Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

Activity 1: COLOR THERMOMETER

Activity 2: BOILING OR FREEZING?

Q1. What do you notice with the boiling point and freezing point of the different solutions?
-
Most of them are the same freezing and boiling point.
Q2. What do you notice when you compare the initial boiling temperatures for the two
concentrations?
-
They differ in the temperature in the two concentrations and the difference in the two are
not that far from each other.
Q3. What about the two groups of freezing temperatures?
-
I notice that in concentrations A and B of sodium chloride and calcium chloride is the
same compare to other solutions.
Q4. How will you compare the boiling temperature of the solutions with that of pure water?
-
The boiling point elevation is the amount that the boiling point temperature increases
compared
to the original solvent. For example, the boiling point of pure water at 1.0atm is 100oC while
the
boiling point of a 2% salt water solution is about 102oC. Therefore, the boiling point
elevation
would be 2oC.
Q5. Does sodium chloride seem to deviate more from the boiling temperature and freezing
temperature of pure water than the sucrose and glycerol solutions? Why?
- When NaCl dissociates in water, it produces two ions.

Molar mass from colligative property

Activity 2: PROBLEM-SOLVING

1. SOLUTION:
 Compute ∆Tf

∆Tf = FP solvent - FP solution

∆Tf = 0 °C - (-5.53 °C)

∆Tf = 5.53 °C

(a) Find the molality

m = ∆Tf / kf

m = 5.53 °C / 1.86 °C/mol

m = 2.973 mol

(b) Number of moles X

m = mol X/kg (camphor)

m = (2.973 mol/kg)(0.218 kg)

m= 0.648 mol

(c) Molar mass

molar mass = grams (X) / mol (X)

molar mass = 38.7 g / 0.648 mol

molar mass= 59.72 g/mol

2. SOLUTION:

Compute ∆Tf

∆Tf = FP solvent - FP solution

∆Tf = 0 °C - (-37.2 °C)

∆Tf = 37.2 °C

(c) Fint the molality

m = ∆Tf / kf

m = 37.2 °C / 1.86 °C/mol

m = 20.0 mol

(d) Number of moles X

m = mol X/kg (camphor)

m = (20.0 mol/kg)(0.100 kg)

m= 2.00 mol

(c) Molar mass

molar mass = grams (X) / mol (X)

molar mass = 36 g / 2.00 mol

molar mass= 18 g/mol

3. SOLUTION:

Compute ∆Tf.

∆Tf = FP solvent - FP solution

∆Tf = 0 °C - (-0.49 °C)

∆Tf = 0.49 °C

(a) Find the molality

m = ∆Tf / kf

m = 0.49 °C / 1.86 °C/molal

m = 0.263mol

(b) Number of moles X

m = mol X/kg (camphor)

m = (0.263 mol/kg)(0.300 kg)

m =0.078mol

(c) Molar mass

molar mass = grams (X) / mol (X)

molar mass = 27.3g / 0.078mol

molar mass = 350g/mol

4. SOLUTION:

Compute ∆Tf.

∆Tf = FP solvent - FP solution

∆Tf = 0 °C - (-0.42 °C)

∆Tf = 0.42 °C
 (a) Find the molality

m = ∆Tf / kf

m = 0.42 °C / 1.86 °C/mol

m = 0.23mol

(b) Number of moles X

m = mol X/kg (camphor)

m = (0.23 mol/kg)(0.15 kg)

m =0.035mol

(c) Molar mass

molar mass = grams (X) / mol (X)

molar mass = 2.55g / 0.035mol

molar mass = 72.86g/mol

5. SOLUTION:

Compute ∆Tf.

∆Tf = FP solvent - FP solution

∆Tf = 0 °C - (-0.186 °C)

∆Tf =0.186 °C

(a) Find the molality

m = ∆Tf / kf

m = 0.186 °C / 1.86 °C/mol

m = 0.1mol

(b) Number of moles X

m = mol X/kg (camphor)

m = (0.1 mol/kg)(1 kg)

m =0.1mol

(c) Molar mass

molar mass = grams (X) / mol (X)

molar mass = 1.80g / 0.1mol

molar mass = 18g/mol