Introduction

 Kinematics is the research regarding the types of movement of an object without referring to
the forces that cause the movement of the object.
 Movement along a straight line is called linear movement.

Distance and Displacement

Distance Displacement

The distance traveled by an object is Displacement of an object from a point of reference, O is

Definition the total length that is traveled by that the shortest distance of the object from point O in a specific
object. direction.

SI unit meter (m) meter (m)

Quantity Scalar Vector

Example 1

Distance
In the diagram above, the distance of point B from the origin O is 100m. The
distance of point A from the origin O is also 100m. Distance is a scalar quantity.
Therefore we don't need to tell the direction of point A and B from the reference
point, O.

Displacement
In the diagram above, the displacement of point B from the origin O is +100m, whereas the
displacement of point A from the origin O is -100m. The + and – sign show the direction of the
displacement. Displacement is a vector quantity. Therefore we need to tell the direction of point A and
B from O.

Example 2

Adli go to work by motorcycle everyday as shown in the diagram above. The

distance traveled by an object is the total length that is traveled by that object. The
distance that Adli travels from his house to the factory is 200m.
Displacement of an object from a point of reference, O is the shortest distance of
the object from point O in a specific direction. The displacement of Adli from his
house after arriving at the factory is 120m.

Speed and Velocity

Speed

 Speed is the rate of change in distance. In other words, it is how fast the distance change in 1
unit of time.
 In mathematics, displacement can be calculated from the following formula:

 Unit: ms-1
 Type of quantity: Scalar quantity

Velocity

 Velocity is the rate of change in displacement. It is how fast the displacement change in 1 unit
of time.
 Formula:

 Unit: ms-1

 Type of quantity: Vector quantity

Acceleration
Acceleration

 Acceleration is the rate of velocity change. .Acceleration is a vector quantity

 Formula:

 Unit: ms-2
 Type of quantity: Vector quantity

 An object moves with a constant velocity if the magnitude and direction of the motion is
always constant.
 An object experiences changes in velocity if
 the magnitude of velocity changes
 the direction of the motion changes.
 An object that experiences changes in velocity is said to have acceleration.
 An object traveling with a constant acceleration, a, if the velocity changes at a constant rate.

Equaitons for Uniform Acceleration

The above equation is for solving numerical problems involving uniform acceleration.

Summary of the Equation

 Negative acceleration not necessary mean deceleration!
Sometime, it mean the object moving in the opposite
direction.

Definition

Distance

Distance is defined as the total path traveled by an

object from one point to the other.

Displacement
Displacement is defined as the shortest distance
between two point in a specific direction.

Speed
Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance.

Velocity
Velocity is defined as the rate of change of
displacement.

Acceleration
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of
velocity.

Deceleration
Deceleration is the rate of decrease of velocity or
how fast a velocity of a moving object decreases.