Lab #6

Title: Energetics

Topic: Enthalpy of reaction

Aim: To obtain values of ΔH for three chemical reactions and employ them to calculate the
ΔH for the fourth reaction.

Apparatus: FA1 (1M HCl), FA2 (1M NaOH), FA3 (NaHCO3), Styrofoam cup, measuring
cylinder, thermometer, electronic balance, stirring rod, distilled water.

Method:

1. A measuring cylinder was used to add 40ml of FA1 to a Styrofoam cup and the initial
temperature was recorded in a table

2. FA2(30ml) was measured and its initial temperature was recorded

3. FA2 to FA1 was added in the Styrofoam cup and stirred

4. The final temperature was measured and recorded of the mixture

5. FA3(4g) was weighed out

6. FA1(50ml) was measured out and placed in a Styrofoam cup and its initial
temperature was recorded

7. FA3 to FA1 was added and the final temperature of the mixture was measured

8. FA3(4g) was weighed out

9. Water (100ml) was measured out

10. The water was poured in a Styrofoam cup , its initial temperature was measured and
recorded

11. FA3 was dissolved in the water and its highest temperature was recorded.

Results:

FA1 (HCL) & FA2 (NaOH) Temperature/ºC

Initial temperature of FA1 26
Initial temperature of FA2 30.5
Final temperature of FA1 and FA2 34.5

TABLE SHOWING THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE AND FINAL TEMPERATURE OF

HCL AND NaOH
 FA1 (HCL) & FA3 (NaHCO3) Temperature/ºC
Initial temperature of FA1 29.5
Final temperature of FA1 and FA3 28

TABLE SHOWING THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF HCL AND THE FINAL

TEMPERATURE OF HCL AND NaHCO3

H2O& FA3 (NaHCO3) Temperature/ºC

Initial temperature of H2O 29
Final temperature of H2O and FA3 28.5

TABLE SHOWING THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF H2O AND THE FINAL

TEMPERATURE OF H2O AND NaHCO3

Calculations:

Reaction 1

 Temperature change

ΔT = TI – TF
TI = (29ºC + 30.5 ºC) ÷ 2
ΔT = 29.75ºC – 34.5 ºC
ΔT= – 4.75ºC

 Number of moles of HCl used

1 mol → 1000 cm3

x → 40 cm3
x = (1 mol × 40 cm3) ÷ 1000 cm3
x = 0.04 mol

 Number of moles of NaOH used

1 mol → 1000 cm3

x →30 cm3
x = (1 mol × 30 cm3) ÷ 1000 cm3
x = 0.03mol

 Enthalpy change

Total volume of solution = 40 cm3 + 30 cm3 = 70 cm3

Assuming 1g = 1cm3

ΔH = mc ΔT
q = 70g × 4.182 J/g/ ºC × (– 4.75ºC)
 q = – 1390.515 J
KJ = –1390.515 J ÷ 1000
= – 1.391KJ

 Energy per mole

– 1.391 KJ ÷ 0.03mol = – 46.35 KJ mol-1

Reaction 2

 Temperature change

ΔT = TI – TF
ΔT = 29.5 ºC– 28 ºC
ΔT= 1.5ºC

 Number of moles of HCl used

1 mol → 1000 cm3

X → 50 cm3
x = (1 mol × 50 cm3) ÷ 1000 cm3
x = 0.05 mol

 Number of moles of NaHCO3

Mrof NaHCO3= 84g/mol

1 mol→ 84g
x → 4g
x = (1 mol × 4g) ÷ 84g
x = 0.048 mol

 Enthalpy change

Assuming 1g = 1cm3
Volume of HCL = 50cm3

Mass of solution = mass of HCL + mass of NaHCO3

= 50g + 4g
= 54g
ΔH = mc ΔT
= 54g × 4.182 J/g/ ºC × (1.5ºC)
= 338.742 J
= 338.742J ÷ 1000
= 0.339 KJ

 Energy per mole

0.339KJ ÷ 0.048 mol = 7.06 KJ mol-1

Reaction 3

 Temperature change

ΔT = TI – TF
ΔT = 29 ºC – 28.5ºC
ΔT = .5 ºC

 Number of moles of NaHCO3

Molar ratio of NaHCO3 = 84g/mol

1 mol → 84g
x → 4g
x = (1 mol × 4g) ÷ 84g
x = 0.048 mol

 Enthalpy change

Assuming 1g = 1cm3
Volume of H2O = 100cm3

Mass of solution = mass of H2O + mass of NaHCO3

= 100g + 4g
= 104g

ΔH = mc ΔT
= 104g × 4.182 J/g/ ºC × (.5ºC)
= 217.464 J
= 217.464 J ÷ 1000
= 0.2175kJ

 Energy per mole

0.2175KJ ÷ 0.048 mol = 4.531 lKJ mol-1

Steps

Reaction 1: HCL (aq) + NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq) + H2O (l)

Reaction 2: HCL (aq) + NaHCO3(s)→NaCl(aq) + CO2 (g)+ H2O (l)

Reaction 3: H2O (l) + NaHCO3(s)→NaHCO3 (aq)

Reaction 4: NaOH(aq) + CO2 (aq) →NaHCO3 (aq)

 Energy Change for 4th reaction

 ΔH4 = ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3
ΔH4 = (– 46.35 kJ mol-1) + 7.06 kJ mol-1+4.531 kJ mol-1
ΔH4 = kJ mol-1

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the enthalpy change for the fourth reaction was – 34.76
kJ mol-1.