Computing Total Hydrocarbon

Pore volume

Total volume of oil in

place:
H = initial oil in place
φ = effective porosity
H = φ.(1−Sw).h.Α Sw = initial water saturation
h= productive interval
A = drainage area

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 Log porosity v. Core porosity
Density Neutron Sonic
50 0 50 0 50 0

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 Density Neutron Sonic Resistivity

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 Porosity from
Density and
Core data
50 pu 0

0.27 0.27

Quick method to estimate

porosity from logs:
Average density/neutron curves,
and read porosity off neutron
scale
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 Total Hydrocarbon Pore volume

Compute total volume

of oil in place:
H = initial oil in place
φ = effective porosity
H = φ.(1−Sw).h.Α Sw = initial water saturation
h= productive interval
A = drainage area

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 Water saturation - Sw
Sw = 10%
= 0.1

Sw = 60%
= 0.6

Hydrocarbon Sw = 100%
Water Rock
=1

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 Computing saturation from Saturation Equation

Rw
S w
= 2
φ Rt
Simplified ‘Archie’
Saturation Equation

Rw = formation water resistivity

Rt = formation resistivity
Φ = porosity

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 Rt = 20 Porosity = 27%

Rw (formation water resistivity known to be 0.05

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 Computing saturation

Rw
S w
= 2
φ Rt Simplified Archie relation

Rw = formation water resistivity

Rt = formation resistivity
.05
S w
=
.27 * .27 * 20
Φ = porosity

= 0.18 or 18 %

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 Net Pay, Hydrocarbon Pore volume

Compute total volume of oil in place:

H = initial oil in place

φ = effective porosity
H = φ.(1−Sw).h.Α Sw = initial water saturation
h= productive interval
A = drainage area

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 Net Pay, Hydrocarbon Pore volume
Porosity Shale volume Sw
NET SAND
NET PAY

0 20 0 100 0 1

10 40 0.5

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 Gamma Ray < 75 Porosity > 9

Add together net pay

footage to get ‘h’

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 Net Pay, Hydrocarbon Pore volume

Compute total volume of oil in place:

Flowing Hydrocarbon Area (from Seismic)

interval
H = initial oil in place
H = φ.(1−Sw).h.Α φ = effective porosity
Sw = initial water saturation
h= productive interval
A = drainage area
Porosity and
Porosity tools
Resistivity tools
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 Clastic lithology
Density NMR total
GR Resistivity Pef Neutron porosity &
1.95 2.95 free fluid
0 150 .2 .200 0 6 .45 -.15 .4 0

Shale

Organic
Shale

Shale

Clean
Gas
sand

Clean
Oil
sand

Clean
Water
sand
Lower
porosity
water sand
Typical log responses in clastic reservoirs
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 Identify potential reservoir from logs
The following are indications of reservoir, but are not definitive!

• Low GR

• Density/Neutron curves lying close to each other (assuming

compatible scale) indicating limestone/sandstone lithology

• Separation on resistivity curves indicating invasion.

• Hole size less than bit size indicating mudcake

• Free fluid on NMR log

• High resistivity in zones where porosity is high

• Ability to withdraw fluid using formation tester

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 Clastic and carbonate lithology
Density
GR Neutron
PEF Sonic
1.95 2.95
0 150 .45 -.15 0 10 140 40

Salt

Anhydrite

Clean tight
Limestone

Dolomite

Shale

Shaly gas
sand

Coal

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Typical log responses in clastic & carbonate formations 17
 Workshop sessions Refer to the composite log with depth interval 9900-10300’ handed out in the lecture

Questions:

1) Shade in the depth track those intervals you consider to be permeable rock – ie any interval of porous
formation from which any fluid should be able to flow.

2) Identify the depth where the hole diameter shows a large washout. Sometimes washouts can affect the
log readings and upset the interpretation of the important part of the ‘reservoir’ – is this likely to be the
case here?

3) Estimate the Sw (water saturation) at depth 10115’. Use the following information:

Questions
Porosity is 0.27, Rt is 10 ohm m. and Rw for this whole reservoir is 0.05 ohm m
What fluid (oil or water) would you expect to flow from here? (See below for useful info.)

4) What is the Sw (water saturation) at depth 10205’? Use the following information:
Porosity is 0.23, Rt is 1 ohm m. and Rw for this whole reservoir is 0.05 ohm m
What fluid (oil or water) would you expect to flow from here?

5) If time permits, estimate the volume of oil in place in this field in cubic feet. Area of the field is 10,000ft
x 10,000ft. (about 4 square miles). What is the value of the oil-in-place if 1 barrel is 4 cubic feet, and one
barrel is sold for $40?

Useful information:
Curve names:
GR Gamma Ray
CALI Caliper
DRHO Delta Rho
ILD Induction Deep (Deep Resistivity Rt)
MSFL MicroSpherically Focussed Log (Shallow Resistivity)
NPHI Neutron Porosity (Calibrated to read correctly in water filled Limestone)
RHOB Formation Density- can be easily converted to a porosity measurement
DT Delta T Sonic - can be easily converted to a porosity measurement
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