Ministry of Higher Education College of Electronics Engineering

& Scientific Research Department of

Ninevah University Systems and control Engineering

Report about pneumatic systems

Submitted by student : Hatm Talal Ali

In Digital Communication

3rd Class

Mr. Mohammed Almaged

2019-2020
Introduction

In manufacturing facilities, compressed air is so widely used that it is often

regarded as the fourth utility after electricity, natural gas and water. But compared
to electricity, compressed air is more expensive, the main reasons are lower
upfront and maintenance costs, which combine to make pneumatics the most
popular and cost-effective choice for executing mechanical motion. While there are
some, especially electric actuator vendors, who claim electric motion is better due
to its superior energy efficiency, it’s hard to beat the simplicity and reliability of
pneumatics

Operation of a compressor may have additional costs compared to electric, but the
availability of clean dry air in a facility is common. And pneumatic components
often have the lowest maintenance costs, such as when replacing seals, or a whole
cylinder for that matter, which is often much cheaper than servicing, let alone
replacing, an electric actuator.

Noise is becoming less of a concern with fluid power devices. Designs have
improved over the years, greatly reducing clatter to about the same level as a
stepper-driven electric actuator. New improvements in designs and efficiency of
compressors, and the standard use and distribution of clean dry air in a
manufacturing facility, also make pneumatics a good choice for industrial
automated machinery.
 double acting cylinder has both an A and a B
Port.
This means oil enters the cylinder via the A port,
which pushes the piston down. When the control
calls for the piston to retract, oil is diverted to the
B port, which then pushes the piston up.
single acting cylinder has an A port for running
the piston down by pressure from the pump but is
retracted with an internal spring.

Directional control valves The 3/2-way pneumatic valve has three connection ports and two
states. The three ports are:

 inlet (P, 1),

 outlet (A, 2)

 exhaust (R, 3)

The two states of the valve are open and closed. When the valve is open, air flows from the inlet
(P, 1) to the outlet (A, 2). When the valve is closed, air flows from the outlet (A, 2) to the
exhaust (R, 3). A valve that is closed in non-actuated state is normally closed (N.C.), the
opposite is called normally open (N.O.)

A throttling valve is any device that reduces, increases, starts, or stops flow of a fluid. (in the
case of a carburetor, air is considered a fluid)

A pneumatic silencer is used to vent pressurized air to the atmosphere. They are commonly
installed on pneumatic 5/2-way solenoid valves, pneumatic cylinders, or fittings.

A two pressure valve requires two pressurised inputs to allow an output from itself. one active
input slides the shuttle valve shut blocking any air flow, add two active inputs and the shuttle
remains centralised allowing flow through the valve.
The Electro Pneumatic circuit components

Pushbutton
Relay
Make switch
Valve solenoid
Electrical connection 24 V
Electrical connection 0V
Single actin cylinder
3/n way valve
Compressed air supply
When I press the pushbutton the current flew to relay When relay get energized the
point 2 is connected with point 3 and the switch k1 is closed and anther switch k1 is
so closed at final Y1 will get energized

When the Y1 get energized the Y1 in the 3/n way valve will move to another
direction and the current will flaw from 1 to 2 in way valve into single acting cylinder
and the cylinder move forward to point A1 and didn’t back to the point A0

when I used normal close switch before relay the cylinder will backing to point A0
automatically .
circuit components

Valve solenoid
Pushbutton
Relay with switch-off delay Electrical connection 24 V

Brake switch A1 Electrical connection 0V

Make switch A0 & k1 Single actin cylinder

Detent switch 3/n way valve

Compressed air supply

In these circuit without detent switch the switch A0 is normal on contact and the
cylinder in the position A0 so the switch A0 is on and A1 is normal close contact

The cylinder will be stay in position A0 when I press the pushbutton the current
will arrive to the relay and the Y1 is will energized and the cylinder will be in the
position A1 only 5 sec and after 5 sec cylinder back to position A0

With adding the detent switch into this circuit that shown above the cylinder will
be back to position A0 after 5 sec and repetition this process every 5 sec.
circuit components

Pushbutton Valve solenoid

Relay Electrical connection 24 V

Brake switch Electrical connection 0V

Make switch Double actin cylinder

Detent switch 5/n way valve

Compressed air supply

First relay K1 is energized and valve solenoid y1&y3 is will be active so the one of
cylinder will be in position A1 and another will be in position B1

Second relay k2 in energized and relay k1 discharge and valve solenoid y2&y4 is
will be active so one of cylinder will be in position A0 and another will be in
position B0
 The simulation of the press fitting

1- Cylinder A will be in position A1 To stop material coming from the

conveyor belt
2- Cylinder A will be stay in position A1 and the cylinder B will be in position
B1 to compress the material
3- The both cylinder A & B will be in position A0 & B0 so the cylinder C will
be in position C1 to push the material to the conveyor belt
The proposed design for the press fitting