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Z-transform is used to convert the discrete time signal into a complex frequency domain.
The z-transform for a discrete time signal x(n) is:
X z x n z
n
n
(a)
u n z
n
n
0
z
n
n
zn
n 0
X z 1 z z2
X z
Since is a sum of geometric progression therefore;
1
X z z 1
1 z
1
X z
Hence, the z-transform of discrete-time signal is 1 z and region of convergence
z 1
is .
(b)
a u n z
n
n n
0
a
n
n n
z
a 1 z
n
n0
X z 1 a 1 z a 1 z
2
X z
Since is a sum of geometric progression therefore;
1
X z z a 1
1 a 1 z
1 1
X z z
z a
1
a
1
X z
z
1
Hence, the z-transform of discrete-time signal is a and region of
1
z
a
convergence is .
(c)
x n
The bilateral z-transform of is:
X z 0.5 u n 0.3 u n z
n n n
n
0.5 u n z 0.3 u n z n
n n n
n
X z 0.5 u n z n 0.3 u n z n
n n
n
0
0.5
n
zn
n
0.51 z
n
n 0
X 1 z 1 0.51 z 0.51 z
2
X1 z
Since is a sum of geometric progression therefore;
1
X1 z z 0.5
1
1
1 0.5 z
1
X1 z z 2
1 2z
Similarly,
X2 z 0.3 u n z
n n
n
0.3 z n
n
n0
0.3z 1
n
n0
X 2 z 1 0.3 z 1 0.3 z 1
2
X z
Since is a sum of geometric progression therefore;
1
X2 z z 0.3
1 0.3z 1
z
X2 z z 0.3
z 0.3
Therefore the z-transform of discrete time signal is:
z 1 1
X z , 0.3 z
z 0.3 1 2 z 2
2 z 2 z 0.3
2
1
X z 2 , 0.3 z
2 z 1.6 z 0.3 2
2 z 2 2 z 0.3
X z
Hence, the z-transform of discrete-time signal is 2 z 2 1.6 z 0.3 and region of
1
0.3 z
convergence is 2 .
(d)
8
Discrete time signal can be expressed as:
j 2 n j 2 n
e 8
e 8
x n 1.5 u n
n
2
j 2 n
1 2
1.5 u n
n
e 8
j 2
, z
2 3
1 e z 8
3
j 2 n
n 1 2
1.5 e 8
u n j 2
, z
2 8 3
1 e z
3
x n
The bilateral z-transform of is:
2 n
1.5 cos
1 1 1
n
u n j 2
8 2 2 j 28 2 8
1 e z 1 e z
3 3
0.3143 z 1.414 2
X z 2 , z
z 0.9427 z 0.444 3
0.3143 z 1.414
X z
Hence, the z-transform of discrete-time signal is z 2 0.9427 z 0.444 and
2
z
region of convergence is 3 .