Nguyễn Công Phương

Electric Circuit Theory

Basic Laws
 Contents
I. Basic Elements Of Electrical Circuits
II. Basic Laws
III. Electrical Circuit Analysis
IV. Circuit Theorems
V. Active Circuits
VI. Capacitor And Inductor
VII. First Order Circuits
VIII.Second Order Circuits
IX. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
X. AC Power Analysis
XI. Three-phase Circuits
XII. Magnetically Coupled Circuits
XIII.Frequency Response
XIV.The Laplace Transform
XV. Two-port Networks

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 Basic Laws
1. Ohm’s law
2. Nodes, branches, and loops
3. Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Series subcircuits
5. Parallel subcircuits

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 Ohm’s law (1) v
i R Slope = R

+ v – i

v = Ri
→ p(t) = Ri2(t)
p(t) = v(t)i(t)

1
i = v = Gv
R

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 Ohm’s law (2)

i
v
+ Slope = R i Req
v
– i + v –

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 Ohm’s law (3)

i(t) vs = 0 i(t) R=0 i(t)

+ –
– + v –
+ – + v
v
Short circuit

i(t) is = 0 i(t) R=∞ i(t)

– + v –
+ – + v
v
Open circuit

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 Ohm’s law (4)
i R

+ v –

v = Ri

i R

+ v –

v = –Ri
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 Basic Laws
1. Ohm’s law
2. Nodes, branches, and loops
3. Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Series subcircuits
5. Parallel subcircuits

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 Nodes, branches, and loops (1)

A branch represents a single element

R1 R3

R2
+

E1 R4 J
–
+

E2 –

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 Nodes, branches, and loops (2)

A node is the point of connection between two or more branches

a R1 b R3 c

R2
d
+

E1 R4 J
–
+

E2 –

e f

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 Nodes, branches, and loops (3)

A loop is any closed path in a circuit

R1 R3

R2
+

E1 R4 J
–
+

E2 –

b=l+n–1

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 Basic Laws
1. Ohm’s law
2. Nodes, branches, and loops
3. Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Series subcircuits
5. Parallel subcircuits

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 Kirchhoff’s current law (1)
N
 in = 0 (KCL)
n =1
i1 i2
i1 i2

i4 i3
i4 i3

i1 − i2 + i3 − i4 = 0
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Kirchhoff’s current law (2)

?
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 Kirchhoff’s current law (3)

2A 1A

2Ω 4Ω
+

12 V – 1A 4A 3A
8Ω 1Ω

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 Kirchhoff’s voltage law (1)
N
 un = 0 (KVL)
n =1

vb
R1
+ –
+ v1 –
+
−va + v1 + vb + v2 + v3 = 0
+

va – v2 R2
–
– v3 +
R3
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 Kirchhoff’s voltage law (2)

4km

5km
?
3km

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 Kirchhoff’s voltage law (3)

2A 1A

+ 4V – +4V –
+ +
+

12 V – 1A 8V 4A 4V 3A
– –

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 Basic Laws
1. Ohm’s law
2. Nodes, branches, and loops
3. Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Series subcircuits
5. Parallel subcircuits

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 Series subcircuits (1)

i i
+ + – + – +
a a
E1 E2

+
v v Eeq = E1 + E2
–
b b
– –

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 Series subcircuits (2)

i i
+ +
a a
J1 J2
v v Jeq = J1 = J2

b b
– –

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 Series subcircuits (3)
i R1 R2 i
+ +
a + v1 – + v2 – a
v v Req = R1 + R2
b b
– –

v = v1 + v2
→ v = R1i + R2i = ( R1 + R2 )i = Reqi
v1 = R1i
R1 R2
v → v1 = v v2 = v
i= R1 + R2 R1 + R2
R1 + R2
Rk
vk = v
R1 + ... + Rk + ... + RN
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 Series subcircuits (4)
Ex. 1 i 10 Ω 20 Ω
Find v1 & v2? +
a + v1 – + v2 –
60 V
b
–

10
v1 = 60 = 20 V
10 + 20

20
v2 = 60 = 40 V
10 + 20

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 Series subcircuits (5)

i i
+ + – +
a a
E J
v v Jeq = J

b b
– –

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 Series subcircuits (6)
Ex. 2
i i
+ –
a a
60V 2A
10Ω 10Ω 2A

b b

10i + vJ = 60 10i + v J = 0
 
i = 2 i = 2
i = 2 A i = 2 A
→ →
vJ = 40 V v J = −40 V
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 Basic Laws
1. Ohm’s law
2. Nodes, branches, and loops
3. Kirchhoff’s laws
4. Series subcircuits
5. Parallel subcircuits

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 Parallel subcircuits (1)

i i
+ +
a a

v J1 J2 v Jeq = J1 + J2

b b
– –

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 Parallel subcircuits (2)

i i
+ +
a a
+

+
v E1 – E2 – v – Eeq = E1 = E2

b b
– –

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 Parallel subcircuits (3)
i i
1
+
a
+
a Req =
1 1
+
v R1 R2 i2 v R1 R2
i1
R1 R2
b b =
– – R1 + R2

v v 1 1  1
i = i1 + i2 = + = ( G1 + G2 ) v =  +  v = Geq v = v
R1 R2  R1 R2  Req
1 R1 R2
→ Req = =
1 1
+ R1 + R2
R1 R2
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 Parallel subcircuits (4)
i
+
a
R2
v R1 i2 i1 = i
i1 R2 R1 + R2
b
–

i = ( G1 + G2 ) v G1
→ i1 = i
i1 = G1v G1 + G2 Gk
ik = i
G2 G1 + ... + Gk + ... + GN
i2 = i
G1 + G2
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 Parallel subcircuits (5)
Ex. 1 3A
Find i1 & i2?
+
a

v 10 Ω i1 20 Ω i2

b
–

20
i1 = 3= 2 A
10 + 20
10
i2 = 3 =1 A
10 + 20
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 Parallel subcircuits (6)

i i
+ +
a a
+

+
v E – J v Eeq = E
–

b b
– –

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 Parallel subcircuits (7)
Ex. 2 i i
a +
iE a

+
10Ω 60V – 2A 10Ω –
60V

b b

i = iE + 2
 10i = 60
10i = 60
i = 60 /10 = 6 A → i = 60 /10 = 6 A
→
iE = 4 A

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