eliminate the rational expressions in the equation by multiplying both sides of the
equation by the LCD.
2. Solve the equation.
3. Check your solution.
Example 1. Solve for x.
x 1 x 1 3 1
a. + = b. = −
5 4 2 4 x 2
Solution.
a. The LCD of the denominators is 20.
x 1 x
20 ( + ¿ = 20 ( ¿ Multiply both sides by the LCD, 20.
5 4 2
4x + 5 = 10x Apply the Distributive Property and then simplify.
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June 15, 2020 19 of 26
5 = 6x Subtract 4x from both sides.

5
=x Divide both sides by 6
6
b. The LCD of the denominators is 4x.

1 3 1
4x ( ¿=4 x ( − ) Multiply both sides by the LCD, 4x.
4 x 2
x = 12 – 2x Apply the Distributive Property and then simplify.
3x = 12 Add 2x to both sides.
x=4 Divide both sides by 3.
y +3 4
Example 2. Solve =
y−1 y−1
Solution.
To clear the equation of fractions, multiply both sides by the LCD which is y – 1.
y +3 4
=
y−1 y−1
y+ 3 4
( y−1 ) =( y−1) Multiply both sides by -1.
y−1 y−1
y +3=4 Simplify.
y=1 Subtract 3 from both sides.
Example 3. Find the two consecutive integers such that the sum of one – third of the first and
one – fourth of the second is 9.
Solution.
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Let n = the first integer

n+ 1 = the second integer
1 1
Equation: ( n) + (n+1) = 9
3 4
one – third of the one – fourth of the is 9

first integer second integer
The LCD is 12.
1 1
12
3 [ ]
( n ) + (n+1) = 12(9)
4
Multiply both sides by the LCD 12.
4 n+3 n+3=108 Apply the Distributive Property.

7n + 3 = 108 Combine like terms.
7n = 105 Subtract 3 from both sides.
n = 15 Divide both sides by 7. (First Integer)
n + 1 = 16 (Second Integer)
The integers are 15 and 16.
Example 4. An express train travels 150 km in the same time that a freight train travels 100 km.
if the the express train goes 20 km per hour faster than the freight train, find the rate of each
train.
Solution.
Let r-= the rate of the freight train, and

r + 20 = the rate of the express train.
We first construct the table.
d r t
Freight Train 100 r 100/r
150
Express Train 150 R + 20
r +20

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General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 21 of 26
Equation:
The fact that travel time is the same leads to the equation
100 150
=
r r + 20
The equation is proportion; hence, we cross multiply.
100 ( r + 20) = 150(r)

100r + 2000 = 150r
-50r = -2 000
r = 40
r + 20 = 60
Therefore, the freight train’s rate is 40kph and the express train’s rate is 60 kph
Definition: A rational Inequality is composed of rational expressions combined with a ≤, ≥, <, or

> sign.
Some examples of rational inequalities are
1 x+ 2 1 2 ,∧5
≤7 , ≤0, + >1 ≥ 0.
x x−3 2 x ²−1 x ²−4 x−5
To solve Rational Inequality;
1. Write the inequality with a single rational expression on the left – hand side of the
inequality and zero on the right – hand of the inequality.
2. Determine the meaningful numbers by setting the numerator equal to zero and setting
the denominator equal to zero.
3. Use the meaningful numbers to separate the number line into intervals.
4. Test for the meaningful numbers if they make the inequality true or false. If true, then
they are part of the solution. if false, then they are not part of the solution.
 Get the values in each interval and substitute these into the inequality.
 If the test value makes the inequality true, then the entire interval is a solution to
the inequality.
 If the test value makes the inequality false, then the entire u=interval is not a
solution to the inequality.
5. Express the answer in interval notation.

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June 15, 2020 22 of 26
x+ 2
Example 5. Solve: ≤0
x−3
Solution.
Step 1. Already done. x+ 2

≤0
x−3
Step2. Get the meaningful numbers. Set Numerators: x+2=0
both the numerator and the denominator −2+2 0
equal to zero. Then, solve. Test the Test – 2: = =0 ≤0 True. Thus, - 2 is a
2−3 −5
meaningful numbers. solution.
Denominator: x – 3 = 0
X=3
3+3 6
Test 3: = =undefined False .Thus, 3 is a solution.
3−3 0
Step 3. Separate the number line into A B C
intervals using the numbers found in Step 2.
-2 3
Step 4. Get test values for A, B, and C. For A, test – 3:
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
−3+2
−3−3 ¿ 0
¿
1
False
6
Thus, interval A is not a solution.

For B, test 1:
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
1+2
0
1−2
−3 False
Thus, interval B is a solution.
For C, Test 4:

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June 15, 2020 23 of 26
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
4 +2
0
4−1
2 False
Thus, interval C is not a solution.
Step 5. Answer in interval relation. { - 2} ⋃ (- 2 , 3) = [- 2, 3)
Warning! Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a number requires that the sign (positive or
negative) of the number is known. Since the sign of a variable is unknown, it is not valid to multiply
both sides of an inequality by a variable.
2x
Example 6. Solve the inequality ≥1.
x+1
Solution.
a. Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression.

2x
−1 ≥ 0
x+1
2 x−(x+ 1)
≥0
x +1
x−1
≥0
x+ 1
b. The rational expression will be zero for x = 1 and undefined for x = - 1. The value x = 1 is
included while x = -1 is not. Mark these on the number line. Use a shaded circle for x = 1
( a solution) and an unshaded circle for x = -1 ( not a solution).
-1 1
c. Chose convenient test points in the intervals determined by – 1 and 1 to determine the
x−1
sign of in these intervals. Construct a table of signs as shown below.
x+ 1
Interval x < -1 - 1<x<1 x >1

Test Point x=-2 x= 0 x=2
x–1 - - +
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General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 24 of 26
x+1 - + +
x−1
+ - +
x+ 1
d. Since we are looking for the intervals where the rational expression is positive or xero, we
determine the solution to be the set {x ∈ ℝ Ix < -1 or x ≥ 1}. Plot this set on the number
line.
-1 0 1
Getting Ready
Entry Card
True False
1. Every term of a polynomial function is a constant, a
variable, or a product of constants and variables.
2. The domain of the function f(x = 1/x is the set of real

numbers.
3. The graph of a rational function is a parabola.

4. A rational function is formed by dividing one polynomial
function by another polynomial function.
Definition: A polynomial function p of degree n is a function that can be written in the form
p ( x ) =an x n+ an−1 x n−1 +a n−2 x n−2 + … + a 1 x +a 0
wherea 0 , a1 , … , an ∈ R , an ≠ 0 , and n is a positive integer. Each addend of the sum is a term of

the polynomial function. The constant a 0 , a1 , … , anare the coefficients. The leading coefficient
a n .The leading term is a n x n ,∧the constant term is a0 .
p (x)
Definition: A rational function is a function of the form f(x) = where p(x) and q(x) are
q(x)
polynomial functions and q(x) is not the zero function (i.e., q(x) ≡ 0). The domain of f(x) is the
set of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.
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General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 25 of 26
Example 7. An object is to travel a distance of 10 meters. Express velocity v as a function of

travel t, in seconds.
Solution. The following table of values show v for various values of t.
t (seconds) 1 2 4 5 10
v( meters per second) 10 5 2.5 2 1
10
The function v(t) = can represent v as a function of t.
t
Example 8. In an organ pipe, the frequency f of vibration of air is inversely proportional to the
length L of the pipe. Suppose that the frequency of vibration in a 10 – foot pipe is 54 vibrations
per second. Express f as a function of L.
Solution.
k
Since f is inversely proportional to L, then f = ,where k is the constant of proportionality.
L
k
If L = 10 then f = 54. Thus, 54 = ⇒ k = 540. Thus, the function f(L) =
10
540
represents f as a function of L.
L
Solved Examples
I. Identify which of the following are rational functions.

2+ x 7
1. g ( x )= 4. i ( x )=
x −1 x +4
x+ 2 4
2. h ( x )= √ 5. p(x )=
x ²−4 x +9 x ³
x+3
3. f(x) = 6 – −5
x²
.
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General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 26 of 26
II. The distance from Manila to Baguio is around 250 kilometers.

a. How long will it take you to get Baguio if your average speed is 25 kilometers per
hour? 40 kilometers per hour? 50 kilometers per hour?
b. Construct a function (s), where s is the speed of travel that describes the time it
takes to drive from Manila to Baguio.
III. Solve each equation and check the solution.
y 2 1
c. − =
9 5 3
x x
d. =15+
5 3
a+2 a−1
e. =
3 4
IV. Solve each inequality.
1
f. >2
x
x−9
g. ≤3
3 x +2
V. The normal weight (w) in pounds of a male between 60 and 70 inches tall is related
11
to his height (h) in inches and is represented by w = h - 220. If a boy weighs 145
2
pounds, how tall is he?
LESSON 4. EXERCISES
I. Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational equation, a rational

inequality or none of these.
2+ x 7
4. =8 4. 2x ≥
x−1 x+ 4
x 4
5. x>√ x+ 2 5. =
2 x+ 9 x ³
x+3
6. f(x) = 6 – −5
x²
II. Fill in the blanks to make each statement true.
1. If the product of two numbers is 1, the numbers are called
__________________.
1 4
2. To clear the equation + =6 of fractions, we multiply both sides by ______.
a b
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General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 27 of 26
3. To clear an equation of fractions, we multiply both sides of the equation by the

_______of the fractions.
a a
4. To clear the equation − =5 of fractions, we multiply both sides by
a−3 a−2
_____.
5. ________ is an apparent solution that does not solve its equation.
III. Solve each equation and check the solution.
4
1. 6+ =−5
x
3 4 10
2. = −
x 3x 3
6 3 a+2
3. =
5 2 a+3
6 1 1
4. − =
x ²−4 x +3 x−3 4 x−4
IV. Solve each inequality.
2 x−5
1. −3< 0
x−5
1
2. <4
x
x+12
3. ≥2
x+2
V. Solve each problem.
1. The number of diagonals (d) of a polygon of n sides is given by d = n/2 (n – 3).
How many sides does a polygon with 77 diagonals have?
2. Mike can repaint a dog house three times faster than Miguel. If they work
together, it will take them 4 days to complete the job. How long it take for Mike to
do the repainting alone?
3. Two planes leaved at the same time. One flies west at 300 km per hour. The
other flies east at 450 km per hour. In how many hours will they be 2 250
kilometers apart?
REFERENCES
Oronce, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics

May 21, 2020
General Mathematics
June 15, 2020 28 of 26
Barcelona, Belecina, and Villanueva.2016. Conceptual math & Beyond:General Mathematics
Banigon, Camilon, and Manalo. 2016. General Mathematics for Senior High School
https://www.academia.edu/36815004/General_Mathematics_Learners_Material_Department_of
_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines

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Lesson Plan in General Mathematics

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Lesson Plan in General Mathematics

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GOLDENSTATE COLLEGE Issue No. Rev No. Reference No.

General Santos City 01 00 RF-ACA-SHS12-001-20

Desired Learning Outcomes

1. Define functions and relations.

Directions: Determine the input and output of the given machine.

Input Machine Output

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x , y).

{(I,4), (L,5), (O,6), (V,8), (E,3), (M,6), (A,2), (T,8), (H,4)}

SHS - General Mathematics

{(I,4), (L,5), (O,6), (V,8), (E,3), (M,6), (A,2), (T,8), (H,4)}

This relation is a function, since each element in the domain {I, L , O, V, E, M, A, T, H} is

Example 3. Which of the following relations are functions?

Example 4. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

The Vertical Line Test

Example 5. Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

a.) b.) c.)

SHS - General Mathematics

Solution. The domains for the relations are as follows.

a.) {x : x ∈ ℝ} b.) {x : x ∈ ℝ} c.) {x : x ∈ ℝ, x ≥ -1} d.) {x : x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 1}

Functions as representations of real – life situations.

SHS - General Mathematics

300 , if 0< m≤100

1. Is the relation {(0,0), (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), . . . (n,n²), …} a function?

3. Give the domain of y= √2−x using set builder notation.

SHS - General Mathematics

III. 2004 P4 000 000

IV. Answer each of the following.

Desired Learning Outcomes

Example 1. Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5:

Solution. Substituting 1.5 for x in the functions above, we have

(a) g(1.5) = 2(1.5) + 1 = 4

(b) q(1.5) = (1.5)² - 2(1.5) + 2 = 2.25 – 3 + 2 = 1.25

(a) f(3x – 1) (b) q (2x + 3)

(a) f(3x – 1) = 2 ( 3x – 1) + 1 (b) q (2x + 3) = (2x + 3)² + 2(2x + 3) + 2

=6x – 2 + 1 = (4x² + 12x + 9) – 4x -6 +2

The following steps will be helpful in solving problems involving function.

1. Read and comprehend the problem carefully.

SHS - General Mathematics

1. Evaluate the following functions at x = 3.

1. Evaluate the following functions at x = - 4.

a.2 Find the area when a side measures 16 cm.

Desires Learning Outcomes

Addition and Subtraction:

a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.

Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is 15.

Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is (x – 3)(x – 5) or x² - 8x + 15.

SHS - General Mathematics

1 2 x−5 2(x−3) x −5+2 x −6 3 x−11

a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factors.

x ²−4 x −5 x ²−5 x +6 ( x +1 ) (x−5) ( x −2 ) ( x−3)

( x +1 ) (x−5) ( x−2 ) ( x−3)

SHS - General Mathematics

2 x ²+ x−6 x ²−2 x−8

2 x 2+ x −6 x 2−2 x−8 2 x 2+ x −6 2 x2 −3 x −20

(2 x – 3)( x +1) ( x−4 ) (2 x +5)

Definition. Let f and g be functions.

1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function denoted by (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x).

Use the following functions below for Example 6.

Example 6. Determine the following functions.

(a) (v + g) (x) = ( x 2+ 5 x + 4) + ( x 2+ 2 x−8)

Example 7. Let (x) = x²−5∧g ( x )=5 x +4 , find :

a. (f + g)(x) b. (f + g)(3) c. (f – g)(5) d. (f – g)(5)

a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) +g(x) c. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

Definition. Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by (f ○ g) is defined by