Analysis and Design of Slab

Types of Slabs

Types of Structural Slabs

 Design of One-Way Slabs
Deflected shape of uniformly loaded one-way Unit strip basis for flexural design
slab
PROBLEM-9
A reinforced concrete slab is built integrally with its supports and consists of two equal spans, each
with a clear span of 15 ft. The service live load is 100 psf, and 4000 psi concrete is specified for
use with steel with a yield stress equal to 60000 psi. Design the slab, following the provisions of
the ACI code.

SOLUTION

Minimum slab thickness, h = l n/24 x (0.4 + fy / 100000)

= 15/24 x (0.4 + 60000 / 100000)
= 0.625 ft
= 7.5 inch
Self wt. of slab = 0.625 x 150 = 94 psf
Dead load = 94 x 1.2 = 113 psf
Live load = 100 x 1.6 = 160 psf
Total factored load, wu = 273 psf = 0.273 ksf

At interior support: -Mu = wuln2/9 = 0.273 x 152 /9 = 6.83 ft-kips

= 6.83 x 12 in-kips = 81.96 in-kips
At mid-span: + Mu = wuln2 /14 = 0.273 x 152 /14 = 4.39 ft-kips
At exterior support: -Mu = wuln2/24 = 0.273 x 15 2 /24 = 2.56 ft-kips

Maximum reinforcement ratio,

ρmax = 0.85β1 fʹc / fy x Ɛu /( Ɛu + 0.004)
= 0.85 x 0.85 x (4/60) x 0.003 / (0.003 + 0.004)
(Note: β1 = 0.85 – 0.05 (fʹc -4000)/1000
=0.021 = ρ (Let)
Now,
Mu = Ø ρfybd2(1 – 0.59ρ fy/fʹc)

d2 = Mu/[ Ø ρfy b(1 – 0.59ρ fy/fʹc)]

= 81.96 / {0.90 x 0.021 x 60 x 12(1-0.59 x 0.021 x 60/4)}

= 7.4 square inch
Or, d = √7.4 inch
Therefore, d = 2.72 inch.
According to the ACI Code, d = 7.5 – 1.0 = 6.5 inch which is greater than 2.72 inch.
So, accept, d = 6.5 inch.

At interior support

As = Mu / Øfy(d- a/2) Assume,

= 6.83 x 12/{0.90 x 60(6.5 – 1.0/2)} Depth of stress block, a = 1.0 inch
= 0.25 in2
Check

a = As fy / (0.85fʹc b) = 0.25 x 60 / (0.85 x 4 x 12) = 0.37 inch

2nd trial with the value of a = 0.37 inch.
Then,
As = 6.83 x 12/{0.90 x 60(6.5 – 0.37/2)}
= 0.24 in2 for which a = 0.37 x 0.24 / 0.25 = 0.36 inch which is very close to 0.37 inch.
So, no further revision is necessary.

At mid-span At exterior support

As = Mu / Øfy(d- a/2) As = Mu / Øfy(d- a/2)

= 4.39 x 12/{0.90 x 60(6.5 – 0.37/2)} = 2.56 x 12/{0.90 x 60(6.5 – 0.37/2)}
= 0.15 in2 = 0.09 in2

The minimum reinforcement is that required for control of shrinkage and temperature cracking.
This is As = 0.0018 bh = 0.0018 x 12 x 7.5 = 0.16 inch2 per 12 inch strip. Accept, As = 0.16 in2 at
exterior support and mid-span.
Problem
Design a reinforced concrete one way slab having a
cantilever span of 8 ft. Consider live load, uniform partition
wall load and floor finish as specified in BNBC for
residential building. Use 4000 psi concrete and 500W steel
for the design. Use BNBC criteria for deflection control of
slab.
SOLUTION
Minimum slab thickness, h = (ln/10) (0.4 + fy / 100000)
= (8/10) (0.4 + 72500 / 100000)
= 0.9 ft
= 10.8 inch
Accept, minimum slab thickness = 11 inch
Self - weight of slab = (11/12) x 150 = 138 psf
Assume, LL = 60 psf, Partition wall load =15 psf,
Floor finish = 10 psf
Factored dead load = (138 + 15 + 10) x 1.2 = 196 psf
Factored live load = 60 x 1.6 = 96 psf
Total factored load, wu = 292 psf = 0.292 ksf
Maximum moment at support: -Mu = wuln2/2
= 0.292 x 82 /2
= 9.344 ft-kips
= 112 in-kips
= 112000 in-lbs

β1 = 0.85 – 0.05 (fʹc - 4000)/1000

= 0.85
Maximum reinforcement ratio,
ρmax = 0.85β1fʹc / fy x Ɛu /( Ɛu + 0.004)
= 0.85 x 0.85 x (4000/72500) x 0.003 / (0.003 + 0.004)
= 0.017 = ρ (Let)
Now,
Mu = Ø ρfybd2(1 – 0.59ρ fy/fʹc)
d2 = Mu/[ Ø ρfyb(1 – 0.59ρ fy/fʹc)]
= 112000 / {0.90 x 0.017 x 72500 x 12(1-0.59 x 0.017 x 72500/4000)}
= 10.28 square inch
or, d = √10.28 inch
Therefore, d = 3.21 inch.
According to the BNBC, d = 11 – 1 = 10 inch which is
greater than 3.21 inch.
So, accept, d = 10 inch.
Area of Steel

a = Asfy / (0.85fʹc b)
= As x 72500 / (0.85 x 4000 x 12)
= 1.78 As

As = Mu / Øfy(d- a/2)
= 112000/{0.90 x 72500(10 – 1.78 As /2)}
= 0.17 in2

The minimum reinforcement is that required for control of

shrinkage and temperature cracking.
This is As = 0.0018 bh = 0.0018 x 12 x 11 = 0.23 inch2 per
12 inch strip. Accept, As = 0.23 in2 at support.
Use #4 bars @ 10 inch c/c in the both directions.
 One way slab Two way slab
The ratio of longer span to shorter span is The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less
greater than 2 than or equal to 2

Bending takes place in one direction Bending takes place in both directions

Deformed shape is cylindrical Bend into a dished surface

Main reinforcement is needed in only one Main reinforcement is needed in both

direction directions

Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement is Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement is

required not required

Depth requires is more Depth requires is less

Load distribution pattern: Load distribution pattern: