The impact of hazards

Week 3 and 4
The impact of hazards would
lead to sources of risks if there
is no proper response on it.

Risk is the measure of the RISK

losses – deaths, injuries, and
damage to property due to a
particular or combination of
hazards.

2
HAzard
“a potential source of harm or
they can be substances,
events, or circumstances can
constitute hazards when their
nature would allow them,
even just theoretically, to
cause damage to health, life,
property, or any other interest
of value.”

3
Hazard: 2 Nature

Natural Hazards Human-Made Hazards

4
Hazard: 4 classifications

Hydrometeorological Hazards Biological Hazards

Geological Hazards Anthropogenic Hazards

5
exposure
“people or properties who or
which are directly affected by
natural disasters. It is viewed as
the total value of elements at
risk. It is expressed as the
number of human lives and the
value of the properties that can
be potentially are affected.”

6
 Exposure:
4 elements
7
Physical Exposure
these involve the
physical environment
o buildings
o structures
o vehicles

8
Social Exposure
these involve the people
o children
o elderly
o women

9
Economic Exposure
these involve the
economic assets and
processes
o business
o jobs

10
Environmental Exposure
these involve the
environment
o ecosystem
o biodiversity

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VULNERABILITY

“combination of several
physicals, social, environmental,
or economic factors that
increase the susceptibility of a
population or community to a
natural hazard.”

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VULNERABILITY VS EXPOSURE

Common usage often mistakenly combine exposure and vulnerability,

they are distinct.

It is possible to be exposed but not vulnerable (for example by living in a

floodplain but having sufficient means to modify building structure and
behaviour to mitigate potential loss).

However, to be vulnerable to an extreme event, it is necessary to also be

exposed.

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 Wooden homes are less likely to
Physical Vulnerability collapse in an earthquake, but are mre
vulnerable to fire.

It is the potential for

physical impact on the
physical environment –
which can be expressed
as elements-at-risk.

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 Social Vulnerability When flooding occurs some citizens, such
as children, the elderly, and differently-
able, may be unable to protect themselves
It refers to the inability of people,
or evacuate if necessary.
organizations, and societies to
withstand adverse impacts to
hazards due to characteristics
inherent in social interactions,
institutions, and systems of cultural
values
o levels of literacy and education
o systems of good governance

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 Poorer families may live in squatter
settlements because they cannot afford
Economic Vulnerabilty to live in safer (more expensive) areas.

The level of vulnerability

is highly dependent
upon the economic
status of individuals,
communities,
and nations.

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 Pollution from storm water runoff

Environmental containing agricultural chemicals,

eroded soils, etc.
Vulnerability
Natural resource
depletion and resource
degradation are key
aspects of environmental
vulnerability.

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  Implementing building codes
 Insurance and social protection
(risk ) Since we cannot reduce the
 Emphasizing economic occurrence and severity of natural
diversity and resilient hazards, reducing vulnerability is
livelihoods one of the main opportunities for
 Knowledge and awareness- reducing disaster risk
raising
 Preparedness measures

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END OF PRESENTATION